EP1185786B1 - Injector for high-pressure fuel injection - Google Patents

Injector for high-pressure fuel injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1185786B1
EP1185786B1 EP00988600A EP00988600A EP1185786B1 EP 1185786 B1 EP1185786 B1 EP 1185786B1 EP 00988600 A EP00988600 A EP 00988600A EP 00988600 A EP00988600 A EP 00988600A EP 1185786 B1 EP1185786 B1 EP 1185786B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
sleeve
pressure
nozzle
nozzle needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00988600A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1185786A2 (en
Inventor
Jaroslaw Hlousek
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1185786A2 publication Critical patent/EP1185786A2/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure

Definitions

  • Injectors for fuel under extremely high pressure have a Injection controlling slide on, as well as in the combustion chamber of a Internal combustion engine protruding nozzle needle.
  • Injection controlling slide on as well as in the combustion chamber of a Internal combustion engine protruding nozzle needle.
  • solenoid valves which are shortest Activation times can be realized.
  • the prior art injectors for internal combustion engines have become known that can be equipped with multi-way valves.
  • solenoid valves are used to control the injectors, with which can achieve very short switching times.
  • the injectors in certain injector areas are subjected to pressures of up to 1600 bar, to inject in extremely high-compression diesel engines Achieve arise on the surfaces where moving parts Relative movements occur and on the components, the maximum pressure chambers of those with relatively lower pressures, leakage losses.
  • the leakage losses occur from injection process to injection process and can, for example, the needle diameter and on Adjust spool diameter.
  • Leakage losses of fuel in the Combustion chamber of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine can for so-called “Afterdieseln” after switching off the internal combustion engine lead, if For example, at the opening into the combustion chamber nozzle needle leakage losses occur. At the opposite end of the injector, the leakage losses can on the other hand, just as well, for example on serving as a 2/2-way valve Magnetic valve.
  • a fuel injector wherein the movement of a valve needle by a limiting element with a sleeve-shaped projecting into the control room Approach is completed is described in EP-A 1 338 788 published later.
  • About a second Control room affects the fuel with system pressure on the limiting element. The fuel pressure is controlled by a valve.
  • the subject of the later published WO-A 01/29407 is a control valve for injectors of injection systems for internal combustion engines.
  • an actuator closes, which is made by an actuator via a hydraulic translation, an opening a firmly pressed into the housing sleeve.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an injector body which on the inlet side with a common high-pressure collecting chamber (common rail) is connected and also via a non-pressure drain line with a storage tank communicates.
  • a common high-pressure collecting chamber common rail
  • the injector body 1 is extending from one in its axial direction Traversed bore, in which a sleeve 2 is inserted.
  • the sleeve 2 in turn is provided with an axial bore 17 and is in two diameter ranges with subdivided relative to the injector body different game.
  • a first Diameter range 4 which is located in the injector body 1 by a start-up throttle 16 in the upper area to a bow seat stop 11 in the region of the nozzle. 5 extends, the sleeve 2 in the injector 1 has a game of> 0.01 mm, wherein the Diameter of the bore 17 in the axially extending sleeve in the area of 1.5mm.
  • the sleeve 2 is stored almost free of play and that with a game of ⁇ 0.01 mm, which is very demanding on the Concentricity and the quality of the machining of the sleeve component 2 provides.
  • the sleeve 2 receiving the injector body 1 has at its in the combustion chamber an internal combustion engine projecting area a nozzle 5, which in turn encloses a nozzle needle 8.
  • the nozzle 5 can by means of a dashed line aligned centering pin 25 are aligned relative to the injector body 1, besides using a centering pin 25 for alignment as well other centering bodies can be used.
  • In the upper area of the Injector body 1 is designed as a solenoid valve 6 2/2-way valve executed.
  • the solenoid valve 6 acts on a ball valve 15, which arranged above the recessed into the injector 1 sleeve 2, whose Throttle opening 16 closes.
  • the solenoid valve 6 is connected via a control unit 19 controllable, which is indicated only schematically in Figure 1 with the solenoid valve. 6 is connected and this controls.
  • the application of the injector body 1 of the injector for the injection of Fuel at maximum pressures of more than 1600 bar takes place via a Inlet line 20.
