EP1168499A1 - Dispositif d'antenne reconfigurable pour station de télécommunication - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne reconfigurable pour station de télécommunication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1168499A1
EP1168499A1 EP01401513A EP01401513A EP1168499A1 EP 1168499 A1 EP1168499 A1 EP 1168499A1 EP 01401513 A EP01401513 A EP 01401513A EP 01401513 A EP01401513 A EP 01401513A EP 1168499 A1 EP1168499 A1 EP 1168499A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna device
antenna
radiating elements
configuration means
spatial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01401513A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
David c/o Mitsubishi Eletric ITE Mottier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Corp
Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center Europe BV Nederlands
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Corp, Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center Europe BV Nederlands filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Corp
Publication of EP1168499A1 publication Critical patent/EP1168499A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to an antenna device, in particular for a telecommunications station and more particularly to an antenna device comprising a periodic arrangement of radiating elements.
  • Such an antenna consists of an array of elementary antennas with a pitch less than or equal to the half wavelength of the transmission frequency, which can be used both in transmission and in reception.
  • the input or output signals of the elementary antennas are phase shifted and weighted so as to obtain the desired radiation pattern.
  • a smart antenna fitted to a base station can form a beam pointing in the direction of a mobile terminal and / or eliminate interference from a determined direction.
  • reception diversity is then exploited, for example by selecting, at a given instant, the diversity branch giving the best signal to noise ratio (Selective Combining) or by summing the different branches after having them weighted by a gain equal to the conjugate complex of the complex attenuation coefficient on the branch considered (Maximal Ratio Combining).
  • the antenna arrays as mentioned above are ill-suited to operating in spatial diversity since the signals received by two consecutive antennas are generally not sufficiently decorrelated.
  • increasing the pitch inevitably introduces lattices into the radiation pattern, which affects the spatial selectivity of the system.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an intelligent antenna which does not have the abovementioned drawbacks, namely allowing both beam formation and diversity reception and which can easily be adapted to a new standard in mobile telephony.
  • the antenna device comprises a plurality of radiating elements arranged in a periodic arrangement having at least a spatial periodicity, characterized in that it comprises antenna configuration means adapted to vary the value of said spatial periodicity as a function of the transmission conditions.
  • the antenna device comprises a beam former adapted to form a beam in at least a first direction from the input and / or output signals of the radiating elements.
  • the antenna device comprises at least one beam former adapted to reject an interfering signal in at least a second direction from the output signals of the radiating elements.
  • the antenna device comprises a receiver or a transmitter adapted to receive or transmit in spatial diversity.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises a mixed system capable of operating either as a beam former or as a receiver in spatial diversity, the configuration means fixing the pitch of the network to a value less than or equal to half a length of wave when the mixed system operates as a beam former and at a value substantially greater than the wavelength when it functions as a receiver in spatial diversity.
  • the configuration means are adapted to place the antenna in an intermediate configuration without antenna processing during the phase of variation of the spatial periodicity.
  • the configuration means comprise hysteresis or timing means capable of eliminating untimely changes in said spatial periodicity.
  • the configuration means comprise at least one rail in which the supports of the radiating elements can slide.
  • the radiating elements consist of a plurality of elementary antennas.
  • the configuration means comprise a plurality of units suitable for weighting and summing a set of output signals from adjacent elementary antennas, a switch directing certain output signals from said units to the inputs of at least one training trainer. beam, the spatial periodicity of the radiating elements being modified by selecting the output signals of elementary antennas and the output signals of these units.
  • the transmission conditions are one or more characteristics of the transmission among the bit error rate, the packet error rate, the signal to noise plus interference ratio, the quality of service, the power consumed by the transmitter responsible for the transmission.
  • the antenna device according to the invention can be integrated into a mobile terminal or a base station.
  • the antenna device generally comprises an antenna array the pitch of which is variable as a function of the transmission conditions.
