EP1178922B1 - Plate-forme de forage avec separateurs satellites - Google Patents

Plate-forme de forage avec separateurs satellites Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1178922B1
EP1178922B1 EP00946754A EP00946754A EP1178922B1 EP 1178922 B1 EP1178922 B1 EP 1178922B1 EP 00946754 A EP00946754 A EP 00946754A EP 00946754 A EP00946754 A EP 00946754A EP 1178922 B1 EP1178922 B1 EP 1178922B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hull
damping
floating structure
skirt
floating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00946754A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1178922A2 (fr
EP1178922A4 (fr
Inventor
Richard David Haun
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OPE Inc
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OPE Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1178922A4 publication Critical patent/EP1178922A4/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a moored offshore or self-propelled floating platform with improved motion characteristics for economic offshore deepwater developments.
  • the floating platform of the present invention is capable of being self propelled in mild environments or moored for use in extreme depths and severe wind and wave conditions.
  • TLP tension leg platforms
  • SPARS deepwater floating production storage facilities
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,609,442 issued to Horton describes an offshore platform wherein the platform is formed of an upper hull and a lower hull that are secured to one another to allow telescoping movement of the upper hull upwardly with respect to the lower hull.
  • Horton does not have a center assembly that is telescopically extendable and retractable below the hull.
  • Horton also does not disclose or suggest the use of a damping skirt proximate the lower end of the center assembly. In practice, Horton's platform does not provide the stability advantages offered by the present invention.
  • the principal elements which can be modified for improving the motion characteristics of a moored floating vessel are the draft, the water plane area and its draft rate of change, location of the center of gravity (CG), the metacentric height about which small amplitude roll and pitching motions occur, the frontal area and shape on which winds, current and waves act, the system response of pipe and cables contacting the seabed acting as mooring elements, and the hydrodynamic parameters of added mass and damping.
  • the latter values are determined by complex solutions of the potential flow equations integrated over the floating vessel's detailed features and appendages and then simultaneously solved for the potential source strengths.
  • An object of the present invention is a floating platform which contains features which allow the platform motions to be optimized for size and weight to specified hydrodynamic environments and to include features which reduce offshore oil and gas processing operations and field development costs.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a platform which allows the roll hydrodynamics to be determined and optimized and by other features allows tuning of the frequency response for the vertical heave.
  • An additional object of the present invention is a more efficient self propelled or severe weather moored deepwater floating platform called an SSP with focus upon providing improved vessel motions in wind and wave conditions while exhibiting features which reduce offshore gas/oil field development and operation costs.
  • the present invention provides for an offshore floating facility with improved hydrodynamic characteristics and the ability to moor in extended depths thereby providing a satellite platform in deep water resulting in shorter flowlines, cables and umbilicals from the subsea trees to the platform facilities.
  • the design incorporates a retractable center assembly which contains features to enhance the hydrodynamics and allows for the integral use of vertical separators in a quantity and size providing opportunity for individual full time well flow monitoring and extended retention times.
  • the floating platform of the present invention is capable of being self-propelled in mild environments or moored for use in extreme depths and sever wind and wave conditions.
  • the floating platform may be configured to perform the functions of a well-gathering platform.
  • an offshore utility work platform a remote power or communication transmission hub or relay platform or a satellite separator platform (SSP).
  • SSP satellite separator platform
  • the floating platform is hereafter referred to as an SSP despite its adapted use.
  • a principal feature of the SSP is a retractable center assembly within the hull, which may be raised or lowered in the field to allow transit in shallow areas.
  • the retractable center assembly provides a means of pitch motion damping, a large volumetric space for the incorporation of optional ballast, storage, vertical pressure or storage vessels, or a centrally located moon pool for deploying diving or remote operated vehicle (ROV) video operations without the need for added support vessels.
  • ROV remote operated vehicle
  • Hydrodynamic motion improvements are provided by: the basic hull configuration; extended skirt and radial fins at the hull base; a (lowered at site) center assembly extending the retractable center section with base and mid-mounted hydrodynamic skirts and fins; the mass of the separators below the hull deck of the SSP favorably lowering the center of gravity; and attachment of the steel catenary risers, cables, umbilicals and mooring lines near the center of gravity at the hull base.
  • the noted features improve vessel stability and provide increased added mass and damping which improves the overall response of the system under environmental loading.
