EP1171252A1 - Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components - Google Patents

Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components

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Publication number
EP1171252A1
EP1171252A1 EP00914010A EP00914010A EP1171252A1 EP 1171252 A1 EP1171252 A1 EP 1171252A1 EP 00914010 A EP00914010 A EP 00914010A EP 00914010 A EP00914010 A EP 00914010A EP 1171252 A1 EP1171252 A1 EP 1171252A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
forming
heat
temperature
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00914010A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1171252B1 (en
Inventor
Hansruedi Huwiler
Ursula Weidig
Kurt Steinhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUAG Components AG
Original Assignee
RUAG Munition
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUAG Munition filed Critical RUAG Munition
Priority to EP00914010A priority Critical patent/EP1171252B1/en
Publication of EP1171252A1 publication Critical patent/EP1171252A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1171252B1 publication Critical patent/EP1171252B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B21J9/08—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses equipped with devices for heating the work-piece
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the deformability of a material is therefore understood to mean the maximum change in shape that it can endure without breaking.
  • This ability to change shape is characterized by the change in fracture shape or by the tensile strength values determined from tensile tests such as elongation at break and constriction.
  • the fracture shape change is determined in model tests, tensile, compression or torsion tests, whereby the fracture shape change basically corresponds to the logarithmic elongation at break. Proceeding from this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which enables the degrees of deformation to be increased without the workpiece quality suffering as a result.
  • the dimensional accuracy and surface quality should correspond to that of cold forming.
  • the method should allow, in connection with subsequent operations, to switch off, simplify or reduce the cost of individual method steps, such as re-pressing, hardening, polishing, cutting or cutting etc.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the deformation capacity is not a pure material property but also depends on the process conditions.
  • the cold forming or its resulting hardening can be influenced in a targeted manner Temperature curve on the workpiece can be optimized.
  • the heat treatment before, during and after the transverse extrusion can be carried out using means known per se, such as induction heating, flame or laser.
  • the preheating of the workpiece can be carried out inductively, while the targeted introduction of process heat on the press takes place by means of a laser beam of high energy that is guided in a timely and targeted manner.
  • Inductive heating is particularly advantageous in the case of rotationally symmetrical components which are subjected to a later turning and / or grinding operation.
  • the depth of penetration of the heat can be set very precisely by time-dependent control of the frequency of the induction current, so that the transition areas between cold and hot forming can be clearly delimited, cf. Claim 5.- This allows the desired temperature profile to be specified.
  • the heat dissipation can also be controlled by cooled grippers etc. Cooling by water has been preserved; however, it can also be supplemented by subsequent air cooling so that the press is dry when the press is removed. Similar means could be used for further processing of the compact in further process stages, which among other things would considerably improve the throughput time and the energy costs.
  • Fig. 4 shows the implementation of simultaneous cold and hot forming on a hydraulic press, shown m the process steps I - IV and
  • Fig. 5 shows an inventive device for controlled heating of the blank.
  • a blank 100 is heated in its central region 40 by a heat source 30 above its recrystallization temperature. In this case or subsequently, it is placed with its shaft in a die 20 and gripped by a punch 10 on its shaft diameter and deformed with a force F, so that an axially symmetrical collar (flange) is created.
  • the blank 100 is shown individually and provided with dimension lines; the shaft diameter is dl, the lower shaft diameter d2 and the length L0.
  • FIG. 1 creates a pressure 100 'according to FIG. 3, which serves, for example, as a gear shaft.
  • a pressure 100 ' which serves, for example, as a gear shaft.
  • Forming temperature 20 ° C in the cold area resp.
  • a collar diameter D 117 mm
  • a collar width of S2 9.6 mm
  • the workpiece was compressed to a length Ll of 470 mm.
  • the area of material forming S1 is 250 mm
  • the local degree of deformation of cold extrusion is a maximum of 1.2
  • the local degree of deformation of hot extrusion is a maximum of 2.0.
  • the yield stress during cold forming was
  • the yield stress during hot forming was 225 MPa, at the maximum.