  • antenna array is meant any arrangement of antennas having at least one spatial periodicity.
  • the network can be linear, circular, matrix, hexagonal without affecting the generality of the invention.
  • transmission conditions is meant any characteristic of the transmission or any factor which may affect it. It will be in the first place the frequency of the carrier used. This will then be the type of propagation: propagation with high or low spatial diversity, multipath propagation with direct or specular line component (Rice model) or lacking such a component (Rayleigh model). It will also be the presence or absence of interfering sources. These will be other factors influencing or characterizing the error rate (binary or packet) such as for example the signal power to noise plus interference ratio (SIR), the quality of service (QoS).
  • SIR signal power to noise plus interference ratio
  • QoS quality of service
  • the transmission conditions set out above in a nonlimiting manner may make one prefer a mode of use of the network according to a reception (or emission) mode in spatial diversity or a beam forming mode.
  • a reception (or emission) mode in spatial diversity or a beam forming mode.
  • the antenna network of a base station receives a signal from a mobile terminal having undergone Rayleigh dispersion, it may be advantageous to opt for a spatial diversity configuration.
  • interfering sources are present or if the system must operate in multiple access by spatial division (SDMA)
  • SDMA spatial division
  • the choice of configuration depends on the performance level of the transmission in terms of bit or packet error rate, signal-to-noise plus interference (SIR), quality of service (QoS) or power consumed by l 'transmitter.
  • SIR signal-to-noise plus interference
  • QoS quality of service
  • this level of performance is predictable: for example, in the case of a signal propagation without Rice-type dispersion and in the absence of interfering signals, it will be advantageous to opt for a configuration in beam formation , both on transmission and on reception, in order to minimize the power consumed by the transmitter.
  • the choice of configuration will be based on simulation results or usage statistics. In the absence of such criteria, the choice will depend on real-time measurements made for one and / or the other configuration.
  • the pitch of the network will be fixed at a value lower or equal to the half wavelength of the carrier frequency used for the transmission whereas if the system opts for the configuration in spatial diversity, the network pitch will be fixed at a value greater than the wavelength.
  • the antenna device according to the invention obviously works both in reception and in transmission. This is easily conceivable when a beam is directed towards a transmitting or receiving station but applies just as validly in the framework of spatial diversity. Thus, when the environment of a base station is not conducive to propagation along multiple paths, the antenna array can be configured so as to introduce spatial diversity to the transmission by increasing its pitch.
  • Fig. 1 schematically represents a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the network 110 consisting of antennas 110 1 ... 110 n is here, by way of example, a linear network but a network of another type could have been used.
  • the antenna device has been illustrated in reception mode.
  • the output signals from the antennas 110 i are transmitted by the duplexers 120 i to the inputs of low noise amplifiers (LNA) 130 i .
  • LNA low noise amplifiers
  • the signals are supplied to an antenna processing module 140 which can either be a LF beam former or a DR spatial diversity receiver if only one or the other configuration is authorized, or even a system mixed allowing both as we will see later.
  • the device further comprises a module 160 analyzing the transmission conditions and choosing, if necessary, between a configuration in beam formation and a configuration in spatial diversity.
  • the decision algorithm will advantageously have hysteresis or respect a time delay after switching in order to avoid untimely configuration changes.
  • the module 160 provides the calculation module 170 with the parameters making it possible to calculate the phase shifts and the weighting coefficients necessary for the beam former as well as the complex coefficients of fading gains necessary for the diversity receiver.
  • the calculation module provides the phase shifts and weighting coefficients to all the trainers.
  • the module 160 supplies the antenna position controller with the network step value to be adopted.
  • the module 160 transmits the necessary signals to the antenna displacement device (s) so that the antennas are positioned according to the desired pitch.
  • the output signals from the beam former are for example directed to an equalization device or to a channel decoder. More generally, antenna processing can be nested with other processing functions of the baseband signal. Thus the equalization can also be carried out branch by branch (diversity configuration) or channel by channel (configuration in beam formation), before the antenna processing.