  • Key field production items that are satisfied by the invention are: housing large and efficient vertical high-pressure separators with extended retention times which can minimize multiphase flow with upstream primary separation closer to subsea wells which also improves reservoir recovery ratios; providing vertical separators of such dimension that multiple sensors can be used to optimize the liquid gas interface level; providing more economical full pigging ability with individual control of well flowlines; providing individual well flowline chemical injection without added subsea manifolding; simplification of operations and maintenance requirements; and providing for reduced inspection costs below water by the incorporation of a moon pool on the SSP centerline.
  • the principal cost reductions evolve from: the ability to perform fabrication in relatively shallow water sites; elimination of the necessity of costly offshore deck installation which is typical of certain deepwater alternatives; allowing for short transportation routes to the offshore field by minimizing draft and allowing use of domestic coastal fabrication facilities; providing duplicate functions for structural appendages to minimize fabricated weight and maximize the available flotation per ton of fabrication; and providing pressure control as close to the field as practical for improved economics of pipeline and flowline steel tonnage and installation cost reduction.
  • the prior art does not disclose methods for: the use of retractable center sections which by their position, structure, appendages, and contents improve the in-place hydrodynamic characteristics while allowing shallow water access when fully raised.
  • the prior art also does not disclose methods of providing increased extended-duration vertical vessels or separators below the floating platform deck that serve to add stability of the floating structure by favorably shifting the center of gravity downward while also increasing the roll and heave-added mass and damping of the floating structure for reduced platform motions in wind and waves.
  • the prior art also does not disclose methods of raising and lowering vertical separators alone or as a unit within a center assembly to allow passage to or from shallow waters.
  • the prior art does not disclose methods of providing a one-atmosphere access zone around the operational components of separators suspended from a floating platform.
  • the prior art does not disclose methods of optimizing a vertical separator's performance by a nearly continuous array of sensors that allow a variable liquid level.
  • the prior art does not disclose extending a skirt at the base of a hull with a diameter and configuration to ease the offshore attachment of steel catenary risers, umbilicals, and cables.
  • the SSP performs bulk separation and yields full time test capabilities of each attached well via the flowlines and well control umbilicals.
  • the hull features of the SSP include objects of the invention such as the vertical columns which provide hull-stiffening while serving as mooring line conduits for above water mooring line tensioning, and tension monitoring; facilities for the installation / addition / maintenance of the long vertical separators offshore; benefits afforded by the hydrodynamic hull damping skirt that doubles as a submerged towing rim and a load ring that distributes the transverse mooring loads and provides a foundation for steel catenary risers; umbilicals and cables; the separator supported damping skirt which doubles as separator spacing restraints; and the separator raising and lowering frame systems allowing shallow water fabrication yard access.
  • SSP System-to-Semiconductor
  • Other functions provided by the SSP while in the role of an oil/gas platform, are pigging of the flowlines and outgoing gas/oil lines; metering of multiple wells; chemical injection of the incoming and outgoing lines; manifolding to perform the required functions; quarters facilities for the limited crew required for operations; instrument gas generation and controls; satellite and other information transmissions to the host platform(s); electric power transmission; and umbilical control of the satellite wells.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide for an offshore floating structure (as shown in Fig. 1) with augmented added mass damping and mooring tensioning features which provides a moored platform for the functions of primary process oil / gas / water separation, pigging of well flowlines and downstream pipelines, chemical injection and control of satellite well functions, pressure control for outgoing gas and oil lines to the host(s), and communication links to other locations.
  • Other features associated with the object of the invention includes a floating hull 1 with low draft for convenience of domestic construction, suitably broad beam for a stable tow, deep set ballast tanks to augment the tow to site, elimination for the need of deck installation offshore, and the capability of lowering the center assembly with features for improved motion.
  • Hull segment 100 includes a top deck 110, having a helideck 120 to allow helicopter traffic.
  • Top deck 110 further includes a crane 112 for allowing materials to be transported to and from the deck 110 and cargo boats (not shown).
  • a plurality of piping and pigging elements 113, 114 which connect the process elements in the central section 300 to the attached wells on the seabed are also located on top deck 110.
  • a control umbilical and/or power cable 115 is also routed to the attached wells on the seabed from deck 110.
  • Piping and pigging elements 116, 117 are also provided on deck 110 to transfer liquids and gases away from the SSP to distant pipeline or platform connections.
  • a second portion of hull 1 below water line 400 includes a hull skirt 120. Elements 121, 122, 123 act as a stiffener 130 which also provides rotational damping.
