EP1183124B1

EP1183124B1 - Apparatus for and method of cutting a target material

Info

Publication number: EP1183124B1
Application number: EP00916390A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jonathan Mohler
Original assignee: Spectre Enterprises Inc
Current assignee: Spectre Enterprises Inc
Priority date: 1999-03-15
Filing date: 2000-03-15
Publication date: 2008-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2020-03-15
Also published as: AU3749900A; EP1183124A1; US6183569B1; IL145443A; IL145443A0; WO2000054922A1; ATE399612T1; EP1183124A4; DE60039356D1

Abstract

An apparatus is disclosed for cutting target material which includes a housing having an inner cavity and an elongated nozzle extending from the inner cavity to communicate with the exterior of the housing. The apparatus is provided with a charge for generating a cutting flame and an activating device coupled to the charge. A method for cutting target material is also provided in which the cutting apparatus has an elongated nozzle positioned generally adjacent to a surface of a target material to be cut. The cutting apparatus may be joined with one or more housings to provide a ganged together or joined cutting apparatus. The effect of this ganged cutting apparatus is to provide an extended linear cutting action on the surface of the target material. In addition, in an opposed cutting apparatus, two housings are positioned with their nozzle channels in opposition to permit cutting target material from two directions.

Description

The present invention generally relates to an apparatus for and method of cutting a target material according to the preamble of, respectively, claims 1 and 3 (see, for example, US-A-4 559 890 ). The present invention more particularly relates to an apparatus and method for cutting target material of a substantial thickness using a thermite based charge

Description of the Prior Art

A number of devices for cutting materials of a substantial thickness are known in the art. Many of these devices employ explosive shaped charges which deliver energy to the surface of a material in the form of a high pressure, high velocity shock front. The conical or "V" shaped charge, for example, explodes and focuses cutting energy onto the surface of the material to be cut. A primary disadvantage of explosive shaped charges is that they generate excessive noise and debris upon detonation. This noise and debris can pose potentially serious health and safety hazards to someone using a cutting device which employs conventional shaped charge explosives.
Thennite-based cutting devices which employ a cutting flame produce virtually no extended shock wave and generate relatively little over pressure. Thermite-based cutting devices do not present the same health and safety hazards which are attendant upon explosive shape charge cutting devices.
U.S. Patent No. 2,587,243 discloses an apparatus for producing a gaseous penetrating jet for cutting materials or objects. This patent uses a chemical charge which, when detonated, ruptures a means interposed along the path of the generated high velocity gases. The means converges upon rupture and causes a material placed beneath the apparatus to be cut by the resultant high velocity gas explosion.
U.S. Patent No. 4,693,181 . discloses a linear cutting charge device including an explosive mass formed in the shape of a bar. Detonation of the charge in this patent is disclosed as stating that it compresses a metal liner and converts the metal liner into an outwardly projected slug of metal, the shape of which is dependent upon the shape of a cavity of the device. It is this outwardly projected slug which penetrates the work surface of a material which is cut or deformed by the detonation and subsequent penetration.
U.S. Patent No. 4,815,384 discloses a device with a housing for use with joinable or interconnectable cutting charges. The stated purpose of this patent is to avoid formation of a saw-tooth cutting profile on a target work surface acted upon by the device discussed in the patent.
What has not been disclosed in the prior art, however, is use of a thermite-based apparatus for directing or focusing a cutting flame derived from the activation of a thermite charge for the purpose of cutting substantially thick material such as steel plates and bars; for example. In addition, the prior art has not provided a practical solution for effecting an extended, linear cut in a piece of material. The prior art also has not sufficiently addressed concerns related to the health and safety of a user using an explosive shape charge apparatus to create high velocity explosions to cut material. As a result, the prior art has also not adequately considered use of a thermite-based cutting apparatus to alleviate hazards associated with debris, noise and pressure waves generated from using explosive charges to cut material having a substantial thickness.
In spite of the foregoing known apparatus and methods for cutting material, there remains a real and substantial need for an apparatus for cutting material which employs a thermite-based charge to ensure a safe and efficient cutting action.
