EP1175548B1 - Automatische gestängezange - Google Patents

Automatische gestängezange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1175548B1
EP1175548B1 EP00932018A EP00932018A EP1175548B1 EP 1175548 B1 EP1175548 B1 EP 1175548B1 EP 00932018 A EP00932018 A EP 00932018A EP 00932018 A EP00932018 A EP 00932018A EP 1175548 B1 EP1175548 B1 EP 1175548B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jaws
jaw
gripping
well drilling
spinning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00932018A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1175548A1 (de
Inventor
David B. Mason
George Boyadjieff
Johannes Henricus Antonius Marie Kamp
Ronaldus Richardus Maria Roling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Varco International Inc
Varco IP Inc
Original Assignee
Varco International Inc
Varco IP Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Varco International Inc, Varco IP Inc filed Critical Varco International Inc
Publication of EP1175548A1 publication Critical patent/EP1175548A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1175548B1 publication Critical patent/EP1175548B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe
    • E21B19/163—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe piston-cylinder actuated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E21B19/168—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a spinner with rollers or a belt adapted to engage a well pipe

Definitions

  • a combination torque wrench and spinning wrench has been used for connecting and disconnecting the various drilling components, such as drill pipes and drill collars.
  • Such combination torque wrenches and spinning wrenches are often referred to as "iron roughnecks".
  • These devices combine torque and spinning wrenches and are described in U.S. Patent 4,023,449, U.S. Patent 4,348,920, and U.S. Patent 4.765,401, all to Boyadjieff, and all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety into the present disclosure.
  • the upper and lower jaws are turned relative to each other to break the connection between the upper and lower tool joints.
  • the upper jaw is then released while the lower jaw remains clamped onto the lower tool joint.
  • a spinning wrench which is separate from the torque wrench and mounted higher up on the carriage, engages the stem of the upper joint of drill pipe and spins the upper joint of drill pipe until it is disconnected from the lower joint. Because the spinning wrench and the torque wrench are separate mechanisms, the spinning wrench cannot get close enough to the torque wrench to engage the tool joint, so the spinning wrench must engage the pipe, if at all, along its stem.
  • the iron roughnecks of the prior art cannot be used for connecting and disconnecting some types of drill stem components.
  • spiral collars have external stabilizers along the stem which can be damaged by the rollers of a spinning wrench.
  • Other components have other variations in surface and shape which make them unsuitable for contact with spinning rollers along their stems.
  • the iron roughneck of the present invention allows the automated connection and disconnection of a wide variety of drill stem components without damaging those components.
  • the spinning wrench is integrated with the torque wrench into a single device so that the spinning rollers engage the component at the same level as the torque wrench jaws. This allows the spinning rollers to engage the tool joint rather than the pipe stem and thus avoid, for example, stabilizer blades and other features which would prevent the use of the spinning wrench of a prior iron roughneck.
  • This integration ofthe spinning wrench with the torque wrench also permits the spinning and torquing of a pair of pipe joints without repositioning the torque wrench and the spinning wrench. It allows a more compact design, and provides a greater torque to drive power ratio.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrate an iron roughneck 10 constructed according to one particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • An upper right jaw 12, an upper left jaw 14, a lower right jaw 16, and a lower left jaw18 of the iron roughneck each have one pipe gripping die element or "tong die” (FIGURE 8) for gripping the tool joints of two drill pipe sections to be connected or disconnected.
  • the invention is described primarily as being used to connect and disconnect tool joints of drill pipe, it can also be used to connect and disconnect many other drilling components including but not limited to blowout preventers, drill collars, drill collars with spiral grooves, stabilizers, drill bits, and bottom hole assemblies including drill bits.
  • the upper right jaw 12 has a front recess 22 and a rear recess 24 machined or formed therein.
  • the upper left jaw 14 similarly has a front recess 26 and a rear recess 28.
  • FIGURE 6 shows a left spinner assembly 3() with a left front spinning roller 34 and a left rear spinning roller 36.
