EP1174844A2 - Electronically controlled calendar with hand display - Google Patents

Abstract

An electronic calendar has day (10), date (12) and month (14) fingers over day (11), date (13) and month (15) scales with a position sensor and single drive mechanism synchronized with a time signal so that the time can be read within the day segments.

Description

The invention relates to an analog display equipped with an electronic control Calendar with automatic update of the display, the combination of such Calendar with an analog clock and a method for manual time programming of the Control of such a calendar.

Furthermore, the invention relates to 2 solutions to the task of permanently displaying the day of the week and a permanent display of the day of the month of a calendar from only one electric drive to be driven.

1. Rein mechanisch arbeitende oder durch einen Quarz, einen Frequenzteiler, einen Treiber und einen Schrittmotor angetriebene Kalenderuhren, deren Zeitinformation in einem Getriebe gespeichert wird. Nachteil : Besitzt eine solche Kalenderuhr einen mechanischen Energiespeicher, ist ihre Laufzeit relativ gering. Eine Synchronisation mit einem Zeitsignal (z.B. durch Empfang des DCF77-Senders) ist nicht möglich.

1.1. Es gibt eine Variante dieser Uhren, deren Monatstaganzeige beim Wechsel eines Monats mit weniger als 31 Tagen manuell korrigiert werden muß.
Nachteil: Die vom Monat und vom Jahr abhängige Monatstaganzahl wird nicht berücksichtigt und muß manuell korrigiert werden.

1.2. Es gibt eine weitere Variante dieser Uhren, die beim Wechsel eines Monats mit weniger als 31 Tagen die Monatstaganzeige selbst korrigiert. Dazu besitzt sie eine aufwendige mechanische Rückkopplung zwischen den die Monate und evtl. die Jahre speichernden Komponenten auf die die Monatstage speichernde Mechanik.
Nachteil : Die mechanische Rückkopplung ist aufwendig und teuer.

2. Elektrisch angetriebene Kalenderuhren, deren Zeitinformation in Registern einer elektronischen Steuerung gespeichert ist (z.B. mit Zeigern anzeigende Funkuhren). Da in den Zeitregistern auch der Monatstag, der Monat und evtl. das Jahr gespeichert sind, kann die Steuerung nichtexistierende Monatstage von Monaten mit weniger als 31 Tagen ausschließen, mechanische Rückkopplungen sind nicht erforderlich.
Besitzen diese Uhren eine mechanische Anzeigevorrichtung, so werden die Zeiger von der Steuerung über ein oder zwei Schrittmotoren und ein oder zwei Getriebe angetrieben. Die Stellung der Zeiger dieser Uhren muß mit der Zeit in den Zeitregistern übereinstimmen. Dies realisiert die Steuerung, indem sie den Schrittmotor oder die Schrittmotoren solange antreibt, bis Übereinstimmung eintritt.
Solche Uhren sind oft mit einem Schrittmotor ausgerüstet, der die Tageszeitanzeige antreibt. Die Kalenderparameter werden jedoch digital auf einer LCD Anzeige dargestellt.
Nachteil: Diese Uhren besitzen keine mechanische Anzeigevorrichtung für das Datum und den Wochentag
Dann gibt es Varianten solcher Uhren, die mit einem Schrittmotor die Tageszeitanzeige und mit einem zweiten Schrittmotor eine weitere Anzeige, die z.B. den Monatstag oder die Sekunden anzeigt, antreiben. Durch Bedienhandlungen, wie das Betätigen eines Knopfes zeigt der vom zweiten Schrittmotor angetriebene Zeiger kurzzeitig weitere Parameter, wie den Wochentag, Monatstag oder Monat an.
Nachteil : Es erfolgt keine permanente Darstellung der Kalenderparameter Wochentag, Monatstag und Monat.
Es erscheint vielleicht im ersten Moment für eine solche Kalenderuhr mit 2 Schrittmotoren naheliegend, von einem Schrittmotor SM1 die Tageszeit- und die Wochentaganzeige und von einem Schrittmotor SM2 die Monatstag- und Monatsanzeige antreiben zu lassen. Weil der Schrittmotor SM2 direkt die Monatstaganzeige antreibt, können nichtexistierende Monatstage schnell überlaufen werden (z.B. ein 30. Februar).
Treibt der Schrittmotor SM1 also einen Sekunden-, Minuten-, Stunden- und Wochentagzeiger an, ergibt sich ein Gesamtübersetzungsverhältnis von 60*60*12*2*7=604800 zwischen dem Schrittmotor SM1 und dem Wochentagzeiger. Um den Wochentagzeiger um 360° zu drehen, müßte der Schrittmotor SM1 also 604800 Schritte laufen.
Steht der Wochentagzeiger nach der Inbetriebnahme sehr weit von seiner Sollposition entfernt, muß die Steuerung den Schrittmotor SM1 eine große Anzahl von Schritten laufen lassen, um den Wochentagzeiger in seine Sollposition zu bringen. Geht man davon aus, daß sich die Schrittmotoren nur in einer Richtung bewegen lassen, wären im Extremfall 604799 Schritte vom Schrittmotor SM1 notwendig um den Sekunden-, Minuten-, Stunden- und den Wochentagzeiger in die richtige Position zu bringen. Bei einer maximalen Schrittgeschwindigkeit der Schrittmotoren von 20 Schritten in der Sekunde würde dies 8 Stunden und 24 Minuten dauern. Diese Zeit ist natürlich viel zu groß. Deswegen ist eine solche Kalenderuhr praktisch nicht realisierbar. Ein Einsatz eines 3. Schrittmotors allein für den Wochentagzeiger wäre aufwendig und würde auch Platzprobleme im Uhrwerk schaffen.

3. Uhren, die mit einem Quarz, einem Frequenzteiler, einem Treiber und einem Schrittmotor ausgerüstet sind und über ein Getriebe einen Sekunden-, Minuten-, Stunden- und Wochentagzeiger antreiben. Das Getriebe ist mit einem 24-Stunden-Schalter ausgerüstet, der alle 24 Stunden schließt. Der Monatstag, Monat und evtl. das Jahr sind in Registern einer Steuerung gespeichert. Eine den 24-Stunden-Schalter und die Zeitregister abfragende Steuerung treibt über einen zweiten Schrittmotor einen Monatstag- und Monatszeiger an.
Nachteil : Es ist ein zusätzlicher 24-Stunden-Schalter notwendig. Eine Synchronisation mit einem Zeitsignal ist nicht möglich.

In contrast to a digital display, an analog time display shows the periodicity of the passage of time. A mechanical display device has advantages in terms of readability compared to an LCD display. The contrast is better and independent of the angle.
Mechanically displaying calendars that are updated automatically are not used. State of the art, however, are mechanically indicating calendar clocks that display at least one of the calendar parameters weekday, month day and month. These calendar clocks can be classified as follows and have the following disadvantages.

1. Purely mechanical calendar clocks or those driven by a quartz, a frequency divider, a driver and a stepper motor, the time information of which is stored in a transmission. Disadvantage: If such a calendar watch has a mechanical energy store, its running time is relatively short. Synchronization with a time signal (e.g. by receiving the DCF77 transmitter) is not possible.

1.1. There is a variant of these clocks whose month day display must be manually corrected when changing a month with less than 31 days.
Disadvantage: The number of days of the month depending on the month and year is not taken into account and must be corrected manually.

1.2. There is another variant of these clocks that automatically corrects the month's day display when changing a month with less than 31 days. For this purpose, it has a complex mechanical feedback between the components that store the months and possibly the years to the mechanics that store the days of the month.
Disadvantage: The mechanical feedback is complex and expensive.

2. Electrically driven calendar clocks, the time information of which is stored in registers of an electronic control (for example radio clocks indicating hands). Since the time register also stores the day of the month, the month and possibly the year, the control can exclude non-existent days of the month from months with less than 31 days, mechanical feedback is not required.
If these watches have a mechanical display device, the hands are driven by the control system via one or two stepper motors and one or two gears. The position of the hands of these clocks must match the time in the time registers. The controller realizes this by driving the stepper motor or stepper motors until agreement is reached.
Such watches are often equipped with a stepper motor that drives the time of day display. However, the calendar parameters are displayed digitally on an LCD display.
Disadvantage: These watches have no mechanical display device for the date and day of the week
Then there are variants of such clocks that drive the time of day display with a stepper motor and a further display that displays the day of the month or the seconds, for example, with a second stepper motor. By operating actions, such as pressing a button, the pointer driven by the second stepper motor briefly shows other parameters such as the day of the week, day of the month or month.
Disadvantage: The calendar parameters weekday, month day and month are not displayed permanently.
It may seem obvious at first for such a calendar clock with 2 stepper motors to let a stepper motor SM1 drive the time of day and day of the week and a stepper motor SM2 to drive the day of the month and month. Because the stepper motor SM2 directly drives the day of the month, non-existent days of the month can be quickly overrun (e.g. a February 30th).
If the stepper motor SM1 drives a second, minute, hour and day of the week hand, a total transmission ratio of 60 * 60 * 12 * 2 * 7 = 604800 results between the stepper motor SM1 and the day of the week. In order to rotate the weekday hand by 360 °, the stepper motor SM1 would have to run 604800 steps.
If the day of the week hand is very far from its target position after commissioning, the controller must let the stepper motor SM1 run a large number of steps in order to bring the day of the week pointer into its target position. If one assumes that the stepper motors can only be moved in one direction, in extreme cases 604799 steps from the stepper motor SM1 would be necessary to bring the seconds, minutes, hours and day of the week hands into the correct position. With a maximum stepping motor speed of 20 steps per second, this would take 8 hours and 24 minutes. This time is of course much too long. Therefore, such a calendar clock is practically impossible to implement. Using a 3rd stepper motor for the day of the week hand alone would be complex and would also create space problems in the clockwork.

3. Clocks that are equipped with a quartz, a frequency divider, a driver and a stepper motor and drive a second, minute, hour and weekday hand via a gear. The gearbox is equipped with a 24-hour switch that closes every 24 hours. The day of the month, month and possibly the year are stored in registers of a controller. A controller that queries the 24-hour switch and the time register drives a day and month hand via a second stepper motor.
Disadvantage: An additional 24-hour counter is necessary. Synchronization with a time signal is not possible.