  • Fig. 2 schematically represents a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the device comprises a network 210 consisting of antennas 210 1 ... 210 n , coupled through duplexers 220 1 ... 220 n to a low noise amplification stage 230.
  • the amplified signals are then directed by means of switches S 1 S 2 ... S n to one (or more) beam trainer (s) 241 or else to a receiver working in spatial diversity 242.
  • the state of the switches is controlled by a module 260 analyzing the transmission conditions. This module also provides the antenna positioning controller with the value of the network step to be adopted. It also transmits to a first calculation module 271 a set of parameters making it possible to determine the phase shifts and the weighting coefficients required for beam formation.
  • These parameters are for example the direction of arrival of the signal to be received, the direction of arrival of an interfering signal, the lobe width of the beam, the mean square error or the instantaneous error between the received signal and a signal reference. It provides a second calculation module 272 with the parameters necessary for estimating the complex fading gains to be applied to the signals of the different antennas.
  • Switching from one configuration mode to another is done by switching the switches and changing the pitch of the network.
  • the grating pitch is fixed at a value less than or equal to the half-wavelength of the carrier frequency used, whereas for reception in spatial diversity, a pitch substantially greater than the wavelength, typically from 4 to 10 times its value, will be retained.
  • the modification of the pitch is not instantaneous, it is important to reduce the transients during switching. To do this, the switching is prepared as follows. Let us suppose the case of a passage from configuration in formation of beam to a configuration in spatial diversity or to another configuration of beam with no different network.
  • phase shifts are tilted, or more advantageously gradually brought to the zero value and the weighting coefficients to the value 1, resulting in widening and depointing of the beam (or of the beams).
  • the network is of the circular type, we will go from a sector diagram to an omnidirectional diagram. If the network covers only one sector, the same will pass from a narrow lobe diagram to a sector diagram.
  • the antenna processing here the beam formation
  • the device is not very sensitive to a variation of the pitch of the network and the modification of the pitch can occur without risk of generation of outliers.
  • the device passes the phase shifts and the weighting coefficients to their new values calculated by the module 271.
  • the device switches the switches S; and applies the spatial diversity treatment.
  • Fig. 3 represents a mixed system which can be used in the production of the antenna device illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Block 140 of FIG. 1 comprises a plurality of 300 k modules and a pair of summers 360, 361.
  • the structure of the 300 k module follows from the observation that certain operations performed for beamforming and for diversity reception are similar.
  • the signal r k (t) at the output of the LNA 130 k first undergoes quadrature demodulation by means of the multipliers 310 and 311 then a low-pass filtering thanks to the filters 330 and 331 which eliminate the components at 2f c .
  • the complex signal r k of components r k I and r k Q is then multiplied by a complex value G k of components G k I and G k Q to obtain a complex product of components r k I * G k I -r k Q * G k Q and r k I * G k Q + r k Q * G k I.
  • the complex products from the modules 300 k are summed by the summers 360 and 361 and the resulting sum is directed to the outputs I and Q of the module 140. If the configuration of beam formation is selected the complex value G k is chosen equal to ⁇ k exp (-j ⁇ k ) where ⁇ k is the weighting coefficient and ⁇ k of phase shift applicable to the antenna k.
  • the 300 k modules associated with summers 360 and 361 then operate as a conventional baseband beam former.
  • the complex value G k is chosen equal to g * k where g k is the complex gain of fading associated with the antenna k.
  • the combination of the 300 k modules, the summers 360 and 361, then function as a diversity receiver of the MRC (Maximum Ratio Combining) type.
  • MRC Maximum Ratio Combining
  • the passage from one configuration to another and more generally the change in the pitch of the network is prepared by fixing the coefficients G k to the value 1, or more advantageously, by gradually bringing, in an initial phase, the coefficients G k at the value 1 in order to avoid any transient phenomenon.
