EP1170818A2 - Diplexer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Diplexer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1170818A2
EP1170818A2 EP01850118A EP01850118A EP1170818A2 EP 1170818 A2 EP1170818 A2 EP 1170818A2 EP 01850118 A EP01850118 A EP 01850118A EP 01850118 A EP01850118 A EP 01850118A EP 1170818 A2 EP1170818 A2 EP 1170818A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
filter
block
port
transmitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01850118A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1170818A3 (de
Inventor
Ove Persson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sivers IMA AB
Original Assignee
Sivers IMA AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sivers IMA AB filed Critical Sivers IMA AB
Publication of EP1170818A2 publication Critical patent/EP1170818A2/de
Publication of EP1170818A3 publication Critical patent/EP1170818A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2138—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using hollow waveguide filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diplexer for connecting a transmitter and a receiver with one aerial, comprising a first block half with a waveguide duct half and a second complementary block half with a waveguide duct half, said block halves jointly forming a waveguide duct connecting a transmitter port, a receiver port and an aerial port.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a diplexer.
  • Cordless transmission of signals which represent, for example, speech, data or image in digital or analog form often takes place via radio links.
  • base stations are in many cases connected to each other via radio links, and for such cordless transmission of signals, a transmitter, a receiver and an aerial are required.
  • a device is frequently used, which makes it possible to simultaneously transmit and receive signals with the same aerial, so-called full duplex.
  • a diplexer which connects the transmitter and the receiver with the common aerial, is an example of such a device. Using a diplexer, it is possible to transmit signals within a certain transmitting frequency range and at the same time receive signals within another receiving frequency range.
  • a special of type of diplexer is used for transmission of signals with frequencies in the microwave range, i.e. between 10 GHz and 50 GHz.
  • a known diplexer for the microwave range comprises a transmitter filter and a receiver filter.
  • the filters are formed in a common metal block which is composed of two block halves. In each block half, cavities are formed in a certain sequence, and between them material barriers are left. When the block halves are put together, a passage forms through the cavities and round the material barriers. The passage is adjusted so that only signals within given frequency ranges can pass.
  • One portion of the passage serves as transmitter filter by only letting through signals within the transmitting frequency range and another portion of the passage serves as receiver filter by only letting through signals within the receiving frequency range.
  • the common plane between the block halves is in this prior-art diplexer at right angles to the E plane of the waves.
  • the diplexer also comprises a circulator which directs signals from the aerial essentially to the receiver as well as signals from the transmitter essentially to the aerial.
  • Diplexers are available for a plurality of different combinations of frequency ranges of the transmitter filter and the receiver filter, and there is a standard for which combinations are permissible. Diplexers of this type are made for frequencies in the microwave range between 10 GHz and 50 GHz since they would be too large for lower frequencies and too small for higher frequencies.
  • the microwave range is according to the standard divided into a plurality of so-called subbands and each subband is in turn divided into so-called indexes. The number of indexes varies between the different subbands but they can be as many as about 50.
  • the transmitter filter and the receiver filter let through frequencies within a frequency range, or a frequency band, which corresponds to an index. Within a subband there is thus a diplexer in several different embodiments, so-called variants, each variant being a combination of an index of the transmitter filter and an index of the receiver filter.
  • a diplexer of the above type is usually also provided with a large number of trimming screws in the cavities. This is due to the fact that it has until now been impossible to exactly calculate the positioning and dimensioning of the cavities and also to make the filters with sufficiently narrow tolerances. Therefore, the filters need be finely adjusted, trimmed, with the trimming screws by the screws being unscrewed to different extents in the cavities. As a result, the signal is affected so that only the desired frequencies can pass. A problem is that this is an extensive and time-consuming procedure which involves testing by sometimes screwing in/unscrewing one or more trimming screws and sometimes measuring which frequencies pass through the filter.
  • trim-free diplexers i.e. diplexers without trimming screws
  • diplexers without trimming screws
  • the diplexer is formed with an aerial duct which changes into two parallel ducts, one transmitter duct and one receiver duct.
  • the diplexer is manufactured as two block halves where each block half contains a duct half of each duct. A thin, sheet-like filter is placed between the block halves.