US4559890 discloses an apparatus for cutting a link of an anchor chain and which includes a pair of pyrotechnic torch modules mounted in a housing and having respective nozzles with respective flame guide assemblies having respective linear outlets oriented to traverse the link to be cut at respective spaced apart positions.
US3713636 describes an incendiary cutting torch for cutting a cable or pipe, the torch having a mounting arrangement whereby it may be secured against a cable or pipe to be cut and having a narrow elongate nozzle slot to produce a corresponding cutting flame traversing the cable or pipe to be cut.
DD78681 discloses a pipe cutting torch assembly having rollers to engage a pipe on opposite sides and having two cutting torches so disposed as to be diametrically opposed with respect to a pipe located between the rollers, so that the pipe can be cut by rolling the assembly around the pipe with the two cutting torches operating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for cutting a target material comprising a plurality of housings each having an inner cavity and each having an elongated nozzle having a first end in communication with said inner cavity and a second end in communication with the exterior of said housing, cutting flame generating means disposed within said inner cavity and activating means operatively associated with said cutting flame generating means to generate a cutting flame, characterised in that said housings are combined to form a ganged apparatus in which individual said housings are coupled together consecutively to form said ganged apparatus in which a number n of said housings are separated by n-1 individual end plates, where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and each end of the resulting ganged apparatus is enclosed with an end plate, the ganging of the housings to each other being accomplished by providing a plurality of holes in each of the end plates and by passing connecting means through the aligned holes, the nozzles being thus ganged to provide an extended linear cutting action.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of cutting a target material comprising:

providing an apparatus including a plurality of housings each having an inner cavity and each having an elongated nozzle having a first end in communication with said inner cavity and a second end in communication with the exterior of said housing, cutting flame generating means disposed within said inner cavity and activating means operatively associated with said cutting flame generating means to generate a cutting flame, the method comprising placing the apparatus so that said second ends of said elongated nozzles are adjacent a surface of said target material and activating said cutting flame generating means to create a cutting flame which effects cutting of said target material, characterised in that said housings are combined to form a ganged apparatus in which individual said housings are coupled together consecutively to form a said ganged apparatus in which a number n of said housings are separated by n-1 individual end plates, where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and each end of the resulting ganged apparatus is enclosed with an end plate, the ganging of the housings to each other being accomplished by providing a plurality of holes in each of the end plates and by passing connecting means through the aligned holes, the nozzles being thus ganged, and effecting substantially continuous linear cutting action on said target material by generating a linear cutting flame from said housings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a front elevation view of a cutting apparatus not being part of the present invention ;
Figure 2 is a right side elevational view of the cutting apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along 3-3 of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an exploded schematic view of a charge tube and thermite charge ;
Figure 5 is a top plan view of the charge tube of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is an end elevational view of an end plate for an apparatus according to the present invention;
Figure 7 is an isometric view of an assembled cutting apparatus not being part of the present invention ;
Figure 8 is a rotated, front elevational view of the cutting apparatus of not being part of the present invention Figure 7 positioned on the surface of a target material to be cut;
Figure 9 is a rotated, cross-sectional view showing a front elevation view of cutting apparatus not being part of the present invention having a modified nozzle;
Figure 10 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of the invention having multiple cutting apparatus ganged together;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of a containment block in an apparatus for an apparatus not being part of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a match housing an apparatus for an apparatus not being part of the present invention;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of a charge tube of an apparatus for an apparatus not being part of the present invention ;
Figure 14 is a perspective view of an end plate for an apparatus for an apparatus not being part of the present invention ;
Figure 15 is a side elevational view of an opposed cutting apparatus for an apparatus not being part of the present invention ;
Figure 16 is a top plan view of the opposed cutting apparatus of Figure 15 ;
Figure 17 is an exploded elevational view of the opposed cutting apparatus not being part of the present invention ; and,
Figure 18 is a bottom plan view of the opposed cutting apparatus of Figures 15 to 17 not being part of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, apparatus 1 not being part of the present invention for cutting target material is provided with a housing 2 having an inner cavity. 4. An elongated nozzle 6 extends from the inner cavity 4 to an exterior surface 8 of the housing 2. In operation, exterior surface 8 of the housing 2 may be positioned generally adjacent to a surface 10 of target material 11 to provide the elongated nozzle 6 a line of engagement between the cutting apparatus 1 and the surface 10, or ?cutting zone?, of the target material 11. The elongated nozzle 6, which extends from the inner cavity 4 of the housing 2 to the exterior surface 8 of the housing 2 may have a length L of about 0.3 to 1.5 inches. In the form shown, the target material 11 may have a thickness t. The preferable range of thickness t for materials cut by the apparatus 1 is about 0.25 to 2 inches. The region where the cutting apparatus 1 performs its cutting function on these materials is preferably of a substantially uniform thickness.
Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, apparatus 1 for cutting target material is designed to space a portion or end of the elongated nozzle 6 from the surface 10 of the target material 11 by a standoff distance SD based on the thickness t of the target material 11. This standoff distance SD or nozzle standoff may be from about 1/16 to 1/4 of an inch from the surface 10 of the target material 11 to be cut. Nozzle standoff is related to the scale of the apparatus 1, and in general, a larger cutting apparatus 1 would require a correspondingly larger standoff distance SD.
Referring now to Figures 1 through 3, the cutting apparatus 1 further includes a charge tube 22 which seats in the inner cavity 4 and a set of liners 12,13,15 which, when inserted into or adjacent to the charge tube 22, provide supportive containment for a thermite charge 14 during installation and activation of the thermite charge 14. The liners 12,13 are preferably embodied as generally round, disc-shaped pieces which may be positioned generally adjacent to the thermite charge 14 within the charge tube 22. The liners 12,13,15, regardless of the number of layers employed, preferably may have a total thickness of about 0.002 to 0.008 inches. The inside of the charge tube 22 may be lined with at least two layers of the liner 15, which is generally rectangular in shape, and from one to two layers of the liners 12,13 which are positioned to cover the thermite charge 14.
Referring now to Figures 1 through 5, the inner cavity 4 of the housing 2 may further contain an apparatus 21 for generating a cutting flame. As shown, the apparatus 21 includes the charge tube 22 having a thermite charge 14 disposed within the charge tube 22. The thermite charge 14 is pressed into the charge tube 22. The charge tube 22 is then inserted into the inner cavity 4 of the housing 2. The liners 12,13,15 have a specific volume from about 0.39 to 0.29 cm³ per gram of the thermite charge 14 employed in the apparatus 21. An activation device 26 is incorporated into the structure of the apparatus 21 and may be a fuse 26 inserted through an opening 25 in the charge tube 22 for activation of the cutting apparatus 1.
Referring again to Figures 4 and 5, in operation the charge tube 22 is placed into a conventional loading tool (not shown) and the thermite charge 14 is pressed into the charge tube 22 to the desired density. The loading tool may be any conventional handheld or stationary device for pressing desired amounts and densities of thermite charge 14 into the charge tube 22. A conventional activation device 26 such as a fuse 26 available from Pyrofuse Corporation of Mt. Vernon, New York, may be inserted during this pressing procedure and positioned to extend through the opening 25 formed in the charge tube 22. The opening 25 is internally covered with the liner 15, which may be composed of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, to contain the thermite charge 14 when it is pressed into the charge tube 22 and positioned in the inner cavity 4 in preparation for cutting use. Subsequently, the fuse 26 is inserted to penetrate the liner 15 to extend to the exterior of the charge tube 22.
Referring now to Figures 1 through 5, in operation, thermite powder is pressed into the charge tube 22 to the desired shape and density. As a result, the charge 14 employed in the cutting apparatus 1 is preferably a formable material which can be stored and handled independently from the other elements of the cutting apparatus 1. In the charge tube 22, the liners 12,13,15 provide additional gaseous product for the charge 14 which contributes to the cutting action of the apparatus 1. There are fluorine radicals in a PTFE liner, for example, which can interact with a thermite charge 14 to provide an augmented cutting action. The liners 12,13,15 may be composed of any suitable material such as PTFE.