  • the dynamic softening processes are exploited locally, whereby the material's ability to change shape remains almost unchanged during the entire forming process.
  • the hardening behavior is modified locally so that the shape change capacity is adapted to the shape change to be achieved. So there is a "tailoring" of the material properties to the forming process. In this way, local degrees of deformation can be made much larger than 1.0 without intermediate annealing. Since the method essentially remains a cold cross extrusion, a comparable accuracy of the final shape and a desired increase in strength are ensured. By adjusting the selected local temperature and controlled cooling, an in sufficient strength of the hot or semi-hot-formed bundle can be produced in practice.
  • Hydro- and aerodynamic means are available for cooling and / or for maintaining the desired temperature gradients.
  • FIG. 4 A commercially available robot 60 with an axis of rotation 61 and two articulated arms 62 and 63 and a controlled hydraulic telescopic arm 64 carries a heater 30 with an induction coil which is connected to a
  • Blank 100 grips and is partially heated by a shifting stroke V.
  • the blank 100 has previously been brought - by the same robot 60 - into the die 20 of a notoriously known hydraulic press 90. Underneath is an ejection cylinder 92; The press die 10 is arranged above the blank 100 and is operatively connected to a press cylinder 91. - This stage of the process is designated I and relates to partial heating.
  • Process stage III shows the final pressing at max. Print; The blank 100 has become the pressing 100 '.
  • process stage IV the die travels back to its starting position, while cooling tongs 50, which move with a water and an air supply is equipped to cool the heated part of the press lmgs 100 '.
  • the cooling tongs 50 are constructed in a manner known per se and have an articulated guide 51 which is compatible with the robot 60.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred variant of an inductive heater 30 by means of an induction coil 30 ', which is fed via a three-phase frequency converter 70, characterized by the phases R, S, T.
  • the mains frequency is denoted by f 1 (the variable frequency f "controlled by a frequency control signal S is supplied to the induction coil 30 'at a constant current ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the frequency control signal S is preferably generated by a program control which takes into account all the parameters of the blank 100 and the press film 100 'to be generated when controlling the heating process.
  • the local degree of deformation is adapted to the desired deformation or can be optimized. Leave it thus producing workpieces that have a homogeneous solidification despite different shape changes.
  • Another advantage is that reproducible, rotationally symmetrical spatial shapes can be achieved from a simple blank, without preforming or without an additional die.

Abstract

The lateral extrusion pressing of a partially-heated workpiece (100) gives an axially symmetrical distortion with increased shaping grades. The workpiece (100) is inserted into a lower die (20), to be pressed by an upper die (10) with a press force (F) The local heating is from the lateral extrusion pressing, with the heat effect (30) matched to the shape change behavior of the workpiece (100).

Description

Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial-symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen Process for massive forming of axially symmetrical metallic components
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der Verfahrenstechnik sind zahlreiche Umformverfahren bekannt, wobei diese entweder am warmen oder am kalten Werkstück erfolgen. Notorisch bekannt ist u.a. das Fliesspressen gemass dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Numerous forming processes are known from process engineering, these taking place either on the warm or on the cold workpiece. Notoriously known is extrusion according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die bekannten Massivumformungen stossen beim Querfliesspressen unter Raumtemperatur rasch an Verfahrensgrenzen, d.h. bei hohen Umformgraden kommt es zu Einschnürungen beispielsweise am Rand eines Bundes, hervorgerufen durch die dort herrschenden tangentialen Zugspannungen, was zum Ver- sagen des Werkstücks durch Aufreissen fuhrt. Bei geringen Spalthöhen können Werkstofftrennungen im Bereich der Fliess-Scheide auftreten, wobei in dieser Zone die lokale Formänderung derart hoch ist, dass das Formänderungsvermögen des Werkstoffs erschöpft wird und kein Kaltverschweis- sen mehr möglich ist.The known solid formations quickly reach process limits in cross extrusion below room temperature, i.e. at high degrees of deformation, there is a constriction, for example at the edge of a collar, caused by the tangential tensile stresses there, which leads to failure of the workpiece due to tearing. At low gap heights, material separations can occur in the area of the flow sheath, the local shape change in this zone being so high that the material's ability to change shape is exhausted and cold welding is no longer possible.