  • the filter comprises a transmitter filter portion, which is placed between the duct halves of the transmitter duct and a receiver filter portion, which is placed between the duct halves of the receiver duct.
  • the filter portions are formed with rectangular holes whose shape determines the frequency properties of the filter portions.
  • the latter diplexer type suffers from the fact that it cannot be used for higher frequencies, but close to 20 GHz at most. For higher frequencies, the frequency accuracy of the filter is insufficient. This is due to the fact that the etched holes cannot be made with sufficient accuracy of measurements.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a diplexer without trimming screws which can be manufactured in a less time-consuming and more cost-efficient manner than known diplexers, which is easy to adjust to different variants and which is usable for the entire frequency band for microwaves defined above.
  • the method for manufacturing a diplexer according to the invention is characterised by the steps of
  • a diplexer which is characterised by a filter with a filtering portion in the form of a foil, the filter being arranged between the block halves with its filtering portion between the waveguide duct halves of the block halves.
  • foil relates to a thin sheet, preferably of metal.
  • something has a foil form is meant that something is formed as a thin sheet, preferably a thin sheet of metal.
  • the invention makes it possible for the filtering portion to be made separately from the block halves, which is advantageous since different manufacturing methods and materials can be used for the block halves and the filtering portion.
  • identical block halves with identical waveguide duct halves can also be used for all variants within a subband.
  • the variants are formed by a filter with a filtering portion which lets through the desired frequency band being arranged between the waveguide duct halves of the block halves.
  • the component of the diplexer which causes the filtering i.e. the filtering portion
  • the component of the diplexer which causes the filtering i.e. the filtering portion
  • Many experiments in manufacturing filtering portions precisely from foil have failed owing to the difficulty of forming a sufficiently exact filtering portion.
  • experiments have been made using etched foils, which, however, do not have narrower tolerances than +/-0.02 mm. This is not sufficient but the tolerance requirements placed on a filtering portion in a trim-free diplexer amount to at least +/- 0.01 mm.
  • such narrow tolerances are achieved by the filtering portion being formed by poles being electrical discharge machined in the foil. With an electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, tolerances of +/- 0.002 mm are achieved.
  • EDM electrical discharge machining
  • the poles are made by wire EDM.
  • the poles consist of rectangular electrical discharge machined holes in the filtering portion. These have such a dimension and are placed in such a sequence that only signals within a certain frequency range can pass through the filtering portion when it is mounted in a trim-free diplexer according to the invention.
  • One more advantage of the filtering portion having a foil form and of electrical discharge machining the poles in the foil is that a plurality of filtering portions can be manufactured at the same time. A plurality of foils are placed one upon the other and in all foils the poles are made by EDM or wire EDM simultaneously. The electrical discharge machining of the foil thus is an exact, quick and cost-efficient method of manufacturing the filtering portion.
  • the filter may comprise a holding portion for a filtering portion of a foil form. If the entire filter is of a foil form, the filter can be punched from a foil, after which the poles are electrical discharge machined to form the filtering portion. However, it is possible also to electrical discharge machine the outer contour of the filter. Both the punching process and the EDM process allow manufacture of a plurality of filters at the same time. This also means that the filter need not be kept in stock in large quantities since they can easily and rapidly be manufactured as soon as an order is received. It is, however, also possible to keep filters in stock at significantly lower costs than before since they take up a considerably smaller space than complete diplexers with the filters made of the material. This configuration thus further simplifies planning of deliveries and stock keeping, thus causing reduced costs.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing a trim-free diplexer, i.e. a diplexer without trimming screws, according to the invention also comprises the steps of
  • the waveguide duct comprises a junction point and a transmitter duct which extends from the transmitter port, a receiver duct which extends from the receiver port and an aerial duct which extends from the aerial port which join each other at the junction point.
  • this junction point is also optimised.
  • the angle is essentially 120° between the transmitter duct and the receiver duct, between the receiver duct and the aerial duct and between the aerial duct and the transmitter duct.
