EP1157204B1 - Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer - Google Patents
Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157204B1 EP1157204B1 EP00909917A EP00909917A EP1157204B1 EP 1157204 B1 EP1157204 B1 EP 1157204B1 EP 00909917 A EP00909917 A EP 00909917A EP 00909917 A EP00909917 A EP 00909917A EP 1157204 B1 EP1157204 B1 EP 1157204B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- disk
- fuel injector
- fuel
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/005—Arrangement of electrical wires and connections, e.g. wire harness, sockets, plugs; Arrangement of electronic control circuits in or on fuel injection apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
- F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
- F02M53/06—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
Definitions
- the invention relates in general to heated tip fuel injectors with internal heaters and, in particular, to heated tip fuel injectors with enhanced heat transfer from the internal heater to the fuel.
- Heated tip fuel injectors are known and described in, for example, copending application serial no. 09/088,127, referenced above. While that patent application generally describes enhancing the heat transfer from the heater to the fuel, more efficient heat transfer mechanisms and methods are needed to further reduce emissions.
- WO 99/05412 discloses a fuel injector having a valve seat, a needle valve mounted to an armature, a heater disposed around the needle valve and a flow disturbing element, having a plurality of disks, disposed upstream of the heater having opposed openings designed to induce turbulence in the fuel to enhance heat transfer.
- the flow-disturbing element comprises a plurality of disks each having at least one opening wherein the at least one opening in one disk is offset from the at least one opening in another disk.
- the flow-disturbing element may be attached to the needle valve such that the flow-disturbing element reciprocates with the needle valve or, alternatively, the flow-disturbing element may be stationary with respect to the needle valve.
- the flow-disturbing element comprises first, second and third disks each having a central opening with a size substantially the same as a cross-section of the needle valve for receiving the needle valve.
- the at least one flow disturbing element is separated from the internal heater by a gap.
- Figure 1 shows an exemplary fuel injector 156 to which the present invention may be applied. It should be understood that the present invention is applicable to fuel injectors having constructions other than the construction of the fuel injector 156 shown in Figure 1.
- the fuel injector 156 includes a valve body or housing 112 for insertion into an injector seat of an intake manifold or cylinder head of an engine (not shown).
- An O-ring 114 seals the housing 112 in the intake manifold or cylinder head.
- An inlet tube 16 at the upper end of the injector seats in a fuel rail (not shown) and an O-ring 18 seals the inlet tube 16 in the fuel rail.
- Fuel under pressure enters the inlet tube 16 and flows through the spring force adjusting tube 20, the bore 22 in the armature 24 and into a space 28 surrounding a needle valve 30 attached to the armature 24.
- the lower tip end of the needle valve is moved on and off a valve seat 34 to control outflow of fuel through an orifice in the valve seat 34.
- an electromagnetic coil 38 lifts the armature 24 off the valve seat 34.
- An internal heater 50 is disposed in the bottom portion of the injector 156 above the seat 34.
- the internal heater 50 may be, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder.
- a flow-disturbing element 192 induces swirl and/or turbulence in the fuel prior to the fuel passing over the inner and outer surfaces of the heater 50.
- the swirl and/or turbulence induced in the fuel enhances heat transfer from the heater to the fuel.
- the flow-disturbing element may comprise stacked disks 194.
- FIGS 1 and 6 show flow disturbing elements 192, 192A, respectively. It should be understood that the flow disturbing elements 192, 192A represent generic flow disturbing elements and the flow disturbing elements 200 and 240 described in detail below may be substituted for the elements 192, 192A.
- Figures 2A-2C and 3 show a first embodiment 200 of the flow-disturbing element 192.
- the flow-disturbing element 200 is primarily designed to introduce turbulence into the fuel flow upstream of the heater 50.
- the flow-disturbing element 200 comprises a plurality of disks each having at least one opening. The openings in the plurality of disks are offset from one another thereby providing a tortuous passageway through which the fuel must flow and, consequently, inducing turbulence into the fuel flow pattern.
