EP1166588A1 - Procede et appareil de determination de la position d'un telephone cellulaire - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de determination de la position d'un telephone cellulaire

Info

Publication number
EP1166588A1
EP1166588A1 EP00919917A EP00919917A EP1166588A1 EP 1166588 A1 EP1166588 A1 EP 1166588A1 EP 00919917 A EP00919917 A EP 00919917A EP 00919917 A EP00919917 A EP 00919917A EP 1166588 A1 EP1166588 A1 EP 1166588A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
remote station
base stations
relative delay
station
rtd
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00919917A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Samir S. Soliman
Nadav Levanon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualcomm Inc
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Publication of EP1166588A1 publication Critical patent/EP1166588A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/12—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to determining the location of a cellular telephone using forward and reverse link measurements. More particularly, the invention relates to a method to determine the position of a wireless mobile telephone - used in a code division multiple access system - using a combination of forward link measurements made at the mobile phone and reverse link measurements made at one or more base stations.
  • the invention should at least be compatible with CDMA modulated communication systems, and preferably also be compatible with the other communication techniques used in large mobile communication systems, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), and amplitude modulation (AM) techniques.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • One embodiment of the invention provides a method to determine the position of a remote station using a combination of forward link measurements made at the remote station, with reverse link measurements made at one or more base stations.
  • the forward link measurements are taken from signals transmitted from two or more base stations and received by the remote station. These measurements include at least one round-trip-delay for a communication made between the remote station and a base station, and relative delay measurements taken at the remote station.
  • the measurement results are received at a central processing station - also referred to as a "primary" base station, where a primary base station is the base station primarily handling the communication initiated by the remote station.
  • the central processing station performs calculations to determine the remote station position, and may use a- priori information on the exact location of all the participating base stations, as well as the delay calibrations, if any, associated with such base stations.
  • the invention provides its users with numerous advantages.
  • One advantage is that the number of base stations required to locate the remote station is reduced.
  • Another advantage is that if three or more base stations are used to locate the remote station, the location may be determined to a greater certainty than the location provided using prior art methods.
  • Yet another advantage is that using the round-trip-delay measurement in determining the location of the remote station improves, sometimes dramatically, the geometric dilution of precision for a given set of base stations. As discussed below, good geometric dilution of precision means that the effect of any measurement error on position is small and often negligible.
  • FIGURE 2 is an illustration of an article of manufacture pursuant to the invention.
  • FIGURES 5-14 illustrate performance characteristics in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and includes comparisons with known prior art.
  • a remote station 116 refers to all types of telecommunication units, generically referred to as telephones, using a wireless link as a primary means for transferring a communication, such as a cellular, mobile, portable, wireless local loop, or subscriber unit.
  • the remote station comprises a transceiver Linit and other circuitry well known in the art and used to receive and transmit a communication.
  • MSC 102 may be coupled to a base station such as BS 106 or 108 by a link 110.
  • Link 110 may be of the same or similar construct as link 104.
  • the BS may include a processor and storage used to measure selected communication characteristics, such as any delay (D) between the time a communication is sent to and a responsive communication is received from a remote station 116.
  • D any delay
  • the BS attempts a radio link between the BS and the remote unit 116.
  • each BS has a limited range, as shown by area 114 for BS 106, and area 112 for BS 108.
  • both BSs may transmit signals that are received by the remote station 116. If remote station 116 moves out of area 114 and is still within area 112, then BS 106 may discontinue transmitting a signal intended for remote station 116.
  • Hand-offs are generally divided into two categories- hard handoff s and soft handoffs.
  • a hard handoff when a remote station leaves an origination base station, such as BS 106, and enters a destination base station, such as BS 108, the remote station breaks its communication link with the origination base station and thereafter establishes a new communication link with the destination base station.
  • soft handoff the remote station completes a communication link with the destination base station prior to breaking its communication link with the origination base station.
  • the remote station is redundantlv in comrmmication with both the origination base station and the destination base station for some period of time.
  • Soft handoffs are far less likely to drop calls than hard handoffs.
  • a remote station when a remote station travels near the coverage boundary of a base station, it may make repeated handoff requests in response to small changes in the environment. This problem, referred to as ping-ponging, is also greatly lessened by soft handoff.
  • the process for performing soft handoff is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,101,501, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A SOFT HANDOFF IN COMMUNICATIONS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM," and U.S. Patent No.
  • a BS may be integral to BSC 102, or a public switched telephone network, commonly referred to as a PSTN, may be included in the system.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • a different aspect of the invention concerns a method for determining the position of a remote station. Such a method may be implemented, for example, by operating a digital signal processor (not shown) to execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions. These instructions may be inherent to the processor or may be contained within one or more data storage units coupled to the processor.
  • the sequence of machine-readable instructions may reside in whole or in part in various types of data storage units.