  • About the high-pressure inlet 20 starting from the High-pressure accumulator 22 (common rail) are the high-pressure accumulator 22nd via the inlet mouth 20.1 and the adjoining bore 20.2 in Injector body 1 with each other in conjunction.
  • From a storage tank 24 is Fuel by means of a high-pressure pump 23 in the high-pressure accumulation chamber 22nd from which the individual branch off to the various injectors High-pressure feeds 20 are included.
  • the high-pressure accumulator 22 can via the high-pressure accumulator 22 (common rail)
  • four injectors on an internal combustion engine with under extreme supplied with high pressure fuel It's natural, of course readily possible at the high-pressure reservoir 22 and branches to six or eight injectors for 6- or 8-cylinder internal combustion engines provided.
  • the Solenoid valve 6 which at the ball seat 15, the outlet throttle 16 of the sleeve. 2 closes or releases again when energized.
  • a well-defined Solenoid valve control amount of fuel through this opening 16 of the axially extending sleeve 2 in the through the valve closing spring 7 above the Ball seat 15 filled free space.
  • the solenoid valve control quantity passes through the bore 18 via the non-pressurized drain, designed as a separate Bore in the injector body 1 back into the storage tank 24; the Solenoid valve control amount is therefore no loss in this sense, since they again in the fuel delivery taking over part of the injection system can occur.
  • Nozzle needle control chamber 12 is formed, which in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale is reproduced.
  • the nozzle needle control chamber 12 is on the one hand by the control room side End face of the sleeve 2 limited, on the other hand by the nozzle opening remote end of the nozzle needle 8.
  • In the nozzle needle control chamber 12 opens the Branch 13 of the high pressure line 20.2, starting the injector body 1 from the mouth 20.1 pervades.
  • the high pressure bore 20.2 extends the nozzle 5 tapered by the injector body 1, for example, by a Centering pin 25 can be aligned with the nozzle 5.
  • Nozzle needle diameter 9 is the nozzle needle diameter 14 executed enlarged at the end of the nozzle needle 8.
  • the 2/2-way valve - preferably designed as a fast switching solenoid valve is de-energized and the system pressure, i. of the High pressure of the high-pressure accumulator 22 is not present at the injector body 1, presses the closing spring 7 above the ball seat 15 in the injector body. 1 movably mounted sleeve 2 in the direction of the nozzle needle seat 9. This is the nozzle needle 8 is pressed onto the nozzle needle seat 9, so that the opening for The combustion chamber remains closed and it does not lead to the unwanted escape of Fuel, i. can come to the "diesel".
  • the injector with the am High-pressure accumulator 22 pending high pressure of more than 1600 bar acted upon enters the fuel through the inlet port 20.1 in the Inlet bore 20.2 of the injector body 1 a.
  • the fuel is then on the one hand on the nozzle needle seat 9, on the other hand acting as an inlet throttle 13 Opening also at the nozzle needle control room 12.
  • the solenoid valve 6 By controlling the solenoid valve 6 via the control unit 19 of the Ball seat 15 which acts as a drain throttle 16 opening at the top of in the injector body 1 inserted sleeve 2 free.
  • the opening 16 is larger dimensioned as the branch 13 of the high-pressure bore 20.2, wherein the Branch 13 opens into the nozzle needle control chamber 12 and acts as a throttle.
  • the pressure in the nozzle needle control chamber 12 and the nozzle needle 8 decreases moves with its end portion on the front side 10 of the sleeve 2 added.
  • the nozzle needle 8 releases the nozzle needle seat 9 - the injection into the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine begins.
  • the injection end is thereby brought about that via the control unit 19, the energization of the solenoid valve. 6 will be annulled.
  • the ball seat 15 closes the outlet throttle 16, the Solenoid valve control amount is via the pressureless drain 18 via the Retaining spring 7 receiving free space fed back into the storage tank 24.
  • the bore 17 in the sleeve 2 which extends through the injector body 1 is designed in a diameter ⁇ 1.5 mm, the high Flow velocity in the bore 17 in a high pressure wave converted, which acts as a pressure increase in the nozzle needle control chamber 12.
  • higher pressure acts on the end portion of the Nozzle needle 8
  • the by the "hammer pipe effect" in the nozzle needle control chamber 12 suddenly increased pressure is greater than the am Nozzle needle seat 9 anyway pending continuous high pressure of High pressure header 20.1, i.e. as the pressure in the common rail. This provides in the injector 1, the closing of the nozzle opening in the combustion chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Technisches Gebiet:Technical area:

Injektoren für unter extrem hohem Druck stehendem Kraftstoff weisen einen den Einspritzvorgang steuernden Schieber auf, sowie ein in die Brennkammer einer Brennkraftmaschine hineinragende Düsennadel. Zur Ansteuerung der Injektoren werden diese in der Regel mit Magnetventilen bestückt, mit denen sich kürzeste Ansteuerzeiten verwirklichen lassen.Injectors for fuel under extremely high pressure have a Injection controlling slide on, as well as in the combustion chamber of a Internal combustion engine protruding nozzle needle. For controlling the injectors These are usually equipped with solenoid valves, which are shortest Activation times can be realized.

Stand der Technik:State of the art:

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Injektoren für Brennkraftmaschinen bekanntgeworden, die mit Mehrwegeventilen ausgestattet sein können. In der Regel werden zur Ansteuerung der Injektoren Magnetventile verwendet, mit denen sich sehr kurze Schaltzeiten erzielen lassen. Da die Injektoren in bestimmten Injektorbereichen mit Drücken bis zu 1600 bar beaufschlagt werden, um bei extrem hoch verdichtenden Dieselmotoren einen Einspritzvorgang zu erzielen, entstehen an den Flächen, an denen durch bewegte Teile Relativbewegungen auftreten und an den Bauteilen, die Höchstdruckräumen von solchen mit relativ dazu gesehen niedrigeren Drücken trennen, Leckageverluste. Die Leckageverluste treten von Einspritzvorgang zu Einspritzvorgang auf und können sich beispielsweise am Nadeldurchmesser und am Steuerschieberdurchmesser einstellen. Leckageverluste von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum der Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine können zum sogenannten "Nachdieseln" nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine führen, wenn beispielsweise an der in den Brennraum mündenden Düsennadel Leckageverluste auftreten. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Injektors können sich die Leckageverluste hingegen ebensogut einstellen, etwa am als 2/2-Wege-Ventil dienenden Magnetventil.The prior art injectors for internal combustion engines have become known that can be equipped with multi-way valves. In the As a rule, solenoid valves are used to control the injectors, with which can achieve very short switching times. Because the injectors in certain injector areas are subjected to pressures of up to 1600 bar, to inject in extremely high-compression diesel engines Achieve arise on the surfaces where moving parts Relative movements occur and on the components, the maximum pressure chambers of those with relatively lower pressures, leakage losses. The leakage losses occur from injection process to injection process and can, for example, the needle diameter and on Adjust spool diameter. Leakage losses of fuel in the Combustion chamber of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine can for so-called "Afterdieseln" after switching off the internal combustion engine lead, if For example, at the opening into the combustion chamber nozzle needle leakage losses occur. At the opposite end of the injector, the leakage losses can on the other hand, just as well, for example on serving as a 2/2-way valve Magnetic valve.

Ein Kraftstoffinjektor, bei dem die Bewegung einer Ventilnadel durch ein Begrenzungselement mit einem in den Steuerraum hineinragenden hülsenförmigen Ansatz beendet wird, ist in der später veröffentlichten EP-A 1 338 788 beschrieben. Über einen zweiten Steuerraum wirkt der Kraftstoff mit Systemdruck auf das Begrenzungselement. Der Kraftstoffdruck wird dabei durch ein Ventil gesteuert.A fuel injector, wherein the movement of a valve needle by a limiting element with a sleeve-shaped projecting into the control room Approach is completed is described in EP-A 1 338 788 published later. About a second Control room affects the fuel with system pressure on the limiting element. The fuel pressure is controlled by a valve.

Gegenstand der später veröffentlichten WO-A 01/29407 ist ein Steuerventil für Injektoren von Einspritzsystemen für Brennkraftmaschinen. In dem Steuerventil verschließt ein Stellglied, das von einem Aktor über eine hydraulische Übersetzung getätigt wird, eine Öffnung einer fest in das Gehäuse eingepressten Hülse.The subject of the later published WO-A 01/29407 is a control valve for injectors of injection systems for internal combustion engines. In the control valve, an actuator closes, which is made by an actuator via a hydraulic translation, an opening a firmly pressed into the housing sleeve.

Darstellung der Erfindung:Presentation of the invention:

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Injektorlösung für höchste Kraftstoffeinspritzdrücke lassen sich Leckageverluste von Einspritzvorgang zu Einspritzvorgang am Düsennadelsitz wirksam verhindern. Die im Bereich der Drossel am magnetseitigen Ende des Injektors auftretenden Verluste stellen lediglich sogenannte Magnetventilsteuermengenverluste dar, die über eine Rücklaufleitung wieder in den Vorratstank zurückgefördert werden können. Ist der Injektor nicht dem Systemdruck unterworfen, so wird durch eine am Magnetventil aufgenommene Schließfeder sichergestellt, daß die Hülse und die Düsennadel in Richtung auf den Düsennadelsitz gedrückt werden und dieser gegen den Brennraum abgeschlossen bleibt. Wird der Injektor hingegen mit Systemdruck beaufschlagt, so ermöglicht der durch den Abzweig in den Düsennadelsteuerraum unter Höchstdruck eintretende Kraftstoff, daß die in den Düsennadelsteuerraum hineinragende Düsennadel an ihrer Stirnseite ebenfalls mit dem hohen Kraftstoffsystemdruck beaufschlagt ist. Da der Durch messer an der Düsennadel an dem steuerraumseitigen Ende größer bemessen ist als am Düsennadelsitz, wird durch die Beaufschlagung des Düsennadelsteuerraums am Ende des Injektorkörpers eine Abdichtwirkung an der Seite der Düse erzielt.With the injector solution according to the invention for highest fuel injection pressures Leakage losses can be from injection to injection at the nozzle needle seat effectively prevent. The in the throttle on the magnet side End of the injector losses occur only so-called solenoid valve control loss which is returned to the storage tank via a return line can be promoted back. If the injector is not subject to system pressure, this is ensured by a closing spring accommodated on the solenoid valve, that the sleeve and the nozzle needle in the direction of the nozzle needle seat be pressed and this is completed against the combustion chamber. Becomes the injector, however, subjected to system pressure, so allows the by the Branching into the nozzle needle control chamber under maximum pressure entering fuel, in that the nozzle needle protruding into the nozzle needle control chamber is at its end face is also acted upon by the high fuel system pressure. Since the through knife on the nozzle needle at the control room end end is sized larger than at the nozzle needle seat, is by the admission of the nozzle needle control room at the end of the injector body a sealing action on the side of the nozzle achieved.

