EP1190473B1 - Ionengeneratorvorrichtung - Google Patents

Ionengeneratorvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1190473B1
EP1190473B1 EP00936976A EP00936976A EP1190473B1 EP 1190473 B1 EP1190473 B1 EP 1190473B1 EP 00936976 A EP00936976 A EP 00936976A EP 00936976 A EP00936976 A EP 00936976A EP 1190473 B1 EP1190473 B1 EP 1190473B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ions
room
needle
voltage
sheath
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EP00936976A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1190473A1 (de
Inventor
Joël MERCIER
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Genie ET Environnement
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Genie ET Environnement
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electronic devices of the "ion generator” type. These devices make it possible to maintain inside a chamber or a room a certain ionic density (for example of negative oxygen ions in the air), in order to regain the salubrity of the site object of ion diffusion.
  • a certain ionic density for example of negative oxygen ions in the air
  • An application of the invention relates to the maintenance, within any enclosure or any closed or semi-open room, with a ventilation system and / or ventilation, a certain ion density, for example ions negative oxygen in the air, in order to restore the safety of the place object of the controlled ionic diffusion.
  • a certain ion density for example ions negative oxygen in the air
  • the electronic optical structure comprises the following elements, schematically represented in FIG.
  • a first plate 2 made of insulating material, cancels any electronic emission (effluvage) towards the rear of the device.
  • a second conductive plate 4 carries on its rear face emissive "tips” such as the tip 6.
  • a third insulating plate 8, integral with the plate 4, is located in front of the latter.
  • "Spikes” 6 are constituted by long, thin needles of stainless metal (Ag), and have a free end (emissive) with a radius of a few micrometers.
  • An adaptive electronic emission structure consists of a dielectric "sheath" 10 and a double conical structure 12 integral with the sheath, made of the same insulating material as the latter.
  • This adaptive structure also comprises an inner planar structure (plate 14), integral with the conical structure, located in the extension thereof, and made of the same insulating material. It is fixed on the outer wall 22 of the housing containing the device.
  • a system of composite plates 16, 18 has an insulating inner face 18, and an upper face 16, conductive and connected to ground.
  • a hole 20 ensures the passage of the sheath and the emitting needle.
  • a last plate 22 constitutes a housing enclosing the device. It is made of a very weakly conductive material, and it is connected to the conductive plate 16.
  • a "leakage" resistor 24 symbolizes the actual resistance of the plate 16 responsible for discharging the charges taken from the local space charge resulting from the electronic emission of the tips.
  • the plate 16 carried by the insulating plate 18, is connected to ground (zero potential), and the emitting hands are sheathed dielectric.
  • the equipotential zero is imposed by the field plate 16, its distribution depending on the position and the length of the needles, as well as the characteristics of the dielectric sheath and its distal cone 26.
  • All of these devices have a number of disadvantages.
  • They are limited in their performance and do not ensure the sustainability and consistency of ion production.
  • they do not allow to circulate, constantly, a negative ionic flux in the site or the enclosure to be treated. They also do not make it possible to ensure and prolong the ionic flux, as well as the ionic diffusion, in the whole of the enclosure or the room to be treated, and are also not very reliable as regards the actual ionic production.
  • the known devices also have relatively low ionic yields after some time of use. In particular, after several uses, they prove to be little capable of efficiently producing oxygen ions.
  • Those working at a voltage higher than 6 kV are dangerous because of the aggressiveness and toxicity of the peroxidants they produce, such as ozone or nitrous oxide. They also induce electrostatic flows. In addition, the use of too high voltages is very difficult to control or control, and is therefore very dangerous in its current implementation.
  • Those operating at a voltage of less than or equal to 4200 volts, and in particular those of the type described above in connection with FIG. 1, implement power supply methods, and manufacturing, which tend to create a coherent system of power supply and ion flow creation.
  • the electrical connection between the plates 16 and 22 is made using an electric wire, and therefore additional connections, which complicates the device and its manufacture. These connections also create a high voltage supply deficiency, and do not prevent losses or static charges.
  • the device can not really ensure a quality ion production and a dispersion of the ionic flux in the atmosphere.
  • corona effluvial effects are also manifested. These effects result in a deposition of pollutants in the zone 30 in "V" constituted by the distal cone 26 and the conical aperture 28. This zone is in contact with the atmosphere and the air flows that circulate therein. where the creation of parasitic compounds such as peroxides or others. Effluving effects prevent known devices from functioning effectively.
  • this type of device does not offer an effective and sustainable solution to the treatment of the target enclosure, and the restoration of the health of the place. Such a device also does not allow to create a real insulation and a real tightness, because of external power supplies and resistances necessary for its operation.
  • the sheath structure 20, integral with the cone 12, itself secured to the plates 14, is complex to produce industrially. In both cases, a plasma zone extends very widely at the outlet of the emitting points. This is the cause of a production of various peroxides, dangerous for human or animal health, such as NO x , and which, in addition, go, through a process of attraction and screen, to favor the reduction of ionic emission. desired.
  • the values of the electric fields in the two existing devices referred to above are very random in the vicinity of the emissive tip.
  • some devices incorporate a propulsion fan.
  • the result is an expensive system that generates excessive energy consumption and is the cause of noise disturbances.
  • such a system mixes the air by creating the agglutination of dust on the blades of the fans or the propulsion system, which increase the phenomena of friction of the air, which densifies the electrostatic disturbances, causes of the decrease of the emission of the ionic flux in the enclosure or the volume to be treated.
  • the known devices do not allow adaptation to environments or various premises. If a given device is installed in a room, there is no way to modify the ion production according to the occupancy of the room. local, whether human occupation or the environment consisting of furnishings or coatings on the walls of the room. Nor does any system make it possible to adapt the ion production according to the place where the room is located. But the needs are not the same depending on whether the local is, for example, in an urban agglomeration or in the countryside. Finally, the known devices do not make it possible to produce a device having a number of emitting points or needles greater than a few units. At best, the known devices have less than twenty needles.