  • one aspect of the present invention concerns an article of manufacture comprising a data storage medium tangibly embodying a program of machine-readable instructions executable by a processor, such as a digital signal processor, to perform method steps to determine the position of a remote station using a relative delay and a RTD measurement, as discussed below, for a communication made between the remote station and two or more base stations.
  • the method 300 shown in Figure 3 starts at task 302 when forward link measurements for a communication are made at the remote site 116 shown in Figure 1.
  • the forward link is the wireless communication link between a BS and the remote station 116.
  • These measurements yield in task 304 the relative delays of communication signals received by the remote station 116 from two or more BSs, such as base stations 106 and 108.
  • the relative delays correspond to a range-difference between the various BSs and the remote station 116.
  • at least one RTD measurement - taken for a communication between a serving base station and remote station 116 - is added to the relative delavs of task 304.
  • This RTD measurement is inherentlv available at the serving base station, that is, a base station in communication with the remote station 116.
  • the remote station 116 may store some or all of the measurement information, or may perform some or all of the calculations required to determine its location, therebv making the position determination more efficient, hence faster.
  • the remote station 116 may perform some processing in order to average and reduce the many repetitions of the relative delay measLirements into a representative relative delay value for each base station. This "pre-processing" helps reduce any measurement error and allows transmitting the minimum necessary information to the serving base station.
  • a less desirable alternative is for the remote station 116 to transmit to the serving base station the repetitious raw relative delay measurements.
  • pseudo-ranges are used extensively in global positioning system (GPS) methods and are well known in the art.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • ⁇ [x y ⁇ ] , where [ ] ⁇ indicates the transpose of a matrix.
  • a derivative matrix H is arranged where:
  • GDOP can be easily converted to random positioning error standard deviation (STD), if it is assumed that any random measurement errors are independent and identically distributed (iiD) with an error STD of ⁇ R . In that case, the STD of the horizontal positioning error is simply GDOP • ⁇ R .
  • the N pseudo-range measurements may be replaced with the IV- 1 range-difference measurements and eliminate ⁇ from the unknown vector, yielding substantially similar positioning results.
  • this substitution makes the GDOP calculation more complex because the errors in the range-difference measurements are not independent. Therefore, the calculation of the matrix G involves a non-diagonal error covariance matrix.
  • the position of the remote station is determined in task 412 using iterative least-squares algorithms. This algorithmic technique is well known in the art. The method ends in task 414.
  • contour maps of the GDOP are shown in Figures 6-8, and 10-14.
  • the first example uses three base stations arranged in an equilateral triangle as shown in Figure 5.
  • the contour map of Figure 6 represents a remote station position solution using only relative delays (pseudo-ranges) as suggested in the prior art, such U.S. patent No. 5,646,632 referenced above.
  • the contour map of Figure 7 represents a solution using relative delays plus one RTD , according to our method.
  • the presence of only two base stations still yields large areas with a GDOP smaller than 2.5 on both sides of the baseline.
  • the GDOP increases slightly - to approximately 2.3 - from the three base station resolution of 1.9 shown in Figure 7.
  • the position of the remote station is obtained using iterative least-squares algorithms.
  • the resulting position solution also corresponds to the intersection points between iso-curves generated from the available measurements.
  • the intersections for the prior art method using relative delay (range-difference) measurements only are displayed for the equilateral triangle arrangement of the base stations.
  • These iso-range-difference curves are hyperbolas. Note that outside the hypothetical triangle (not shown) connecting the base stations, and especially near the edges of the figure, the intersecting hyperbolas are nearly tangential. This tangential characteristic represents the cause for the inferior GDOP values noted in these areas for the prior art.
  • Iso-range-difference curves for the present invention are shown in Figure 13. Including at least one RTD measurement between the remote station and, in this example, BS #1 adds iso-RTD curves represented by the circles centered at BS #1 and extending outward therefrom. These "circles” add favorable (nearly perpendicular) intersections with the iso-range-difference curves, resulting in a lower GDOP.
  • any intersection between an iso -RTD curve (the circles) and an iso-range-difference curve (the hyperbolas) has a "twin" or "mirror" intersection that is symmetric with respect to a hypothetical line (not shown) connecting the two base stations, in this example BS #1 and BS #2.
  • This twin intersection may cause ambiguity in determining the location of the remote station 116. If necessary, this ambiguity can generally be resolved using antenna sector information. For example, if two possible solutions are determined for the location of the remote station 116, it may be possible to eliminate one based on the transmission characteristics of the antenna used for that sector or area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de détermination de la position (116) d'une station à distance tel qu'un téléphone cellulaire mobile grâce à des mesures de retard relatif et de distance absolue. Plus particulièrement, l'invention permet de déterminer la position d'une station à distance (116) grâce à la combinaison des mesures de liaison aval effectuées dans la station à distance (116) et des mesures de liaison inverse effectuées dans une ou plusieurs stations de base (106, 108). Ces mesures s'utilisent pour calculer la position de la station à distance (116). Un appareil de calcul peut utiliser des informations a priori sur la position exacte de toutes les stations de base concernées par la détermination de la position du mobile, ainsi que des étalonnages de retard associés aux stations de base.
EP00919917A 1999-03-29 2000-03-28 Procede et appareil de determination de la position d'un telephone cellulaire Withdrawn EP1166588A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28060499A 1999-03-29 1999-03-29
PCT/US2000/008508 WO2000059257A1 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-28 Procede et appareil de determination de la position d'un telephone cellulaire
US280604 2002-10-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1166588A1 true EP1166588A1 (fr) 2002-01-02