It will also be appreciated that each cutting apparatus 1 is used only once during operation. The material and structure of the cutting apparatus 1 are permanently altered after a cycle of cutting a target material 11.
Referring again to Figures 4 and 5, the thermite charge 14 preferably is a powder composition which comprises by weight from about 15% to 20% aluminum, from about 78% to 85% CuO, from about 1% to 3% SiC, and from about 0.2% to 4% nitrocellulose. The composition of the powder in the thermite charge 14 more preferably may include parts by weight about 16% to 18% aluminum, about 80% to 83% CuO, about 1% to 2% SiC, and about 0.5% to_2% nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose is preferably used in the composition, but could also be substituted by another suitable, high-temperature application explosive, to provide the propellant component of the composition. In addition, nitrocellulose acts as a binding agent for the thermite charge 14 and is suitable for cohesive forming of thermite charge shapes.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, the charge density of the powder of thermite charge 14 is preferably in the range from about 50% to 67% of its theoretical maximum density. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the density of the powder of thermite charge 14 is balanced to provide reliable ignition and to maximize the cutting action. For example, the use of about 60% to 65% theoretical maximum density of the thermite charge powder is optimum for cutting materials such as steel. It has been found that an aluminum and cupric oxide powder composition provides the substantial thermal yield required for the present invention. Components such as beryllium and lead oxide might yield even more substantial thermal energy but also have toxicity problems associated with their general use in cutting apparatus.
Referring again to Figures 1 through 3, the inner cavity 4 of the housing 2 may define a generally cylindrical volume. The inner cavity 4 may also define a rectangular-shaped volume, a pie-shaped volume or another suitably shaped configuration. The inner cavity 4 may further define a predetermined volume to accommodate a sufficient amount of a thermite charge 14 to ensure effective cutting action on a particular thickness of material 11 such as steel. It will be appreciated that the cross-sectional area of the elongated nozzle 6 generally adjacent to the target material 11 to be cut is related to the burn rate of the thermite charge 14. Use of a pie-shaped charge, for example, can result in cutting substantially deeper into a target material 11 with a reduced thermite charge mass by presenting a progressively wider burn front to the surface 10 of the target material 11 to be cut.
Referring now to Figures 1, 3 and 6, the cutting apparatus 1 may further include a set of end plates 30 or cover plates for sealingly enclosing the inner cavity 4 once a thermite-based material has been placed therein. The end plate 30 may further include a plurality of holes 32 formed therein for receipt of mechanical fasteners to secure the inner cavity 4. A set of O-rings (not shown) or other conventional sealing devices (not shown) may be lubricated and then positioned into a set of outside grooves 9 formed between the inner cavity 4 and the charge tube 22 positioned in the inner cavity as depicted in Figure 3. The set of O-rings or other conventional sealing devices serve to seal the thermite charge 14 within the inner cavity 4 of the housing 2 when the end plates 30 are installed and compressed against the sealing devices positioned in the outside grooves 9.
Referring next to Figures 7 and 8, mechanical fasteners 34 for securing the end plates 30,31 to the housing 2 are provided to cooperate with the set of O-rings (not shown) or other conventional sealing devices to enclose and seal the inner cavity 4 and the thermite based material in the housing 2. These mechanical fasteners 34 for securing a set of end plates 30,31 to the housing 2 may be embodied as screws or other conventional mechanical fasteners extended and fastened between holes 32 which.correspond between each of the set of end plates 30,31. The end plates 30,31 have a thickness preferably in the range of 3/16 of an inch.
Referring now to Figures 1, 7 and 8, any conventional holding device (not shown) such as clamps, thermite welding magnets, suction devices, or counter thrust devices may be employed to maintain the housing 2 in substantial contact with the target material 11. The holding device is provided to engage a surface of the target material 11 and to maintain stability for the housing 2 including end plates 30,31 positioned on the target material 11.
