EP1157751A1 - Transducteur électrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine - Google Patents
Transducteur électrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157751A1 EP1157751A1 EP01401347A EP01401347A EP1157751A1 EP 1157751 A1 EP1157751 A1 EP 1157751A1 EP 01401347 A EP01401347 A EP 01401347A EP 01401347 A EP01401347 A EP 01401347A EP 1157751 A1 EP1157751 A1 EP 1157751A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- pole pieces
- heat
- air
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
- G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
- B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to transducers of the type electrodynamics which allow to emit within the sea acoustic waves, more particularly sound waves. These transducers are particularly useful in sonar technique.
- transducers in this case. electrodynamic type, which include a pavilion driven by a voice coil located in an air gap. These transducers of this type are quite similar to the well-known speakers in musical acoustics.
- This transducer according to the prior art, represented on the Figures 1 and 2 attached, includes a body formed by a base 101 onto which a shirt 102 is fitted, topped with a cup 103. These different pieces fit together in the others so as to delimit cylindrical cavities of revolution around the axis of the transducer, into which the other parts forming this transducer.
- a first cylindrical cavity delimited between the base and the jacket makes it possible to maintain a magnetic circuit formed by a first and second pole pieces 104 and 105 in the form of crowns centered on the axis of the transducer.
- the first room polar 104 is L-shaped with the inner branch of L which comes overflow inside the central transducer chamber.
- the second pole piece 105 is in the form of a flat washer. All two are kept separate by a set of magnets 106 on which they are tightened by adjusting the shirt 102 in the base 101. In this way a magnetic circuit is obtained which is only interrupted by a thin air gap 107 having the shape of a cylinder centered on the axis of the transducer and coming close to the inner side surface of the dish 103.
- the central space of the transducer body forms a second cylindrical cavity in which a core 108, in the form of mushroom, comes to be embedded by its central rod in the opening central circular of the pole piece 104.
- the lower part of the nucleus head substantially hemispherical in shape, rests on the upper part of the same pole piece 104.
- the movable element of the transducer is formed by a part hollow 109 having the shape of a dome covering a cylindrical part which comes to engage in the air gap 107. So that this part is at the very solid, very light and very rigid, it is for example formed by a carbon fiber fabric embedded in a resin matrix.
- the upper surface of dome 109 is covered with a piece 110 of which the upper surface is substantially flat and which forms the pavilion of the transducer. It is realized, to be itself very light, for example in syntactic foam.
- the pavilion 110 therefore behaves like a piston whose lateral outer surface is cylindrical. This piston slides in a cylinder formed by the lateral interior surface of the cup 103, itself substantially cylindrical. These two pieces, and more particularly pavilion 110, are made so as to present an extremely small adjustment clearance, of the order of 0.2 mm per example. We thus form a mechanical filter which slows the propagation shock wave that can come from an external explosion possible, by laminating in this interstice the fluid in which bathes the pavilion.
- the upper part of the space center of the transducer body is filled with a fluid, an oil per example, suitable both for this protection and for the propagation of acoustic waves.
- a fluid an oil per example, suitable both for this protection and for the propagation of acoustic waves.
- the space 113 is closed at its upper part by a membrane 112, which is fixed on the periphery of the cup 103.
- the lower part of the central space, opposite to the part where is located this oil is filled with air.
- another waterproofing membrane 115 is used, rubber for example, much more flexible than the membrane 112 and which is on the one hand fixed to the external lateral wall of the pavilion 110 and on the other hand on the inner side wall of the dish 103. This fixing is effected by pinching between this cup 103 and shirt 102.
- the outer side surface of the roof is machined at this level to have a setback from nozzle 111, which presents clearance reduced described above, and form a free space for the membrane 115.
- this assembly is stiffened using a set of radial ribs 116 which are distributed on the inner periphery of the dome 109 and come join in a star below the lower part of the stem of the mushroom forming the core 108. These ribs slide in grooves 117 formed in the core 108 and in the first pole piece 104. These grooves are relatively wide at the core level and are narrower at the pole piece to minimize the loss of magnetic flux, which can be reduced to a very low value of a few percent.
