EP1163762B1 - Protocole de resolution d'adresse active en multi-diffusion (me-arp) - Google Patents

Protocole de resolution d'adresse active en multi-diffusion (me-arp) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1163762B1
EP1163762B1 EP00901847A EP00901847A EP1163762B1 EP 1163762 B1 EP1163762 B1 EP 1163762B1 EP 00901847 A EP00901847 A EP 00901847A EP 00901847 A EP00901847 A EP 00901847A EP 1163762 B1 EP1163762 B1 EP 1163762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
address
vpn
end station
arp
multicast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00901847A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1163762A1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Wiget
Robert Pluim
Simon Bryden
Geoffrey Mattson
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Nortel Networks Europe SA
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Nortel Networks Europe SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H04L12/4645—Details on frame tagging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/10—Mapping addresses of different types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/35—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities, e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing, i.e. assigning an address to a function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1886—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a scalable and server-less solution to build Virtual Private LAN Segments (VPLS) based on a multicast enabled IP backbone and more particularly to a Multicast-Enabled Address Resolution Protocol (ME-ARP).
  • VPLS Virtual Private LAN Segments
  • ME-ARP Multicast-Enabled Address Resolution Protocol
  • IP Virtual Private Network
  • Any other known layer 2 VPN (Virtual Private Network) solution used in the prior art requires a centralized server where all CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) and IP devices have to be statically or dynamically registered, like LANE (Local-Area-Network Emulation), NHRP (Next-Hop-Routing-Protocol) or Classical IP.
  • LANE Local-Area-Network Emulation
  • NHRP Next-Hop-Routing-Protocol
  • VPLS with different Identifiers can use overlapping IP subnets.
  • a centralized server or a list of CPE devices configured for each VPN is not required.
  • One aspect of the present invention is to provide a scalable and server-less solution to build Virtual Private LAN Segments (VPLS).
  • VPLS Virtual Private LAN Segments
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a Multicast-Enabled Address Resolution Protocol (ME-ARP).
  • ME-ARP Multicast-Enabled Address Resolution Protocol
  • This invention allows the building of independent IP based Virtual Private LAN segments (VPLS) over a multicast enabled IP backbone using stateless tunnels and optimal VPLS traffic forwarding.
  • VPLS Virtual Private LAN segments
  • Each VPLS has an associated IP subnet which is independent from other VPLS or the underlying IP backbone itself.
  • Each Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) device needs only to be configured with a VPLS identifier and its serving IP subnet per VPLS designated interface.
  • each end station connected to a Physical LAN Segment (PLS) does not need to be modified in order to be a member of the VPLS. No other configuration parameters e.g.
  • the unique invention is ME-ARP (Multicast Enabled Address Resolution Protocol) including the creation of constructed lower layer address based on VPN (Virtual Private Network) Id and tunnel endpoint.
  • ME-ARP Multicast Enabled Address Resolution Protocol
  • VPN Virtual Private Network
  • CA Client Address
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • Protocol Address space or network ranges is used to describe the provider allocated IP addresses in his IP backbone. (e.g., Tunnel endpoints have an address assigned out of the PA range).
  • PLS Physical LAN Segment
  • a Virtual Private LAN Segment is the emulation of a LAN segment using Internet facilities.
  • a VPLS can be used to provide what is sometimes known as a transparent LAN service, which can be used to interconnect multiple CPE nodes. It can be seen as a pure layer 2 bridged VPN solution.
  • VPN virtual private networks
  • UVIP Unnumbered VPN IP
  • VPLS is a layer 2 VPN solution.
  • the tunnel endpoint itself must have an IP address assigned, out of the providers address space.
  • IP backbone services are IP multicast capable.
  • CPE devices are able to join a multicast group using IGMP. It is not a requirement that all routers in the backbone have multicast capabilities. It is possible to interconnect the CPE devices via a partially meshed or "star-like" multicast backbone, built using a mix of multicast routing protocols and tunnels to interconnect multicast islands.
  • IP multicast is used to forward broadcast and multicast traffic and for IP address resolution, but not for forwarding of unicast traffic.
  • Fig. 1a we have shown the physical view or service provider's view of a Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS).
  • the IP backbone 10 and CPE devices 11, 12, 13 and 14 are managed and typically owned by the service provider.
  • CPE devices 11-14 are typically comprised of routers, whereas each PLS is typically comprised of several IP capable devices such as end stations (ES1, ES2, etc.)
  • Fig. 1b is a diagram illustrating a logical view of the network of Fig. la or as would be seen from the customer's perspective. Whereas in.Fig. la the CPE devices are visible from the provider's perspective, LAN segments are transparent to the customers as illustrated in Fig. 1b. Similarly, CPE devices which are seen by the service provider are invisible to the customer.
  • a VPLS can span two or more sites, with all IP devices sharing the same IP subnet.
  • the IP address and mask are chosen by the customer without any restrictions in relation to the provider or other customers.
  • the CPE devices, managed by the provider, are transparent to the customer.
  • This type of layer 2 VPN solution possesses the following benefits for the customer:
  • Each VPLS has a provider wide unique IP multicast address assigned.
  • a UVIP interface of a CPE device shown at reference numerals 15, 16, 17 and 18, configured for a particular VPLS, will join the VPN's multicast group by using IGMP. All broadcast traffic is then encapsulated and forwarded to the VPN's IP multicast address. There is therefore no need for a central database to keep track of all UVIP interfaces joining a customer's VPN. This is handled by the IP multicast membership.
  • proxy ARP In order to forward IP unicast traffic, an enhanced version of proxy ARP is used.
  • the differences from the standard proxy ARP are:
  • ME-ARP multicast enhanced ARP
  • Each VPN has a unique identifier assigned. For VPLS built of more than two physically separated sites this is a valid IP multicast address. As each VPN has a unique IP multicast Id assigned, IGMP and any multicast capable routing protocol (DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol), MOSPF (Multicast Open Shortest Path First), PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast), are used by a configured IP VPN interface connecting a Physical Segment to join the VPNs multicast group.
  • DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
  • MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First
  • PIM Protocol Independent Multicast
  • encapsulation formats can be used: without security, with authentication only or with encryption.
  • the encapsulated methods are based on IPsec tunnel mode [RFC2401...RFC2406].
  • the IP2 header contains the IP source and destination address from the providers address space (tunnel endpoint IP addresses or address as destination address).
  • the IP1 header is the original IP packet header.
  • FIG. 2a we have shown an IPsec AH encapsulation (with authentication).
  • Fig. 2b shows an IPsec ESP encapsulation (with auth. privacy).
  • IP multicast and broadcast packets are encapsulated and tagged with the VPN multicast Id in the SPI field of the IPsec AH/ESP header and forwarded to the VPN IP multicast address (equal to VPN multicast Id). All active members of the VPNs multicast group receive the encapsulated packet and forward it to the appropriate VPN's UVIP interface.
  • FIGs. 3 we have shown an ARP Request/Reply packet including Ethernet transmission layer.
  • Fig. 4 we have shown a block diagram of an IP Backbone network and in Fig. 5, we have shown a block diagram illustrating the transfer of packet information between a first and second end station, respectively.
  • end station A wants to send an IP packet to end station B on the same logical subnet but connected to different gateways. It is assumed, that the ARP tables 80 and 81 from both end stations are empty. Therefore end station A sends an ARP request 50 to the ethernet broadcast address 51.
  • CPE A configured with the proper VPN information, checks the source IP address 52 of the ARP request packet 50 against its UVIP interfaces configured on the physical interface.
  • ARP request 50 In case of a match, it encapsulates the whole, unmodified, ARP request 50 into an IPsec packet 55 including the VPN identifier 56(equals assigned IP multicast address) and forwards packet 55 to the VPN's multicast address 57 using the configured local IP tunnel-endpoint 58 as source address.
  • CPE A also adds a local ARP entry for end station A in its ARP table 72 for that UVIP interface. (CPE A will forward the ARP request, even if end station B is connected to the same physical network).
  • This new HW source address 60 is replaced in the ethernet header as well as in the ARP packet 61.
  • CPE B might add an entry to its ARP table 83 for caching.
  • End station B receives the ARP request 62 and respond to it with a normal ARP reply containing its physical HW MAC address 64 as source in the ethernet header and in the ARP reply packet 65.
  • An ARP entry for end station A with the source MAC address from the ARP request is added on end station B.
  • the ARP table 81 of end station B now contains an entry for end station A with a constructed MAC address containing the tunnel-endpoint IP address and VPN Id.
  • CPE B configured to listen for constructed MAC addresses, identifies the ARP reply 63 from end station B by checking the source MAC address 64 as well as the source IP address 66 (part of VPN's IP network), encapsulate and forwards the ARP reply 67 directly to the addressed tunnel endpoint (extract tunnel endpoint IP address from destination MAC address).
  • CPE A decapsulates the ARP reply packet 67, checks the destination or target IP address 68 and replaces the destination or target MAC address 69 with the address found in its local ARP cache, and sends the constructed ARP reply 70 out to end station A on the local attached physical LAN segment.
  • the source MAC address 71(in the Ethernet header and ARP packet) is replaced with a constructed MAC address 72 containing an optional interface locally unique VPN Id and the IP address of CPE B (where the ARP reply came from).
  • ARP table 82 from CPE A does not contain an entry for end station A, then CPE A will have to send an ARP request out for end station A with end station B's IP address before forwarding the ARP reply packet out to end station A.
  • end station A receives the ARP reply packet 70 and builds an entry in its ARP table 80 with an entry for end station B and the MAC address containing the remote tunnel endpoint IP address and VPN Id.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un protocole de résolution d'adresse activé en multi-diffusion (ME-ARP). Ce ME-ARP permet de construire des segments indépendants de réseau local privé virtuel à base de PI sur un réseau PI activé en multi-diffusion (VPLS), ceci à l'aide de tunnels sans état et d'un routage optimal du trafic VPLS. Chaque VPLS possède un sous-réseau PI associé qui est complètement indépendant des autres VPLS ou du réseau PI sous-jacent lui-même. Ainsi, il est uniquement nécessaire de configurer un dispositif des équipements des locaux d'un client (CPE) à l'aide d'un identificateur de VPLS et de son sous-réseau PI asservi par interface de VPLS désignée.