In addition, the activation device 26 may be passed through a hole 16 in either of the end plates 30,31 which is adjacent to the slot 23 formed in each of the set of end plates 30,31. The hole 16 is preferably positioned in the general proximity of the slot 23. The hole 16 receives the fuse 26 from the opening 25 in the charge tube (not shown) and places the fuse 26 for access outside of the housing 2. The slot 23 permits the cutting flame to "fan out" when the cutting apparatus is activated on the surface of a target material 11.
Referring now to Figures 6 through 8, the end plate 30 may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of steel alloy and plastic composites and is further characterized as having relatively high tensile strength. In particular, a glass epoxy composite known to those skilled in the art as G-10 may be employed for the material composition of the end plate 30.
Referring again to Figures 1 through 3, the housing 2 of the apparatus 1 for cutting material is preferably composed of a material selected from the group consisting of high density graphite and phenolic composites. The housing 2 may be composed of any suitable material adapted to withstand generation of a thermite-based cutting flame. It will be appreciated that the housing 2 has relatively high flexural and tensile strengths which are also consistent with relatively low thermal conductivity. A housing 2 composed of mineral phenolic is preferable given its performance characteristics in the practice of the present invention. Other suitable materials which may be used to construct the housing may include, for example, graphite, polymer composite materials, and glass-filled PEEK (polyetheretherketone). Graphite, for example, generally provides a preferable degree of erosion resistance and has relatively low flexural strength and relatively high thermal conductivity.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 9, the length of the elongated nozzle 46 is shortened. The nozzle 46 preferably has a length L₂ of 0.3 to 0.4 inches. In this apparatus, the modified nozzle 46 is considered to be a "supersonic" or "hypersonic" nozzle 46. These terms are indicative of the high velocity jet exiting the modified nozzle 46. A directional foil 48, or wing-like element, is inserted into the nozzle 46 of this apparatus to redirect the cutting flame around the contour of the foil 48. This further improves the effectiveness of the cutting flame by focusing the high temperature, high velocity jet exiting the nozzle 46.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the cutting apparatus may be oriented in any angle or configuration deemed most expedient for application of the cutting apparatus to a target material to be cut.
Referring again to Figures 8 and 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, a ganged apparatus 51 for cutting target material 11 is provided. The ganging of individual housings 61-64 to each other may be accomplished by providing a plurality of holes 32 in each of the end plates 56-60 of the housings 61-64. When, for example, the plurality of holes 32 in the end plate 56 of a housing 61 are substantially aligned with a plurality of holes 32 in a next adjacent housing 62, a connecting apparatus 65 may be extended between and through the corresponding plurality of holes 32 between adjacent end plates 56-58. As a result, from one housing 61 to a next adjacent housing 62, individual housings 61,62 may be connected to establish a connection or a ganging together of the individual housings 61,62 to each other. Likewise separate fuses 26 of individual housings 61-64 in the ganged apparatus may be joined by passing fuses 26 through holes 16 in each of the housings 61-64 to join adjacent nozzles 52-55 and extend the fuse 26 to the outside of the ganged apparatus 51. The ganged together nozzles 52-55 provide an extended, linear cutting action by spreading the cutting flame between adjacent nozzles 52-55 thereby cutting substantially all of the target material 11 underneath the ganged apparatus 51. Slots 23 (as shown in Figure 8) in each end plate 56-60 facilitate the spread of the cutting flame of each housing 61-64.