- An axis 118 joins the center of the upper part of the dome 109 in the center of the star formed by the union of the ribs 116, in below the underside of the core 108.
- This axis allows both to stiffen the assembly and ensure its vertical centering with respect to to the axis of the transducer.
- the axis is fixed by its lower part to the center of a flat spring 119 itself circumferentially fixed in the lower part of base 101.
- This spring of the type known under the name of "flector”, is formed of a flexible and elastic washer carrying openings circumferential allowing air to pass freely into the lower part of the central space of the transducer, between the two parts delimited by the plan of this spring. This spring ensures no only the centering, but it avoids the rotational movements of the moving crew who would rub the ribs against the walls of the grooves in which they slide.
- the driving action that makes the whole move dome / flag along the axis of the transducer, to emit the acoustic waves, is obtained by the interaction between the field magnetic which circulates between the pole pieces and that delivered by a coil 120 wound on the lateral sides of the cylindrical part dome 109 lower.
- This coil is therefore immersed in the air gap between the two pole pieces, which achieves the classic diagram of an electrodynamic transducer, This coil is supplied by means not shown in the figure and which are known in the art.
- the ribs 116 also serve as a heat sink over the entire height of the coil 120, to dissipate the heat given off level by directing it towards the other parts of the transducer.
- the internal part 114 delimited by the dome 109, the base 101 with the bottom closed, the jacket 102 and the membrane 115 is filled with air to allow the travel of the moving part, as seen above.
- the moving part sinks towards the bottom of the base 101 by compressing the spring 119 and the volume of air included in this part 114.
- This movement naturally tends to modify the electroacoustic characteristics of the transducer, in particular by modifying the respective positions of the coil and the parts polar,
- a compensation tank, or air chamber, 121 formed of a pocket flexible, in rubber for example, subject to environmental pressure marine and communicating with Part 114 through a conduit 122.
- this inner tube is toroidal in shape and is located in another cylindrical cavity internal 123 which is delimited inside the transducer by the walls of the shirt 102 and of the cup 103. This cavity is therefore itself toroidal and closed and it surrounds the location of the pavilion 110.
- openings 124 which allow seawater to enter cavity 123 and to compress the inner tube, In this way the inner tube is protected against mechanical external aggressions by the walls of the cavity where it is located.
- the diameter of the openings 124 is planned for shock waves from an explosion possible external is attenuated in passing through these openings, so that there is no danger of overpressure at the air chamber.
- These openings being round, their diameter may be greater than the thickness of nozzle 111.
- Such a transducer works perfectly, and resists by example with the explosion of a ton of TNT located 30m from it.
- the large current which then flows in the coil 120 causes a strong local heating which can no longer be dissipated correctly by the means provided to date, in particularly by the fins 116.
- the invention provides a transducer electrodynamics for underwater acoustics, of the type comprising a body provided with pole pieces defining an air gap, a crew mobile provided with a dome extended by a cylinder supporting a sliding winding in this air gap, a flexible membrane ensuring the seal between the moving part and the body in determining an internal part filled with air, and a pavilion surmounting said dome and sliding in said body forming therewith a nozzle whose play value is fixed so as to allow protect said membrane against shock waves from explosions outside the transducer by laminating these waves of shock in said nozzle, mainly characterized in that one of said pole pieces is provided with at least one opening allowing air circulation inside the internal part to effectively cooling said coil.
- it further comprises a heat conducting mass located between said pole pieces to drain the heat released by the winding.
- it further comprises a set of magnets placed between the pole pieces, characterized by what it further includes a set of conductive masses of the heat interposed between the magnets.
- said masses heat conductors are made of aluminum.
- the invention therefore proposes to remove the air confinement in this part 130 where is plunged the lower part of the coil 120 by making holes 131 in the magnetic circuit 104.
- These holes which in this example are substantially vertical realization, therefore put in communication the part 130 of the cavity 114 with the part 126 of this same cavity, located at the bottom of the transducer under the core 108.
- the additional communication thus created between part 125 of the cavity 114, located above this core 108 and this part 126, allows air circulation.