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé d'envoi d'un paquet IP point à point à partir d'une première station d'extrémité à une seconde station d'extrémité dans un réseau privé virtuel (VPN) qui interconnecte des segments physiques de réseaux locaux (PLS) sur un réseau backbone IP (10), les première et seconde stations d'extrémité étant sur le même sous-réseau logique IP et raccordées à différents équipements de site client CPE (11 à 14) via des segments physiques de réseaux locaux PLS respectifs, les équipements de site client CPE (11 à 14) étant raccordés au réseau backbone IP (10), le procédé comprenant :
    la réception dudit paquet IP point à point sur un équipement de site client CPE associé à ladite seconde station d'extrémité ;
    et caractérisé en ce que
    ledit équipement de site client CPE associé à ladite seconde station d'extrémité fournissant à ladite seconde station d'extrémité des informations de résolution d'adresse contenant des informations de correspondance entre une adresse IP et une adresse physique de couche inférieure de ladite première station d'extrémité, ladite adresse physique de couche inférieure étant construite par ledit équipement de site client CPE associé à ladite seconde station d'extrémité et comprenant des informations d'appartenance à une réseau privé virtuel VPN et d'emplacement distant physique pour que l'adresse de couche inférieure construite contienne suffisamment d'informations afin que ledit équipement de site client CPE envoie un paquet à l'emplacement physique distant correct.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel des tunnels sans état sont utilisés entre différents équipements de site client CPE (11 à 14), et lesdites informations d'emplacement distant physiques comprennent des informations d'adresse de point d'extrémité de tunnel distant qui ont une correspondance directe avec une adresse de couche liaison.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel des interfaces IP de réseau locaux non numérotées (15 à 18) génèrent l'adresse de couche liaison sur la base d'un identifieur de réseau privé virtuel VPN configuré et des points d'extrémité de tunnel dynamiquement appris.
EP00901847A 1999-03-12 2000-02-11 Protocole de resolution d'adresse active en multi-diffusion (me-arp) Expired - Lifetime EP1163762B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12406699P 1999-03-12 1999-03-12
US124066P 1999-03-12
PCT/IB2000/000150 WO2000056018A1 (fr) 1999-03-12 2000-02-11 Protocole de resolution d'adresse active en multi-diffusion (me-arp)

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EP1163762A1 EP1163762A1 (fr) 2001-12-19
EP1163762B1 true EP1163762B1 (fr) 2006-07-19

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EP (1) EP1163762B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2314100A (fr)
CA (1) CA2367397A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60029430T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000056018A1 (fr)

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US8024474B2 (en) 2011-09-20
US7702808B2 (en) 2010-04-20
US20110317698A1 (en) 2011-12-29
US20140286335A1 (en) 2014-09-25
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US8782288B2 (en) 2014-07-15
US20100228879A1 (en) 2010-09-09
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EP1163762A1 (fr) 2001-12-19
US6640251B1 (en) 2003-10-28
US20040030804A1 (en) 2004-02-12
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