  • Hull 1 has a central section 140 which is hollow and contains a retractable section 300.
  • the hull 1 further includes radial mooring lines 200 depending from the hull 1.
  • Catenary risers 160 are attached to the hull skirt 120.
  • a riser guard 170 is provided for the risers 160 as they are routed from the hull skirt 120 to the top deck 110.
  • Hull 1 also has a boat bumper 180 for allowing small vessels (not shown) to berth during loading and unloading of equipment or personnel.
  • the naval architectural and marine engineering aspects of the SSP floating platform differ from prior art in that reliance of the upper hull 100 of the floating structure 1 is augmented by the center assembly 300, which provides a dual service by providing a large space for various payloads and/or equipment and providing a lower center of gravity when in a lowered position to add to the stability as discussed above.
  • Mooring attachment port 210 penetrates the upper hull 100 and acts as a restraint, thus allowing tensioning of the mooring system lines 200.
  • the mooring system follows prior art in the use of a compound or alternate mooring system to minimize vertical reactions while providing lateral restoring force for station keeping.
  • FIG 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the separators 350 included within the center assembly 300.
  • Separators 350 may be much larger in volume and retention time, due to their length, compared to prior art. Further, separators 350 can make up a more significant portion of the platform mass than the prior art, and provide extended retention duration for improved separation at higher pressures for separation of gas and liquids.
  • the extended vertical length of separators extends below the water line 400, and one such separator may be provided for each well.
  • the separators may be provided with a multitude of sensors 360 (as shown in Figure 5), which detect the state of the fluids at each elevation and that each separator may be equipped with several outlets for gas 395, oil / condensate and water 380.
  • Each separator 350 may be equipped with several, inlet valves 390 for optimization of the incoming well stream, and the overall control system (now shown) can determine the required opening and closing of the respective valving with the object of optimizing the separation process with the available constraints of inflow and retention volume of the separators.
  • the economy of the design is enhanced by the fact that, if desired, limited equipment is necessary on the top deck of the facility 110, as shown in Fig. 2, with the exception of the well control panels, emergency quarters 111, and helideck 190.
  • the well flowline and outgoing gas, oil lines, pig launcher 116 (as shown in Figure 2), associated manifolding, and chemical injection system are on the hull segment 100.
  • the hull segment 100 also contains the normal offshore elements of boat landings 180 and safety devices typical of floating structures.
  • an embodiment to enhance the hydrodynamic damping of the system is a hull, skirt 120, which extends below the boat level draft around the circumference of the hull and also acts to provide reinforcement for the mooring attachment points and ease of attachment of steel catenary and umbilical risers 160 while offshore.
  • the skirt 120 is modified at the outer rim 123 to increase the added mass and damping in roll.
  • the skirt is stiffened by large gussets 121, 122, which provide yaw damping and "pockets" for added roll mass. Such duplicity of features tends to reduce the needs for excess weight and increased fabrication costs.
  • the lowest portion of the separator 350 shown on Fig. 4 is contained within the center assembly 300.
  • the center assembly 300 incorporates a damping skirt 301 (as shown in Figure 3c) which, being well below the wave action of the surface, provides heave-damping and added mass and transmits the reaction to the hull via the center assembly.
  • Other skirts 302 not previously identified, serving as reinforcements and guides for the center assembly, add to the damping and added mass in heave.
  • the SSP contains physical design features which facilitate: fabrication; transfer to the final site; field mounting of elements which are to be suspended from the platform to the seabed during offshore construction; mounting of specialized equipment in manners to minimize contamination from marine environments; improvement of offshore gas/oil processing field development costs; mooring in the field; and underwater video inspection of the suspended components and mooring attachments while in operation on site.
  • the floating facility allows the use of naval architectural features which improve the hydrodynamic motion characteristics while allowing the overall weight of the structure to be reduced for fabrication economics.
  • the center assembly When used in the role of a moored oil/gas satellite separator platform the center assembly is used to contain hydrocarbon gas/oil separators, utility storage, and ballast. Due to the available space, separators can be measurably larger in their capacity with resulting higher retention times for improved separation of gas and liquids than normally achievable in the present offshore practice which provides much value and operational flexibility for offshore operators. Due to the large allowable vertical dimension in the center assembly, vertical separators may be implemented which are less affected by marine motions and, with the benefits of larger allowable size, offset any inefficiencies of the reduced liquid-gas contact area within the separator. Due to the space within the center assembly, a large number of vertical separators may be installed permitting individual wells to be continually monitored for their independent properties. Continual well monitoring greatly benefits the evaluation of the field production conditions by reservoir engineers. In other applications, vessels within the center assembly may provide opportunity for temporary bulk or liquid storage.