  • a right spinner assembly 32 is the mirror image of left spinner assembly 30 and has a right front spinning roller 38 and a right rear spinning roller 40 (FIGURES 2 and 8).
  • the left spinner assembly 30 is mounted above the upper left jaw 14 and the right spinner assembly 32 is mounted above the upper fight jaw 12 so that the spinning rollers 34, 36, 38 and 40 are positioned in the recesses 22, 24, 26 and 28, respectively.
  • One of the pipe gripping dies 20 is positioned between the spinning rollers 34 and 36, and the other pipe gripping die 20 is positioned between the spinning rollers 38 and 40.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the iron roughneck 10 mounted on a support 42 for positioning relative to the drilling components to be connected or disconnected.
  • Support 42 runs on tracks 44 to allow horizontal motion.
  • the iron roughneck 10 is also mounted to a carriage 46 for vertical movement along the support 42. Vertical movement of the carriage is accomplished with a lift cylinder and two chains. Attached to the chains are springs that compensate for the vertical motion caused by the pipe threads moving relative to each other when connecting or disconnecting the pipes.
  • the jaws 12, 14, 16 and 18 work in a manner similar to those of a conventional torque wrench.
  • the upper jaws 12 and 14 are connected pivotally together by a vertical hinge pin 48 for motion of the upper jaws 12 and 14 toward and away from each other for gripping or releasing drilling components.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the upper jaws 12 and 14 in a relatively closed position
  • FIGURE 8 shows the upper jaws 12 and 14 in a relatively open position in which they grip a joint of drill pipe 60.
  • the lower jaws 16 and 18 are essentially the same as the upper jaws 12 and 14, as discussed above, and are interconnected by the same hinge pin 48 as the upper jaws for pivotal actuation between gripping and released conditions.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 illustrate an upper jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanism 50 received between inner ends of the upper jaws 54 for actuating the upper jaws between their gripping and "released conditions.
  • the figures further illustrate a lower jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanism 52 received between inner ends of lower jaws 56 for actuating the lower jaws between their gripping and released conditions.
  • the jaws In their open conditions, the jaws are far enough apart to allow the torque wrench to move between a position about the pipe and a position laterally offset therefrom.
  • the upper jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanism 50 and the lower jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanism 52 work independently of each other to open and close the upper and lower jaws.
  • a left torquing piston and cylinder mechanism 62 has its cylinder connected to the upper left jaw 14 and its piston connected to the lower left jaw 18 as shown in FIGURES 4 and 8.
  • a right torquing piston and cylinder mechanism 64 has its cylinder connected to the lower right jaw 16 and its piston connected to the upper right jaw 12.
  • the torquing piston and cylinder mechanisms 62 and 64 can power rotate the upper and lower jaws in either direction relative to one another and about the axis 58 of the gripped pipe 60.
  • each of the upper jaws 12 and 14 has a single pipe gripping die 20.
  • the spinning rollers 34, 36, 38 and 40 are positioned in the upper jaws along with the gripping dies such that each gripping die 20 is disposed between a pair of spinning rollers. Due to this arrangement, there is very little space for mounting the pipe gripping dies 20. Thus, several special features are utilized to support the pipe gripping dies 20.
  • the pipe gripping dies 20 are fan-shaped or dovetail-shaped (FIGURE 9A) to fit into corresponding dovetail-shaped mortises or slots 66 formed in the upper jaws between the recesses 22,24,26 and 28. Each mortise 66 fans out in the direction going into the body of its respective upper jaw. Each dovetail-shaped gripping die 20 is inserted into its corresponding mortise 66 to form a dovetail connection. The narrow ends of the dovetail-shaped pipe gripping dies extend away from the upper jaw bodies in order to dig into and grip the tool joints. In one embodiment the dies are removable from the mortises 66 so that as the mortises 66 wear out they can be replaced.
  • the torque gripping dies 20 of the illustrated embodiment have knurled backings in order to better secure the gripping dies 20 against the back of the corresponding mortises 66, thus transferring torque load from the sides of the mortises 66 to the back of the mortises.