  • angles in a given but very limited range round 120 degrees It has been found that the reflection of signals from the transmitter port towards the aerial port and of signals from the aerial port towards the receiver port will be extremely good in this design. The function is even so excellent that a circulator, i.e. the component directing signals from the aerial essentially to the receiver as well as signals from the receiver essentially towards the aerial, can be excluded. Apart from this being a component which is relatively expensive to construct, it is of course advantageous to handle as few component as possible during mounting.
  • junction point 7 can also have a design other than that described above. It may also be a T junction, or a conventional circulator can be used. Nevertheless, the design described above is preferred.
  • At least a portion of the transmitter duct is mirrored relative to at least a portion of the receiver duct along an axis extending through the junction point. This symmetric design is advantageous in manufacturing and mounting.
  • the filtering portion of the filter it is preferred for the filtering portion of the filter to extend maximally over the mirrored portions of the transmitter duct and the receiver duct and for the filter to be reversible. This reduces the number of filters that must be available to make it possible to manufacture all different variants by half. This additionally simplifies planning and stock-keeping, which of course has a positive effect on the costs.
  • the waveguide duct half is milled in a block half.
  • Fig. 1 shows a trim-free diplexer according to the invention when it has been assembled and is ready for use.
  • the diplexer connects a transmitter port 1 and a receiver port 2 with one aerial 3 and comprises a first block half 4 and a second complementary block half 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first block half 4 with a waveguide duct half 6 which preferably is semicircular in cross-section.
  • the waveguide duct half 6 can be milled in the block half 4 or cast together with the block half 4.
  • the cross-section can also have any convenient curve form or be rectangular.
  • the waveguide duct half 6 comprises a junction point 7 and a transmitter duct half 8 which extends from the transmitter port 1, a receiver duct half 9 which extends from the receiver port 2 and an aerial duct half 10 which extends from the aerial port 3, which join each other at the junction point 7.
  • the angle ⁇ between the transmitter duct half 8 and the receiver duct half 9, between the receiver duct half 9 and the aerial duct half 10 and between the aerial duct half 10 and the transmitter duct half 8 is 120° at the junction point 7.
  • a portion 11 of the transmitter duct half 8 is mirrored relative to a portion 12 of the receiver duct half 9 along an axis 13 which extends through the junction point 7 and divides the angle ⁇ into two equal angles of 60°.
  • these mirrored portions 11, 12 there is a depression 14, which is also mirrored along the same axis 13 and intended for a filter 15.
  • the block half 4 there are a plurality of screw holes 16 which are distributed across the block half 4, inter alia also in the depression 14.
  • the number and location of the screw holes 16 is not important and can be varied arbitrarily as long as it is possible to screw together the complementary block halves 4, 5 and the filter 15 so that a sufficiently strong joint is formed.
  • the block half 4 there are also a number of somewhat larger guide pin recesses 17 which are also distributed across the block half 4, inter alia also in the depression 14.
  • the number and location of the guide pin recesses 17 is not important as long as exact positioning of the filter and the complementary block half is ensured.
  • the block halves 4, 5 are made of aluminium and have a surface coating of yellow chromate as protection against corrosion.
  • the second complementary block half 5 will not be explained in more detail since in every essential respect it corresponds to the block half 4 described above.
  • the filter 15 is shown in Fig. 3. It is in the form of a foil and has an outer contour corresponding to the depression 14 in the block halves.
  • the filter comprises a transmitter filter 18 and a receiver filter 19 which are arranged at an angle ⁇ of 120° to which other and whose outer contours are mirrored.
  • poles in the form of rectangular, electrical discharge machined recesses 21 are formed.
  • the filter comprises screw holes 16 and guide pin recesses 17 which correspond to those in the block halves 4, 5.
  • the filter 15 can be arranged in the depression 14 with one or the other of its two main sides facing the block halve 4, i.e. the filter 15 is reversible. This means that the transmitter filter 18 changes to constitute the receiver filter 19 and vice versa when the filter is used oriented in the direction opposite to that shown in Fig. 3.
  • the number and location of the screw holes 16 and the guide pin recesses 17 is not crucial to the invention, but it is most important that the guide pin recesses 17 in the filter 15 and in the block halves 4, 5 match each other since the tolerances for positioning the filter 15 between the block halves 4, 5 are narrow.