Referring now to Figures 1, 7, 8, and 10, when combined to form a ganged apparatus 51, n number of housings 61-64 containing thermite charges are separated by n-1 individual end plates 57-59 (where n is a positive integer greater than one) and each end 68,70 of the resulting ganged apparatus 51 is enclosed with an end plate 56,60. The activation device 26 which may be a fuse 26 is passed through the hole 16 adjacent to the slot 23 formed in each of the set of end plates 30. In this fashion, each of the activation devices 26 is exposed to the cutting, flame action of an adjacent housing 61-64 of the ganged apparatus 51. The activation device 26 from one of the housings 61-64 is positioned on an end 68 of the ganged apparatus 51 and is accessible for receiving external or remote activation. The slot 23 in the end plate 30 also serves to permit the cutting flame to fan out laterally and virtually eliminate any uncut regions on the target material 11 to be cut between cutting apparatus 1 of the ganged apparatus 51. When the ganged apparatus 51 is assembled and positioned for use, the elongated nozzle 6 of each individual apparatus 1 is positioned a standoff distance SD from the surface of the target material 11 to be cut. An appropriate nozzle length L is also selected based on dimensions of the individual cutting apparatus 1 of the ganged apparatus 51 and the thickness of the target material 11 to be cut.
Referring again to Figures 1, 2, and 4, a method for cutting target material 11 with a cutting apparatus 1 will now be described. The method includes providing at least one housing 2 having an inner cavity 4 and an elongated nozzle 6 in communication with the inner cavity 4 and the exterior 8 of the housing 2. The elongated nozzle 6 in this method is structured to be generally adjacent to a surface of the target material 11 when the apparatus 1 is placed on the target material 11. Next, an apparatus 21 and the thermite charge 14 are positioned within the inner cavity 4 for generating a cutting flame. The nozzle 6 of the method is positioned a standoff distance SD from the surface of the target material 11 to be cut and finally, the cutting flame is activated to effect the desired cutting action. Activating the cutting flame may be accomplished by activating a device 26 coupled to the thermite charge 14 such as a fuse 26.
Referring now to Figures 4 and 10, in another method embodying the present invention, individual cutting apparatus housings 61-64 are coupled together consecutively to form a ganged cutting apparatus 51 for cutting target material 11. In combining several of the cutting apparatus housings 61-64, a conventional screw and socket device 65 may be employed to enable a multiple attachment or ganged apparatus 51 of several cutting apparatus housings 61-64, as shown in Figure 10, to provide an extended, linear cutting action. The screw and socket device 65 is preferably adjustable so that the length of the ganged together apparatus 51 positioned on the target material may be increased or decreased. In this method, a first housing such as housing 61 is provided. Next, at least a second housing 62 is provided, with similarly structured characteristics as the first housing 61, and is coupled to the first housing 61 with an end plate 57 therebetween and on both ends 56,58 of the ganged cutting apparatus 51. In addition, the individual activation devices 26 of sequential cutting apparatus housings 61-64 are ignited sequentially by the cutting flame of the adjacent housing and, when activated, will substantially sequentially initiate the cutting flame of the ganged cutting apparatus 51 to effect cutting of the target material 11. In this method according to the invention, a relatively longer and more sustained linear cutting effect is achieved by use of consecutively coupled individual housings 61-64.
According to Figures 11 through 17, a cutting apparatus not being part of the present invention is provided which is capable of being positioned on the surface of a shaped piece of material, such as a cylindrical bar, steel bar, bar stock, and tubular materials. In this aspect of the invention, one cutting apparatus is connected to another, substantially identical, cutting apparatus to provide opposed cutting apparatus for attacking a target material from at least two directions.
Referring now to Figure 11, an exemplary containment block 72 is shown which, when coupled to another, substantially identically structured containment block, forms a housing to provide cutting action in the present invention. The containment block has an inner cavity 74 and a nozzle channel 76. The width of the nozzle channel 76 is preferably in the range from about 0.1 inches to 4 inches. The length of the nozzle channel 76 is preferably in the range from about 0.3 to 3 inches. The thickness of the nozzle channel 76 is preferably in the range from about 0.01 to 0.2 inches.
Referring again to Figure 11, the nozzle channel 76 is preferably provided with a rectangular cross-section. The nozzle channel 76 provides a pathway and focus for discharge of the cutting flame upon activation of the thermite-based charge contained in the inner cavity of each apparatus. In addition, fuse channels 78,80 located near the general periphery of the containment block provide communication for an activation device, such as a fuse, to connect the thermite-based charges to form a common fuse junction. Two recesses 90,92 formed in a portion of the containment block 72 are designed to accept a back-up "safety fuse" to provide redundancy and reliability in initiating fuse activation. The recesses 90,92 cooperate with the fuse channels 78,80 to provide communication between the inner cavity 74 and external activation of a charge contained in the inner cavity 74. In cutting operation, one of the recesses 90,92 may receive a match housing, such as the match housing depicted in Figure 12, to permit electrical activation of the fuse.