• den Wochentag, Monatstag und Monat permanent mit einer mechanischen Anzeigevorrichtung darstellt
• die unterschiedliche Monatstaganzahl der Monate für Jahre mit 365 Tagen, evtl. auch für Schaltjahre berücksichtigt
• eine Synchronisation mit einem Zeitsignal, z.B. durch Empfang des DCF77-Senders erlaubt
• lange Laufzeiten ermöglicht

Weiterhin soll sich der Kalender durch einen einfachen Aufbau auszeichnen, so daß er kostengünstig in der Massenfertigung hergestellt werden kann. Dabei soll der Fertigungsaufwand für den Kalender in etwa dem einer mechanisch anzeigenden Quarz- oder Funkuhr ohne Datumsanzeige entsprechen. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit dem 1. Patentanspruch gelöst.The object of the invention is to provide an analog-displaying, self-updating calendar with a mechanical display device which does not have the disadvantages of the calendar displays of the listed calendar clocks and thus

• permanently displays the day of the week, day of the month and month with a mechanical display device
• the different number of days in the month for years with 365 days, possibly also for leap years
• synchronization with a time signal, for example by receiving the DCF77 transmitter, is permitted
• enables long terms

Furthermore, the calendar should be characterized by a simple structure, so that it can be mass-produced inexpensively. The manufacturing effort for the calendar should roughly correspond to that of a mechanically indicating quartz or radio clock without a date display. According to the invention, this object is achieved with the first claim.

FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of a variant of such a calendar. The electronic assemblies Control (1), time standard (7), drive (s) (2), transmission (3), transmission status detection (4), time signal receiver (6) are part of the calendar work. Electronic control blocks (1), Power supply (8), time standard (7), drive (s) (2), gear (3) and display (5) are in every variant of the calendar.

• Es ist eine große, gut ablesbare Kalenderanzeige auf dem Zifferblatt möglich, weil sich die Kalenderanzeige nicht den Platz mit einer Tageszeitanzeige teilen muß.
• Die Minuten-, die Stunden- und die Sekundenanzeige und die diese Anzeigen antreibenden Getriebestufen entfallen.
• Im Vergleich zu einer elektrisch angetriebenen Uhr muß der Kalender wesentlich seltener aktualisiert werden, so daß sich eine beachtliche Stromeinsparung ergibt. Die Laufzeit eines Kalenders kann ohne Batteriewechsel viele Jahre betragen.

Compared to a calendar clock, the following advantages of the calendar result from the elimination of the time of day display.

• A large, easy-to-read calendar display is possible on the dial because the calendar display does not have to share the space with a time of day display.
• The minute, hour and second displays and the gear stages driving these displays are no longer required.
• Compared to an electrically powered clock, the calendar has to be updated much less frequently, so that there is a considerable saving in electricity. A calendar can run for many years without changing the battery.

1. Es kann eine große Zeigerlänge und ein großer Skalendurchmesser auf dem Zifferblatt realisiert werden, was große, gut ablesbare Anzeigen ermöglicht.
Der Kalender wird vorzugsweise als Wandkalender realisiert. Wären die Zeiger nicht konzentrisch angeordnet, so müßten die aus dem Kalenderwerk herausragenden Wellen oder Rohre zum Aufsetzen der Zeiger in einem großen Abstand voneinander angeordnet werden, um für einen Wandkalender akzeptable Zeigerlängen zu ermöglichen. Dies würde aber ein entsprechend großes Kalenderwerk und Zahnräder mit einem großen Durchmesser erfordern.

2. Das Kalenderwerk kann in für Quarzuhrwerke standardisierten Abmessungen (Figur 5a-5c) hergestellt werden und somit in jedes Tisch- oder Wanduhrengehäuse (Figuren 6a, 6b) für solch standardisierte Uhrwerke eingebaut werden. Solch standardisierte Uhrwerke (Figuren 5a bis 5c) sind durch eine Länge und Breite von jeweils 56mm und eine Bohrung in der Mitte des Gehäuses, durch die eine Welle und zwei Rohre zum Aufsetzen der Zeiger geführt sind, gekennzeichnet.

3. Der Steuerung müssen die Zeiger- bzw. Getriebestellungen bekannt sein. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sie selbst die Getriebestellungen ermitteln kann, weil sich dann die Inbetriebnahme des Kalenders vereinfacht. Eine vorteilhafte Variante besteht darin, daß die mit den Zeigern verbundenen Zahnräder codiert sind, von einer Lichtschranke durchleuchtet werden und die Steuerung die Zahnräder und somit auch die Zeiger solange antreibt bis sie aus den vom Empfänger der Lichtschranke empfangenen Impulsen auf die Zeigerstellungen schließen kann.
Weil die Zeiger des Kalenders um einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt rotieren, rotieren auch die die Zeiger antreibenden Zahnräder um einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt, sind übereinander angeordnet und überdekken sich (siehe Wochentagrad (28), Monatstagrad (32) und Monatsrad (35) in der Figur 8b). Somit ist es möglich alle 3, die Zeiger antreibenden Zahnräder durch eine gemeinsame Lichtschranke zu durchleuchten.

4. Liegt die Wochentagskala (11) ganz außen, so weist der Wochentagzeiger (10) über bzw. auf alle 3 Skalen (Figur 2). Damit kann in einem später beschriebenen, manuellen Verfahren zur Zeitprogrammierung, eine Visualisierung der auszuwählenden Parameterwerte eines jeden Parameters auf der Wochentag-, Monatstag- bzw. Monatskala durch den Wochentagzeiger (10) erfolgen.

The following advantages result from rotating the pointers around a common center point and the concentric scale arrangement.

1. A large pointer length and a large scale diameter can be realized on the dial, which enables large, easy-to-read displays.
The calendar is preferably implemented as a wall calendar. If the pointers were not arranged concentrically, the shafts or pipes protruding from the calendar mechanism would have to be arranged at a large distance from one another in order to allow pointer lengths that are acceptable for a wall calendar. However, this would require a correspondingly large calendar movement and gear wheels with a large diameter.

2. The calendar movement can be produced in dimensions standardized for quartz clockworks (FIGS. 5a-5c) and thus be installed in any table or wall clock housing (FIGS. 6a, 6b) for such standardized clockworks. Such standardized clockworks (FIGS. 5a to 5c) are characterized by a length and width of 56 mm in each case and a hole in the center of the housing through which a shaft and two tubes for attaching the hands are guided.

3. The control must know the pointer and gear positions. It is advantageous if she can determine the gearbox positions herself, because this simplifies the commissioning of the calendar. An advantageous variant is that the gears connected to the pointers are coded, are illuminated by a light barrier and the control drives the gears and thus also the pointers until it can conclude the pointer positions from the pulses received by the receiver of the light barrier.
Because the hands of the calendar rotate around a common center, the gear wheels driving the pointer also rotate about a common center, are arranged one above the other and overlap (see weekday wheel (28), day wheel (32) and month wheel (35) in FIG. 8b) , It is therefore possible to screen all 3 gear wheels driving the pointer through a common light barrier.

4. If the day of the week scale (11) is on the outside, the day of the week pointer (10) points above or to all 3 scales (Figure 2). In a manual method for time programming described later, the parameter values of each parameter to be selected can be visualized on the weekday, month day or month scale by the weekday pointer (10).

As will be described below, the effort for a radio wall calendar (calendar that synchronizes itself by receiving a time signal, for example reception of the DCF77 transmitter) is not greater than the effort for a radio wall clock with a mechanical display device.
Identical microcontroller controls can be used for the radio wall calendar and the radio wall clock, which are only operated with different software. The gear ratios of the gearbox differ somewhat (in the case of less favorable gear ratios for the calendar, the gearboxes can even be the same), but the same drives (stepper motors) can be used. The clockwork and the calendar movement can be installed in housings with identical dimensions. This watch or calendar movement case can then be used in the same watch case. Only the dials of the clock and the calendar differ. A manufacturer of radio clocks can therefore also produce a radio calendar with minimal additional effort.

• der Wochentag-, Monatstag- und Monatszeiger müssen nicht um einen gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt rotieren, die zugehörigen Skalen müssen nicht konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sein
• anstelle der Realisierung der Wochentag-, Monatstag- und Monatsanzeige durch umlaufende Zeiger und Skalen sind auch andere mechanische Anzeigeelemente möglich, z.B. eine mit Zahlen beschriftete, umlaufende Scheibe in Verbindung mit einem feststehenden Fenster

If the calendar is not synchronized by a time signal, for example by receiving the DCF77 time transmitter, the time can be programmed using an uncomplicated manual programming procedure. This process will be described later.
In principle, it is also possible to implement a calendar with the following variation of the features of claim 1:

• the day, month, and month hands do not have to rotate around a common center, the associated scales do not have to be arranged concentrically to one another
• Instead of realizing the day of the week, the day of the month and the month by means of rotating hands and scales, other mechanical display elements are also possible, for example a rotating disk labeled with numbers in connection with a fixed window

The electronic control of the calendar is advantageously implemented as a microcontroller control. The Clock generator of the microcontroller is stabilized by a quartz. The time and gear register are part of the working memory of the microcontroller.

In conjunction with an external clock showing the time of day, the calendar should be able to display the complete time information of a year in an analog form from the month down to the second. Since conventional clocks which display the time of day analogue only have an hour scale with a 12-hour dial and therefore do not allow the day to be differentiated, a preferred embodiment of the calendar is intended to make this distinction possible. This is achieved without an additional pointer in that each weekday segment of the weekday scale is further divided in time. In conjunction with a multi-step walk through the weekday segment through the weekday pointer, the controller drives the weekday pointer so that daily segments are displayed for each weekday.
Furthermore, there is a sensible subdivision of the rather large weekday segments.
A day section on the weekday scale can be separated from the preceding and the following day section by boundary lines and labeled with the time of the day section (e.g. 6-12 a.m.). Especially if a day is divided into many day segments (e.g. 12 day segments of 2 hours) and the step size of the day of the week pointer is small, only individual times in a day segment of the week can be marked (see Figure 2). The reader of the calendar must be aware, however, that the time of a day section is not shown exactly, but the time shown.
If, for example, the controller can set the day of the week pointer to the positions 0:00, 2:00 ... 10:00 p.m. during a 12-step walk through a weekday segment, a day segment of 2 hours is displayed in each of these positions, e.g. in the position 2:00 the day section from 2:00 to 3:59:59.
However, it would also be conceivable to place the weekday hand on the associated shaft in such a way that it comes to a standstill during the 12-step movement of a weekday segment in the positions 1:00, 3:00 ... 23:00. The control would then have to drive the day of the week so that, for example, in the 3 o'clock position, it shows the day section from 2:00 am to 3:59:59 pm.

The (Figure 2) shows the display (5) of a calendar, consisting of a weekday pointer (10), the a weekday scale (11), a month hand (12), the one with a day scale (13), and a Month hand (14), which interacts with a monthly scale (15), with the 3 scales on a dial (9) are arranged. Each segment of the weekday scale (11) is with the weekday and three Times of the day (6, 12 and 6 p.m.) labeled. The boundary between the day of the week marks indirectly the time 0 or midnight.