  • the screw holes 16 and the guide pin recesses 17 which are formed in the depression 14 must be arranged in a mirrored manner along the axis 13 since the filter 15 would otherwise not be reversible.
  • the filter 15 is in the form of a foil, is made of copper or beryllium copper and has a surface coating of chromate or chemical gold.
  • the surface coating is intended to prevent galvanic currents between the filter 15 and the block halves 4, 5. It is essential for the material of the filter to have low resistivity.
  • step 101 the design of the diplexer as regards transmission within a frequency range is optimised. This is carried out by optimising the form of a waveguide duct 6' which connects a transmitter port 1 and a receiver port 8 with one aerial port 3. It is a requirement that the waveguide duct 6' comprise a junction point 7 and a transmitter duct 8' extending from the transmitter port 1, a receiver duct 9' extending from the receiver port 2 and an aerial duct 10' extending from the aerial port 3, which join each other at the junction point 7.
  • a further condition is that a portion 11' of the transmitter duct 7 be mirrored relative to a portion 12' of the receiver waveguide duct 9' along an axis 13 extending through the junction point 7.
  • a waveguide duct 6' which is circular in cross-section is optimised, but also other cross-sections are conceivable.
  • the depth dimension, i.e. the diameter, of the waveguide duct 6' is particularly important in optimising.
  • a filter 15 is optimised by a filtering portion of the filter 15 being optimised, in which case it is a requirement that the filtering portion maximally cover the mirrored portions 11', 12' of the transmitter duct 8' and the receiver duct 9'. This takes place by optimising the location and the dimensions of the poles in the form of rectangular recesses 21 in the filtering portion. The extent of the recesses in the direction of the ducts 8', 9' and their location along the mirrored portions 11', 12' of the ducts 8', 9' are particularly critical.
  • step 102 the junction point 7 in the waveguide duct 6' is optimised as regards reflection of signals from the transmitter port 1 towards the aerial port 3 and as regards reflection of signals from the aerial port 3 towards the receiver port 2.
  • step 103 the exact data for the mechanical processing of block halves 4, 5 is generated, in which the waveguide duct 6' is to be formed, and of the filter 15, such as data for CAD/CAM equipment.
  • step 104 the complementary block halves 4, 5 are cut out from a large plate of aluminium, and in step 105 a waveguide duct half 6, a depression 14 for the filter 15 and a junction point 7 in each block half 4, 5 are milled. Milling takes place, for example, in an NC machine controlled by the CAD/CAM equipment in accordance with the accurately generated data.
  • step 106 screw holes 16 and guide pin recesses 17 are drilled in the block halves 4, 5.
  • the filter 15 is punched from a foil of copper or beryllium copper in step 108. It is possible to punch through up to 500 foils at the same time.
  • a filtering portion is formed by poles in the form of rectangular recesses 21 being made by wire EDM in the punched-out filter 15, and also in this case it is possible to perform wire EDM through a large number of filters 15 simultaneously.
  • the wire EDM machine is also controlled by the CAD/CAM equipment in accordance with the accurately generated data.
  • the filter 15 is also formed with guide pin recesses 17 and screw holes 16 by, for example, wire EDM or drilling.
  • guide pin recesses 17 and screw holes 16 In connection with the forming of guide pin recesses 17 and screw holes 16, it is, as mentioned above, important for the guide pin recesses 17 in the filter 15 and in the complementary block halves 4, 5 to match each other since the tolerances for the subsequent positioning of the filter 15 between the block halves 4, 5 are narrow. Moreover, the screw holes 16 and the guide pin recesses 17 which are formed in the depression 14 must be arranged in a mirrored manner along the axis 13 since otherwise the filter would not be reversible.
  • the complementary block halves 4, 5 are finished with yellow chromate in step 107 to prevent corrosion, and the filter with chromate or chemical gold in step 110 to prevent galvanic currents between the filter 15 and the block halves 4, 5.
  • the filter 15 and the complementary block halves 4, 5 are assembled in step 111.