Family

ID=23073802

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00919917A Withdrawn EP1166588A1 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-28 Procede et appareil de determination de la position d'un telephone cellulaire

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1166588A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002540439A (fr)
KR (1) KR20020005643A (fr)
CN (1) CN1345523A (fr)
AU (1) AU4053000A (fr)
BR (1) BR0009346A (fr)
CA (1) CA2368193A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL145418A0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01009719A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000059257A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0020517D0 (en) * 2000-08-21 2000-10-11 Roke Manor Research Pseudo active location
US7039418B2 (en) * 2000-11-16 2006-05-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Position determination in a wireless communication system with detection and compensation for repeaters
KR100834616B1 (ko) * 2002-02-27 2008-06-02 삼성전자주식회사 이동 단말기의 위치결정 방법
US7123928B2 (en) * 2003-07-21 2006-10-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for creating and using a base station almanac for position determination
CA2546875C (fr) * 2003-11-26 2016-07-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Procede et dispositif pour calculer une estimation de position d'une station mobile au moyen d'informations reseau
WO2005106523A1 (fr) 2004-04-02 2005-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Procedes et appareils destines a des systemes de determination de position assistes par balises
KR101356019B1 (ko) 2012-05-23 2014-02-05 한국과학기술원 휴대폰 망 이중분리 레이더에서 위치 추정 오차를 줄이는 위치 추정 방법 및 그 시스템
CN114859291A (zh) * 2022-07-07 2022-08-05 广东师大维智信息科技有限公司 狭长空间定位方法、计算机可读存储介质及计算机设备

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5884215A (en) * 1997-01-31 1999-03-16 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for covariance matrix estimation in a weighted least-squares location solution
US6040800A (en) * 1997-04-22 2000-03-21 Ericsson Inc. Systems and methods for locating remote terminals in radiocommunication systems

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0059257A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20020005643A (ko) 2002-01-17
IL145418A0 (en) 2002-06-30
CN1345523A (zh) 2002-04-17
BR0009346A (pt) 2002-12-31
MXPA01009719A (es) 2002-05-14
JP2002540439A (ja) 2002-11-26
AU4053000A (en) 2000-10-16
CA2368193A1 (fr) 2000-10-05
WO2000059257A1 (fr) 2000-10-05

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