It would be conceivable to implement a variant of the calendar according to claim 1, in that an electric drive drives the day of the week hand and a second electric drive drives the day of the month and month hand via a second gear. Because the second drive directly drives the day of the month, non-existent days of the month can be overrun quickly (e.g. a February 30th).
It is desirable to save one drive and to equip the calendar with only one drive. A variant in which a drive is coupled to the day of the week hand with a translation of 7 to 1 and to the day of the day with a translation of 31 to 1, with the drive being set one step ahead of each day change, would not work. Because if a month change of a month takes place with less than 31 days, the month hand would show the wrong day of the month. However, if the drive were taken several steps to overflow the non-existent days of the month, the displayed day of the week would no longer be correct.
Another object of the invention is therefore to provide a gear connection between the day of the week and day of the month, in particular for a calendar according to claim 1, so that these displays can be driven by only one electric drive.
This task was solved several times.
According to the invention, this object is achieved once with the third claim.

For a better understanding, a mechanical display device realized with the third claim will be described.
Figures 3a to 3c represent the drive, the transmission and the weekday and month display of the mechanical display device. The rotor (16) of the drive rotates 180 ° per step of the drive, so that the day of the week pointer (18) with each step of the Drive is switched one day of the week.
Figures 4a and 4b show the mechanical display device of Figures 3a to 3c, supplemented by components for monthly display. Figures 4a and 4b represent the drive, the transmission and the weekday, month and month display of a calendar according to claim 4.
As can be seen from FIGS. 3a and 3c, the day of the month hand (22) is advanced by one day of the month when the day of the week hand (18) moves from Sunday to Monday. As can be seen from (FIG. 3b), the day of the month (22) stops when the day of the week (18) moves from Monday to Sunday.

If the day of the week pointer (18) is on a Monday, for example, and the day of the month pointer (22) is on a 1st day of the month, it would not be sufficient if the controller only moved the drive forward one step. Then the day of the week hand (18) would change to a Tuesday, but the day of the month hand (22) would still be on the 1st day of the month. The control must let the drive advance 8 steps in order to set the day of the week pointer (18) to a Tuesday and the day of the month pointer (22) to the 2nd day of the month (see Figure 4a). The controller is also able to do this, because it calculates the target position of the pointers taking into account the time in the time registers, the gear ratio and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values shown on the scales.
If one or more days of the month have to be overrun if a month changes with less than 31 days, the control drives the drive a correspondingly larger number of steps. For example, on a Wednesday, April 30, the day of the week pointer (18) is set to Wednesday, the day of the month pointer (22) is set to the 30th day of the month, and the month hand (25) is set to April, and the day changes to Thursday, May 1, so the control drives the drive 15 steps, the day of the week pointer (18) being set to Thursday, the day of the month pointer (22) being set to the 1st day of the month and the month pointer (25) being set to May (see FIG. 4b).

The gears and displays are shown exploded in the drawings. In a calendar according to claim 1, the pointers and the wheels driving the pointers rotate about a common center point and the scales are arranged concentrically. The gear ratios i of the individual gear stages are indicated below or above the gearboxes shown (i = speed of the driving wheel / speed of the driven wheel).
In general, the weekday and month display of a device according to claim 3 can be done both as a pointer display and in other ways, such as through a numbered disk in a fixed window and the arrangement of the display elements can be arbitrary.

The device according to claim 3 can also advantageously be used in a calendar clock with a mechanical display device, the time information of which is stored in the registers of an electronic control, for example a radio clock.
At first, it may seem sensible to have a SM1 stepper motor drive the time of day and day of the week, and SM2 stepper motor to drive the day of the month and month. Because the stepper motor SM2 directly drives the day of the month, non-existent days of the month can be quickly overrun (e.g. a February 30th).
If the stepper motor SM1 drives a second, minute, hour and day of the week hand, a total transmission ratio of 60 * 60 * 12 * 2 * 7 = 604800 results between the stepper motor SM1 and the day of the week. In order to rotate the weekday hand by 360 °, the stepper motor SM1 would have to run 604800 steps.
A total gear ratio of 31 * 12 = 372 results between the stepper motor SM2 and the month hand.
If the day of the week hand is very far from its target position after commissioning, the electronic control must run the stepper motor SM1 a large number of steps in order to bring the day of the week pointer into its target position. If one assumes that the stepper motors can only be moved in one direction, in extreme cases 604799 steps from the stepper motor SM1 would be necessary to bring the seconds, minutes, hours and day of the week hands into the correct position. With a maximum stepping motor speed of 20 steps per second, this would take 8 hours and 24 minutes.
The setting of the day of the month and the month by means of the stepper motor SM2 would take about 19s with 371 maximum necessary steps.
However, if the seconds, minutes and hours are driven by the stepper motor SM1 and the mechanically coupled weekday, month and month display by the stepper motor SM2, the maximum number of steps for setting the time of day would be 60 * 60 * 12-1 = 43199 steps and a maximum number of steps for the weekday and date setting of 7 * 31 * 12-1 = 2603 steps. With a maximum step speed of each step motor of 20 steps per second, this would result in a maximum setting time of 36 minutes for the time of day setting and a little more than 2 minutes for the date setting. This leads to a considerable reduction in the response time for the stepper motor SM1 and a better distribution of the response times.

In FIGS. 3a and 3c, the switching angle of the weekday wheel (17) or the switching wheel (19) when changing the weekday from Sunday to Monday, when the month hand (22) is switched on, is 360 ° / 7 = 51.4 °. However, if day segments are also shown on the weekday scale, the switching angle for advancing the day wheel (21) becomes smaller. If, for example, 12 day segments of 2 hours each are displayed on a weekday, the month hand (22) would have to be switched from Sunday 10 p.m. to Monday 0 a.m. when the weekday hand (18) changes. The switching angle would then only be 360 ° / (7 * 12) = 4.3 °. This switching angle is too small to switch the day wheel (21) directly through the switching pin (20) attached to the switching wheel (19). However, if the weekday wheel does not drive the idler gear as in Figures 3a to 3c, 5a and 5b via a 1 to 1 gear ratio, but via a larger gear ratio, the weekday gear can rotate through 360 ° once without the switching pin of the ratchet wheel in the toothing of the monthly day wheel engages and moves it on. The angle of rotation range of the ratchet wheel between the position of the ratchet wheel after the weekday wheel has rotated to the position of the ratchet wheel after its rotation can then be used to advance the monthly day wheel.
FIGS. 9a to 9c show a gear part of a calendar that works according to this principle. A weekday wheel (28), which is connected to a weekday pointer (29), is driven in such a way that 12 day segments of 2 hours each are displayed on each weekday. The weekday wheel drives a switching wheel (30) equipped with a switching pin (31) via a transmission with a transmission ratio of 8 to 7.
During a rotation of the weekday wheel by 1/7 of 360 °, in which the weekday pointer (29) is advanced by a weekday, the switching wheel thus rotates by an angle of (1/7) * (7/8) * 360 ° = 1/8 * 3600 = 450th While passing through this angular range, the switching pin (31) of the switching wheel (30) engages in the toothing of a day wheel (32) equipped with 31 teeth and pushes it around a tooth and thus a day hand (34) connected to the day wheel (32) one month further (see Figure 9a). The range of this 45 ° switching angle of the switching wheel (30) must not be used for display, the control must ensure that it is run through quickly. Since the switching angle of the switching wheel (30) is traversed with several steps of the stepping motor, the additional load on the stepping motor is relatively small.
If the weekday wheel (28) is now rotated through 360 °, the ratchet wheel (30) rotates through an angle of 1 * (7/8) * 360 ° = 315 °, with no engagement of the ratchet wheel (30) during this rotation Switching pin (31) takes place in the toothing of the day wheel (32) and the day wheel is locked by a detent spring (33) (see Figure 9b). During this rotation of the weekday wheel (28) any day of the week and every day section of a day of the week can be displayed.
Due to the fact that the weekday wheel (28) must rotate by an angle of 8/7 * 360 ° per revolution of the switching wheel (30), the weekday pointer (29) covering a range of one week and one weekday on the weekday scale the indexing of the day wheel (32) takes place during successive revolutions of the switching wheel (30) while sweeping over the day of the week hand (29) of subsequent days of the week. Thus, during a first rotation of the switching wheel (30), the day of the month hand (34) is moved one step further when the day of the week hand (29) moves from Monday midnight to Tuesday midnight (see FIG. 9a), during a second rotation when the Day of the week hand moved from Tuesday 0 a.m. to Wednesday 0 a.m. (see Figure 9c) etc. In order to display the time correctly, the control must know the current position of the switching wheel (30) or must know it when passing the day of the week of the day hand (29) the month hand (34) is switched on.

The controller sets the pointers to the target position corresponding to the time by closing
Beginning of a month sets the day of the month hand (34) to the first day of the month and then the day of the week hand (29) to the start of the current day of the week. Since one revolution of the switching wheel (30) in which the day of the month hand (34) is advanced by one day of the month takes place within one rotation of the day of the week hand (29) by one week and day of the week, the controller needs the day of the week hand (29 ) only to take one step every 2 hours in the course of the day and to rotate it 360 ° once to change the day and thus to take 12 * 7 = 84 steps.
The gear ratio of 8 to 7 between day of the week wheel (28) and switching wheel (30) represents an optimum with regard to the use of the entire switching angle of 45 ° of the switching wheel (30) for advancing the day wheel (32) and running through the switching angle with as little as possible Steps of the drive.

Figure 7 shows the drive and the exploded transmission of a calendar according to claim 5. The transmission part shown in Figures 9a to 9c is part of the transmission shown in Figure 7.
Based on the selected gear ratios, a 24-hour wheel (27) is rotated through 360 ° with 12 steps of the stepper motor and the weekday hand (29) is thus moved one day of the week with 12 steps of the drive.
In the following, a variant for a gearbox level detection, implemented with a light barrier and coded according to FIG. 8a the day's day wheel (28), day's day wheel (32), month's wheel (35) and 24-hour wheel (27) is presented.
The 24-hour wheel (27), the weekday wheel (28), the monthly day wheel (32) and the monthly wheel (35) must be arranged in the transmission so that these 4 gears overlap at a point below which the coded area of a of each gear as it rotates. At this point, the light barrier will illuminate the 4 wheels. For this purpose, the weekday wheel (28), the monthly day wheel (32) and the monthly wheel (35) are arranged one above the other so that they rotate about a common center. The arrow on each gearwheel, the gearwheels shown arranged side by side in FIG. 8a, points to the location illuminated by the light barrier. Each of the 4 gears in Figure 8a is divided into sectors to which times are assigned. If there is a certain circle sector between the light barrier marked with an arrow, its time value is shown on one of the displays for the day of the week with day division, day of the month or month.

FIG. 8b shows how the gearwheels that overlap in one area are illuminated by a light barrier consisting of light source (37) and light receiver (38).
The light source (37) (for example an infrared LED) is connected to an output and the light receiver (38) (for example a photo transistor) is connected to an input of the control (1) of the calendar. Only when all 4 gears are in a position in which they do not interrupt the light beam, the light receiver (38) is hit by the light beam and switches a corresponding level to the input of the control (1).