  • guide pins are arranged in guide pin recesses 17 in one block half 5.
  • the filter 15 is passed over the guide pins, its filtering portion being positioned over the waveguide duct half 6 of the block half 4.
  • the second complementary block half 5 is passed over the guide pins and arranged against the block half 4.
  • the filter 15 is arranged between the block halves 4, 5 in such manner that the filtering portion is located between the waveguide duct halves 6 of the block halves 4, 5, whereby a waveguide duct 6' with a filtering function is formed.
  • screws are inserted in the screw holes 16 and the block halves 4, 5 are screwed together. Now the diplexer is ready for use without first needing to be trimmed.
  • trim-free diplexer When manufacturing a trim-free diplexer according to the invention it is, of course, also possible to manufacture the block halves 4, 5 and different filters 15 separately and at different points of time for subsequent mounting.
  • the filter 15 thus need not necessarily be recessed in the block halves 4, 5. Also the outer contour of the filter 15 can differ from that described above; for instance it may have an outer contour corresponding to that of the block halves 4, 5. Since the foil, however, is expensive this is a more costly design.
  • the mutual positioning in the block halves 4, 5 and the filter 15 need not take place by means of guide pins and guide pin recesses 17 but can take place in some other convenient fashion, for instance by means of supporting ribs.
  • the block halves 4, 5 can be made of a non-metallic material, e.g. plastic, and be provided with a conductive coating.
  • the block halves 4, 5 can be connected with each other in some other manner than by means of a screw joint, for instance by means of welding or gluing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
EP01850118A 2000-07-04 2001-07-04 Diplexer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP1170818A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0002521A SE519209C2 (sv) 2000-07-04 2000-07-04 Diplexer och förfarande för tillverkning av en diplexer
SE0002521 2000-07-04

Publications (2)

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EP1170818A2 true EP1170818A2 (de) 2002-01-09
EP1170818A3 EP1170818A3 (de) 2004-03-24

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EP01850118A Withdrawn EP1170818A3 (de) 2000-07-04 2001-07-04 Diplexer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9252470B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2016-02-02 National Instruments Corporation Ultra-broadband diplexer using waveguide and planar transmission lines

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5304962A (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-04-19 At&T Bell Laboratories Microwave transmission means with improved coatings
WO1999062192A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-02 Celeritek, Inc. System and method for implementing a hybrid waveguide device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5304962A (en) * 1992-08-11 1994-04-19 At&T Bell Laboratories Microwave transmission means with improved coatings
WO1999062192A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-02 Celeritek, Inc. System and method for implementing a hybrid waveguide device

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARNDT F ET AL: "Waveguide E-plane integrated-circuit diplexer" ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 4 JULY 1985, UK, vol. 21, no. 14, pages 615-617, XP009023175 ISSN: 0013-5194 *
KIRILENKO A A ET AL: "A systematic approach for computer aided design of waveguide E-plane diplexers" INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, MARCH 1999, WILEY, USA, vol. 9, no. 2, pages 104-116, XP009023176 ISSN: 1096-4290 *
MORINI A ET AL: "ANALYSIS OF COMPACT E-PLANE DIPLEXERS IN RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 43, no. 8, 1 August 1995 (1995-08-01), pages 1834-1839, XP000523070 ISSN: 0018-9480 *
MORINI A, ROZZI T: "Constraints to the Optimum Performance and Bandwidth Limitations of Diplexers Employing Symmetric Three-Port Junctions" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. 44, no. 2, February 1996 (1996-02), pages 242-248, XP002266265 *
VAHLDIECK R ET AL: "Computer-aided design of parallel-connected millimeter-wave diplexers/multiplexers" IEEE MTT INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST , 25 - 27 May 1988, pages 435-438, XP010069907 New York, NY, USA *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9252470B2 (en) 2013-09-17 2016-02-02 National Instruments Corporation Ultra-broadband diplexer using waveguide and planar transmission lines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE519209C2 (sv) 2003-01-28
EP1170818A3 (de) 2004-03-24
SE0002521D0 (sv) 2000-07-04
SE0002521L (sv) 2002-01-05

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