Unter dem Formänderungsvermögen eines Werkstoffs wird daher die maximale Formänderung verstanden, die dieser ertragt ohne dass ein Bruch entsteht. Charakterisiert wird dieses Formänderungsvermögen über die Bruchformanderung oder über die aus Zugversuchen ermittelten Zahigkeitskennwerte wie Bruchdehnung und Einschnürung. Die Bruchformanderung wird in Modellversuchen, Zug-, Druck- oder Torsionsversuchen ermittelt, wobei die Bruchformanderung grundlegend betrachtet der logarithmischen Bruchdehnung entspricht. Davon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches eine Erhöhung der Umformgrade ermöglicht, ohne dass die Werkstuckqualitat darunter leidet.The deformability of a material is therefore understood to mean the maximum change in shape that it can endure without breaking. This ability to change shape is characterized by the change in fracture shape or by the tensile strength values determined from tensile tests such as elongation at break and constriction. The fracture shape change is determined in model tests, tensile, compression or torsion tests, whereby the fracture shape change basically corresponds to the logarithmic elongation at break. Proceeding from this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method which enables the degrees of deformation to be increased without the workpiece quality suffering as a result.
Ebenfalls ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, durch die Umformung die Werkstoffeigenschaften positiv zu beeinflussen, um nachfolgende Wärmebehandlungen in ihrer Zahl zu reduzieren oder gar zu eliminieren. Die Massgenauigkeit und Oberflachengüte soll derjenigen des Kaltumformens entsprechen.It is also an object of the invention to have a positive influence on the material properties through the shaping in order to reduce or even eliminate the number of subsequent heat treatments. The dimensional accuracy and surface quality should correspond to that of cold forming.
Im weiteren soll das Verfahren erlauben, in Verbindung mit Folge-Operationen einzelne Verfahrensschritte, wie Nachpressen, Harten, Polieren, Spanen oder Schneiden etc., auszuschalten, zu vereinfachen oder zu verbilligen.Furthermore, the method should allow, in connection with subsequent operations, to switch off, simplify or reduce the cost of individual method steps, such as re-pressing, hardening, polishing, cutting or cutting etc.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 ge- lost.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass das Formänderungsvermögen keine reine Werkstoffeigenschaft ist sondern auch von den Verfahrensbedingungen abhangt.The invention is based on the knowledge that the deformation capacity is not a pure material property but also depends on the process conditions.
Erfindungsgemass erfolgt daher eine lokale Anpassung des Formänderungsvermögens an die gewünschte Verformung mittels einer gezielten Erwärmung des Werkstucks, wobei eine Kombination von Kalt- und Warmumformung erfolgt, welche die Vorteile der guten Umformung am warmen Werkstuck mit den Vorteilen des Kaltumformens, wie Materialverfestigung, Massge- nauigkeit und hohe Oberflachengute vereinigt.According to the invention, there is therefore a local adaptation of the deformation capacity to the desired deformation by means of targeted heating of the workpiece, whereby a combination of cold and hot forming takes place, which has the advantages of good forming on the warm workpiece with the advantages of cold forming, such as material hardening, dimensional accuracy and high surface quality combined.
Gemass Anspruch 2 kann das Kaltumformen bzw. dessen resultierende Verfestigung durch einen gezielt beeinflussten Temperaturverlauf am Werkstuck optimiert werden.According to claim 2, the cold forming or its resulting hardening can be influenced in a targeted manner Temperature curve on the workpiece can be optimized.
Durch Fuhrung des Abkuhlvorgangs nach dem Querfliesspressen lasst sich zudem die Festigkeit des Werkstucks lokal nochmals verbessern, Anspruch 3.By guiding the cooling process after the cross-extrusion, the strength of the workpiece can be further improved locally, claim 3.