- the flow-disturbing element 200 shown in Figures 2A-2C and 3 comprises first, second and third disks 202, 204, 206.
- the second disk 204 has an opening 208, which extends substantially across the entire diameter of the disk 204.
- the opening 208 is preferably circular.
- the first and third disks 202, 206 each have a central opening 210, 212, respectively.
- the central openings 210, 212 are substantially the same size as a cross-section of the needle valve 30.
- the needle valve 30 is inserted through the central openings 210, 212 in the disks 202, 206 and through the opening 208 in the second disk 204.
- the disks 202, 206 may be attached to the needle valve 30 by, for example, welding. When so attached, the flow-disturbing element 200 reciprocates with the needle valve 30. Alternatively, the flow disturbing element 200 is not attached to the needle valve 30 and the flow disturbing element 200 remains stationary while the needle valve 30 reciprocates.
- Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the disks 202, 204, 206 shown in Figures 2A-2C.
- the arrow labeled g indicates the direction of flow of fuel.
- the fuel first encounters the first disk 202, then the second disk 204 and then the third disk 206.
- the three disks are stacked one on top the other and may be connected together by, for example, welding.
- the disks may be made of a metal such as stainless steel or a plastic material, which does not interact, with fuel.
- the flow-disturbing element 200 may also be made as a single piece. In that case, the flow-disturbing element would be either molded or machined.
- the first disk 202 includes a pair of opposed openings 214.
- the third disk includes two pairs of opposed openings 216, 218.
- the arrow f indicates the distance from the central opening of the first disk 202 to the opposed openings 214.
- the arrow d indicates the distance from the central opening 212 to the opposed openings 216.
- the arrow e indicates the distance from the central opening 212 to the opposed openings 218.
- the distance d from the central opening 212 of the disk 206 to the opposed openings 216 is less than the distance f from the central opening 210 of the disk 202 to the opposed openings 214.
- the distance e from the center of the disk 206 to the opposed openings 218 is greater than the distance f from the center of the disk 202 to the opposed openings 214.
- the opposed openings 214, 216, 218 of the disks 202, 206 are spaced such that, when viewed in a longitudinal direction of the fuel injector, the openings 214 in the first disk 202 do not substantially overlap either the openings 216 or the openings 218 in the third disk 206.
- the openings 214, 216, 218 are semicircular in shape.
- the fuel contacts the first disk 202.
- the fuel flows through the openings 214 in the first disk 202, the opening 208 in the second disk 204 and then through the openings 216, 218 in the third disk 206.
- the disturbed flow which exits the third disk 206 then flows around the heater 50. Because of the increased turbulence in the fuel, the heat transfer from the heater 50 to the fuel is increased.
- FIGs 4A-4C and 5 show a second embodiment 240 of the flow-disturbing element 192.
- the flow-disturbing element 240 is designed to create swirl in the fuel flow.
- the flow-disturbing element 240 comprises three disks 242, 244, 246 stacked one on top the other as shown in Figure 5.
- the arrow h in Figure 5 indicates the direction of fuel flow through the flow-disturbing element 240.
- Each of the disks 242, 244, 246 has a central opening 248, 250, 252 for receiving the needle valve 30.
- the disks 242, 244, 246 may be attached to the needle valve 30 by, for example, welding. In that case, the flow-disturbing element 240 reciprocates with the needle valve 30. Alternatively, the flow-disturbing element 240 may not be attached to the needle valve in which case it would remain stationary when the needle valve reciprocates.
- the disks 242, 244, 246 may be made of metal, for example, stainless steel or a plastic, which does not interact, with the fuel.
- the three disks may be attached to each other by, for example, welding.
- the flow-disturbing element 240 may be formed as a single piece.
- the disks may be molded or machined.
- the first disk 242 includes a first plurality of openings 256 and a second plurality of openings 254.