  • the pitch of the network is then modified in an intermediate phase.
  • the coefficients G k are fixed at their new set values, or more advantageously brought gradually, in a final phase, to their new set values in order to avoid any transient phenomenon.
  • the initial phase and the final phase can obviously be instantaneous. However, if one wishes to avoid any transient effect downstream of the 300 k module, smoothing will advantageously be used in the initial phase and the final phase.
  • Fig. 4 shows a first mechanical device for moving the antennas of a network.
  • the device comprises a rail 400 having a U-shaped profile the edges of which are curved towards the center of the rail and in which antenna supports 410 can move. Easy sliding is ensured by rollers (not shown) equipping the bottom and the interior walls of the rail or any other equivalent means.
  • a tab 430 On each antenna support is fixed a tab 430 having at its free end a threaded passage 431.
  • Motors 440 rotate endless screws 420 rotating in the threaded passages 431.
  • the antenna supports can be translated so as to respect a given spacing.
  • Fig. 5 shows a second mechanical device for moving the antennas of an array.
  • the antenna supports 510 can also slide there inside a rail 500.
  • For each support are provided two blades 520 which can pivot around an axis 530.
  • the blades of a support are connected at their ends by axes 540 at the ends of the blades of the adjacent supports.
  • the assembly of the blades therefore forms a trellis which can be compressed or unfolded at will while guaranteeing identical spacing between the different antennas.
  • the compression or expansion of the trellis is ensured by an endless screw driven by a motor and a threaded passage secured to the antenna support at a movable end of the trellis.
  • the second end can be fixed or also mobile.
  • the two movable ends will advantageously both be equipped with the displacement device.
  • the network is matrix, several parallel rails will be used and the inter-rail spacing will be adjusted by means of worm or deformable lattice devices such as described in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the network is circular, devices for moving the antenna on a rack in an arc or by means of an umbrella-type mechanism are also conceivable.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the invention using an electronic device for varying the pitch of the network.
  • the device lends itself well to applications requiring rapid reconfiguration. For reasons of clarity, the low noise duplexers and amplifiers have not been shown.
  • the device consists of a large number of elementary antennas 611 j , for example slot antennas or antennas of the microstrip type, each elementary antenna 611 j being connected to a set of grouping units 620 jk , .., 620 d + k . Equivalently, each grouping unit 620 j receives on its inputs the signals from the elementary antennas 611 jk , ..., 611 j + k .
  • each grouping unit is connected to a switch 630 directing certain outputs of grouping units (in fact the outputs of the active units as we will see below) towards the inputs of the beam former 640 (or even beam operating in parallel) or to a receiver with spatial diversity or even to a mixed system as seen above.
  • the role of grouping circuits is to simulate a network of desired steps. The operation of the grouping circuits is explained in Fig. 7. Three examples of network step simulations A, B, C are shown. On the abscissa are the order numbers j of the elementary antennas and on the ordinate are the values of the weighting coefficients.
  • Example A is a simple case where the elementary antennas are grouped in packets of the same size q.
  • the step of the equivalent network is then q * d where d is the step of the basic network.
  • the output signals of the elementary antennas all undergo the same weighting in the grouping units before being summed there.
  • Below the abscissa line are indicated the active grouping units in the form C z j where j is the index of the active unit 620 j and z is a subset of (-k, -k + 1 , ..., 0, k-1, k) of the connections retained for the weighting, the others being multiplied by a zero coefficient or inhibited.
  • Example B shows the realization of an equivalent network of pitch of form (2p + 1) d / 2 where p is an integer.
  • example C illustrates the general case where one wishes to simulate a network of fractional steps d * q / p with q, integers and q> p.
  • D the amplitude distribution D corresponding to the desired radiation pattern of an equivalent antenna 610 j , for example by means of an inverse Fourier transform. This distribution is repeated at the desired periodicity and the weighting coefficients are obtained as the values of this distribution taken at the points of the basic network.