In order to read out the gear position, the control drives the gear wheels of the gear via the stepper motor until it can draw conclusions about the gear position from the pulses received by the light receiver. To do this, it briefly switches on the light source after each step of the stepper motor and reads out the response of the light receiver.
The gearbox position is determined by successively determining the position of the weekday wheel (28), the switching wheel (30) and the monthly (35) and monthly day wheel (32).

1. Determine the position of the weekday wheel

Due to the selected gear ratios, the 24-hour wheel (27) is activated with every step of the Stepper motor advanced by 2 hours. If the light receiver is illuminated, it must be because of code the 24-hour wheel at midnight or midday. Tests from this position the control at 6-step intervals whether light falls on the light receiver 3 times in succession. Did he If the light receiver detects light the third time, the weekday hand is in the Monday 0 o'clock position. Because only in the positions consecutively at 6-step intervals Sunday midnight, Sunday midday and Monday midnight the day of the week bike is permeable. Any other day except Sunday impermeable at 12 noon.

2. Determine the position of the ratchet wheel (30)

The control now knows the position of the weekday wheel (28) and the 24-hour wheel (27). Now tests them from the 0 o'clock position of the 24-hour bike at 12-step intervals, i.e. at the beginning a new day of the week when the light is interrupted by the light barrier. On the weekday at which this happens, the switching wheel (30) has already switched the day wheel (32) so that the light was interrupted by one of the webs of the day wheel (32). The forwarding has thus took place on the previous day of this weekday. From the day of switching on, the monthly day wheel (32) at intervals of 8 days of the week, or 8 * 12 = 96 steps of the stepper motor through the switching wheel (30) forwarded.

3. Determine the position of the monthly wheel and the monthly day wheel

The 3 webs of the monthly wheel (35) are coded so that from 15.3. to 30.3., from 25.7. until 9.8. and from 12.5. until December 19 interrupt the light of the light barrier so that while turning the day wheel (32) and monthly wheel (35) by at least 15 days of the month or 15 * 96 steps of the stepper motor Light barrier is interrupted. By a correspondingly long interruption in the light barrier The control recognizes that there is just one of the webs of the monthly wheel between the light barrier went crazy. Now the control only needs to count after how many 5 days a month or 5 * 96 steps of the stepping motor lasting darkening cycles of the light receiver The light receiver is darkened for 6 days or 6 * 96 steps of the stepper motor. The Darkening of the light receiver for 6 days of the month takes place from the 25th to the 30th day of a month determined by the control with the first transmission of the light barrier on the 31st day of the month which then stands the monthly day wheel (32). The position of the monthly wheel (35) determines the control from the Number of darkening cycles counted for 5 days a month. Is the number of darkening cycles 0, the monthly wheel is on December 31, it is 1, the monthly wheel is on August 31 and if she is 2, the monthly wheel is on April 31st.

Another variant of a calendar realized with the third claim is now to be presented.
Figure 21 shows the drive and the exploded gear chain of this calendar variant. With one step of the drive (74), the day of the week hand (76) is set forward over a two-hour period. Between the weekday wheel (75) and the monthly day wheel (77) there is a gear coupling with a constant gear ratio of 62 to 1. If one looks at FIG. 22a, which is part of the gear chain of FIG. 21, one can see that while running through all days of the week and all day segments of a day of the week from Monday 0:00 to Sunday 10:00 p.m., the month hand (78) moves from the beginning to the end of a day segment, but is in the same day segment all the time. This means that any day of the week and any day segment of this day of the week can be displayed on a day of the month.
However, if the weekday hand (76) is moved from Sunday 10 p.m. to Monday 0 a.m., the day of the month hand (78) leaves the first day of the month and only arrives at the beginning of the second day of the month after another rotation of the day hand (76) by 360 ° (see Figure 22b). This area must not be used for display, the control must ensure that it is run through quickly.
The functionality of the day of the week and month display is to be described using an example. The day of the week hand is at 0:00 a.m. on Monday and the day of the month is on a first day of the month. The controller advances the drive one step every 2 hours until Monday 10 p.m. and thus the weekday hand a two-hour section of the day. To change the day to Tuesday at 0 o'clock, the control advances the drive 2 * 84 + 1 = 169 steps, which causes the day of the week hand to run to Tuesday 0 o'clock and the day of the month to run on the second day of the month.

1. Die Steuerung setzt den Wochentagzeiger jede Sekunde einen Tagesabschnitt vor. Wenn die Position Montag 0 Uhr erreicht wird, wird die Taste betätigt.

2. Mit dem Verfahren zur manuellen Zeitprogrammierung gemäß Patentanspruch 10 mit Ausnahme von Verfahrensschritt 10.6 wird die Zeit in die Steuerung einprogrammiert.

3. Der Monatszeiger wird auf den Monat und der Monatstagzeiger auf den Anfang des Monatstagsegments gesetzt, die einprogrammiert wurden.

4. Nach einer Betätigung der Taste beginnt die Steuerung mit der Zeitzählung und setzt die Zeiger in die richtige Position. Durch die Voreinstellung des Monatstag- und des Monatszeigers kann die einprogrammierte Zeit sehr schnell angelaufen werden.

This calendar variant is equipped with means for manually setting the pointers in a defined position. For this purpose, a manually rotatable setting wheel (84) acts on the intermediate wheel (85) between the monthly day wheel (77) and the monthly wheel (79). This dial is used to set the day of the month and the month hand. There is a slip clutch between the monthly day wheel (77) and its drive (83), so that turning the adjusting wheel (84) has no effect on the weekday wheel (75). The drive of the day wheel (83) is firmly connected to the day tube (81) on which the day hand (78) is placed. The day wheel (77) is pressed with a spring (82) against the drive of the day wheel (83).
The weekday hand is set to a defined position using a button connected to the control (86, see Figures 24 and 25).
The pointer can be set to a defined position using the following procedure.
After the operating voltage has been applied, the control advances the drive one step every second and thus the day of the week for a two-hour period. After the day of the week hand has reached a position expected by the control, e.g. Monday, midnight, the key must be pressed. The control thus knows the position of the day of the week. Then use the setting wheel to move the day and month hands to a position expected by the control (e.g. the day of the month at the beginning of the 1st segment of the month and the month of January) and this is communicated to the control by pressing a button. After manual time programming, the control can set the pointers to the position corresponding to the time.
The method described can advantageously be varied as follows.

1. The controller advances the day of the week hand a section of the day every second. When the Monday 0:00 position is reached, the button is pressed.

2. With the method for manual time programming according to claim 10 with the exception of step 10.6, the time is programmed into the controller.

3. The month hand is set to the month and the day of the month to the beginning of the day of the month that have been programmed.

4. After pressing the button, the control starts counting the time and sets the hands in the correct position. By pre-setting the day of the month and the month hand, the programmed time can be started very quickly.

The disadvantage of this calendar variant is that the day of the month is due to the constant translation ratio between day and month wheel in a different position depending on the day of the week is within a day of the month. Will the gear ratio between day of the week and

Monthly wheel enlarged (e.g. to 124 to 1), the control must change the drive to change the day run a large number of steps but change the position of the month hand then less when displaying different days of the week.

Figure 24 shows the arrangement of the stepper motor gear block, the control circuit board (88), the Battery (87), the adjusting wheel (84), the button (86) and the shaft which is brought out to attach the Day of the week hand and the pipes for placing the day and month hands in a calendar movement housing. This calendar movement housing can be advantageous in standardized dimensions for Quartz clockworks are manufactured so that it can be used in wall clock housings for standardized quartz clockworks can be used.

• das Verfahren zum manuellen Setzen der Zeiger in eine definierte Position durchführt und die Getriebestandsregister mit dieser definierten Position initialisiert
• jeden Schritt des Schrittmotors zählt und die Getriebestandsregister entsprechend aktualisiert
• das Verfahren zur manuellen Zeitprogrammierung entsprechend Patentanspruch 10 durchführt und die einprogrammierte Zeit in Zeitregistern speichert
• die Taktimpulse des Quarzes zählt und die Zeitregister entsprechend der abgelaufenen Zeit aktualisiert
• unter Berücksichtigung der Zeit in den Zeitregistern, der Getriebeübersetzungsverhältnisse und der Zuordnung der Getriebestellungen zu den auf den Skalen angezeigten Parameterwerten fortlaufend die Sollposition der Zeiger berechnet
• den Schrittmotor solange vorsetzt, bis die in den Getriebestandsregistern gespeicherte Iststellung der Zeiger mit der Sollposition übereinstimmt.

Die Zeit- und Getriebestandsregister sind Teil des Arbeitsspeichers des Microcontrollers.Figure 25 shows the circuit of such a calendar. A microcontroller of the PIC 12C509 type from Mikrochip, clocked at 32768 Hz, is a central component of the control. The button (86) is connected to one input and the drive (74) to two outputs of the microcontroller. A bipolar stepper motor, which is controlled by the control with pulses of alternating polarity, is used as the drive. The microcontroller used requires a voltage of at least 2.5V, so that a 1.5V primary cell is not sufficient for the voltage supply. However, if a microcontroller is used that works with a voltage of 1.5V, only one 1.5V primary cell can be used.
The microcontroller runs a program that

• carries out the procedure for manual setting of the pointers in a defined position and initializes the gear position register with this defined position
• every step of the stepper motor counts and the gear register is updated accordingly
• performs the method for manual time programming according to claim 10 and stores the programmed time in time registers
• the clock pulses of the quartz counts and the time registers updated according to the elapsed time
• taking into account the time in the time registers, the gear ratio and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values shown on the scales, the target position of the pointers is continuously calculated
• The stepper motor continues until the actual position of the pointers stored in the transmission status registers matches the target position.

The time and gear status registers are part of the working memory of the microcontroller.

In one year, the stepper motor must perform approximately 2 * 84 * 31 * 12 = 62496 steps, with the control unit performing the Turns on the voltage for the stepper motor for about 50ms. The current through the magnetic coil of the stepper motor is 5mA. The average current of the stepper motor is then included 62496 * 5 mA * 50 ms / (365 * 24 * 60 * 60 s) = 495nA.

The microcontroller itself requires a supply voltage of 3V and a clock frequency of 32768Hz, a current of 20uA (microampere), so the average total current at about Is 0.02mA. If the battery pack used has a capacity of 1000mAh, the calendar can 1000mAh / 0.02mA = 50000h or 2083 days run. So it would only take after 5 years Battery pack of the calendar can be replaced.

If the rate deviation, as can be achieved with a quartz-stabilized clock generator, is 1 second on Day after 5 years it would be 365s * 5 = 30.4 minutes. Because the day of the week hand of the calendar is moved one step forward every 120 minutes, the gait deviation is still significantly below that Step size of the day of the week pointer. So the calendar, after a battery change and one manual time programming of the control run for 5 years without service work.