Die Wärmebehandlung vor, wahrend und nach dem Querfliesspressen kann mit an sich bekannten Mitteln, wie Induktionsheizung, Flamme oder Laser, erfolgen.The heat treatment before, during and after the transverse extrusion can be carried out using means known per se, such as induction heating, flame or laser.
Beispielsweise kann die Vorwarmung des Werkstucks induktiv durchgeführt werden, wahrend die gezielte Einbringung von Prozesswarme auf der Presse, durch einen zeitlich und zielgerecht geführten Laserstrahl hoher Energie, erfolgt.For example, the preheating of the workpiece can be carried out inductively, while the targeted introduction of process heat on the press takes place by means of a laser beam of high energy that is guided in a timely and targeted manner.
Insbesondere bei rotationssymmetrischen Bauteilen, welche einer spateren Dreh- und/oder Schleifoperation unterzogen werden, ist eine induktive Erwärmung gemass Anspruch 4 gun- stig.Inductive heating is particularly advantageous in the case of rotationally symmetrical components which are subjected to a later turning and / or grinding operation.
Die Eindringtiefe der Wärmeeinwirkung lasst sich durch eine zeitabhängige Steuerung der Frequenz des Induktionsstromes sehr präzise einstellen, so dass die Ubergangsbereiche zwischen Kalt- und Warmumformung scharf abgrenzbar sind, vgl. Anspruch 5.- Dadurch lasst sich das gewünschte Temperatur- profil vorgeben.The depth of penetration of the heat can be set very precisely by time-dependent control of the frequency of the induction current, so that the transition areas between cold and hot forming can be clearly delimited, cf. Claim 5.- This allows the desired temperature profile to be specified.
Ebenfalls kann die Warmeabfuhr durch gekühlte Greifer etc. gesteuert werden. Bewahrt hat sich eine Kühlung durch Wasser; sie kann aber auch durch eine anschliessende Luftkuh- lung ergänzt werden, so dass die Presse bereits bei der Entnahme des Presslmgs trocken ist. Gleichartige Mittel konnten zur Weiterverarbeitung des Presslings in weiteren Verfahrensstufen eingesetzt werden, was u.a. die Durchlaufzeit und die Energiekosten betrachtlich verbessern wurde.The heat dissipation can also be controlled by cooled grippers etc. Cooling by water has been preserved; however, it can also be supplemented by subsequent air cooling so that the press is dry when the press is removed. Similar means could be used for further processing of the compact in further process stages, which among other things would considerably improve the throughput time and the energy costs.
Nachfolgend werden anhand von Zeichnungen Ausfuhrungsbei- spiele der Erfindung diskutiert, welche durch Versuche und rechnerische Nachprüfung (Simulation) erhärtet sind.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are discussed below with the aid of drawings, which are substantiated by tests and computational verification (simulation).
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung des erfindungsge assen Verfahrens,1 is a schematic diagram of the method according to the invention;
Fig. 2 einen Rohling, vorbereitet für das Querpressen,2 a blank, prepared for cross-pressing,
Fig. 3 den resultierenden Pressung,3 the resulting pressure,
Fig. 4 die Umsetzung der simultanen Kalt- und Warmumformung auf eine hydraulische Presse, dargestellt m den Verfahrensschritten I - IV undFig. 4 shows the implementation of simultaneous cold and hot forming on a hydraulic press, shown m the process steps I - IV and
Fig. 5 eine erfindungsgemasse Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Erwärmung des Rohlings.Fig. 5 shows an inventive device for controlled heating of the blank.