  • the values are then normalized (not shown) so that the power received per packet is constant.
  • the distribution illustrated is triangular although in practice it will be Gaussian or correspond to a portion of cardinal sinus.
  • the set of 2k + 1 points of higher amplitude are used for weighting and this set determines the grouping unit which will be active for this antenna.
  • the weighting coefficients illustrated are real, it is clear that in general these coefficients will be complex so as to take into account the phase differences between elementary antennas for a given angle of incidence. In the latter case, however, operation in multibeam mode would require replication of the grouping stage for each beam former.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP01401513A 2000-06-20 2001-06-12 Dispositif d'antenne reconfigurable pour station de télécommunication Withdrawn EP1168499A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0007889 2000-06-20
FR0007889A FR2810456B1 (fr) 2000-06-20 2000-06-20 Dispositif d'antenne reconfigurable pour station de telecommunication

Publications (1)

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EP1168499A1 true EP1168499A1 (fr) 2002-01-02

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EP01401513A Withdrawn EP1168499A1 (fr) 2000-06-20 2001-06-12 Dispositif d'antenne reconfigurable pour station de télécommunication

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US (1) US6496157B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1168499A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2002050991A (ja)
CN (1) CN1153490C (ja)
FR (1) FR2810456B1 (ja)

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US7015871B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2006-03-21 Kathrein-Werke Kg Mobile radio antenna arrangement for a base station
EP2025042A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2009-02-18 E.M.W. Antenna Co., Ltd Array antenna system automatically adjusting space between arranged antennas

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CN1599486A (zh) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 具有控制阵列天线中各阵元间距的装置的无线通信设备
ES2222108B1 (es) * 2004-04-02 2006-03-16 Pesa Telecom, S.A. "dispositivo para la transformacion de antenas de transmision de ondas de telefonia y metodo para efectuar dicha transformacion".
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WO2007037630A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-04-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for maximal ratio combining of spatially filtered signals and apparatus therefor
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JP4869972B2 (ja) * 2007-02-14 2012-02-08 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ ユーザ装置、送信方法、及び無線通信システム
US10490892B2 (en) * 2007-12-06 2019-11-26 Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. Satellite ground terminal incorporating a smart antenna that rejects interference
JP2009253379A (ja) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-29 Canon Inc 無線通信装置及び方法
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JP5809482B2 (ja) * 2011-08-15 2015-11-11 株式会社Ｎｔｔドコモ 無線通信システム、無線基地局及び無線通信方法
US8730104B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2014-05-20 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Programmable wide-band radio frequency feed network
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CN109950691A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-06-28 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 毫米波阵列天线和移动终端
CN111029793A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-04-17 南京理工大学 一种高频率敏感度频扫天线
US11448722B2 (en) * 2020-03-26 2022-09-20 Intel Corporation Apparatus, system and method of communicating radar signals
CN111884702B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-11-30 航天科工空间工程发展有限公司 一种低轨卫星通信信令装置的设计方法、装置及系统
US20220086820A1 (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-03-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Real time control of an electronically configurable deflector
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7015871B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2006-03-21 Kathrein-Werke Kg Mobile radio antenna arrangement for a base station
EP2025042A1 (en) * 2006-06-07 2009-02-18 E.M.W. Antenna Co., Ltd Array antenna system automatically adjusting space between arranged antennas
EP2025042A4 (en) * 2006-06-07 2009-07-22 Emw Antenna Co Ltd AUTOMATICALLY SETTING THE INTERMEDIATE INTERACTION BETWEEN PREFERRED ANTENNAS GROUP ANTENNA SYSTEM

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Publication number Publication date
CN1153490C (zh) 2004-06-09
JP2002050991A (ja) 2002-02-15
FR2810456A1 (fr) 2001-12-21
FR2810456B1 (fr) 2005-02-11
CN1329447A (zh) 2002-01-02
US6496157B1 (en) 2002-12-17

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