Erst bei Bestromung des im Injektorkörper aufgenommenen Magnetventils folgt eine Drucksenkung im Düsennadelsteuerraum. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, daß die Drosselöffnung magnetventilseitig mit größeren Durchmesser versehen ist, als die Zulaufdrossel zum Düsennadelsteuerraum am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Injektorkörpers. Der Druck im Düsennadelsteuerraum zwischen dem stirnseitigen Ende der Hülse und dem gegenüberliegenden Ende der Düsennadel sinkt ab, die Düsennadel wird durch den am Düsenende nach wie vor anstehenden Hochdruck auf die steuerraumseitige Stirnfläche der Hülse zubewegt, der Einspritzvorgang beginnt. Das Ende des Einspritzvorgangs erfolgt durch einen in der Axialbohrung der Hülse sich einstellenden Druckstoß nach Aufhebung der Bestromung des Magnetventils. Die nach Schließen des Magnetventils in der Axialbohrung der Hülse sich einstellende Druckwelle pflanzt sich durch diese bis in den Düsennadelsteuerraum fort und bewirkt ein blitzartiges Andrücken der Düsennadel an ihren Sitz am brennraumseitigen Ende der Düse. Diese auch als "hammer pipe effect" bezeichnete Druckerhöhung wirkt auf die dem Düsennadelsteuerraum zugewandte Seite der Düsennadel ein, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser der Düsennadel am Düsennadelsitz. Die Düsennadel verschließt die Düsenöffnung durch die Druckerhöhung in der Hülse derart blitzartig, daß die Leckageverluste auf die Magnetventilsteuermenge begrenzt bleiben.Only when energizing the recorded in the injector solenoid valve follows a pressure reduction in the nozzle needle control room. This is achieved by the Throttle opening solenoid valve side is provided with larger diameter than the Inlet throttle to the nozzle needle control chamber at the opposite end of the injector body. The pressure in the nozzle needle control chamber between the frontal End of the sleeve and the opposite end of the nozzle needle drops, the Nozzle needle is affected by the high pressure at the end of the nozzle moved towards the control room-side end face of the sleeve, the injection process starts. The end of the injection process is carried out by a in the axial bore the sleeve self-adjusting pressure shock after canceling the energization of the Solenoid valve. After closing the solenoid valve in the axial bore of the Sleeve adjusting pressure wave propagates through this until the Düsennadelsteuerraum continues and causes a flash-like pressing the Nozzle needle to its seat at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle. This as well "hammer pipe effect" designated increase in pressure acts on the Düsennadelsteuerraum facing side of the nozzle needle, whose diameter larger than the diameter of the nozzle needle on the nozzle needle seat. The Nozzle needle closes the nozzle opening by the pressure increase in the sleeve such a flash, that the leakage losses on the solenoid valve control stay limited.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Lösung ist in dem Umstand zu erblicken, daß nur eine minimale Anzahl von Bauteilen am Injektor benötigt wird, im wesentlichen handelt es sich um die Düse, das Steuerventil, die Hülse und den Inj ektorkörper.Another advantage of the inventively provided solution is in the Circumstance to behold that only a minimal number of components on the injector is needed, essentially it is the nozzle, the control valve, the Sleeve and the Inj ektorkörper.

Zeichnung:Drawing:

Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachstehend näher erläutert.Reference to the drawings, the invention will be explained in more detail below.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den Injektorkörper, der zulaufseitig mit dem Hochdrucksammelraum und ablaufseitig mit dem Vorratstank verbunden ist und
Figur 2
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Düsennadelsteuerraums zwischen der den Injektorkörper durchsetzenden Hülse und der Düsennadel.
It shows:
FIG. 1
a longitudinal section through the injector, which is connected to the inlet side with the high-pressure accumulation chamber and the outlet side with the storage tank and
FIG. 2
an enlarged view of the nozzle needle control chamber between the injector body passing through the sleeve and the nozzle needle.

Ausführungsvarianten:Models:

In Figur 1 ist ein Längsschnitt durch einen Injektorkörper dargestellt, der zulaufseitig mit einem gemeinsamen Hochdrucksammelraum (common rail) verbunden ist und ferner über eine drucklose Ablaufleitung mit einem Vorratstank in Verbindung steht.FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an injector body which on the inlet side with a common high-pressure collecting chamber (common rail) is connected and also via a non-pressure drain line with a storage tank communicates.

Der Injektorkörper 1 ist von einer sich in seiner axialen Richtung erstreckenden Bohrung durchzogen, in die eine Hülse 2 eingelassen ist. Die Hülse 2 ihrerseits ist mit einer axialen Bohrung 17 versehen und ist in zwei Durchmesserbereiche mit relativ zum Injektorkörper unterschiedlichem Spiel unterteilbar. In einem ersten Durchmesserbereich 4, der sich im Injektorkörper 1 von einer Anlaufdrossel 16 im oberen Bereich zu einem Kegelsitzanschlag 11 im Bereich der Düse 5 erstreckt, hat die Hülse 2 im Injektorkörper 1 ein Spiel von > 0,01 mm, wobei der Durchmesser der Bohrung 17 in der sich axial erstreckenden Hülse im Bereich von 1,5mm liegt.The injector body 1 is extending from one in its axial direction Traversed bore, in which a sleeve 2 is inserted. The sleeve 2 in turn is provided with an axial bore 17 and is in two diameter ranges with subdivided relative to the injector body different game. In a first Diameter range 4, which is located in the injector body 1 by a start-up throttle 16 in the upper area to a bow seat stop 11 in the region of the nozzle. 5 extends, the sleeve 2 in the injector 1 has a game of> 0.01 mm, wherein the Diameter of the bore 17 in the axially extending sleeve in the area of 1.5mm.