Gemass Fig. 1 wird ein Rohling 100 in seinem mittleren Bereich 40 durch eine Wärmequelle 30 ber seine Rekristalli- sationstemperatur erwärmt. Dabei oder anschliessend wird er mit seinem Schaft in eine Matrize 20 gestellt und durch einen Stempel 10 an seinem Wellendurchmesser gefasst und mit einer Kraft F verformt, so dass ein axial-symmetrischer Bund (Flansch) entsteht. In Fig. 2 ist der Rohling 100 einzeln dargestellt und mit Masslinien versehen; der Wellendurchmesser betragt dl, der untere Schaftdurchmesser d2 und die Lange L0.According to FIG. 1, a blank 100 is heated in its central region 40 by a heat source 30 above its recrystallization temperature. In this case or subsequently, it is placed with its shaft in a die 20 and gripped by a punch 10 on its shaft diameter and deformed with a force F, so that an axially symmetrical collar (flange) is created. 2, the blank 100 is shown individually and provided with dimension lines; the shaft diameter is dl, the lower shaft diameter d2 and the length L0.
Durch das in Fig. 1 aufgezeigte Verfahren entsteht ein Pressung 100' gemass Fig. 3, welcher beispielsweise als Getriebewelle dient. Durch das Querfliesspressen hat sich die ursprungliche Lange L0 auf Ll reduziert, in einem Be¬ reich der Materialumformung Sl sind an der Welle Materialverdickungen feststellbar; gepresst wurde ein Bund mit ei- nem Durchmesser D und einer Bundbreite S2.The method shown in FIG. 1 creates a pressure 100 'according to FIG. 3, which serves, for example, as a gear shaft. By the cross-flow squeezing the ursprungliche length L0 has been reduced to Ll in a loading area of the material forming ¬ Sl are lockable to the shaft material thickened portions; A collar with a diameter D and a collar width S2 was pressed.
Gewählt wurden folgende Parameter:The following parameters were selected:
Werkstoff C15 (1.0441)Material C15 (1.0441)
Umformtemperatur: 20 °C im kalten Bereich resp.Forming temperature: 20 ° C in the cold area resp.
1000 °C im erwärmten Bereich1000 ° C in the heated area
Lange L0 = 565 mmLength L0 = 565 mm
Wellendurchmesser dl - 75, 5 mmShaft diameter dl - 75.5 mm
Schaftdurchmesser d2 = 50 mmShank diameter d2 = 50 mm
Erzielt wurden:The following were achieved:
Ein Bunddurchmesser D = 117 mm Eine Bundbreite von S2 = 9,6 mm Das Werkstuck wurde auf eine Lange Ll von 470 mm gestaucht . Der Bereich der Materialumformung Sl betragt 250 mm Der lokale Umformgrad des Kaltfliesspressens betragt maximal 1,2A collar diameter D = 117 mm A collar width of S2 = 9.6 mm The workpiece was compressed to a length Ll of 470 mm. The area of material forming S1 is 250 mm The local degree of deformation of cold extrusion is a maximum of 1.2
Der lokale Umformgrad des Warmfliesspressens beträgt maximal 2,0 Die Fliess-Spannung bei der Kaltumformung betrugThe local degree of deformation of hot extrusion is a maximum of 2.0. The yield stress during cold forming was
806 MPa, im Maximum.806 MPa, maximum.
Die Fliess-Spannung bei der Warmumformung betrug 225 MPa, im Maximum.The yield stress during hot forming was 225 MPa, at the maximum.
Die numerische Simulation erfolgte mittels der Software MSC/SuperForge 1.0 (Fa. MacNeal-Schwendler GmbH, München)The numerical simulation was carried out using the MSC / SuperForge 1.0 software (MacNeal-Schwendler GmbH, Munich)
Bei der Warmumformung wird eine Verfestigung durch die dynamischen Entfestigungsvorgange weitgehendst verhindert; die Verteilung der Fliess-Spannung ist homogen.During hot forming, hardening is largely prevented by the dynamic softening processes; the distribution of the yield stress is homogeneous.
Durch die erfindungsgemässe partielle Erwärmung werden die dynamischen Entfestigungsvorgange gezielt ortlich ausgenutzt, wodurch das Formänderungsvermögen des Werkstoffs wahrend des gesamten Umformvorganges nahezu unverändert bleibt.Due to the partial heating according to the invention, the dynamic softening processes are exploited locally, whereby the material's ability to change shape remains almost unchanged during the entire forming process.