- Referring now to Figures 11 and 13, a thermite charge 81 may be pressed and formed into a charge tube 82 having a slot 84 formed therein. The charge tube 82 may be provided as a phenolic tube. The slot 84 is milled into the charge tube 82 and is positioned, in cutting operation, in substantial alignment with the nozzle channel 76. The slot 84 directs cutting energy generated by activation of the thermite charge 81 through the nozzle channel 76 and onto the target material surface. A conventional, suitable material such as aluminum foil may be placed over one end of the tube 82 to permit the thermite charge 81 to be pressed and formed in the tube 82. The charge density of the thermite charge 81 pressed into the tube is preferably 52% of theoretical maximum density. The thermite charge 81 is preferably composed of, by weight, about 15% to 25% of aluminum, about 75% to 85% cupric oxide, and about 0.5% to 5% silicon carbide. The thermite charge 81 most preferably consists of, by weight, about 16.7% of Al, 81.8% of CuO, and 1.5% of SiC.
Referring now to Figures 11, 13 and 14, an exemplary end plate 94 is provided. A hole pattern 96 is formed in each of the end plates 94 to correspond to the hole pattern in another end plate. Likewise the containment block 72 has a hole pattern 73 formed therein which corresponds to the hole pattern of end plates 94 and to the hole pattern of another similarly structured containment block. The end plates 94, in operation, are positioned to enclose the inner cavity 74 after two containment blocks are connected together to form a housing. The containment blocks 72 of the housing permit passage of mechanical fasteners such as steel rivets, for example, to hold the end plates 94 securely against the housing. Referring more specifically to Figure 11, the housing may be sealingly contained by a conventional sealing apparatus, such as an O-ring, inserted into a groove 75 formed around the perimeter of the inner cavity 74. Referring now to Figure 14, end plates 94 each having a set of ears 98 are attached to both sides of the housing and connected together. The end plates 94 work in conjunction with the compressed O-ring to sealingly contain the inner cavity.
Referring now to Figure 15, there is illustrated a pair of housings in relative opposed cutting positions. As previously discussed, a housing 102 is formed by the connection of two containment blocks 104,106 to each other, which form an inner cavity (not shown) having a charge disposed therein. The end plates 108,110 are positioned to sandwich the containment blocks 104,106 together to form the housing 102 and seal the thermite-based charge (not shown) therein. Another housing 112 comprises two containment blocks 114,116 which are sandwiched and sealed into a housing 112 by a set of end plates 118,120. The respective nozzle channels of the housings 102,112 are positioned to be substantially opposed in order to effect a cutting action on the same target material from two opposite directions.
Referring now to Figure 16, ears 130,131,132,133 on the end plates 134,136 provide attachment between opposing cutting apparatus 138,140. For example, the ear 130 on the cutting apparatus 138 corresponds to and complements the ear 132 on the cutting apparatus 140. One set 142 of complementary ears is provided as a hinge point and the other set 144 is provided with a releasable connection. This provides rotatable attachment about the pivot point formed by one set of ears 142 while the other set 144 is fixedly attached to resist separation of the opposing cutting apparatus 138,140 during operation.
Referring now to Figures 16 and 17, rotation about the hinge point 142 permits a target material 146, such as bar stock, to be inserted into the "jaw" formed by rotation of opposing nozzle channels 148, 150 about the hinge point 142. Once the target material 146 is inserted the cutting apparatus 138, 140 may be again rotated about the hinge point 142, closing the "jaw", to secure the target material 146 within the cutting zone formed between the cutting apparatus 138, 140. The hinge point 142 is secured by a conventional pin (as shown more particularly by pin 152 in Figure 15) to ensure the cutting apparatus 138,140 do not separate during operation. During its swivel-like closing operation around the hinge point 142, the cutting apparatus 138 may have an ear 149 which is structured to latch with an ear 147 of the cutting apparatus 140.