Im sich vom Kegelsitzanschlag 11 bis zur Hülsenstirnseite erstreckenden Durchmesserbereich 3 ist die Hülse 2 annähernd spielfrei gelagert und zwar mit einem Spiel von <0,01 mm, was sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Rundlaufgenauigkeit und die Bearbeitungsgüte des Hülsenbauteils 2 stellt.Im extending from the conical seat stop 11 to the sleeve end face Diameter range 3, the sleeve 2 is stored almost free of play and that with a game of <0.01 mm, which is very demanding on the Concentricity and the quality of the machining of the sleeve component 2 provides.

Der die Hülse 2 aufnehmende Injektorkörper 1 weist an seinem in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine hineinragenden Bereich eine Düse 5 auf, die ihrerseits eine Düsennadel 8 umschließt. Die Düse 5 kann mittels eines gestrichelt dargestellten Zentrierstiftes 25 relativ zum Injektorkörper 1 ausgerichtet werden, wobei neben der Verwendung eines Zentrierstiftes 25 zur Ausrichtung auch andere Zentrierkörper verwendet werden können. Im oberen Bereich des Injektorkörpers 1 ist ein als Magnetventil 6 ausgebildetes 2/2-Wege-Ventil ausgeführt. Das Magnetventil 6 wirkt auf ein Kugelventil 15 ein, welches oberhalb der in den Injektorkörper 1 eingelassenen Hülse 2 angeordnet, deren Drosselöffnung 16 verschließt. Das Magnetventil 6 ist über eine Steuereinheit 19 ansteuerbar, die in Figur 1 nur schematisch angedeutet mit dem Magnetventil 6 verbunden ist und dieses ansteuert.The sleeve 2 receiving the injector body 1 has at its in the combustion chamber an internal combustion engine projecting area a nozzle 5, which in turn encloses a nozzle needle 8. The nozzle 5 can by means of a dashed line aligned centering pin 25 are aligned relative to the injector body 1, besides using a centering pin 25 for alignment as well other centering bodies can be used. In the upper area of the Injector body 1 is designed as a solenoid valve 6 2/2-way valve executed. The solenoid valve 6 acts on a ball valve 15, which arranged above the recessed into the injector 1 sleeve 2, whose Throttle opening 16 closes. The solenoid valve 6 is connected via a control unit 19 controllable, which is indicated only schematically in Figure 1 with the solenoid valve. 6 is connected and this controls.

Die Beaufschlagung des Injektorkörpers 1 des Injektors für die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff unter Höchstdrücken von mehr als 1600 bar erfolgt über eine Zulaufleitung 20. Über den Hochdruckzulauf 20 ausgehend vom Hochdrucksammelraum 22 (common rail) stehen der Hochdrucksammelraum 22 über die Zulaufmündung 20.1 und die sich daran anschließende Bohrung 20.2 im Injektorkörper 1 miteinander in Verbindung. Aus einem Vorratstank 24 wird Kraftstoff mittels einer Hochdruckpumpe 23 in den Hochdrucksammelraum 22 gefördert, von dem die einzelnen an die verschiedenen Injektoren abzweigenden Hochdruckzuläufe 20 aufgenommen sind. In der dargestellten Ausführungsvariante können über den Hochdrucksammelraum 22 (common rail) beispielsweise vier Injektoren an einer Brennkraftmaschine mit unter extrem hohem Druck stehendem Kraftstoff versorgt werden. Daneben ist es natürlich ohne weiteres möglich am Hochdrucksammelraum 22 auch Abzweige zu sechs oder auch acht Injektoren für 6- oder 8-Zylinder Brennkraftmaschinen vorzusehen.The application of the injector body 1 of the injector for the injection of Fuel at maximum pressures of more than 1600 bar takes place via a Inlet line 20. About the high-pressure inlet 20 starting from the High-pressure accumulator 22 (common rail) are the high-pressure accumulator 22nd via the inlet mouth 20.1 and the adjoining bore 20.2 in Injector body 1 with each other in conjunction. From a storage tank 24 is Fuel by means of a high-pressure pump 23 in the high-pressure accumulation chamber 22nd from which the individual branch off to the various injectors High-pressure feeds 20 are included. In the illustrated Embodiment variant can via the high-pressure accumulator 22 (common rail) For example, four injectors on an internal combustion engine with under extreme supplied with high pressure fuel. It's natural, of course readily possible at the high-pressure reservoir 22 and branches to six or eight injectors for 6- or 8-cylinder internal combustion engines provided.