  • the composite material comprises an unsaturated polyester, reinforced with glass fibers.
  • a composite material as cladding material provides a clear improvement in terms of the electron emission and ion production obtained.
  • Such a material may have a resistivity substantially equal to or equal to 10 12 ohms.m while WO96 / 02966 recommends using a resistivity material greater than or equal to 10 15 ohms.m.
  • the choice of this material also eliminates the need to make a conical distal structure in the vicinity of the end of each needle, secured to the sheath, and the need to achieve a conical proximal structure on the side of the emitting end of each needle.
  • the realization of the ion generating device (positive or negative) is greatly facilitated, and the drawdown of zero potential lines along the sheath is provided without the presence of conical structures.
  • the sheath made around the needle is for example of cylindrical shape, without conical portion at the end.
  • the composite material may comprise glass in a proportion of between 50% and 90% by total weight of the material. It may further include mica.
  • the needles may be titanium or platinum or a titanium and platinum compound, or silver, or, stainless steel, or brass, or nickel or an alloy of these materials.
  • the means for applying a voltage between two parts of the body of each needle comprise for example a first and a second plate, located at two different heights along each sheath, and means for applying a high voltage between these two plates.
  • a power supply device may be incorporated on one of these plates.
  • the connections of the ionizer device to the outside are reduced, thereby reducing the problems of micro-air currents or leakage from outside to inside the device, and therefore the problems mentioned below. above in the introduction.
  • one of the plates integrates the assembly constituted by the high voltage supply and the electronic means for applying this voltage along the body of each needle.
  • each needle may be surrounded by a sheath, the sheaths being secured in pairs.
  • the sheaths can thus be coupled two by two using a plate made of a material identical to that of the sheaths, the two sheaths and the plate being formed in a single block. This gives a very advantageous structure from the point of view of industrial manufacture.
  • the subject of the invention is also a device for regulating an ionizing device, furthermore comprising means for regulating the voltage applied between the two parts of the body of each needle, for example from a transformer or from a transmitter - regulator; thus the device offers the possibility of exerting a control of the ionic diffusion.
  • the ionizer device may advantageously be of the type described above in the context of the present invention.
  • the voltage regulation means comprise means for measuring a quantity of ions produced by the device, means for comparing this quantity of ions produced with a theoretical quantity required, and means for making vary the applied voltage according to the result of the comparison of the quantity of ions produced and the quantity of ions required.
  • the theoretical quantity of ions required can be determined from a corrected volume, taking into account the actual volume of the room in which the ion generating device is installed, as well as the contents of the room and / or its environment.
  • a user can regulate the operation of an ionizer device according to the environment thereof, for example human occupation and / or furnishings and / or coatings on the walls of the premises, or again depending on the location of the premises.
  • the switching means comprise for example a transistor biased by a voltage source when switching.
  • This detector can be used with the voltage regulation means described above.
  • This device comprises a needle or emitting tip 40, essentially made of a noble material.
  • This needle is preferably titanium, or platinum, or a compound of these two materials. It is also possible to use a stainless metal or even silver, stainless steel, brass or nickel, or an alloy of these materials, for example brass-nickel alloy or silver-stainless steel. However, it is titanium or platinum or a platinum-titanium mixture that ensures the best performance of the device, as will be explained below.
  • This needle comprises a cylindrical portion 40-1, extended by a conical end 40-2. - It is inserted in a cladding 42, made of unsaturated polyester composite material, reinforced with glass fibers.
  • Such a material may further comprise chlorophthalic resin.
  • This material is formed for example by pultrusion.
  • the material of the sheath 42 contains, for example, a glass content of between 50 and 80% by weight of the composite material. Its resistivity is approximately equal to 10 12 ohms.m. Physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics of this material are collated as an indication in the following Table 1, respectively for solid bars and rods and for profiles.
  • the resistivity characteristics are obtained for example by ASTM method D257. The characteristics indicated may vary according to the applications or achievements envisaged. ⁇ b> Table I ⁇ / b> PROPERTIES FULL BARS AND RODS PROFILES PHYSICAL Glass rate 70-80% by weight 50-65% by weight Specific weight 2 1.8 Hardness Dercol 45/50 45/50 Water absorption 0.30% by weight 0.30% by weight Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 5.4 10 -6 / K 9 10 -6 / K Thermal conductivity 0.288 W / K m 0.144 W / K m MECHANICAL Tensile strength 690 Mpa 207 Mpa Tensile modulus of elasticity 41.4 Gpa 17.2 Gpa Flexural strength 690 Mpa 207 Mpa Shear stress 35 Mpa 35 Mpa Resistance to axial compression 414 Mpa 276 Mpa ELECTRICAL Parallel dielectric resistance 2380 kV / m 984 kV / m Resistivity 10 12 ⁇ m 10 12 ⁇ m
  • Dielectric materials having a resistivity of between 10 4 ohms.m and 10 14 ohms.m or between 10 4 ohms.m and 10 16 ohms.m can also be used.
  • the needle-cladding assembly is associated with means making it possible to establish an intense electric field at the end of the needle, or making it possible to establish a potential difference along the needle, the field or the difference in potential being sufficient (e) to allow the production of electrons by the emissive tip.
  • the drawdown of zero potential lines along the sheath 42 is ensured without the presence of conical structures
  • these means which make it possible to establish an intense electric field at the end of the needle, or which make it possible to establish a potential difference along the needle, comprise a first and a second plate 44, 46 between which an appropriate potential difference is established.