  • the knurled surface may be formed of a series of v-shaped grooves resulting in a plurality of pointed, pyramid-shaped projections. This protects the sides of the mortises 66 which are relatively thin pieces due to the proximity of the recesses 22, 24, 26 and 28 and which therefore should not be subjected to high loads.
  • the lower jaws 16 and 18 can utilize the die arrangement described above or else can utilize other arrangements.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates the left spinner assembly 30 with a front spinning roller 34 and a rear spinning roller 36.
  • the right spinner assembly 32 is the mirror image of the left spinner assembly 30 and is therefore not shown separately in detail. The description below also applies to the right spinner assembly 32.
  • the spinner assembly 30 is mounted above the upper jaw 12 so that the spinning rollers 34 and 36 extend into the recesses 26 and 28.
  • a hydraulic spinning motor 74 is mounted at the side of housing 68. As illustrated in FIGURE 7, inside the spinner assembly housing 68 is a gear train 72 for transferring power from the motor 74 to the spinning rollers 34 and 36.
  • Other motors and spinner assemblies can also be used for this purpose, as long as they are capable of rotating the rollers 34 and 36 and are sufficiently compact.
  • the beveled gears of the gear train 72 allow transfer of rotational motion from the horizontal axis 76 of the motor 74 to the vertical axes 78 and 80 of the rollers 34 and 36.
  • the gear train 72 also serves to divide power equally from the single motor 74 to the two rollers 34 and 36.
  • spinning rollers have had smooth surfaces because they turn on the smooth surface of the pipe stem.
  • the spinning rollers 34 and 36 advantageously turn on the rough surface of the tool joint.
  • the surfaces of the tool joints can become rough due to the pipe gripping dies 20 digging in to hold the pipe securely.
  • Smooth surfaced spinning rollers can be damaged by the pits and projections on the tool joint and can be forced away from the surface of the joint, thereby: stressing the mechanism of the spinning wrench.
  • the surfaces of the rollers 34 and 36 are provided with a knurled herring bone cross hatch pattern to better conform to the irregularities on the tool joint surfaces.
  • the herring bone pattern provides ample open space on the roller surface for burrs and other blemishes to be received, and the ridges of the pattern sufficiently localize the forces to penetrate any burrs.
  • Other patterns can also be provided on the roller surfaces to allow the rollers to conform to the irregularities on the tool joint surfaces.
  • the lower pipe section is first set in the slips.
  • the jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanisms 50 and 52 are then activated to open the jaws 12, 14, 16 and 18.
  • the iron roughneck 10 and the support 42 are then moved so that the box tool joint is between the lower jaws 16 and 18 and the pin tool joint is between the upper jaws 12 and 14.
  • the jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanisms 50 and 52 are again activated to grip the lower jaws 16 and 18 onto the box tool joint and grip the upper jaws 12 and 14 onto the pin tool joint.
  • the force provided by the jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanisms 50 and 52 engages the pipe gripping dies 20 against the tool joints for better gripping.
  • the torquing cylinder mechanisms 62 and 64 are activated to rotate the upper jaw counterclockwise relative to the stationary lower jaw (the lower jaw is gripped onto the lower joint of drill pipe which is set in the slips) to break the connection between the pin and box tool joints.
  • the jaw gripping piston and cylinder mechanism 50 is then activated to release the upper jaws 12 and 14 and the spinning rollers 34, 36, 38 and 40 are brought into contact with the pin box tool joint.
  • the left side hydraulic spinning motor 74 and a right side hydraulic spinning motor 82 are then activated to spin the pin tool joint counterclockwise relative to the box tool joint until the upper joint of drill pipe is disconnected from the lower joint of drill pipe.
  • any other powerful, compact motors can be used.
  • the spinner assemblies 30 and 32 can be located at other positions above, inside, beside or below the jaws.