Das Verfestigungsverhalten wird lokal modifiziert, so dass das Formänderungsvermögen der zu erzielenden Formänderung angepasst wird. Also erfolgt ein "Massschneidern" der Werkstoffeigenschaft an den Umformvorgang. Damit werden dann lokale Umformgrade sehr viel grosser als 1,0 ohne Zwischen- gluhungen möglich. Da das Verfahren im wesentlichen ein Kaltquerfliesspressen bleibt, ist eine vergleichbare Genauigkeit der Endform und eine erwünschte Festigkeitssteigerung gewahrleistet. Durch Anpassen der gewählten lokalen Temperatur und einer kontrollierten Abkühlung kann eine in praxi ausreichende Festigkeit des warm- oder halbwarmumge- formten Bundes erzeugt werden.The hardening behavior is modified locally so that the shape change capacity is adapted to the shape change to be achieved. So there is a "tailoring" of the material properties to the forming process. In this way, local degrees of deformation can be made much larger than 1.0 without intermediate annealing. Since the method essentially remains a cold cross extrusion, a comparable accuracy of the final shape and a desired increase in strength are ensured. By adjusting the selected local temperature and controlled cooling, an in sufficient strength of the hot or semi-hot-formed bundle can be produced in practice.
Zur Abkühlung und/oder zur Aufrechterhaltung der gewünschten Temperaturgefälle bieten sich hydro- und aerodynamische Mittel an.Hydro- and aerodynamic means are available for cooling and / or for maintaining the desired temperature gradients.
Die praktische Umsetzung des erfindungsgemassen Verfahrens ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Ein handelsüblicher Roboter 60 mit einer Drehachse 61 und zwei Gelenkarmen 62 bzw. 63 und einem gesteuerten hydraulischen Teleskoparm 64 trägt eine Heizung 30 mit einer Induktionsspule, welche über einenThe practical implementation of the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4. A commercially available robot 60 with an axis of rotation 61 and two articulated arms 62 and 63 and a controlled hydraulic telescopic arm 64 carries a heater 30 with an induction coil which is connected to a
Rohling 100 greift und diesen durch einen Verschiebehub V gezielt partiell erwärmt.Blank 100 grips and is partially heated by a shifting stroke V.
Der Rohling 100 ist vorgängig - durch denselben Roboter 60 - in die Matrize 20 einer notorisch bekannten hydraulischen Presse 90 verbracht worden. Darunter befindet sich ein Aus- stosszylinder 92; über dem Rohling 100 ist der Press-Stempel 10 angeordnet und mit einem Presszylinder 91 in Wirkverbindung. - Diese Verfahrensstufe ist mit I bezeichnet und betrifft die partielle Erwärmung.The blank 100 has previously been brought - by the same robot 60 - into the die 20 of a notoriously known hydraulic press 90. Underneath is an ejection cylinder 92; The press die 10 is arranged above the blank 100 and is operatively connected to a press cylinder 91. - This stage of the process is designated I and relates to partial heating.
Daneben ist in der Verfahrensstufe II der Beginn des Pressvorgangs dargestellt; der Hydraulikkolben des Presszylin- ders 91 wird in Pfeilrichtung nach unten verfahren.In addition, the start of the pressing process is shown in process stage II; the hydraulic piston of the press cylinder 91 is moved downwards in the direction of the arrow.
Die Verfahrensstufe III zeigt das Fertigpressen bei max . Druck; aus dem Rohling 100 ist der Pressung 100' geworden.Process stage III shows the final pressing at max. Print; The blank 100 has become the pressing 100 '.
In der Verfahrensstufe IV verfahrt die Matrize wieder in ihre Ausgangsposition, wahrend eine Kuhlzange 50, die mit einer Wasser- und einer Luftzufuhr ausgerüstet ist, die erwärmte Partie des Presslmgs 100' abkühlt.In process stage IV, the die travels back to its starting position, while cooling tongs 50, which move with a water and an air supply is equipped to cool the heated part of the press lmgs 100 '.