The task, in particular for a calendar according to claim 1, a gear connection between to create the day of the week and day of the month, so that these displays by only one electrical Drive can be driven, according to the invention is also solved with the 6th claim.

The operational connection of the day of the week and day of the month is shown in FIG. 10. With each step of the drive, the day of the week hand (39) and the day of the month hand (40) are preceded by a day of the week or day of the month. In principle, such a mechanical coupling between the day and month hand is not new. It is used in mechanical clocks with weekday and month display. However, in months with less than 31 days, the day of the month must be corrected manually.
In contrast to conventional solutions, the control drives the drive and thus the day of the week and day of the month even when changing a month with less than 31 days until the correct day of the week and day of the month are displayed. It is not enough, for example, that the drive moves the day of the month pointer 2 steps from the 30th to the first day of the month for a month change of a month with 30 days of the month, because then the day of the week pointer would also be set 2 steps ahead and a day of the week would be skipped. However, if one looks at FIG. 11, it can be seen that after 7 revolutions of the day of the day hand (40) with 31 steps of the drive, the day of the week hand (39) has run through all days of the week and is again in its original position.
If, as in the example above, a weekday was overrun by changing from the 30th to the 1st day of the month, the controller can correct this by letting the drive run a further 2 * 31 steps. The controller is also able to do this, because it calculates the target position of the pointers taking into account the time in the time registers, the gear ratio and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values shown on the scales.

For example, if the date changes from Saturday, the 30th day of the month to Sunday, the 1st day of the month, the controller first drives the drive 2 steps, with the weekday hand indicating Monday and the month hand indicating the 1st day of the month. After 31 drive correction steps, the day of the month hand shows a first day of the month and the day of the week shows Thursday. After a further 31 steps of the drive, the correct date Sunday, the 1st day of the month, is displayed. The correction of months with 28 or 29 days is carried out analogously.
The advantage of such a coupled display of the day of the week and day of the month is that the controller normally only has to advance the drive one step to change the day in order to update the display of the day of the week and day of the month. A larger number of steps is only necessary when changing a month with less than 31 days.

In general, the day of the week and day of the month display of a device according to claim 6 can be done both as a pointer display and in another way, such as by a disk labeled with numbers in a fixed window, and the arrangement of the display elements can be any.
A day of the week and month day display coupled in accordance with FIG. 10 in connection with a corresponding electronic control and a separate drive for the day of the week and month day display can advantageously also be used in a clock indicating the days of the week and month. When used in a calendar according to claim 1, the months must also be displayed. The controller can drive the month hand using a further drive and a further gear.
According to claim 7, another possibility is to link the monthly display with the monthly display, the transmission ratio between the monthly and monthly displays being 12 to 1 (see FIG. 12). When changing a month with 31 days, the month display is correctly set to the next month. However, if the month to be changed is shorter than 31 days, the weekday display is corrected by several rounds of the month display, as already described. This will of course set the wrong month. As can be seen from FIG. 11, after 7 revolutions of the day of the month the original day of the week and of course the original day of the month are set. After these 7 revolutions of the day of the month, the month hand is placed 7 months ahead. If the month hand is rotated a total of 12 times for 7 revolutions, the month hand runs through every month and then returns to the month of origin. The month hand runs through the numerically represented months (January 1, December 12) in the following order 1->8->3->10->5->12->7->2->9->4->11->6> first
For example, if the date changes from Monday, April 30 to Tuesday, May 1, the controller drives the drive 2 steps first, with the day of the week hand (39) pointing to Wednesday, the month hand (40) pointing to the 1st and Month hand (41) is set to May (Figure 12a). Now the day of the week is corrected by the control driving the drive 62 steps, whereby Tuesday, the 1st is displayed, but the month hand has moved 2 months and now points to July (Figure 12b). The control must then correct the month, taking the drive 10 * 7 * 31 steps. Starting in July, the month hand points to the following months after 7 * 31 steps of the drive or 7 revolutions of the day of the month:
February, September, April, November, June, January, August, March, October, May. This completes the correction and the correct date, Tuesday, May 1st, is displayed (Figure 12c).
The following table shows the number of steps of the drive when changing the month depending on the number of days in the month. Number of days in a month Steps of the drive in a month change to correct the Sum of the correction steps for the weekday and month month tags weekday month 28 4 6 * 31 6 * 7 * 31 1488 29 3 4 * 31 8 * 7 * 31 1860 30 2 2 * 31 10 * 7 * 31 2232 31 1 - - 0

A large number of correction steps must be carried out 5 times a year. In one Year with 365 days the drive must total 12 * 31 + 4 * 2232 + 1488 = 10788 steps and in one Leap year 12 * 31 + 4 * 2232 + 1860 = cover 11160 steps.

However, the months do not have to follow continuously because e.g. not by a pointer pointing to a Month scale points, but displayed by a rotating monthly disc in a fixed window they can be distributed so that the response times are reduced. One in that regard more favorable arrangement of the months e.g. on a monthly disc is achieved in the following order: July-August-September-March April-October-November May-June-December January-of February.

For all months with 31 days in which no correction of the weekday is necessary, the following month follows on the monthly disc. When changing the months April, September and November with 30 days, the day of the month must be rotated twice to correct the day of the week, whereby 2 months are skipped on the month. Since the months of May, October and December do not follow the months of April, September or November directly on the monthly disc, but two months have been inserted in between, the month display is correct after the day of the week has been corrected. An additional correction of the monthly display only has to take place in February and June. month Steps of the drive in a month change to correct the Sum of the correction steps for the weekday and month month tags weekday month February (28 days) 4 6 * 31 3 * 7 * 31 837 February (29 days) 3 4 * 31 5 * 7 * 31 1209 June (30 days) 2 2 * 31 7 * 7 * 31 1581 April, September, November (30 days) 2 2 * 31 - 62 January, March, May, July, August, October, December (31 days) 1 - - 0

In a year with 365 days, the drive only needs a total of 12 * 31 + 3 * 62 + 1581 + 837 = 2976 Steps and 12 * 31 + 3 * 62 + 1581 + 1209 = 3348 steps in one leap year. However, the monthly disc cannot move forward like a pointer continuously throughout the month but must be switched step by step when changing from the 31st to the 1st of a month become.

The setting times after commissioning and after a day change can be quite long for calendar variants with only one drive and a subdivision of the weekday display to display day segments. In order to reduce these times, a calendar with a subdivided weekday display is advantageously equipped with 2 electric drives. The day of the week pointer (43) is driven by a stepper motor SM1 (42) (FIG. 13a) and a further stepper motor SM2 (44) drives the day of the month pointer (45) and, based on this, uses a 12 to 1 translation to drive the month hand (46) (FIG. 13b ).
Such a calendar variant is described in patent claim 8.

The structure of a calendar with 2 stepper motors, a gear level detection and a time signal receiver will be described using an example.
Figures 13a and 13b show the gear chains of a calendar equipped with 2 stepper motors in an exploded view. However, the day wheel (48), the day wheel (49) and the month wheel (50) rotate around a common center. These gears and a 24-hour wheel (47) are arranged according to FIG. 15b so that they partially overlap. In the area of the overlap, these gears are located between a light barrier. The 4 gears are coded according to Figure 15a. The arrow on each gear wheel points to the location illuminated by the light barrier. The coded gearwheels and the light barrier, consisting of infrared LED (54) and infrared phototransistor (55), are the means for detecting the gear status.

FIG. 16a shows the side view of a calendar mechanism housing with the 2 stepper motors (42, 44), the 2 gearboxes and the gearbox position detection ) and a monthly tube (53) connected to the monthly wheel (50) are led out. The calendar pointers are attached to it. Furthermore, under the stepper motor gear block (56) there is a printed circuit board (57) which contains the circuit of the control (including microcontroller and quartz) and the time signal receiver (including receiving IC).
Figure 16b shows the top view of the calendar mechanism housing. In front of the stepper motor gear block (56) there is space for a battery compartment for a 1.5V battery (58) of the R6 type and an antenna (59) for the time signal receiver.
The dimensions of the calendar movement housing correspond to the housing of a quartz or radio clockwork manufactured in standard dimensions. These clockworks are used for installation in table or wall clock housings and are characterized by a length and width of 56mm each and a hole in the middle of the housing, through which a shaft and 2 tubes for attaching the hands are guided (see Figures 5a to 5c) ,
The calendar mechanism can thus be used in any table or wall clock housing which is intended to accommodate such a standardized clock mechanism. FIG. 6 shows such a calendar realized with a wall clock housing (60), FIG. 6a representing the front of the clock housing (60) with an inserted calendar dial (9) and FIG. 6b the rear of the clock housing (60) with a built-in calendar mechanism (61) ,
Of course, the calendar work of other variants of a calendar can also be produced in standard dimensions.
It is also conceivable to market a clock showing the time of day and a calendar together, using the same housing for the clock and the calendar.

Now a circuit of the control and the control program for a calendar should be appropriate Figures 13a, 13b, 15a and 15b are described.

The calendar hands are driven by 2 stepper motors (Figures 13a, 13b). The stepper motors are constructed analogous to conventional stepper motors of quartz clocks. You will be with impulses alternating polarity controlled, the pulse length of the stepper motors used here about 50ms is. A stepper motor performs one step per pulse, its rotor being rotated by 180 °. With In a step of stepper motor SM1 (42), the day of the week pointer (43) is chosen based on the Gear ratio increased by 2 hours. With a step from stepper motor SM2 (44) the Month hand (45) by one day of the month and month hand (46) by 1/31 of a day of the month purposed.