  • the sheath 42 made of composite material then makes it possible, in combination with the two plates 44, 46, to establish an appropriate tension along the body of the emitting needle. It ensures a controllable and modifiable electric field, of very high value, at the free end of each tip.
  • the equipotential drawdown is almost on the outer surface of the sheath. This results in an increased ionic flux and a large reduction in the confinement zone of the plasma.
  • the emissions of peroxide-type products are reduced (ozone production to less than 1 part per billion).
  • the combination of the sheath made of composite material as defined above, and platinum or titanium needles, or a mixture of platinum and titanium, is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to reach an optimum electric field. for a given supply voltage.
  • the emitted electronic flux is strengthened and the yield of ion production improved.
  • the flux obtained is transmitted in a durable and stable manner.
  • the choice of this combination of materials substantially reduces the production of compounds of the peroxide type or other parasitic or toxic compounds, as well as lateral crown effects (effluvage).
  • the emitting needle 40 is fixed on the base plate 44 by welding 50 or crimping or by any other equivalent means to ensure a firm hold of the needle 40 on this plate.
  • FIG. 3A An example of a needle shape that can be used is shown in Figure 3A.
  • This needle comprises a cylindrical body 40-1, a conical end 40-2, and a fixing lug 41, for example of also cylindrical shape, and of diameter less than the diameter of the body 40-1.
  • a corresponding hole 47 of diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the lug 41, is formed in the plate 44.
  • the lug protrudes from the plate, for example by about 2 mm, in order to achieve a quality weld, to maintain the needle firmly.
  • This weld 50 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 3B.
  • the plate 44 is then itself taken between the inner face 43 of the cylinder constituting the body 40-1 and the weld 50 on the other side of the plate 44.
  • Such a firm hold not only ensures stability of the needle, and therefore electronic directions of emission, but also avoids any circulation of micro-currents of air or atmosphere which would favor the creation of harmful species, for example of peroxides.
  • the function of the welding is not only to maintain the needle, but also to isolate and seal the interior of the device relative to possible air circulation.
  • the welding can be performed by passing the plate 44 of the needle holder wave.
  • any fastening means will also provide, preferably, and for the same reasons, these firm holding functions, without friction or possible displacement, or without possible air flow, or without mechanical effort.
  • these mechanical forces they can indeed affect the entire device and its housing, and therefore result in micro-leaks allowing air currents or flows or friction that create loads static. Air currents or friction, even very low, are sources of disturbance in the ion production of the device. In particular, the air circulations favor the production of peroxide compounds and cause the creation of static charges which come to hinder the quality and the importance of the ionic flux.
  • the emitting points may be covered with a gold film (represented in black in FIG. 2), which strengthens the ability of the tip and the sheath to eliminate disturbing phenomena such as production of electrostatic charges, electromagnetic disturbances and the production of all peroxides or other toxic products.
  • This gold film can also be applied to the entire body of the needle.
  • the device can produce a very large ion flux, continuously and stable.
  • the reference 48 designates, in FIG. 2, a wall of a housing in which all the needles, their cladding, and plates 44, 46 can be incorporated.
  • the wall 48 is made an opening 52, for example of conical shape, forming a housing of the end 40-2 of the emitting tip.
  • the housing can rest on the upper face 54 of the sheath 42.
  • the invention does not require the implementation a plate such as the plate 14 (see Figure 1), made of the same material as the sheath 10 and integral with the conical structure 12 and the sheath 10. This need, in the device of the prior art, d a complex unit complex to achieve, imposes a very strong manufacturing constraint.
  • the device according to the invention because no solidarity is necessary between the outer plate or wall 48 of the housing and the sheath 42, simplifies the assembly of the device. This gain in assembly is all the more sensitive as the number of emitting points is high. The device according to the invention therefore provides a considerable simplification.
  • the electrical properties resulting from the choice of the material of the sheath 42 and the needle 40 in no way require a connection via an external resistor, the type of the resistor 24 of Figure 1.
  • the device is thus, again, simplified. Its safety is improved, since it eliminates the presence of an electrical conductor, which is very significant in an environment of high or very high voltages. Indeed, such a conductor is at the origin of various phenomena, including electrical disturbance, which reduce the ion production process.
  • the needles / emitting tips have a length of the order of 18 mm to 32 mm, for example 30 mm.
  • An average length of 24 mm is suitable for industrial use for a consumer product, for example for application to motor vehicles.
  • the average diameter of each needle may be 1 mm, but may vary, depending on the needs of industrial production, between 0.8 and 1.8 mm or 2 mm.
  • the needles are subjected, directly and without wire devices, to a high voltage power supply of 4.3 to 6 kV.
  • the emitting portion of the conical section 40-2 is covered with a gold film and has a length of between 2 mm and 2.5 mm. In one example, this portion 40-2 is 5.8 mm long and is covered with a gold film over a length of 2.4 mm.
  • the end of the tip has a radius of a few micrometers.
  • the sheath 42 has for example an outer diameter of 6 mm.
  • This sheath allows the passage of the needles 40 in its central cylindrical orifice. Preferably, this passage is by force, in order to avoid any friction when the needle is in position, any mechanical effect, and any passage of air creating disturbing and electrostatic phenomena.
  • the needle is preferably introduced into the sheath so as to avoid any air passage between the sheath and the body 40-1 of the needle, which makes it possible to improve the ionic production, and in particular to avoid the production of peroxides (especially NO x ).
  • the plate 48 of the housing of thickness approximately 2.5 mm, for example has an aperture of half-angle at the apex substantially equal to 30 °, and of average depth 8 mm, but which can also be between 3 mm (or 5 mm). ) and 15 mm.
  • a specific adhesive can be used to seal and isolate the needle in the sheath 42.