- the latter having heated up on contact of the coil 120 comes back up in the part 125, cools by contact with the various massive parts of the transducer, then returns to part 126 of cavity 114, descending through different holes located in the central part of the transducer.
- the invention proposes, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, to machine the lower part of the housing 101, inside of it at level of the part 126 of the cavity 114, by milling the interior of the latter so as to release a circular shoulder 132 so that the holes 131 can themselves be machined vertically while opening into part 126 of cavity 114.
- the invention proposes, to improve heat transfer between the interior of the transducer, plus particularly from the volume of air flowing at the part 130 of the cavity 114, to place between the magnets 106 135 metallic masses which form thermal drains between the inside of the transducer and the outside environment, through the shirt 102.
- These metallic masses are machined to offer a maximum thermal path to the heat released when occupying as much space as possible between the magnets. They are made in a material that is as heat conductive as possible while remaining light enough not to weigh down the mass of the transducer. Among the materials most suitable for this use, we will cite aluminum. They are maintained, for example by gluing, on the pole piece 104, or possibly by pinching between the pole pieces 104 and 105 in the same manner as the magnets 106.
- a transducer produced from this way can withstand a current that can be at least 4 times higher than the admissible current in a transducer according to art known, without the need to make any changes to the rest of the transducer, especially to the coil, and by getting identical performance, without any degradation.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- les figures 1 et 2, des vues en coupe d'un transducteur selon l'art antérieur; et
- les figures 3 et 4 des vues en coupe selon les mêmes conditions d'un transducteur du même type modifié selon l'invention.
Claims (4)
- Transducteur électrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine, du type comprenant un corps (101-103) muni de pièces polaires (104,105) définissant un entrefer (107), un équipage mobile muni d'un dôme (109) prolongé par un cylindre supportant un bobinage (120) coulissant dans cet entrefer, une membrane flexible (115) assurant l'étanchéité entre l'équipage mobile et le corps en déterminant une partie interne (114) remplie d'air, et un pavillon (110) surmontant ledit dôme (109) et coulissant dans ledit corps en formant avec celui-ci un ajutage dont la valeur du jeu (111) est fixée de manière à permettre de protéger ladite membrane contre les ondes de choc provenant d'explosions extérieures au transducteur en laminant ces ondes de choc dans ledit ajutage, caractérisé en ce que l'une des dites pièces polaires (104) est muni d'au moins une ouverture (131) permettant la circulation de l'air à l'intérieur de la partie interne (114) pour refroidir efficacement ledit bobinage.
- Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre au moins une masse conductrice de la chaleur (135) située entre les dites pièces polaires (104,105) pour drainer vers l'extérieur du transducteur la chaleur dégagée par le bobinage (120).
- Transducteur selon la revendication 2, qui comprend un ensemble d'aimants (106) placés entre les pièces polaires (104-105), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un ensemble de masses conductrices de la chaleur (135) intercalées entre les aimants.