Im oberen Bereich des Injektorkörpers 1 befindet sich das bereits erwähnte Magnetventil 6, welches am Kugelsitz 15 die Ablaufdrossel 16 der Hülse 2 verschließt bzw. bei Bestromung wieder freigibt. Bei der Freigabe der Ablaufdrossel 16 durch das Magnetventil 6 tritt eine wohldefinierte Magnetventilsteuermenge an Kraftstoff durch diese Öffnung 16 der sich axial erstreckenden Hülse 2 in den durch die Ventilschließfeder 7 oberhalb des Kugelsitzes 15 ausgefüllten Freiraum. Die Magnetventilsteuermenge gelangt durch die Bohrung 18 über den drucklosen Ablauf, ausgeführt als separate Bohrung im Injektorkörper 1 wieder zurück in den Vorratstank 24; die Magnetventilsteuermenge stellt daher in diesem Sinne keinen Verlust dar, da sie wieder in den die Kraftstofförderung übernehmenden Teil des Einspritzsystems eintreten kann.In the upper part of the injector body 1 is the already mentioned Solenoid valve 6, which at the ball seat 15, the outlet throttle 16 of the sleeve. 2 closes or releases again when energized. When releasing the Outlet throttle 16 through the solenoid valve 6 occurs a well-defined Solenoid valve control amount of fuel through this opening 16 of the axially extending sleeve 2 in the through the valve closing spring 7 above the Ball seat 15 filled free space. The solenoid valve control quantity passes through the bore 18 via the non-pressurized drain, designed as a separate Bore in the injector body 1 back into the storage tank 24; the Solenoid valve control amount is therefore no loss in this sense, since they again in the fuel delivery taking over part of the injection system can occur.

Zum Verschließen der Düse 5 im Bereich des Düsennadelsitzes 9 dient eine zwischen Magnetventil 6 und Kugelsitz 15 aufgenommene Feder 7, die die Kugel gegen die Ablaufdrossel 16 am oberen Ende der im Injektorkörper 1 aufgenommenen Hülse 2 drückt. Am unteren Ende des Injektorkörpers 1 ist der Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 ausgebildet, der in Figur 2 in vergrößertem Maßstab wiedergegeben ist.For closing the nozzle 5 in the region of the nozzle needle seat 9 serves a between solenoid valve 6 and ball seat 15 recorded spring 7, the ball against the outlet throttle 16 at the upper end of the injector 1 absorbed sleeve 2 presses. At the lower end of the injector body 1 is the Nozzle needle control chamber 12 is formed, which in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale is reproduced.

Der Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 wird einerseits durch die steuerraumseitige Stirnfläche der Hülse 2 begrenzt, andererseits durch das der Düsenöffnung abgewandte Ende der Düsennadel 8. In den Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 mündet der Abzweig 13 von der Hochdruckleitung 20.2, die den Injektorkörper 1 ausgehend von der Mündung 20.1 durchzieht. Die Hochdruckbohrung 20.2 erstreckt sich auf die Düse 5 zulaufend durch den Injektorkörper 1, der beispielsweise durch einen Zentrierstift 25 zur Düse 5 ausgerichtet werden kann. Verglichen mit dem Düsennadeldurchmesser 9 (vergleiche Figur 1) ist der Düsennadeldurchmesser 14 am Ende der Düsennadel 8 vergrößert ausgeführt.The nozzle needle control chamber 12 is on the one hand by the control room side End face of the sleeve 2 limited, on the other hand by the nozzle opening remote end of the nozzle needle 8. In the nozzle needle control chamber 12 opens the Branch 13 of the high pressure line 20.2, starting the injector body 1 from the mouth 20.1 pervades. The high pressure bore 20.2 extends the nozzle 5 tapered by the injector body 1, for example, by a Centering pin 25 can be aligned with the nozzle 5. Compared with that Nozzle needle diameter 9 (see FIG. 1) is the nozzle needle diameter 14 executed enlarged at the end of the nozzle needle 8.

Die Funktionsweise des in den Figuren 1 und 2 näher beschriebenen Injektors gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung stellt sich nun wie folgt dar: The operation of the injector described in more detail in Figures 1 and 2 according to the present invention is now as follows:

Solange das 2/2-Wege-Ventil - vorzugsweise ausgebildet als ein schnell schaltendes Magnetventil- nicht bestromt ist und der Systemdruck, d.h. der Hochdruck des Hochdrucksammelraums 22 nicht am Injektorkörper 1 ansteht, drückt die Schließfeder 7 oberhalb des Kugelsitzes 15 die im Injektorkörper 1 bewegbar gelagerte Hülse 2 in Richtung auf den Düsennadelsitz 9. Dadurch wird die Düsennadel 8 auf den Düsennadelsitz 9 gedrückt, so daß deren Öffnung zum Brennraum verschlossen bleibt und es nicht zum ungewollten Austritt von Kraftstoff, d.h. zum "Nachdieseln" kommen kann.As long as the 2/2-way valve - preferably designed as a fast switching solenoid valve is de-energized and the system pressure, i. of the High pressure of the high-pressure accumulator 22 is not present at the injector body 1, presses the closing spring 7 above the ball seat 15 in the injector body. 1 movably mounted sleeve 2 in the direction of the nozzle needle seat 9. This is the nozzle needle 8 is pressed onto the nozzle needle seat 9, so that the opening for The combustion chamber remains closed and it does not lead to the unwanted escape of Fuel, i. can come to the "diesel".