  • the first plate 44 is for example made of composite material. It has an insulating face and has for example a total thickness of 1.5 mm. The material used is totally integrated in this first plate and has a thickness of between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm, the whole having a thickness of between approximately 1.5 mm and 2 mm. It cancels any effluvage emission towards the rear of the device.
  • the second plate is for example made of a composite material whose inner face is insulating and the upper face is conductive and connected to ground (ground zero potential).
  • the sheaths of composite material are assembled in pairs, by means of a plate 60 made of the same material as the sheaths. Practically, the two sheaths and the plate are formed of a single block. This structure makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical holding of the needles, and to ensure a constant distance between them. The stability of the electron flux emitted is thus improved, and the possibility of friction or displacements, even very low, is thus further reduced.
  • the electronic power supply of the device according to the invention may be a conventional power supply, of the type described in WO96 / 02966.
  • the device according to the invention can operate at a voltage greater than 12 kV, for example between 6 kV and 12 kV, for industrial applications requiring high power.
  • a voltage of less than 6 kV can be sufficient, for example a voltage between 4.3 kV and 6 kV, or even lower than 4.3 kV, for example 4.2 kV.
  • the electronic part and the needles are fed directly, uniformly and permanently, which provides an equal high voltage emission over the entire device.
  • a single control diode can then be integrated in the shell and the housing 48.
  • the voltage source supplies a single plate, which accommodates the entire device and electronic equipment.
  • This integration ensures a very good isolation and a very good security of the device with respect to its external environment, since it requires only an outward connection, for example by a plug type "jack" integrated. It also makes it possible to eliminate the presence of a wired element between the two plates, and to reduce the emission and diffusion of static charges. It therefore contributes to a much better ion production. Finally, it reduces the size of the entire device, so the contact surfaces with the atmosphere.
  • the contact with the sector can be made uniformly by monoblocks to the standards of the European Union, integrating different types of voltages (from 6 to 380 V) and adapting to different voltages and powers (for example from 40 to 60 Hz) ..
  • the source thus integrated may include any number of emitting needles.
  • An example of a circuit developed to ensure this integration of the high voltage on one of the plates 44, 46 is given in FIG. 6.
  • This circuit comprises a filter 70, an oscillating circuit 76, a transformer 78, and a set 80 of multiplier stages. of tension.
  • References 72 and 74 respectively denote a power supply control circuit 72 and voltage regulation (for example: 5 V) at the primary of the transformer.
  • the multiplier assembly 80 is shown schematically on the plate 46, the other electronic components integrated on this plate not being represented.
  • the plate 46 is then an electronic card, the plate 44 being a plate for supporting the needles.
  • the lower plate 44 supports the entire electronic card as well as the non-emissive bases of the needles, fixed for example by welding, and the cladding of the needles. It is this embodiment that is preferred over that in which the electronic device is made on the plate 46.
  • the second plate 46 is then distant, for example, at least 10 mm, and at most 14 mm, from the plate 44, and ensures a reinforced stability of the coaxial cladding, and therefore of the diffusion of the electrons emitted by the 40-2 emitting tip of the needles 40.
  • the face facing the first plate 44 is treated to make it insulating. It reinforces the mechanical maintenance of the cladding, support of needles / emitting points.
  • This second plate 46 is for example made of a composite material whose inner face is insulating and the upper face is conductive and connected to ground (ground zero potential).
  • the electronic components used on the plate or power supply board can be of the CMS type (Surface Mount Components).
  • CMS Surface Mount Components
  • the plate, on which the voltage source and the electronic components are integrated, may have been immersed in a qualified and normative bath for fixing the electronic assembly.
  • the entire housing of the electronic device, electronic support cards and tips / emitting needles is preferably a very weakly electrically conducting material, and a low static charge generator, for example a material plastic, discharged of any metallic trace.
  • the material will preferably have a minimum resistivity of 10 4 ohm.m, for example 10 12 ohm.m. In general, the resistivity of this material is preferably between 10 4 and 10 12 ohm.m.
  • the chosen material may be an ABS polyamide K6 or ABS polycarbonate material. It may be treated with anti-ultraviolet and / or anti-static additives, for example by addition of either talc (over 40%) or glass, or Mica, or a product of mineral origin .
  • a material will be retained whose resistance to temperature is greater than or equal to 120 ° C.
  • the entire housing can be treated indoors with a paint called "antistatic" to reduce the electrical phenomena producing static charges, highly disturbing elements in the context of the diffusion and ionic emission isotropic. an intense flow of charges of one and / or the other sign, without emission of toxic compounds, under a tension of moderate value.
  • the material constituting the housing can also be treated with additives giving it antistatic properties. Additional treatment with antistatic paint is no longer necessary.
  • the housing is preferably made of pultruded composite material.
  • the housing 51 may consist of two shells that can be assembled using two screw wells 56 (only one of which is shown in Figure 5). This housing can also ensure the maintenance of electronic cards and the support of needles spikes / emissive.
  • the two wells 56 of the same material as the two shells of the housing itself, can accommodate two screws 58, themselves preferably made of a plastic material. After closing, the screws are inaccessible and the wells can be closed for example by labeling.
  • this closure makes it possible to eliminate a possible source of micro-circulations of air, the effects of which have already been explained above.
  • the screws may have a length of 2.5 to 3 mm, the assembly wells 56 having a depth of about 5.8 mm to 6.5 mm.
  • the division of the housing into two separate shells, machined according to a mounting section and assembled by screws as described above is compatible with an industrial implementation.
  • the device may be provided with a grid 53 or a slot which passes the electronic flux and provides a protection function.
  • This grid or slot is preferably integrated in the housing 51, as shown in Figure 5, and made of the same material. It also makes it possible to reduce air circulation in the direct vicinity of the emitting end 40-2 of the tip 40, which further reduces the possible production of peroxide-type compounds.