  • the central assembly when fully raised, allows for the fabrication and outfitting of the SSP at numerous coastal shallow water fabrication facilities providing cost and transportation savings opportunities to nearby offshore fields.
  • the center assembly When the central assembly is fully lowered to its operational position, the center assembly enhances the motion characteristics of the floating facility by several means.
  • the main hull of the SSP includes hydrodynamic features such as a hull damping skirt for improved roll damping and increased roll added mass; radial plate hull damping skirt stiffeners acting as fins which provide yaw damping and increased yaw added mass; and a variable water plane area to provide nonlinear heave stiffness.
  • hydrodynamic features such as a hull damping skirt for improved roll damping and increased roll added mass; radial plate hull damping skirt stiffeners acting as fins which provide yaw damping and increased yaw added mass; and a variable water plane area to provide nonlinear heave stiffness.
  • the center assembly in its fully lowered position, extends well below the normal water level of the floating facility providing significant improvement in the center of gravity and metacentric height; and the reduction of tall vertical separators above the hull deck further reduces wind loads and moments on the structure.
  • the center assembly may contain vessels provided strictly for ballast or by their operations, contain production liquids that provide natural ballast.
  • the center assembly when lowered, provides lateral area for damping and volume for added mass for roll resistance. The damping and added mass of the center assembly differs in yaw and heave motion.
  • the center assembly contains skirts and fins oriented to provide the degree of hydrodynamic characteristics in either of the motions and be used to tune the final system response following the hull design. The use of the center assembly to tune response in conjunction with the hull form and hull damping skirt and fins is central to this invention.
  • the floating platform termed an 'SSP' that may be moored or self-propelled which may be used as an offshore facility for communications and/or power generation or utility platform or work platform or to gather seabed products from outlying sources and contains a means to individually “tune” the heave added mass and damping motions separately from motions of roll and yaw.
  • the floating platform utilizes a centrally located assembly that can be raised and lowered or installed offshore to the base of the hull, having sufficient size and volume to favorably affect the sea-keeping motions in wind and wave conditions by shifting the center of gravity and providing added mass and damping to reduce the floating structure motions in waves and wind.
  • Such a floating platform may utilize high pressure vertical separators providing individual well monitoring that may extend significantly below the normal water line and which may be retractable for shallow water access, or maintenance.
  • Such a floating platform may utilize a damping skirt at the base of the structure, which doubles as structural reinforcement for a retractable center assembly. It may also utilize a damping skirt at the base of the structure, containing upturned and/or downtumed edge appurtenances, yielding pockets to improve added mass and damping characteristics.
  • Such a floating platform has provision for steel catenary riser (SCR) receptacles and connections which attach to the damping skirt at the base of the structure.
  • SCR steel catenary riser
  • Such a floating platform incorporates a skirt continuous or segmented, extending laterally from the hull base to improve riser, umbilical, and cable installation ease by providing sufficient hull clearance for installation vessels and clearance for the installation rigging.
  • Such a floating platform utilizes mooring lines which extend from the interior dry space above the water line through vertical or near vertical hull supporting columns to vertically/or near vertically mounted fairleads.
  • Such a floating platform provides a central moon pool for ROV and diver operations which doubles as a structural stiffening of a centralized raising and lowering assembly.
  • Such a floating platform utilizes a series of sensors in submerged or in one atmospheric environment impervious to submerged service, to identify the phase and product at various levels within separators providing information for the optimization of the system operations for valving gas, oil or condensate, or water while avoiding excess separator height.
  • Such a floating platform with a retractable center assembly utilizes vertical rotational symmetry to avoid the need to weathervane and reducing its overall mass requirements for acceptable motions by implementing rotationally symmetric added mass and damping appurtenances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Structure flottante pour utilisation dans de l'eau flottant au-dessus d'un gisement sous-marin, la structure flottante ayant une coque flottante (1) avec des réservoirs de ballast/stockage placés à l'intérieur de la coque (1) définissant une section centrale creuse (140) ; la structure flottante étant caractérisée par :
    a. un ensemble central (300) monté dans ladite section centrale creuse (14) et étant rétractable et pouvant s'étendre au-dessous de la coque (1), et
    b. un pourtour d'amortissement de ballast fixe (301) fixé à proximité d'une partie inférieure de l'ensemble central (300) pour procurer un amortissement fort et une masse ajoutée à l'ensemble central (300).