Wird nach dem Start der Brennkraftmaschine der Injektor mit dem am Hochdrucksammelraum 22 anstehenden Hochdruck von mehr als 1600 bar beaufschlagt, tritt der Kraftstoff über die Zulaufmündung 20.1 in die Zulaufbohrung 20.2 des Injektorkörpers 1 ein. Der Kraftstoff steht dann einerseits am Düsennadelsitz 9 an, andererseits über eine als Zulaufdrossel 13 wirkende Öffnung auch am Düsennadelsteuerraum 12. Da der in den Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 hineinragende Durchmesser 14 des Endabschnitts der Düsennadel 8 größer bemessen ist als der Durchmesser der Düsennadel 8 am Düsennadelsitz 9, ist die im Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 erzeugte Schließkraft größer als die am Düsennadelsitz 9 erzeugte der Schließkraft entgegenwirkende hydraulische Kraft -die Öffnung der Düse 5 in die Brennkammer bleibt geschlossen.Is after the start of the internal combustion engine, the injector with the am High-pressure accumulator 22 pending high pressure of more than 1600 bar acted upon, enters the fuel through the inlet port 20.1 in the Inlet bore 20.2 of the injector body 1 a. The fuel is then on the one hand on the nozzle needle seat 9, on the other hand acting as an inlet throttle 13 Opening also at the nozzle needle control room 12. Since the in the Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 protruding diameter 14 of the end portion of the Nozzle needle 8 is sized larger than the diameter of the nozzle needle 8 am Nozzle needle seat 9, the closing force generated in the nozzle needle control chamber 12 greater than the force generated on the nozzle needle seat 9 of the closing force counteracting hydraulic force -the opening of the nozzle 5 remains in the combustion chamber closed.

Durch die Ansteuerung des Magnetventils 6 via Steuereinheit 19 gibt der Kugelsitz 15 die als Ablaufdrossel 16 wirkende Öffnung an der Oberseite der in den Injektorkörper 1 eingelassenen Hülse 2 frei. Die Öffnung 16 ist größer dimensioniert als der Abzweig 13 von der Hochdruckbohrung 20.2, wobei der Abzweig 13 in den Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 mündet und als Drossel wirkt. Dadurch sinkt der Druck im Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 und die Düsennadel 8 bewegt sich mit ihrem Endabschnitt auf die Stirnseite 10 der Hülse 2 hinzu. Dadurch gibt die Düsennadel 8 den Düsennadelsitz 9 frei - die Einspritzung in die Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine beginnt. Das Einspritzende wird dadurch herbeigeführt, daß über die Steuereinheit 19 die Bestromung des Magnetventils 6 aufgehoben wird. Der Kugelsitz 15 verschließt die Ablaufdrossel 16, die Magnetventilsteuermenge wird über den drucklosen Ablauf 18 via den die Schließfeder 7 aufnehmenden Freiraum in den Vorratstank 24 zurückgefördert.By controlling the solenoid valve 6 via the control unit 19 of the Ball seat 15 which acts as a drain throttle 16 opening at the top of in the injector body 1 inserted sleeve 2 free. The opening 16 is larger dimensioned as the branch 13 of the high-pressure bore 20.2, wherein the Branch 13 opens into the nozzle needle control chamber 12 and acts as a throttle. As a result, the pressure in the nozzle needle control chamber 12 and the nozzle needle 8 decreases moves with its end portion on the front side 10 of the sleeve 2 added. As a result, the nozzle needle 8 releases the nozzle needle seat 9 - the injection into the Combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine begins. The injection end is thereby brought about that via the control unit 19, the energization of the solenoid valve. 6 will be annulled. The ball seat 15 closes the outlet throttle 16, the Solenoid valve control amount is via the pressureless drain 18 via the Retaining spring 7 receiving free space fed back into the storage tank 24.

Da die Bohrung 17 in der Hülse 2, die sich durch den Injektorkörper 1 erstreckt, in einem Durchmesser <1,5 mm ausgeführt ist, wird die hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Bohrung 17 in eine hohe Druckwelle umgewandelt, die als Druckerhöhung in den Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 wirkt. Der dort schlagartig eintretende höhere Druck wirkt auf den Endabschnitt der Düsennadel 8 ein, genauer gesagt auf dessen Stirnfläche 14 und bewegt diese in Richtung auf den Düsennadelsitz 9 zu. Der durch den "hammer pipe effect" in dem Düsennadelsteuerraum 12 schlagartig erhöhte Druck ist größer als der am Düsennadelsitz 9 ohnehin anstehende kontinuierliche Hochdruck der Hochdrucksammelleitung 20.1, i.e. als der Druck im common rail. Dadurch stellt sich im Injektorkörper 1 das Schließen der Düsenöffnung in den Brennraum ein.Since the bore 17 in the sleeve 2, which extends through the injector body 1, is designed in a diameter <1.5 mm, the high Flow velocity in the bore 17 in a high pressure wave converted, which acts as a pressure increase in the nozzle needle control chamber 12. Of the There abruptly occurring higher pressure acts on the end portion of the Nozzle needle 8, more precisely on the end face 14 and moves them in Direction to the nozzle needle seat 9 to. The by the "hammer pipe effect" in the nozzle needle control chamber 12 suddenly increased pressure is greater than the am Nozzle needle seat 9 anyway pending continuous high pressure of High pressure header 20.1, i.e. as the pressure in the common rail. This provides in the injector 1, the closing of the nozzle opening in the combustion chamber.