  • a sedimentation collector of all the dust, and / or germs and / or particles deposited by precipitation or sedimentation due to the action of the ionizer.
  • This collector can for example accommodate filters that can be changed or cleaned or self-cleaning filters.
  • the ionizer device according to the invention by the design of the cladding, the needles, their assembly, and by the design of the case, makes it possible to increase the number of needles to 24 or more (for example: 48, 96 or 192 points ). Thus, it is much easier to process large volumes, with, in addition, a quality ionic emission, without creation of peroxide compounds, nor influx of static charges.
  • the ionic diffusion obtained from an ionizing device, and in particular from a device according to the invention, as described above, can be checked using a test tester.
  • ions which ensures a measurement, punctual or integrated, by secondary connection for example using a connection integrated in the device.
  • V t V p + 1 + P / 100 + AT where V p represents the actual physical volume of the room or room (length x width x height).
  • V t is obtained in m 3 .
  • each of the coefficients expressed above adds a certain volume to the actual physical volume V p .
  • the presence of a person requires adding 6 m 3 to V p .
  • V t thus expresses a corrected volume.
  • the ion generating apparatus produces a certain amount of ions, adapted to a certain volume, depending on the applied voltage. This data is for example provided by the manufacturer of the ionizer. In the following is given an example in which an ionic emission of 4,000,000,000,000 negative ions / seconds can treat an average volume of about 80 to 100 m 3 of air. After calculating V t , it is possible to vary the applied voltage, and therefore the volume of ions actually produced, to adapt production to environmental conditions.
  • FIG. 7 An example of a control system is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the reference 81 designates an ionizer device comprising one or more emitting points 85, 86, 87.
  • the calculations described above can be carried out separately, for example on a portable microcomputer 96 equipped with the necessary calculation program; it can also be performed remotely, the computer program being loaded on a server 90 to which the user connects via a network 98.
  • a microprocessor 94 designed and programmed specifically to calculate V t and, optionally, P or A.
  • the user provides, either on the microcomputer 96 or on the device 94, the data on the various parameters, either in the form of answers to questions or directly in the form of quantitative parameters; in the latter case, the user has already at his disposal, in tabular form, or in a memory space of the microcomputer 96, the data above.
  • the device 94 then compares the data provided by the ion meter 82 with the necessary volume of ions, which is itself deduced from V t and emits, depending on the result of this comparison, a voltage comparison signal.
  • the device incorporates for example a variator acting, inter alia, at the base of the needles / emitting tips.
  • the user can calculates, for example using the microcomputer 96, the volume V t and itself modifies, by hand, the operating voltage of the ionizer or the number of ionizers operating.
  • the ionic power output can be modulated according to the needs of the user, for example from data provided by the manufacturer of the device.
  • FIG. 8 An example of an ion meter that can be used as a meter 81 is illustrated in FIG. 8. It comprises three transistors 100, 102, 104, three resistors 106, 108, 110, an antenna 112 (used as a sensor), a diode 114 (LED), a switch 126.
  • the ions accumulate on the antenna, causing a minimal negative current I1 passing through the base of the transistor 100.
  • a capacitor 116 forms with the resistor 106 an RC network which eliminates any rapid fluctuation. When I1 is large enough, the transistor 100 snaps into action.
  • the base of transistor 104 is associated with the positive terminal of the stack.
  • a counter 122 for example a 100 mA counter
  • the circuit is enclosed in a plastic casing (for example made of pultruded composite ABS) loaded with talc or mica up to 45%.
  • a 1.25 cm wide aluminum strip is attached to the side of the housing, and is connected to the circuit at the junction of the capacitor 116 and the positive terminal of the battery 120.
  • This aluminum strip serves as a point of contact. mass to the circuit. It can also be replaced by a connection to a fixed earth point.
  • the device described above detects negative ions. By inverting the polarity of the transistors (NPN becomes PNP and vice versa), it can detect the positive ions.
  • the transistors 100, 102 are standard PN 2907 PNP transistors
  • the transistor 106 is a standard PN 2222 NPN model
  • the resistors 106 and 108 have respective values of 100 Mohms and 10000 Ohms
  • the potentiometer 110 has a value of 5000 Ohms
  • the capacitor 116 has a value of 470 pF
  • the battery 120 is a radio battery of 9 V.
  • the switch 126 is backed by the potentiometer 110. It is also possible to use a potentiometer equipped with a switch.
  • the ion meter as just described can detect the presence of ions in the air or the atmosphere and indicates their relative rate. This ion meter can be used to regulate an ion production as illustrated in FIG. 7. It also makes it possible to check ionic leaks or to test static charges (for example on clothing or neon tubes or plastic containers) and can therefore be used independently of the circuit of Figure 7.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to restore the ionic balance and restore the wholesomeness of a place or a site. It can be applied to a wide variety of fields, including domestic and industrial. Examples of particularly advantageous applications concern the food industry (breeding of any kind) or food preservation (refrigerators and refrigerated cabinets fixed or mobile, portable or not).
  • the invention is particularly applicable in the field of vacuum storage, replacing chlorine treatments, as well as in the field of preservation of products in general. It applies in particular to the conservation of products called "4th" category "of the fish products, canned fish and seafood.
  • applications are in the areas of air conditioning, ventilation, and ventilation in horizontal or vertical, centralized or individual residential sites, in office sites and trays, computer clean rooms, public or private hospitals, pharmaceutical sites, gray and white airlock in industrial, pharmaceutical, hospital (public or private), and generally in any laboratory, any kindergarten or house of retirement.