  • the rollers can be disposed in the lower jaws rather than the upper jaws in order to spin out components from below. Rollers can also be disposed in both the upper and lower jaws to provide further options. Greater numbers of dies or rollers can also be used with the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Vorrichtung (10) zum Verbinden und Trennen von mit Gewinde versehenen Bohrteilen, umfassend einen ersten Satz von Backen (12) und (14) auf einem ersten Niveau mit einem ersten darin angeordneten Satz von Greifbackenabschnitten (20) zum Greifen eines ersten Bohrteils, wobei erster Satz von Backen Ausnehmungen (22), (24), (26) und (28) bildet, einen zweiten Satz von Backen (16) und (18) auf einem zweiten Niveau mit einem darin angeordneten zweiten Satz von Greifbackenabschnitten (20) zum Greifen eines zweiten Bohrteiles, wobei erster und zweiter Satz von Backen ein Drehmoment zum Festziehen oder Lösen einer Gewindeverbindung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Bohrteil bereitstellen und wobei die Verbesserung umfasst:
    eine Vielzahl von in den Ausnehmungen auf dem ersten Niveau aufgenommenen und zum Verbinden und Trennen des ersten und des zweiten Bohrteils betriebsfähigen Drehrollen (34), (36), (38), (40).
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
       die Rollenoberflächen der Drehrollen (34), (36), (38), (40) strukturiert sind.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
       Rollenoberflächen der Drehrollen (34), (36), (38), (40) gerändelt sind.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei
       die Rollenoberflächen mit einem Kreuzschraffur-Muster gerändelt sind.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
       die Greifbackenabschnitte (20) in schwalbenschwanzförmige, in den Wänden der Backen (12), (14), (16), (18) des ersten und des zweiten Satzes gebildete Schlitze (66) eingreifende schwalbenschwanzförmige Bakkenabschnitte sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei
       eine Seite jedes schwalbenschwanzförmigen Backenabschnittes (20) angeordnet ist, um das erste Bohrteil zu erfassen, und eine entgegengesetzte Seite jedes schwalbenschwanzförmigen Backenabschnittes einen gerändelten Rücken aufweist, der angeordnet ist, um jeweils eine Fläche der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Schlitze (66) zu erfassen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei
       der erste Satz von Backen eine erste Backe (12) und eine zweite Backe (14) aufweist,
       wobei die erste und die zweite Backe jeweils ein Paar von Ausnehmungen (22), (24), (26), (28) aufweist,
       wobei eine der Drehrollen (34), (36), (38), (40) jeweils in den Ausnehmungen positioniert ist und einer der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Bakkenabschnitte (20) zwischen jedem der Paare von Ausnehmungen angeordnet ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend:
    wenigstens einen Zahnradantrieb (72) mit einem Paar von an einen Motor (74) gekuppelten Kegelzahnrädern, um die Drehrollen (34), (36), (38), (40) anzutreiben.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei
       jeder der Zahnradantriebe (72) auf einem dritten Niveau benachbart zu dem ersten Niveau positioniert ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, wobei
       jeder der Motoren (74) seitlich des Drehaufbaus ausgedehnt ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
       der erste Satz von Backen eine erste Backe (12) und eine zweite Backe (14) enthält,
       wobei die erste Backe (12) eine erste und eine zweite Ausnehmung (22), (24) definiert, die darin angeordnete Drehrollen (34), (36) aufweisen,
       wobei zweite Backe (14) eine erste und eine zweite Ausnehmung (26), (28) definiert, die darin angeordnete Drehrollen (38), (40) aufweisen,
       ein erster Motor (74) die Drehrollen (34), (36) der ersten Backe (12) durch einen ersten Drehaufbau (32) unter Benutzung von Kegelzahnrädern antreibt,
       ein zweiter Motor (74) die Drehrollen (38), (40) der zweiten Backe (14) durch einen zweiten Drehaufbau (34) unter Benutzung von Kegelzahnrädern antreibt.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, wobei
       der erste und der zweite Motor (74) seitlich der Drehaufbauten (32), (34) ausgedehnt ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
       der erste und der zweite Satz von Backen (12), (14), (16), (18) betreibbar ist, um das erste beziehungsweise das zweite Bohrteil unabhängig zu erfassen und loszulassen.