Figure 14 shows the circuit of the control of the calendar. A central component of the control is a microcontroller type PIC 16C505 from Microchip.
1024 commands can be stored in the program memory of this microcontroller, and 72 bytes of data can be stored in the data memory. The microcontroller requires a supply voltage in the range from 2.5 to 5.5 V, it can be operated with clock frequencies from 32 kHz to 20 MHz and has 11 I / O pins (direction programmable) and 1 input pin (Pin4 - RB3). An external crystal can be connected to pins 2 and 3, otherwise an internal RC oscillator is used for clock generation. The microcontroller includes an 8-bit timer that can count the clock pulses divided by a programmable divider, as well as an internal power-on-reset circuit.
The microcontroller is operated in the circuit with an operating voltage of 3V and a quartz-stabilized clock frequency of 32768 Hz, which serves as the time standard, and even in this configuration consumes a current of approximately 15 microamps (uA). The outputs can deliver both low and high levels of at least 5mA (at an operating voltage of 2.5V).
Since the stepper motors are designed for a voltage of 1.5V, a series resistor of 240 ohms is connected in front of each stepper motor.
A fully assembled module is used as the DCF77 receiver. The circuit of this module is not shown here, only the interface was drawn, via which the receiver is connected to the controller. The operating voltage of the DCF77 receiver must not exceed 2V. It is switched on by the RB0 output of the microcontroller and stabilized to slightly below 2V via the green LED (D3). The program-controlled connection of the supply voltage of the DCF77 receiver fixes the low-active enable input (DCFOn /) to ground. The second pulses of the DCF77 signal are made available via the output DCF77 of the receiver, amplified via the transistor Q2 and reach the input RB3 of the microcontroller. The program of the microcontroller ensures that when the DCF77 receiver is switched on, the second pulses are indicated by the red led (D2).
In addition to the second pulses, the state of the jumper JP1 and the state of the light barrier of the calendar can be queried at the input RB3 of the microcontroller via the infrared transistor Q1. To ensure that the query is clear, the controller may only activate one of the 3 elements. For example, if the control has switched on the operating voltage of the DCF77 receiver via output RB0 in order to query the seconds pulses at output DCF77, the infrared LED D1 must be switched off and the jumper JP1 must not be set. The jumper JP1 is used to place the pointer, whereby the gear of the calendar is brought into a clear starting position. It is plugged in before the operating voltage is applied, its status is read in by the control system after the operating voltage has been connected and must then be removed. The controller waits for the jumper to be removed and does not take any action during this time.
Since the PIC 16C505 type microcontroller used in the controller requires a voltage of at least 2.5V, two 1.5V primary cells are required. These do not fit into a calendar work in standard dimensions. If, however, a microcontroller is used in the control, which manages with a supply voltage of 1.5V and is designed as an SMD component, a battery compartment for a battery can be integrated into the housing of a calendar mechanism in standard dimensions.

This concludes the description of the circuit and the description of the control program of the microcontroller follows.
The clock frequency of the microcontroller of 32768 Hz serves as the time standard. A programmable divider and the 8-bit counter / timer are initialized so that the frequency is divided from 32768 Hz by 128 to 256 Hz and then fed to the 8-bit hardware counter. This counter thus overflows every second. Since the PIC 16C505 microcontroller has no interrupts, the software must ensure that any overflow of the 8-bit hardware counter is recognized. Based on this overflow that occurs every second, the software counts the seconds, minutes, hours, days of the week, days of the month, months and the distance from the leap year in further registers in the data memory. The program takes into account the different number of days of the month depending on the month and year with 365 days or the leap year with 366 days.

Since the 8 bit hardware counter is increased by 1 every 1 / 256s or approximately every 4ms and can be queried by the program, the software can determine the length of an event with an accuracy of 4ms. For example, the software can switch on the magnetic coils of the stepper motors for a defined time or measure the pulse length of the second pulses of a DCF77 time telegram.
Before the time is displayed, the software must determine the gear unit status and read in a DCF77 time telegram.

The gearbox level detection is carried out first. For this purpose, the position of the day of the week wheel is first determined, for which step motor SM1 (42) is switched one step further, then the infrared LED D1 is switched on and the state of the light barrier is queried by querying the phototransistor Q1. This continues until it is possible to conclusively determine the status of the weekday wheel. If after a certain number of steps of the stepper motor SM1 the light barrier is not transparent, the day or month wheel interrupts the light barrier. Then the stepper motor SM2 is advanced a few steps before the process is repeated with the stepper motor SM1.
After the position of the weekday wheel has been recognized, the position of the day and month wheel is recognized analogously, but the stepper motor SM2 (44) is moved for this purpose.
During one revolution of the monthly wheel (50), 3 positions can be recognized based on the coding of the monthly wheel. However, if jumper JP1 was inserted while the operating voltage was being applied, the gearbox will be moved to a clear position for setting the pointer (e.g. January 1, Monday, midnight).

After recognizing the gearbox status, the position of each pointer is saved by the software in gearbox status registers. These registers are updated with every step of a stepper motor.
Now the registers that count the time are synchronized with the DCF77 time telegram. As is known, the DCF77 transmitter transmits a carrier frequency of 77.5 kHz, which is reduced to 25% of its amplitude every second for a period of 100 ms (low bit) or 200 ms (high bit). These reductions are also referred to as second marks and encode the time information. The time stamp of the 59th second is missing and indicates the end of a minute. These second marks are present at the DCF77 output of the receiver as a high level, otherwise this output is at a low level.
The control now switches on the DCF77 receiver, waits for the missing time stamp of the 59th second, then starts the evaluation, measuring the length of the second marks, assigning them high or low levels and then saving them. If all seconds marks up to the 59th second could be recognized, if there were no errors in the length measurement and no parity errors, then the conversion into the binary number system takes place. If the time is valid, the time registers are synchronized with the imported time telegram. If an error occurred, a new time telegram is read.
After reading in a time telegram, the time registers are continuously updated by the control. The target position of the pointers is calculated taking into account the time register, the gear ratio and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values shown on the scales. The stepper motors and thus also the pointers are then advanced until the target position of the pointers matches the actual position stored in the transmission status registers.
Since the calendar and the clock now run with quartz accuracy, the DCF77 receiver is switched on for synchronization once a day at 3.00.45 and tries to read in a new time telegram. If a time telegram cannot be read due to poor reception, the DCF77 receiver is switched off again at 3.08.15. Time telegrams that were read incorrectly are ignored.

If there is a switchover between summer time and normal time or between normal time and summer time, the next time a DCF77 time telegram is read in, the time-counting registers and, if necessary, the weekday pointer are corrected.
The green LED D3 indicates that the DCF77 receiver is switched on, the red Led D2 shows the seconds markers. In the event of poor reception, a change in the calendar can attempt to find a better reception position.
The time and gear status registers are part of the working memory of the microcontroller.

The power consumption of this variant of the calendar is to be examined. The current consumed during commissioning for gearbox level detection is not taken into account.
In one year, the stepper motor SM1 that drives the weekday hand completes 365 * 12 = 4380 steps. The stepper motor SM2, which drives the day and month hands, completes 31 * 12 = 372 steps during this time. The current through the solenoid of each stepper motor should be 5mA and the solenoid should be switched on for 50ms per step. The average current of the stepper motors is 5mA * 50ms * (4380 + 372) / (365 * 24 * 60 * 60s) = 38nA.
The DCF77 receiver is switched on for an average of 3 minutes every day. It requires a current of 0.1mA, but a current of 2mA flows via the green LED to keep the voltage constant. The red LED for displaying the seconds mark requires a current of 2mA, which however only flows for around 15% of the switch-on time. The average current for the DCF77 receiver and the LEDs is (0.1mA + 2mA + 0.15 * 2mA) * 180s / (24 * 60 * 60s) = 5uA.
The PIC16C505 microcontroller used in the controller requires a current of 15uA, so that the average total current is around 20uA. If the battery pack used has a capacity of 1000mAh, the calendar can run 1000mAh / 0.02mA = 50000h or 2083 days. This means that the battery pack of the calendar would only need to be replaced after more than 5 years, provided batteries with a low self-discharge rate are used.
Special microcontrollers have a clock frequency of 32768Hz and their power consumption is far below that of a PIC16C505 microcontroller (approx. 1 microampere versus 15 microampere) and only require a voltage of 1.5V. If the two LEDs are then omitted, only a current of 0.1 mA flows for 3 minutes a day when a DCF77 time telegram is received. Then the average power consumption is reduced to 38nA (for the stepper motors) + 0.1mA * 180s / (24 * 60 * 60s) = 208nA (for the DCF77 receiver) + 1000nA (for the microcontroller) = 1246nA. A battery with a capacity of 1000mAh could theoretically drive such a calendar 1000mAh / 1246nA = 802568h or 91 years. In practice, however, this time cannot be achieved due to the self-discharge rate of the battery.

A slightly different circuit and a slightly different control program compared to the presented variant have already proven themselves in practice. However, was different from the ones here presented gears for the calendar of the stepper motor gear block of a commercially available Radio wall clock used.

This also includes 2 stepper motors and 2 gears, some of the gears of the gears are coded and illuminated by a light barrier for gearbox level detection. The former second hand, which rotates once with 60 steps of a stepper motor, is now used to display the day of the week and the former minute and hour hand, which rotates once with 240 or 12 * 240 steps of the second stepper motor, is now used for the day of the month or month.
It would be conceivable to also use the original microcontroller circuit of this radio clock for the calendar, only special software being used for a calendar. In this case, such a radio calendar would only differ from a radio clock by the use of a special software variant and a different dial. However, the gear ratios of this radio clock are not optimal for a calendar, so that the gear ratios of the gear should also be changed. A manufacturer of such radio clocks can thus also produce a radio calendar with minimal additional effort.

An exact display of the time of day in addition to the calendar display is possible by a separate clock, but has the disadvantage that a separate battery pack must be used for the calendar and the clock. Furthermore, each device would need its own controller and possibly also a DCF77 receiver. The control of a preferred variant of the calendar can therefore also drive a clock.
Claim 9 describes a calendar-clock combination. In order to simplify commissioning, both the calendar and the clock have a gearbox level detection. The features listed in the 9th claim ensure that the clock and the calendar run synchronously.
Figure 17 shows the block diagram of a variant of such a calendar-clock combination, which is equipped with a time signal receiver.

Figure 18a shows the front of a housing (66) with the dials of the clock and the calendar, in which such a calendar-clock combination was installed. Figure 18b shows the back of this housing (66) with a built-in calendar movement (61) and a built-in clockwork (67). The calendar mechanism (61) contains the power supply (battery), the control (1), a time signal receiver (6), as well as the drive (s) (2), the gearbox (s) (3) and the gearbox status detection (4) of the calendar. The clockwork includes the drive (s) (62), the gearbox (s) (63) and the gearbox position detection (65) of the watch. The drive (s) (62) and the transmission status detection (65) of the watch are connected to the control (1) built into the calendar mechanism housing via a plug-in connecting cable (68).
Due to the spatial separation of the clock and calendar mechanism, which are only connected via a cable, and the use of a dial for the clock and the calendar, large, easy-to-read displays are possible for both the clock and the calendar.

The control of the calendar can be synchronized with the current time by receiving a time signal, eg from the DCF77 transmitter, or by manual programming. In the case of manual programming, only one method is surely useful in which the parameter values to be programmed are visualized with a pointer of the calendar. Anything else would involve expensive additional hardware.
DE 3890910 T1 describes a method for programming the date for a clock with a minute and hour display, and a device for displaying the date (not shown in more detail). With a spindle which can be brought into 3 positions by pulling it out or pushing it in, the parameters to be programmed are selected as day of the month, month or year. By turning the spindle, which is equipped with a pulse generator, the value of the selected parameter can be changed, whereby the value is visualized by a pointer of the clock. The pointer only moves to as many positions in one revolution as the parameter to be programmed includes values. For example, January is displayed when programming the month, with the second hand at position 5, February through position 10 and December through position 60. All intermediate positions are quickly overrun. The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be read directly what has been set. You have to know that for example January corresponds to position 5 of the second hand. A spindle with 3 contacts and a pulse generator is also required. The setting of the time of day is not mentioned, presumably it is done in a conventional way, by turning the spindle minute and hour hands. However, programming a time of day using this method would also be problematic because both hours and months comprise 12 values and it would therefore no longer be possible to clearly determine what is being programmed from the pointer position and the movement of the pointer. Furthermore, no programming of a weekday is provided. This would also be problematic with this method, because again it would be impossible to uniquely identify the parameter to be programmed from the course and position of the pointers.