  • ions by avoiding any creation or production of various peroxide-like compounds, of an aggressive nature for all human life, in a closed or semi-open environment, and / or production or emission of a toxic nature for all human life, in a closed or semi-open enclosure, such as ozone (O 3 ) or nitrogen oxide (NO x ) or carbon monoxide or other derivatives.
  • O 3 ozone
  • NO x nitrogen oxide
  • the regulation method used in combination with the device according to the invention makes it possible to restore the ionic balance and to restore the wholesomeness of any place by means of the evaluation of the ionic emission required, depending on the installation of the apparatus, for the purpose of treating the air of the site or of the enclosure equipped with the device according to the invention.
  • a first example concerns a study of the efficiency of the ionizer in a gray airlock of men filling (it is a unit of the pharmaceutical industry).
  • the device used, as described above, has an ionic emission of 4,000,000,000,000 negative ions / second, to treat an average of 80-100 m 3 of air.
  • the apparatus was placed in the men's gray airlock of the filling. A strong microbial contamination of the air had been noted in this chamber for several weeks.
  • Checks were carried out before the introduction of the ionizer, as well as during the use of the ionizer.
  • the particle checks are carried out with a particle counter of the type METONE 217, Serial No. 92 22 51 47 MM, equipped with an isokinetic probe. The checks are carried out during the activity period.
  • bacteriological controls were carried out. These are controls of general air and surfaces (sinks and floors). They were carried out in the same way as routine sampling during the operation of the apparatus, and with a SCR for general air and 'count-tact' type plates for surfaces.
  • the ionizer device according to the invention is effective in reducing particulate activity and general air contamination, even if it does not eliminate them completely. Described above for a pharmaceutical production unit, it can equally and equally well be applied to a computer equipment room.
  • This example concerns the effect of an ionizer in a delivery room.
  • the treated volume is 1200 m3 and 7 devices according to the invention were installed in the room.
  • the controls were carried out by a bio-hygienist technician, when the room was at rest and outside any human presence, on April 9, 1998 (day D0 before installation of the equipment) and on April 10 and 11, 1998 (respectively days J1 and J2)
  • the particle counting apparatus used is of the "MET ONE 227" type, with a flow rate of 2.8 liters / minute, and a sampling time of one minute. This apparatus was installed at the central point of the room.
  • the apparatus used was of the "SAMPL'AIR" type, with a flow rate of 100 liters / minute and a sampling time of 10 minutes. This apparatus was also installed at the central point of the room.
  • This example concerns the treatment of the air of a box that houses a sport and race horse.
  • a racehorse lives more than 20 hours a day in its box, which is a dwelling of about 3.5 meters by 3 meters of floor space. It is usually cleaned every day, early in the morning, and it is a place where a lot of dust and germs are concentrated.
  • horses with different disorders were placed inside a box equipped with ionizers as described above. Specifically, examples will be given regarding horses with persistent coughs, symptoms of epistaxis, and symptoms of meforme.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used very effectively in the habitat of any animal, and in particular chickens, ducks, turkeys, or rabbits.
  • the invention therefore also relates to an animal carrier provided with an ionizer device as described above, for example a cage of plastic material (or polymer or composite) provided with such an ionizer, for example for chickens, or ducks, or turkeys, or rabbits, or other small animals (dogs, cats, ).
  • This example relates to the treatment of air in the pig breeding environment, the air treatment being carried out by an ionizer device according to the invention.
  • This type of production makes it possible to compare the results obtained in a treated room with those obtained in an untreated room of the same band.
  • the second site is a weekly production cycle. Each week, there are protrusions, calving, and weaning at 21 days. This second type of production does not make it possible to compare the results obtained with other rooms at the same time, they can only be compared with the results obtained on the past tapes, at the same stages of production.
  • Air treatment ramps, or devices according to the invention, were installed on August 31, 1998, in the breeding maternity pigs. The operation was completed on 28 September 1998. The atmosphere of the room seems better, but no known health outcome could be attributed to the current treatment.
  • the nursery is also equipped with devices according to the invention.
  • the direct technical results are good, since we have seen a significant gain in weight over a short period of just 21 days, and this during a very sensitive period (weaning, abandonment of the mother, change of context,. ..).
  • the difference with the figures of the four previous bands shows the importance of the differences, since it was possible to note a total weight gain, per piglet, of 810g and a daily average weight gain (GMQ), per animal, of 49g. .
  • GMQ daily average weight gain
  • there has been a decrease in coughing and sneezing which suggests better health and respiratory capacity.
  • Table XVII Average 4 previous lots Band concerned Average 4 following lots MATERNITY Born alive / Scope 10.9 12.6 11.6 Weaned / litter 9.7 9.7 9.8 Weight 6.2 kg 6.3 kg 6.0 kg Age 20.9 days 20.7 days 20.4 days NURSERY Number 590 146 571 Weight output 10.69 kg 11,50 kg 11.38 kg Age 45.6 days 43.9 d 46.4 days Losses 3 0 5 ADG 178 g 227 g 207 g SEVERAGE Number 146 Weight output 34.43 kg Age 74.9 days losses 0 ADG 519 g
  • the nursery room was equipped on October 7, 1998, and the animals entered on October 8 or 9, 1998.
  • the results relate to 528 pigs, weaned at 27 days.
  • Table XX Treated room Sample room difference + - results 3 lots piglets 1,578 pcl ADG 416g 364g + 52g 371g Average weight 15, 800 kg 14,680 kg + 1,120 kg
  • This example relates to the use of ionizing devices according to the invention in the food industry.
  • a first series of tests made it possible to test the efficiency of 1 to 4 ionizers in the room.
  • a week of beats, without an ionizing device in operation, is introduced before each modification of the study conditions.
  • the ionizers were placed in the same place, on the wall, opposite to a fume hood.