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites masses conductrices de la chaleur (135) sont réalisées en aluminium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0006766A FR2809580B1 (fr) | 2000-05-26 | 2000-05-26 | Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine |
| FR0006766 | 2000-05-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1157751A1 true EP1157751A1 (fr) | 2001-11-28 |
| EP1157751B1 EP1157751B1 (fr) | 2009-05-06 |
Family
ID=8850663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401347A Expired - Lifetime EP1157751B1 (fr) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-22 | Transducteur électrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6515940B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1157751B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60138588D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2809580B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6515940B2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-02-04 | Thales | Electrodynamic transducer for underwater acoustics |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7408842B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2008-08-05 | Materials Sciences Corporation | Sonar dome |
| FR3015785B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-12-25 | Thales Sa | Antenne omnidirectionnelle compacte pour sonar trempe |
| CN108301820B (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2023-04-21 | 重庆科技学院 | 一种地层钻孔内声波探测装置及其探测方法 |
| CN119565895B (zh) * | 2024-12-03 | 2026-01-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种圆周辐射的多元振子高效电动式换能器 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4736350A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1988-04-05 | Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. | Electromagnetic transducers for underwater low-frequency high-power use |
| GB2231153A (en) * | 1989-04-29 | 1990-11-07 | Ferranti Int Signal | Electromechanical transducer |
| US5062089A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1991-10-29 | Argotec Inc. | Sonar projector with liquid mass loading for operation at lower frequency |
| US5111697A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-05-12 | Societe De Mecanique Magnetique S.A. | Large-amplitude low-frequency vibrator |
| FR2764160A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-04 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE757591A (fr) | 1969-11-25 | 1971-03-16 | Thomson Csf | Perfectionnements aux domes de systemes sonars et procede de leur fabrication |
| FR2290812A1 (fr) | 1974-11-08 | 1976-06-04 | Thomson Csf | Transducteur electroacoustique pour immersion profonde |
| GB1518138A (en) | 1974-12-17 | 1978-07-19 | Thomson Csf | Cooling device for components which dissipate large amounts of heat |
| FR2431419A1 (fr) | 1978-07-18 | 1980-02-15 | Thomson Csf | Bouee aeroportee largable |
| FR2450193A1 (fr) | 1979-02-27 | 1980-09-26 | Thomson Csf | Bouee aeroportee largable a declenchement inertiel |
| FR2464179A2 (fr) | 1979-08-28 | 1981-03-06 | Thomson Csf | Bouee aeroportee largable |
| FR2622333B1 (fr) | 1987-10-27 | 1990-01-26 | Thomson Csf | Revetement anechoique pour ondes acoustiques |
| FR2640455B1 (fr) | 1988-07-08 | 1991-05-17 | Thomson Csf | Transducteur electroacoustique, utilisable notamment comme source d'ondes acoustiques pour les applications sous-marines |
| FR2639786B1 (fr) | 1988-11-04 | 1991-07-26 | Thomson Csf | Transducteur flextenseur |
| FR2656971B1 (fr) | 1990-01-05 | 1992-09-04 | Thomson Csf | Hydrophone basse frequence et antenne sonar comportant de tels hydrophones. |
| FR2672179B1 (fr) | 1991-01-25 | 1993-04-16 | Thomson Csf | Transducteur acoustique flextenseur pour immersion profonde. |
| FR2725684A1 (fr) | 1994-10-18 | 1996-04-19 | Thomson Csf | Bouee aeroportee largable |
| FR2730894B3 (fr) | 1995-02-21 | 1997-03-14 | Thomson Csf | Procede de fabrication d'une carte electronique a refroidissement par conduction thermique |
| FR2744870B1 (fr) | 1996-02-13 | 1998-03-06 | Thomson Csf | Procede pour controler la navigation d'une antenne acoustique lineaire remorquee, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procede |
| FR2776161B1 (fr) | 1998-03-10 | 2000-05-26 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | Antenne d'emission acoustique annulaire demontable |
| FR2809580B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-26 | 2002-08-30 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine |
-
2000
- 2000-05-26 FR FR0006766A patent/FR2809580B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-22 DE DE60138588T patent/DE60138588D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-22 EP EP01401347A patent/EP1157751B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-25 US US09/864,313 patent/US6515940B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4736350A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1988-04-05 | Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. | Electromagnetic transducers for underwater low-frequency high-power use |
| US5062089A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1991-10-29 | Argotec Inc. | Sonar projector with liquid mass loading for operation at lower frequency |
| GB2231153A (en) * | 1989-04-29 | 1990-11-07 | Ferranti Int Signal | Electromechanical transducer |
| US5111697A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-05-12 | Societe De Mecanique Magnetique S.A. | Large-amplitude low-frequency vibrator |
| FR2764160A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-27 | 1998-12-04 | Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas | Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6515940B2 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-02-04 | Thales | Electrodynamic transducer for underwater acoustics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60138588D1 (de) | 2009-06-18 |
| FR2809580A1 (fr) | 2001-11-30 |
| EP1157751B1 (fr) | 2009-05-06 |
| FR2809580B1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
| US6515940B2 (en) | 2003-02-04 |
| US20020034124A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
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