• zwar auch ein Zeiger zur Visualisierung der Werte dient, diese aber direkt von der Monats-, Monatstag-, und Wochentagskala abgelesen werden können
• die relativ aufwendig zu realisierende Spindel durch eine einfache Taste ersetzt wird
• auch der Wochentag und die Tageszeit programmiert werden können.

The invention seeks to avoid the disadvantages of the method for programming the date described in DE 3890910 T1 by

• Although a pointer is also used to visualize the values, these can be read directly from the monthly, monthly, and weekday scale
• the spindle, which is relatively complex to implement, is replaced by a simple button
• the day of the week and the time of day can also be programmed.

According to the invention the task of manual programming of a calendar according to claim 1 is solved with the 10th claim.
The calendar control is programmed manually using a button connected to the control and is visualized by the day of the week (10) of the calendar. The means for manual time programming listed as a feature in claim 1 thus consist of the button and the day of the week (10). The control program communicates with the means for manual time programming and processes the procedural steps of the 10th claim. In a calendar with 2 drives, the day of the month pointer can also be used to visualize parameter values, eg to visualize the days of the month.

After pressing the key in a predetermined manner, for example a longer key press, the calendar is in programming mode.
Now the parameters month, day of the month and day of the week are programmed with the time of day. For this purpose, the parameter values are visualized by the day of the week pointer (10) running in succession to every possible value of a parameter and remaining there for about 1 second. For the visualization of the months, the weekday pointer (10) points to each month on the monthly scale (15, see FIG. 19b), the days of the month to every month on the monthly day scale (13, see FIG. 19c) and the days of the week with time of day to each Day of the week segment and each division of the time of day within this day of the week segment on the weekday scale (11, see FIG. 19d). If the last value of a parameter has been started, the next time will start with the first value (for example, after the 31st day of the month, the 1st day of the month will be started). This happens as long as the operator does not press the button. However, if the key is pressed, the currently set value is saved by the control in one of the time registers and the next parameter is programmed in the same way. After programming the last parameter, the day of the week hand (10) preferably still moves to a basic position (Monday, midnight).
When the button is pressed again, the control starts counting the time and sets the pointers to the programmed time in high speed. This concludes the programming of the control.
It is also conceivable that the year is also programmed to take leap years into account. To do this, it is sufficient to enter the interval from the last leap year, i.e. 0, 1, 2 or 3 years. A leap year is visualized by pointing the weekday pointer (10) to the limit between Sunday and Monday of the weekday scale (11), the first, second or third year after a leap year by pointing to a position of the weekday scale (11) that is 90 °, 180 ° or 270 ° from this position (see Figure 19a). The disadvantage, however, is that no scale on the dial (9) of the calendar contains the years, so that a direct display of the values is not possible.

The manual programming of the control is to be explained using an example, whereby the time Monday, September 5, 1.30 a.m. is programmed in a leap year. A calendar with a division of each weekday into 12 sections of 2 hours each is used.
After the button has been pressed for at least 2 seconds, the calendar is in programming mode.
Now the leap year is shown by pointing the weekday hand (10) to the Monday position at 0 o'clock on the weekday scale (11) and then the first, second and third year after a leap year by pointing to a position that is 90 °, 180 ° or 270 ° is located from the position of the leap year, visualized, the weekday pointer (10) each running quickly to one of these positions and remaining there for one second (see FIG. 19a). As long as the key is not pressed, the weekday hand (10) repeats this cycle again and again. After the day of the week hand (10) points back to Monday 0 o'clock and thus visualizes a leap year, the operator presses the button. The control saves the leap year in one of the time registers and now visualizes the months by the day of the week pointer (10) running quickly to a month segment of the month scale (15), remaining there for a second and continuing this process with the next month segment as long as the key is not is operated (see Figure 19b).
After the month of September is reached, the operator presses the button. The controller saves the month of September in one of the time registers. Now the day of the week pointer (10) quickly runs up to the days of the month on the day of the month (13), starting with the first day of the month. He pauses for a second every day of the month.
Because the day of the week hand (10) rotates after 7 * 12 = 84 steps of the drive and these 84 steps are not divisible by 31 (the number of days of the month), the day of the week hand (10) cannot always be exactly in the middle of a day Show month segment. However, a clear readability is still guaranteed (see Figure 19c).
When the weekday hand (10) has reached the 5th day of the month, the operator presses the button again. The controller saves this day of the month in one of the time registers. Now the day of the week hand (10) gradually starts the days of the week and their time on the day of the week scale (11), starting on Monday at midnight (see Figure 19d). Since one step of the drive advances the weekday hand (10) by 2 hours each, the time Monday, 1.30 a.m. cannot be shown exactly.
The operator could now press the button on the weekday scale (11) in the first position (Monday 0:00 a.m.) or in the second position (Monday 2:00 a.m.). In the first case, the calendar would run for 90 minutes, in the second case 30 minutes. An exact programming of the time according to this procedure is therefore only possible if the last actuation of the key with which the time programming of the control is completed and with which the control starts counting takes place at the time that exactly one of the weekday hands ( 10) corresponds to the time that can be represented on the weekday scale (11). The operator presses the button in the Monday position at 2:00 a.m. The controller also stores the day of the week and the time of day in other parts of the time register. The day of the week hand (10) now returns to the basic position (Monday 0:00). When the button is pressed again, the control starts counting the time, for which it updates the time registers according to the elapsed time and sets the pointers to the programmed time in rapid mode.

Now a method for manual time programming is to be presented for a calendar-clock combination according to claim 9.
A method analogous to the method for manual programming of the control with the calendar parameters according to claim 10 is conceivable for programming the time.
The programming of the control with the calendar parameters is carried out as in the method according to claim 10, but it is sufficient to program only the half of the day when programming the times of a day of the week, the day of the week then only visualizing the times of the day on the mornings and the mornings Afternoon is set.
The exact time of a half day is communicated to the control system by programming with the time.
Method step 10.6 is also omitted, since the time must first be programmed before the time counting begins and the programmed time is started by the pointers.
Now the hour and minute parameters of the clock are programmed one after the other.
For this purpose, the parameter values are visualized by the second hand, or if the clock does not have a second hand, the minute hand runs in succession to every possible value of a parameter and remains there for about 1 second. For example, the second hand or minute hand points to the hour successively to every hour (see FIG. 20a) and the minutes to each minute in succession (see FIG. 20b). This happens as long as the operator does not press the button connected to the control. However, if the button is pressed, the currently set value is saved by the control and the next parameter is programmed in the same way. If the second hand is used for visualization, it preferably still runs to the 0th second. After pressing the button again, the control starts counting the time and sets the hands of the calendar and the clock to the current time at high speed.
The method presented for programming the control of a calendar-clock combination with the time is also suitable for manual programming of the control of a radio clock if it cannot receive the time signal.

In addition to the date, there may also be a wish to have events (eg public holidays) or time ranges (eg seasons) displayed.
One or more scales containing such events or time ranges could be added to the calendar's monthly scale.

1

Steuerung Kalender

2

Antrieb(e) Kalender

3

Getriebe Kalender

4

Getriebestandserkennung Kalender

5

Anzeige für Kalender

6

Zeitzeichenempfänger

7

Zeitnormal

8

Stromversorgung z.B. Batterie

9

Zifferblatt Kalender

10

Wochentagzeiger

11

Wochentagskala

12

Monatstagzeiger

13

Monatstagskala

14

Monatszeiger

15

Monatskala

16

Rotor

17

Wochentagrad

18

Wochentagzeiger

19

Schaltrad

20

Schaltstift

21

Monatstagrad

22

Monatstagzeiger

23

Rastfeder

24

Monatsrad

25

Monatszeiger

26

Rotor

27

24-Stunden-Rad

28

Wochentagrad

29

Wochentagzeiger

30

Schaltrad

31

Schaltstift

32

Monatstagrad

33

Rastfeder

34

Monatstagzeiger

35

Monatsrad

36

Monatszeiger

37

Lichtquelle

38

Lichtempfänger

39

Wochentagzeiger

40

Monatstagzeiger

41

Monatszeiger

42

Schrittmotor SM1

43

Wochentagzeiger

44

Schrittmotor SM2

45

Monatstagzeiger

46

Monatszeiger

47

24-Stunden-Rad

48

Wochentagrad

49

Monatstagrad

50

Monatsrad

51

Wochentagwelle

52

Monatstagrohr

53

Monatsrohr

54

Infrarot-Led

55

IR-Fototransistor

56

Schrittmotoren-Getriebe-Block

57

Leiterplatte

58

Batterie

59

Antenne

60

Wanduhrengehäuse

61

Kalenderwerk

62

Antrieb(e) Uhr

63

Getriebe Uhr

64

Anzeige Uhr

65

Getriebestandserkennung Uhr

66

Gehäuse Kalender mit Uhr

67

Uhrwerk

68

Verbindungskabel

69

Sekundenzeiger

70

Minutenzeiger

71

Stundenzeiger

72

Stunden- u. Minutenskala

73

Zifferblatt Uhr

74

Schrittmotor

75

Wochentagrad

76

Wochentagzeiger

77

Monatstagrad

78

Monatstagzeiger

79

Monatsrad

80

Monatszeiger

81

Monatstagrohr

82

Feder

83

Trieb am Monatstagrad

84

Einstellvorrichtung (Einsteilrad)

85

Zwischenrad

86

Taste

87

Batterie

88

Leiterplatte

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Control calendar

2

Drive (s) calendar

3

Gear calendar

4

Transmission level detection calendar

5

Calendar display

6

Time signal receiver

7

time standard

8th

Power supply eg battery

9

Dial calendar

10

week hand

11

weekday scale

12

Monatstagzeiger

13

Monatstagskala

14

month hand

15

month scale

16

rotor

17

Wochentagrad

18

week hand

19

ratchet

20

switch Probe

21

Monatstagrad

22

Monatstagzeiger

23

detent spring

24

month wheel

25

month hand

26

rotor

27

24-hour wheel

28

Wochentagrad

29

week hand

30

ratchet

31

switch Probe

32

Monatstagrad

33

detent spring

34

Monatstagzeiger

35

month wheel

36

month hand

37

light source

38

light receiver

39

week hand

40

Monatstagzeiger

41

month hand

42

Stepper motor SM1

43

week hand

44

Stepper motor SM2

45

Monatstagzeiger

46

month hand

47

24-hour wheel

48

Wochentagrad

49

Monatstagrad

50

month wheel

51

weekday wave

52

Monatstagrohr

53

month pipe

54

Infrared Led

55

IR phototransistor

56

Stepper motors transmission block

57

circuit board

58

battery

59

antenna

60

Wall watch case

61

Calendar works

62

Drive (s) clock

63

Gear clock

64

Display clock

65

Transmission level detection clock

66

Housing calendar with clock

67

clockwork

68

connection cable

69

second hand

70

minute hand

71

hour hand

72

Hourly u. minute scale

73

Dial clock

74

stepper motor

75

Wochentagrad

76

week hand

77

Monatstagrad

78

Monatstagzeiger

79

month wheel

80

month hand

81

Monatstagrohr

82

feather

83

Shoot on the monthly day wheel

84

Adjustment device (one-piece wheel)