  • Table XXI WEEK Number of ionizers in operation 1 0 2 1 3 0 4 2 5 0 6 4
  • This example relates to the use of ionizing devices according to the invention, and the emission of negative ions, for the preservation of fresh fish.
  • the tests were performed on sardines and smelt.
  • An ionizer according to the invention was introduced into a refrigerating chamber (enclosure 1) maintained at 4 ° C. and with an average humidity of 75%. The ionizer was installed a day before the start of the tests.
  • Ten fish were used for the tests. They were bought just before the experiment, kept in ice and then cut in half. One half of each fish was then placed in the enclosure 1 and the other half in the enclosure 2. The halves of fish were thus kept for 5 days, without intervention.
  • a first test (chemical test) was performed.
  • the kit used (“Fresh Tester FTP II” (FT302), brand TRANSIA) allows to know the state of freshness of the fish.
  • This kit measures the total amount K of degradation products of ATP: K % + h x ⁇ R + H x ATP + ADP + AMP + IMP + H x ⁇ R + H x ⁇ 100
  • H x R + H x represents the amount of Inosine (H x R) and Hypoxanthine ( H x ) resulting from the decomposition of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
  • the denominator successively contains the amounts of ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inosine mono-phosphate (IMP), as well as the quantities H X R and H x .
  • K is inversely proportional to the freshness of the fish.
  • the kit is in the form of a test strip tube, an extraction buffer vial and a K reading abacus.
  • a dorsal muscle sample of a test fish, free of skin, is taken, to which a quantity of buffer is added. From the obtained mixture, an extract is made in which a test strip can be quenched.
  • the sardine pieces of the enclosure 1 are 10 to 25% less degraded than those of the enclosure 2.
  • the pieces of smelt of the chamber 2 are 10 to 20% more degraded than those of the chamber 1.
  • a second test was performed. It is more subjective, but it is clear that the fish kept under ionization are in a better general state (better appearance, less strong smell, fresher texture, drying and hardening of the flesh much less pronounced).
  • the number of ionizers to use and the flow of negative ion production to use depend on the volume of the storage enclosure and the mass of fish to be conserved.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a food storage method, wherein the food is stored in an enclosure provided with one or more ionizing devices according to the invention.
  • ionizing devices preferably an ionizing device according to the invention.
  • the bagging technique used consists in passing the goods in a tunnel, or chain, and treating them with chlorinated products for their preservation. Then the goods are bagged under vacuum.
  • an oxygen ion treatment O 2 - advantageously replaces treatments with chlorinated products.
  • Ion production O 2 - can be regulated by a system such as that described above in connection with Figure 7. Then take place the bagging operations, as they are currently known.

Claims (43)

  1. Einrichtung zur Erzeugung on Ionen zum Einsatz in gasförmigen Medien mit
    - einer oder mehreren Nadeln (40, 85, 86, 87), bestehend aus einem Körper (40.1) und einer Emissionsspitze (40.2),
    - Mitteln (44, 46, 70,72, 74, 76, 78, 80) zum Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen zwei Zonen am Körper jeder Nadel,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch,
    dass sie einen Schutzmantel (42) aus Verbundwerkstoff besitzt, der eine ungesättigte Polyesterverbindung enthält, mit Glasfasern verstärkt ist und den Körper (40.1) jeder Nadel umschließt.
  2. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, bei welcher die äußere Form des Schutzmantels (42) zylindrisch ist.
  3. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welcher eine oder mehrere Nadeln aus Titan oder Platin oder aus einer Titan- und Platinverbindung, oder aus Silber, oder aus Edelstahl, oder aus Messing, oder aus Nickel, oder aus einer Legierung dieser Werkstoffe sind.
  4. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, bei welcher jede Nadel (40, 85, 86, 87) aus Titan, oder aus Platin, oder aus einer Titan-Platin-Verbindung sind.
  5. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welcher jede Emissionsspitze (40.2) mit einem Goldfilm überzogen ist.
  6. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei welcher der Glasgehalt des Verbundwerkstoffs 50 % bis 90 % des Gesamtgewichts des Werkstoffs beträgt.
  7. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher der Verbundwerkstoff außerdem Glimmer enthält.
  8. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei welcher jede Nadel (40) in dem sie umgebenden Schutzmantel (42) fest gelegt ist, so dass sie an ihm weder reiben noch sich verschieben kann.
  9. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei welcher die Mittel zum Anlegen einer Spannung zwischen zwei Zonen am Körper jeder Nadel zwei Platten besitzen, die in unterschiedlicher Höhe auf der Verbundwerkstoff-Schutzhülle angeordnet sind, sowie Mittel (70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80), mit denen zwischen diesen beiden Platten eine Hochspannung angelegt werden kann.
  10. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 9, bei welcher eine der beiden Platten (44) eine Unterlage (44) für jede einzelne Nadel (40) bildet, die derart ohne jede Möglichkeit von Reibung festgelegt ist.
  11. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10, bei welcher eine der beiden Platten mit einer integrierten Hochspannungsquelle (70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80) versehen ist.
  12. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11, bei welcher die integrierte Hochspannungsquelle Mittel zur Erzeugung einer ersten Spannung (V1) besitzt, sowie Mittel zur Vervielfachung dieser ersten Spannung, um die gewünschte Hochspannung (V2) zu erzeugen.
  13. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11 oder 12, bei welcher die Hochspannung mit SMD-Bausteinen realisiert wird.
  14. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 mit mehreren Nadeln, bei welcher jede Nadel mit einem Schutzmantel umgeben ist und die Schutzmäntel paarweise miteinander verbunden sind.
  15. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 14, bei welcher die Schutzmäntel mit Hilfe einer aus dem gleichen Werkstoff wie die Schutzmäntel bestehenden Platte (60) paarweise gekoppelt sind.