Die Kuhlzange 50 ist m an sich bekannter Weise aufgebaut und weist eine Gelenkfuhrung 51 auf, welche zum Roboter 60 kompatibel ist. Eingezeichnet sind zudem eine Mediumzufuhr 52, ein Mediumabfluss 53 sowie das zugefuhrte Kuhlmedium M und das abgesaugte Medium M' .The cooling tongs 50 are constructed in a manner known per se and have an articulated guide 51 which is compatible with the robot 60. In addition, a medium supply 52, a medium outflow 53 as well as the supplied cooling medium M and the extracted medium M 'are shown.
In Fig. 5 ist eine bevorzugte Variante einer induktiven Heizung 30 mittels einer Induktionsspule 30' dargestellt, welche über einen dreiphasigen Frequenzwandler 70, charakterisiert durch die Phasen R, S, T, gespeist ist. Die Netzfrequenz ist mit f1( bezeichnet, die durch ein Frequenz- steuerungs-Signal S, kontrollierte variable Frequenz f„ ist bei konstantem Strom ικ der Induktionsspule 30' zugeführt.5 shows a preferred variant of an inductive heater 30 by means of an induction coil 30 ', which is fed via a three-phase frequency converter 70, characterized by the phases R, S, T. The mains frequency is denoted by f 1 (the variable frequency f "controlled by a frequency control signal S is supplied to the induction coil 30 'at a constant current κ κ .
Das Frequenzsteuerungs-Signal S wird vorzugsweise durch eine Programmsteuerung generiert, welche sämtliche Parameter des Rohlings 100 und des zu erzeugenden Presslmgs 100' bei der Steuerung des Erwarmungsvorgangs berücksichtigt.The frequency control signal S is preferably generated by a program control which takes into account all the parameters of the blank 100 and the press film 100 'to be generated when controlling the heating process.
Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen deutlich, dass das erfmdungsgemasse Verfahren für eine Serienfertigung von Bauteilen sehr geeignet ist und deren Gestehungskosten - aufgrund der erzielten hohen Umformgrade - beträchtlich reduziert bzw. Nachbearbeitungsvorgange verkürzt und Materialeinsparungen eronngt .4 and 5 clearly show that the method according to the invention is very suitable for series production of components and their production costs - due to the high degrees of deformation achieved - are considerably reduced or postprocessing processes are shortened and material savings are achieved.
Durch die vorgangig dargestellte Emflussnahme auf das Verfestigungsverhalten mit Hilfe eines vorbestimmten Tempera- turprofils wird der lokale Umformgrad an die gewunscnte Umformung angepasst, bzw. lasst sich optimieren. Es lassen sich somit Werkstucke herstellen, die trotz unterschiedlicher Formanderungen eine homogene Verfestigung aufweisen.Through the influence of the hardening behavior described above with the aid of a predetermined temperature profile, the local degree of deformation is adapted to the desired deformation or can be optimized. Leave it thus producing workpieces that have a homogeneous solidification despite different shape changes.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass aus einem einfachen Rohling, ohne vorformen bzw. ohne eine zusatzliche Ma- trize, reproduzierbare rotationssymmetrische Raumformen erzielbar sind.Another advantage is that reproducible, rotationally symmetrical spatial shapes can be achieved from a simple blank, without preforming or without an additional die.
Mittels einer axialen Stauchkraft und über das vorgewählte Temperaturprofil eingestellte lokale Formänderungswiderstände, können diese gewünschten Raumformen geschaffen wer- den.- Die Matrize und der Stempel haben einzig eine Zentrier- und Kalibrierfunktion.These desired spatial shapes can be created by means of an axial compression force and local deformation resistances set via the preselected temperature profile. The die and the punch only have a centering and calibration function.