  2. Structure flottante selon la revendication 1, comprenant, de plus, un pourtour de coque (120) s'étendant autour de la circonférence de la coque (1) qui doit être disposée au-dessous de l'eau pendant la flottaison, le pourtour de coque (120) procurant un ancrage pour la fixation de chaínes de mouillage (160).
  3. Structure flottante selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit ensemble central (300) inclut au moins un séparateur hydrocarbure gazeux/pétrole orienté verticalement (350) s'étendant au-dessous de l'eau.
  4. Structure flottante selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle chaque séparateur (350) inclut une vanne d'entrée (390).
  5. Structure flottante selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la coque (1) inclut, de plus, un segment de coque (100) qui est disposé au-dessus de l'eau pendant la flottaison, le segment de coque (100) incluant, de plus, un pont supérieur (110).
  6. Structure flottante selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ledit pourtour de coque (120) comporte une partie de rebord extérieur (123) de masse ajoutée pour accroítre la stabilité de la structure flottante.
  7. Structure flottante selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ledit pourtour de coque (120) est renforcé par des goussets (121, 122) pour procurer un amortissement au lacet et des poches pour ajouter une masse au roulement.
  8. Structure flottante selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit pourtour d'amortissement (301) comporte des accessoires de bord tournés vers le haut.
  9. Structure flottante selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit pourtour d'amortissement (301) comporte des accessoires de bord tournés vers le bas.
  10. Structure selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite section centrale creuse (140) inclut un raidisseur structurel.
EP00946754A 1999-04-21 2000-04-20 Plate-forme de forage avec separateurs satellites Expired - Lifetime EP1178922B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13044399P 1999-04-21 1999-04-21
US130443P 1999-04-21
PCT/US2000/010936 WO2000063519A2 (fr) 1999-04-21 2000-04-20 Plate-forme de forage avec separateurs satellites

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1178922A2 EP1178922A2 (fr) 2002-02-13
EP1178922A4 EP1178922A4 (fr) 2002-07-24
EP1178922B1 true EP1178922B1 (fr) 2004-08-25

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EP00946754A Expired - Lifetime EP1178922B1 (fr) 1999-04-21 2000-04-20 Plate-forme de forage avec separateurs satellites

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP1178922B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE274443T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU773396B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0009912A (fr)
DE (1) DE60013272D1 (fr)
OA (1) OA11869A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000063519A2 (fr)

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US8251003B2 (en) 2009-11-08 2012-08-28 Ssp Technologies, Inc. Offshore buoyant drilling, production, storage and offloading structure
US8763549B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2014-07-01 Sofec, Inc. Adjustable and disconnectable submerged-yoke mooring system
US10794539B1 (en) 2019-12-05 2020-10-06 Sofec, Inc. Systems and processes for recovering a vapor from a vessel
US10899602B1 (en) 2019-12-05 2021-01-26 Sofec, Inc. Submarine hose configuration for transferring a gas from a buoy
US11459067B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2022-10-04 Sofec, Inc. Systems and processes for recovering a condensate from a conduit

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8251003B2 (en) 2009-11-08 2012-08-28 Ssp Technologies, Inc. Offshore buoyant drilling, production, storage and offloading structure
US8544402B2 (en) 2009-11-08 2013-10-01 Ssp Technologies, Inc. Offshore buoyant drilling, production, storage and offloading structure
US8733265B2 (en) 2009-11-08 2014-05-27 Ssp Technologies, Inc. Offshore buoyant drilling, production, storage and offloading structure
US8763549B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2014-07-01 Sofec, Inc. Adjustable and disconnectable submerged-yoke mooring system
US9573659B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2017-02-21 Sofec, Inc. Adjustable and disconnectable submerged-yoke mooring system
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ATE274443T1 (de) 2004-09-15
EP1178922A2 (fr) 2002-02-13
BR0009912A (pt) 2003-01-07
DE60013272D1 (de) 2004-09-30
WO2000063519A9 (fr) 2001-03-15
OA11869A (en) 2006-03-27
AU6046500A (en) 2000-11-02
EP1178922A4 (fr) 2002-07-24
WO2000063519A2 (fr) 2000-10-26
AU773396B2 (en) 2004-05-27
WO2000063519A3 (fr) 2001-01-11

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