  14. Ein Verfahren zum Verbinden und Trennen von mit einem Gewinde versehenen Bohrteilen, umfassend die Schritte des:
    Greifens eines ersten Gestängeverbinders eines ersten Bohrteiles mit einem ersten Satz von Klemmen (12), (14) auf einem ersten Niveau während eines Greifens eines zweiten Gestängeverbinders eines zweiten Bohrteils mit einem zweiten Satz von Klemmen (16), (18) auf einem zweiten Niveau,
    Drehen des ersten und zweiten Satzes von Klemmen relativ zueinander, um ein Drehmoment zum Festziehen oder Lösen einer Gewindeverbindung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Bohrteil aufzubringen,
    Lösen des ersten Satzes von Greifbackenabschnitten (20) von dem ersten Gestängeverbinder und In-Eingriff-Bringen eines Satzes von Rollen (34), (36), (38), (40) mit dem ersten Gestängeverbinder auf dem ersten Niveau und
    Drehen der Rollen, um das erste und das zweite Bohrteil zu verbinden oder voneinander zu lösen.
EP00932018A 1999-05-02 2000-05-02 Automatische gestängezange Expired - Lifetime EP1175548B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13214199P 1999-05-02 1999-05-02
US132141P 1999-05-02
PCT/US2000/011966 WO2000066875A1 (en) 1999-05-02 2000-05-02 Iron roughneck

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1175548A1 EP1175548A1 (de) 2002-01-30
EP1175548B1 true EP1175548B1 (de) 2003-08-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00932018A Expired - Lifetime EP1175548B1 (de) 1999-05-02 2000-05-02 Automatische gestängezange

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1175548B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3450302B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE246767T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2370196C (de)
DE (1) DE60004352T2 (de)
NO (1) NO332600B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000066875A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO311539B1 (no) 2000-04-28 2001-12-03 Hitec Asa Anordning ved spinner
US7178612B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2007-02-20 National Oilwell, L.P. Automated arm for positioning of drilling tools such as an iron roughneck
US7191686B1 (en) 2006-02-01 2007-03-20 Frank's Casing Crew & Rental Tools, Inc. Method and apparatus for connecting and disconnecting threaded tubulars
US9447645B2 (en) 2012-03-29 2016-09-20 Black Dog Industries Llc Breakout wrench assemblies and methods
CN103422822B (zh) * 2013-07-11 2015-09-16 山西北方机械制造有限责任公司 一种采用伸缩支架结构的铁钻工支撑装置
WO2015106344A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Drillform Technical Services Ltd. Spinner wrench for a drilling rig
CN104879074B (zh) * 2015-06-05 2017-05-10 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 一种轨道式铁钻工旋扣钳
CN110566141B (zh) * 2019-10-18 2024-06-11 江苏如石机械股份有限公司 钻杆和套管两用动力钳
CN113550702B (zh) * 2021-07-20 2023-08-22 青岛昌辉海洋智能装备有限公司 用于油田管道连接的旋转微调装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892148A (en) * 1974-08-01 1975-07-01 Byron Jackson Inc Adjustable power spinning tong
US3961399A (en) 1975-02-18 1976-06-08 Varco International, Inc. Power slip unit
US4348920A (en) 1980-07-31 1982-09-14 Varco International, Inc. Well pipe connecting and disconnecting apparatus
US4765401A (en) 1986-08-21 1988-08-23 Varco International, Inc. Apparatus for handling well pipe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20015333D0 (no) 2001-10-31
JP2002543315A (ja) 2002-12-17
WO2000066875A1 (en) 2000-11-09
EP1175548A1 (de) 2002-01-30
WO2000066875A9 (en) 2002-05-02
DE60004352T2 (de) 2004-06-09
CA2370196A1 (en) 2000-11-09
JP3450302B2 (ja) 2003-09-22
NO20015333L (no) 2001-01-02
ATE246767T1 (de) 2003-08-15
DE60004352D1 (de) 2003-09-11
NO332600B1 (no) 2012-11-12
CA2370196C (en) 2005-04-26

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