Werkstofftechnisch betrachtet, wird das erforderliche Profil unterschiedlicher Formänderungswiderstände über unterschiedliche Fliess-Spannungen erzielt.In terms of materials technology, the required profile of different deformation resistances is achieved using different yield stresses.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch eine entsprechende Temperaturverteilung über einer Querschnittsflache von hohlen Rohlingen Dorne ( Innenkorper) überflüssig sind, da die erzielte Verteilung der Formänderungswiderstände über dem Querschnitt die Fliessrichtung des Werkstoffs exakt bestimmt. It has been shown that an appropriate temperature distribution over a cross-sectional area of hollow blanks (mandrels) is superfluous, since the distribution of the deformation resistance across the cross section exactly determines the flow direction of the material.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zur Massivumformung von axial symmetrischen metallischen Bauteilen durch Fliesspressen an einem partiell erwärmten Werkstück, wobei dieses endseitig in einer Matrize gefuhrt ist und durch einen Press- Stempel fliessgepresst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einzig der Bereich des durch Querfliessen zu bildenden Bundes auf eine Temperatur, welche über der Rekristallisationstemperatur liegt, erwärmt wird, wobei diese Temperatur während des Umformvorganges aufrecht erhalten bleibt, und dass dabei in einem durch die Matrize und den Stempel gebildeten axialen Zwischenraum das Formänderungsverhalten des Werkstoffs durch eine gezielte Wärmeeinwirkung an die Umformung angepasst wird, so dass eine simultane Warm- und Kaltumformung des Werkstoffs, mit partieller Kaltverfestigungen, resultiert.1. A method for the massive forming of axially symmetrical metallic components by extrusion on a partially heated workpiece, the end of which is guided in a die and is extruded by means of a press stamp, characterized in that only the area of the bundle to be formed by transverse flow is one Temperature, which is above the recrystallization temperature, is heated, this temperature being maintained during the forming process, and that the shape change behavior of the material is adapted to the forming by targeted heat in an axial space formed by the die and the punch that simultaneous hot and cold forming of the material, with partial strain hardening, results.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest während des Erwärmens des Werkstucks die neben dem Bereich maximaler Umformung vorhandenen Bereiche gekühlt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least during the heating of the workpiece, the areas adjacent to the area of maximum deformation are cooled.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück nach dem Fliesspressen partiell und kontrolliert abgekühlt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece is partially and controlled cooled after extrusion.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur gezielten Wärmeeinwirkung eine Induktionsspule eingesetzt wird, welche durch einen konstanten Strom (ik), während vorgegebener Zeit, die Wärmeeinwirkung auf das rohe Bauteil steuert.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an induction coil is used for the targeted heat, which by a constant Current (i k ), for a predetermined time, controls the heat impact on the raw component.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch eine variable Frequenz (fv) die Eindring- tiefe der Wärmeeinwirkung gesteuert wird. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the penetration depth of the heat is controlled by a variable frequency (f v ).
EP00914010A 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components Expired - Lifetime EP1171252B1 (en)

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EP00914010A EP1171252B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components

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EP99810319 1999-04-16
EP99810319A EP1046440A1 (en) 1999-04-16 1999-04-16 Forging method of axial symmetric metallic workpieces
EP00914010A EP1171252B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components
PCT/CH2000/000212 WO2000062956A1 (en) 1999-04-16 2000-04-12 Method for massive forming axisymmetric metal components

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DE102009009982A1 (en) 2009-02-23 2010-08-26 Unikassel Transfer Gmbh Metakus - Anwendungszentrum Metallformgebung Method for producing internally and externally profiled workpiece i.e. hollow profiled double flanged shaft, by extrusion of massive elements in enclosed tool of hydraulic press, involves using blank and enabling production of workpiece

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AU3548700A (en) 2000-11-02
EP1046440A1 (en) 2000-10-25
WO2000062956A1 (en) 2000-10-26
ATE253422T1 (en) 2003-11-15
DE50004335D1 (en) 2003-12-11

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