Mit dieser Lösung lassen sich Leckageverluste auf die Magnetventilsteuermenge reduzieren, da an der brennraumseitigen Öffnung der Düse 5 eine wirksame Abdichtung der Düse 5 gewährleistet ist. Die Magnetventilsteuermenge läuft in den Vorratstank 24 zurück und ist nicht unwiederbringlich verloren, sondern kann erneut als Einspritzmenge komprimiert werden. Der Wirkungsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Injektors läßt sich somit erheblich verbessern, wobei dies mit der minimal erforderlichen Anzahl von Bauteilen erfolgen kann.With this solution, leakage losses can be attributed to the solenoid valve control quantity reduce, since at the combustion chamber side opening of the nozzle 5 an effective Seal the nozzle 5 is ensured. The solenoid valve control quantity runs in the storage tank 24 back and is not irretrievably lost, but can be compressed again as injection quantity. The efficiency of the injectors according to the invention can thus be significantly improved, with this the minimum required number of components can be done.

Claims (10)

  1. Injector for the injection of a fluid which is under high pressure by means of a nozzle (5), the injector body (1) comprising a high-pressure inflow line (20) and a pressure-less outflow (18) and being connectable to a common high-pressure collecting space (22), and a solenoid valve (6) being provided for activating the nozzle (5), characterized in that the injector body (1) receives moveably a sleeve (2), one end face of which has an orifice (16) which can be opened or closed by means of a valve member (15), on which the solenoid valve (6) acts, and the other end face (10) of which delimits a control space (12), into which a branch (13) of the high-pressure inflow (20.2) issues.
  2. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the orifice (16) arranged at the solenoid-side end of the sleeve (2) serves as a throttle.
  3. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the branch (13) of the high-pressure inflow (20.2) into the control space (12), the said branch issuing at the control-space-side end of the sleeve (2), is designed as a throttle.
  4. Injector according to Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the diameter of the orifice (16) of the sleeve (2) exceeds the diameter of the branch (13) from the high-pressure inflow (20.2) into the control space (12).
  5. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the valve (15) provided at the solenoid-side end of the sleeve (2) is acted upon by a closing spring (7).
  6. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the play, occurring between the injector body (1) and sleeve (2), between a stop (11) on the injector body (1) and the control-space-side end face (10) of the sleeve (2) amounts to less than 0.01 mm.
  7. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when pressure acts upon the control space (12) via the branch (13), the nozzle needle (8) is pressed onto its seat (9).
  8. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle needle (8) has, on its end face, a needle diameter (14) which is larger than the nozzle-needle diameter at the nozzle-needle seat (9).
  9. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (2) extends through the injector body (1).
  10. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle (5) is positioned relative to the injector body (1) by means of a centring pin (25).
EP00988600A 1999-11-24 2000-11-10 Injector for high-pressure fuel injection Expired - Lifetime EP1185786B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19956522 1999-11-24
DE19956522A DE19956522A1 (en) 1999-11-24 1999-11-24 High pressure fuel injector
PCT/DE2000/004005 WO2001038721A2 (en) 1999-11-24 2000-11-10 Injector for high-pressure fuel injection

Publications (2)

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EP1185786A2 EP1185786A2 (en) 2002-03-13
EP1185786B1 true EP1185786B1 (en) 2005-09-14

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EP00988600A Expired - Lifetime EP1185786B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2000-11-10 Injector for high-pressure fuel injection

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US (1) US6698673B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1185786B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003515048A (en)
KR (1) KR100714852B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19956522A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2263225C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001038721A2 (en)

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KR100528566B1 (en) * 2002-07-04 2005-11-15 주성엔지니어링(주) Gas injection system for deposition process
DE102006007574A1 (en) * 2006-02-18 2007-08-30 Man Diesel Se Injecting injector`s control valve for heavy fuel oil operation, has connection tube with specific tube length and arranged between upper control chamber and port valve, where fuel is supplied to upper and lower chamber
US20080296412A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having a flow passage insert
DE102008002522A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector
DE102012110240A1 (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-04-30 L'orange Gmbh Fuel injection injector for internal combustion engines

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US6698673B1 (en) 2004-03-02
WO2001038721A3 (en) 2001-12-27
DE19956522A1 (en) 2001-06-07
EP1185786A2 (en) 2002-03-13
WO2001038721A2 (en) 2001-05-31
KR20010101605A (en) 2001-11-14
RU2263225C2 (en) 2005-10-27
KR100714852B1 (en) 2007-05-08
DE50011172D1 (en) 2005-10-20
JP2003515048A (en) 2003-04-22

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