As shown in Figures 15 and 18, an activation device such as a fuse 154 may be extended from the activation holes 156 formed when two containment blocks such as the containment blocks 114, 116 are joined together. The activation device 154 permits substantially simultaneous activation of thermite charges contained in the respective cutting apparatus 138,140. It will be appreciated that the arrangement also provides for substantially simultaneous activation of two charges from any of four ignition points.
Referring again to Figure 16, the cutting apparatus 138,140 are preferably comprised of a material such as those described above, including mineral phenolic, which possesses suitable flexural and tensile strength characteristics while providing relatively low thermal conductivity to prevent energy loss from the cutting apparatus.
It will be appreciated that the dimensions of the cutting apparatus may be modified to cut various sizes and shapes of target materials. Preferably, the cutting apparatus of the present invention may be employed, for example; to cut steel bars of up to one inch in diameter. It is believed that the diameter of a bar which can be successfully cut by the present invention is proportional to the diameter of the thermite charge employed in the cutting apparatus of the present invention. The charge diameter may range from about 0.25 to 12 inches. The density of the thermite range may be in the range from about 47% to 80% of theoretical maximum density.
The present invention offers a thermite based apparatus for and method of cutting target material of a substantial thickness. The present invention provides an elongated nozzle to focus the cutting flame energy of the cutting apparatus and a method for effecting extended, linear and substantially simultaneous opposing cutting action in materials of varying sizes, shapes, and thicknesses. The nature of the thermite charge employed in the present invention offers substantial health and safety benefits during operation of the cutting device.
Whereas particular embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

An apparatus for cutting a target material comprising a plurality of housings (61-64) each having an inner cavity and each having an elongated nozzle (6) having a first end in communication with said inner cavity and a second end in communication with the exterior of said housing, cutting flame generating means (4) disposed within said inner cavity and activating means (26) operatively associated with said cutting flame generating means to generate a cutting flame, characterised in that said housings (61-64) are combined to form a ganged apparatus (51) in which individual said housings are coupled together consecutively to form said ganged apparatus in which a number n of said housings (61-64) are separated by n-1 individual end plates (57-59), where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and each end of the resulting ganged apparatus (51) is enclosed with an end plate (56, 60), the ganging of the housings (61-64) to each other being accomplished by providing a plurality of holes (32) in each of the end plates (56-60) and by passing connecting means (65) through the aligned holes (32), the nozzles (6) being thus ganged to provide an extended linear cutting action.
An apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein each end plates (56-60) separating said housings (61-64) have slots (23) adjacent said nozzles (52-55) to facilitate the spread of the cutting flames between adjacent said nozzles (6) to provide an extended linear cutting action.
A method of cutting a target material comprising:
providing an apparatus including a plurality of housings (61-64) each having an inner cavity and each having an elongated nozzle (6) having a first end in communication with said inner cavity and a second end in communication with the exterior of said housing, cutting flame generating means (4) disposed within said inner cavity and activating means (26) operatively associated with said cutting flame generating means to generate a cutting flame, the method comprising positioning the apparatus so that said second ends of said elongated nozzles are adjacent a surface of said target material and activating said cutting flame generating means to create a cutting flame which effects cutting of said target material, characterised in that said housings (61-64) are combined to form a ganged apparatus (51) in which individual said housings are coupled together consecutively to form said ganged apparatus in which a number n of said housings (61-64) are separated by n-1 individual end plates (57-59), where n is a positive integer greater than 1, and each end of the resulting ganged apparatus (51) is enclosed with an end plate (56, 60), the ganging of the housings (61-64) to each other being accomplished by providing a plurality of holes (32) in each of the end plates (56-60) and by passing connecting means (65) through the aligned holes (32), the nozzles (6) being thus ganged, and effecting substantially continuous linear cutting action on said target material by generating a linear cutting flame from said housings.