85

idler

86

button

87

battery

88

circuit board

Claims (10)

Calendars equipped with a weekday (10), a day of the month (12) and a month (14) which rotate around a common center and to which a day of the week scale (11), a day of the month scale (13) and a month scale (15) are assigned, wherein the 3 scales extend over 360 ° and are arranged concentrically to each other on a dial (9) and the calendar continues an electronic control (1) which contains, among other things, time and gear register, a power supply (8), for example a battery that can be inserted into the calendar, a time standard (7), for example a quartz, one or more electric drives (2), each of which drives the pointer via a gear (3), Means for recognizing the transmission status (4) or means for manually setting the pointers into a defined position expected by the control a device for receiving a time signal transmitter (6) or means for manual time programming,
includes and the controller executes a program that the transmission status is determined by communication with the means for recognizing the transmission status and stored in the transmission status registers or the transmission status register is initialized according to a defined position into which the pointers have to be brought manually, counts every step of a drive and updates the gear register, taking into account the gear ratio, the time is determined by querying the device for receiving a time signal transmitter or by a method for manual parameter programming using the associated means and stores it in the time registers, counts the impulses of the time standard and updates the time register according to the elapsed time, whereby the number of days of the month depending on the months is taken into account at least for years with 365 days and possibly also for leap years, taking into account the time in the time registers, the gear ratio and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values displayed on the scales, the target position of the pointers is continuously calculated and the drive or drives continues until the actual position of the pointer stored in the transmission status registers matches the target position (FIGS. 1 and 2). Calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the weekday scale (11) is divided into 7 weekday segments and each weekday segment is further divided in time and the gear ratio is selected so that the weekday pointer (10) runs through a weekday segment with at least 2 steps of the associated drive and the control drives this drive and thus also the day of the week pointer so that day segments are displayed for each day of the week. A day and month display device for a calendar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the day hand is connected to a day wheel and the day hand is connected to a day wheel the weekday wheel is connected to a drive with a gear ratio such that every weekday or every day segment of a weekday can be represented on the weekday display, characterized in that the weekday wheel drives the monthly day wheel via a gear coupling with a gear ratio of at least 31 to 1, so that after each rotation of the daily wheel by a constant angle of at least 360 °, the monthly day wheel is rotated so that the next following day of the month is shown on the day of the month and the control brings the displays into the desired position corresponding to the time by driving the drive and thus also the weekday wheel and the monthly day wheel until the correct day of the month is displayed first and then the correct day of the week and, if applicable, the correct day segment of the day of the week. (Figures 3a-3c, 4a, 4b, 7). Calendar according to claims 1 and 3, with a stepper motor as a drive, with 7 steps of the stepper motor, the day wheel (17) rotates, characterized in that the weekday wheel (17) evenly drives a ratchet wheel (19) via a 1 to 1 ratio and the switching wheel (19) is equipped with a switching pin (20) and this switching pin (20) engages in the toothing of the month-day wheel (21) equipped with 31 teeth and rotates it by one tooth and the month-day hand (22) by one day during the rotation of the weekday pointer (18) from Sunday to Monday, at the times , in which the switching pin (20) of the switching wheel (19) does not engage in the toothing of the day wheel (21), the day wheel (21) is locked by a detent spring (23) and the monthly day wheel (21) drives a monthly wheel (24) connected to a monthly pointer (25) via a 12 to 1 ratio, whereby the control brings the hands into the desired position corresponding to the time by driving the stepper motor and thus the hands until the correct month is displayed first, then the correct day of the month and finally the correct day of the week (Figure 4a, 4b). Calendar according to claims 2 and 3, with a stepper motor as a drive, the weekday wheel (28) or the weekday hand (29) being switched one step of the day with one step of the stepper motor, characterized in that the weekday wheel (28) drives a ratchet wheel (30) with a constant gear ratio of 8 to 7, so that one revolution of the ratchet wheel (30) when the weekday wheel (28) is rotated by one revolution and a weekday, which is an angle of 360 ° + Corresponds to 1/7 * 360, and thus the switching wheel (30) during the entire rotation of the weekday wheel (28) by 7/8 of 360 ° and while rotating the weekday wheel (28) by 360 ° / 7 by a switching angle W of 1/8 * 360 ° = 45 ° and the switching wheel (30) is equipped with a switching pin (31) which engages in the toothing of the month-day wheel (32) equipped with 31 teeth during the rotation of the switching wheel (30) by the switching angle W and this engages around a tooth and the day of the month ( 34) thus rotates a day of the month further, at which the switching pin (31) of the switching wheel (30) does not engage in the toothing of the day wheel (32) the day wheel (32) is locked by a detent spring (33) and the month day wheel (32) drives a month wheel (35) connected to a month hand (36) via a 12 to 1 gear ratio and the controller drives the weekday wheel (28) so that the range of the switching angle W passes quickly and is not used for display and the control brings the hands into the desired position corresponding to the time by driving the stepper motor and thus the hands until the correct month is displayed first, then the correct day of the month and finally the correct day of the week and the correct day segment (Figures 7 and 9a -9C). Device for the weekday and month display for a calendar according to claim 1,
characterized in that the control via an electric drive and a transmission drives the day of the week hand (39) and the day of the month (40), whereby the day of the week hand (39) rotates with 7 steps or an integer multiple of 7 steps of the drive and between the day of the week and day of the month there is a gear ratio of 31 to 7 and the actual position of the gearbox is brought into line with the target position by the control unit setting the drive and thus also the day of the week (39) and day of the month (40) until the correct day of the week and the correct day of the month are displayed (Figure 10). Calendar according to claims 1 and 6, with a stepper motor as the drive, characterized in that the stepper motor drives the day of the week (39) day of the month (40) and month (41) via a gear,
and the gear ratios of the transmission are chosen so that with 7 steps of the stepper motor one revolution of the weekday hand (39), with 31 steps of the stepper motor one revolution of the month hand (40) and after 12 revolutions of the day of the month, the month hand (41) rotates and
the controller updates the pointer positions according to the elapsed time by setting the stepper motor until the current day of the month, the current day of the week and the current month are displayed (FIGS. 12a-12c). Calendar according to claim 2, characterized in that the controller drives two stepper motors SM1 (42) and SM2 (44) and stepper motor SM1 (42) via a gearbox the day of the week pointer (43) and stepper motor SM2 (44) via a gearbox the day of the month (45 ) and the month hand (46) drives, the gear ratios must be selected so that the weekday hand (43) rotates after at least 14 steps of the stepper motor SM1 (42), one revolution of the month hand (45) takes place after at least 31 steps of the stepper motor SM2 (44), one revolution of the month hand (46) occurs after 12 revolutions of the day of the month (45) and the control brings the hands into the desired position corresponding to the time by driving the stepper motor SM1 until first the correct day of the week and then the correct day section is displayed and drives the stepper motor SM2 until the correct month is displayed first and then the correct day of the month (FIGS. 13a, 13b). Calendar according to claim 2, which is equipped with means for detecting the gearbox position,
characterized in that a passive clockwork (67) is connected to the control (1) of the calendar via a connecting cable (68) and the movement drives an hour hand (71), a minute hand (70) and optionally a second hand (69) and the hands rotate around a common center and an hour and minute scale (72) is assigned to them, the two scales extending over 360 ° and being arranged concentrically to one another on a dial (73) and
the clockwork (67) one or more electric drives (62) which drive the hour hand (71), the minute hand (70) and, if appropriate, the second hand (69) via a gear (63) Gearbox position detection means (65)
includes and the drive (s) (62) and the means for detecting the transmission status (65) are connected to the controller (1) of the calendar and the controller (1) carries out additional program steps which determine the gearbox status of the clockwork by communication with the means for recognizing the gearbox status and store it in gearbox status registers for the clockwork, count every step of a drive of the clockwork and update the gear register for the clockwork taking into account the time in the time registers, the gear ratio of the clockwork and the assignment of the gear positions to the parameter values displayed on the scales, continuously calculate the target position of the hour, minute and possibly the second hand, set the drive or drives of the clockwork until the actual position of the hour, minute and, if applicable, the second hand stored in the gear register for the clockwork matches the target position (Figures 17, 18a, 18b). Method for manual programming of the control of a calendar according to claim 2 with the parameters month, day of the month, day of the week with time of day and possibly the distance from the leap year, wherein 10.1 as a means for manual time programming 10.1.1 a button connected to the control and 10.1.2 the weekday hand (10) serves and 10.2 the conditions must be met that the day of the week (10) of the calendar 10.2.1 projects beyond the monthly day scale (13) and the monthly scale (15) 10.2.2 and can be moved forward in such a step size that enables the controller to clearly point it to every day of the month on the day of the month scale (13) and to every month on the month scale (15),
characterized in that 10.3 the day of the week pointer (10) is used in a later process step to visualize the parameter values, in which case 10.3.1 the visualization of a leap year by pointing to the boundary between Sunday and Monday of the weekday scale (11), the first, second or third year after a leap year by pointing to a position of the weekday scale (11) that is 90 °, 180 ° or Is 270 ° from this position, 10.3.2 the visualization of a month by pointing to one of the 12 months on the monthly scale (15), 10.3.3 the visualization of a day of the month by pointing to one of the 31 days of the month on the day of the month scale (13) and 10.3.4. the visualization of a day of the week with time of day by pointing to one of the 7 day of the week segments and a time of day within this day of the week segment on the day of the week scale (11) and 10.4 the programming mode of the control is activated by pressing the button in a predetermined manner and 10.5 the programming of the parameters takes place in succession in a predetermined sequence, the programming of a parameter being carried out by 10.5.1 the control drives the weekday pointer (10) so that the weekday pointer (10) successively visualizes the values of this parameter by 10.5.1.1 the control quickly starts a value with the weekday pointer (10), 10.5.1.2 stay there for a time in the range of about 0.5 to 1s and 10.5.1.3 then start the next value as long as 10.5.2 until the key is pressed at a set value, this value being considered selected and saved by the control in the time registers 10.6 and after programming all the parameters after another actuation of the key the time counting begins and the control quickly sets the pointers to the target position corresponding to the programmed time (Figures 19a-19d).

Images