  16. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 15, bei welcher die beiden Schutzmäntel und die Platte einen einzigen Block bilden.
  17. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei die Einrichtung in ein Kunststoffgehäuse (51) eingefügt ist.
  18. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 17, bei welcher der Kunststoff keine Spuren metallischer Substanzen enthält.
  19. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 oder 18, bei welcher der Kunststoff einen spezifischen Widerstand zwischen 104 und 1012 Ωm besitzt.
  20. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, bei welcher das Gehäuse innen mit einer antistatischen Beschichtung versehen ist.
  21. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, bei welcher der Gehäusewerkstoff mit Additiven behandelt wurde, die ihm antistatische Eigenschaften verleihen.
  22. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 21, bei welcher das Gehäuse aus zwei Schalen mit Schraubenschächten (56) besteht.
  23. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 22, die außerdem Mittel zum Verschließen der Schraubenschächte (56) nach dem Zusammenfügen der beiden Schalen besitzt.
  24. Einrichtung gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23, die außerdem Mittel (82, 94) zur Regelung der zwischen den beiden Zonen des Körpers jeder Nadel angelegten Spannung besitzt.
  25. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 24, bei welcher die Mittel zur Spannungsregelung Systeme (82) zur Messung einer von der Einrichtung erzeugten Ionenmenge besitzen, sowie Systeme (94) zum Vergleich der erzeugten Ionenmenge mit einer notwendigen theoretischen Menge, sowie Systeme zur Änderung der angelegten Spannung in Abhängigkeit von dem Ergebnis des Vergleichs der erzeugten Ionenmenge mit der notwendigen Ionenmenge.
  26. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 25, bei welcher die theoretisch notwendige Ionenmenge anhand eines korrigierten Volumens ermittelt wird, in dem das tatsächliche Volumen des Raumes, in dem der Ionengenerator installiert ist, sowie der Inhalt des Raumes und/oder seiner Umgebung berücksichtigt werden.
  27. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 24 oder 25, bei der die zur Änderung der angelegten Spannung verwandten Mittel automatisch arbeiten oder von Hand gestellt werden.
  28. Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 27 mit einem Ionendetektor, welcher folgende Systeme besitzt:
    - Mittel (112) zum Einfangen der Ionen oder einer Ionenmenge aus der Atmosphäre,
    - Mittel (114, 122) zur Anzeige der Gegenwart von Ionen,
    - Mittel (100, 110) zum Umschalten der Anzeigesysteme der Gegenwart von Ionen in Abhängigkeit von der Menge der mit den Ionenfängern (112) eingefangenen Ionenmenge.
  29. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 28, bei der die Mittel zum Umschalten (100, 110) einen Transistor (104) besitzen, der beim Umschalten von einer Spannungsquelle polarisiert wird.
  30. Verwendung einer oder mehrerer ionisierenden Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 zur Fertigung eines beweglichen oder unbeweglichen Tierkäfigs.
  31. Verwendung eines oder mehrerer ionisierender Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 zur Herstellung eines Tierkäfigs.
  32. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 32, wobei der Käfig aus Kunststoff oder aus Verbund-Polymerwerkstoff ist.
  33. Verwendung eines mit einer Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 versehenen Behälters zur Herstellung einer Speicheranlage für Nahrungsmittel.
  34. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 33, wobei der Behälter ein Kühlschrank, eine Kühltheke oder eine Kühlvitrine ist.
  35. Verwendung einer ionisierenden Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 zur Herstellung eines Transportmittels.
  36. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 35, wobei das Transportmittel ein Kraftfahrzeug, ein Schienenfahrzeug oder ein Luftfahrzeug ist.
  37. Vakuum-Einsackverfahren für Nahrungsmittel mit folgenden Schritten :
    - Es werden ein oder mehrere Ströme negativer Sauerstoffionen mit Hilfe der Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 erzeugt,
    - die einzusackenden Nahrungsmittel werden diesem Ionenstrom ausgesetzt,
    - die Nahrungsmittel werden unter Vakuum eingesackt.
  38. Speicherverfahren für Nahrungsmittel, bei welchem man Nahrungsmittel in einem mit einer ionisierenden Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 versehenen Raum zwischenlagert und dabei mit der ionisierenden Einrichtung einen negativen Ionenstrom erzeugt.
  39. Speicherverfahren für Nahrungsmittel gemäß Anspruch 38, wobei es sich bei den Nahrungsmitteln um Fleisch, Fisch oder Gemüse handelt.
  40. Raumluft-Behandlungsverfahren bei welchem eine Einrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29 eingesetzt wird.
  41. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 40, wobei der Raum ein Grau- oder Reinraum, ein Rechnersaal, ein Saal mit EDV- oder elektronischen Geräten oder ein Krankenhaussaal ist.
  42. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 40, wobei der Raum eine Tierzuchtanlage ist.
  43. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 40, wobei der Raum ein Bereich oder eine Fertigungshalle für die Nahrungsmittelproduktion ist.
EP00936976A 1999-05-31 2000-05-30 Ionengeneratorvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1190473B1 (de)

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FR9907020A FR2794295B1 (fr) 1999-05-31 1999-05-31 Dispositif generateur d'ions
PCT/FR2000/001477 WO2000074188A1 (fr) 1999-05-31 2000-05-30 Dispositif generateur d'ions

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EG22554A (en) 2003-03-31
JP2003501788A (ja) 2003-01-14
AR024148A1 (es) 2002-09-04
EP1190473A1 (de) 2002-03-27
AU5228200A (en) 2000-12-18
WO2000074188A1 (fr) 2000-12-07
BR0011587A (pt) 2002-03-19
US6735830B1 (en) 2004-05-18
DE60034040T2 (de) 2008-08-21

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