- the first plurality of openings 256 are located further from the central opening 248 than the second plurality of openings 254.
- each of the plurality of openings 256 is located substantially the same distance from the central opening 248.
- each of the openings 254 is preferably located the same distance from the central opening 248.
- the openings 256 are about 120 degrees apart and the openings 254 are about 120 degrees apart.
- the second disk 244 includes a first plurality of arc-shaped openings 258 and a second plurality of arc-shaped openings 260.
- the openings 258 are located further from the central opening 250 than the openings 260.
- each of the openings 258 is located the same distance from the central opening 250 and each of the openings 260 is located the same distance from the central opening 250.
- the openings 258 are substantially identical in size and spaced equally about the disk 244.
- the openings 260 are preferably of the same size and spaced equally about the disk 244.
- the third disk 246 includes a first plurality of openings 262 and a second plurality of openings 264.
- the openings 262 are located further from the central opening 252 than the openings 264.
- each of the openings 262 is located the same distance from the central opening 252 and, likewise, each of the openings 264 is preferably located the same distance from the central opening 252.
- the openings 262 are about 120 ⁇ apart and the openings 264 are about 120 ⁇ apart.
- each of the openings 256 is substantially located above one end of one of the arc-shaped openings 258.
- each of the openings 254 is located substantially above one of the ends of one of the openings 260.
- the openings 262 in the disk 246 are located at opposite ends of the arc-shaped openings 258 than the openings 256 of the disk 242.
- the openings 264 in the disk 246 are located substantially below opposite ends of the arc-shaped openings 260 than the openings 254 in the disks 242.
- fuel flow channels are created. For example, fuel will enter an opening 256 in the disk 242, then flow through an arc-shaped opening 258 and exit through an opening 262 in the disk 246. Likewise, fuel will enter an opening 254 in the disk 242 and then flow through an arc-shaped opening 260 and exit through an opening 264 in disk 246.
- the flow directions through the arc-shaped openings 258 and 260 are opposite.
- the flow in the arc-shaped openings 260 would be in a direction opposite the arrow i.
- the flow in the openings 260 could be in the direction i and the flow in the openings 258 could be in a direction opposite the arrow i.
- the openings 256, 254 in disk 242 and the openings 262, 264 in disk 246 are substantially circular in shape.
- Figures 4A-4C show three openings 256, three openings 254, three arch-shaped openings 258, three arc-shaped openings 260, three openings 262 and three openings 264.
- the number of each of the openings could be more or less than three.
- the flow disturbing element 192 is located between the heater 50 and a spacer sleeve 186 which is held in place by a spring washer 190.
- the flow-disturbing element 192 (or 200 or 240) is not attached to the needle valve 30. That is, as the needle valve 30 reciprocates, the flow-disturbing element 192 remains stationary.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fuel injector 156A according to the present invention.
- the spacer sleeve 186A extends from the spring washer 190 to the heater 50.
- the flow disturbing element 192A (or 200 or 240) is attached to the needle valve 30. Therefore, when the needle valve 30 reciprocates, the flow-disturbing element 192A likewise reciprocates.
- the needle valve 30 when the needle valve 30 is in the closed position, the flow-disturbing element 192 rests substantially on top of the heater 50.
- the flow disturbing element 192A may be attached to any part of the needle valve 30 along the arrow h. Therefore, when the needle valve 30 is closed, a gap may exist between the bottom of the flow disturbing element 192A and the top of the heater 50.
- the turbulence or swirl created in the fuel develops more fully before the fuel contracts the heater 50.
- a gap between the flow disturbing element 192A and the heater 50 is advantageous because the increased turbulence or swirl additionally enhances the heat transfer between the heater 50 and the fuel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims (19)
- A fuel injector (156) comprising:a housing (112) having a bore formed therein for receiving fuel under pressure;a valve seat (34) mounted at one end of the housing, the valve seat including an orifice;a needle valve (30) having one end mounted to armature (24) and another end which contacts the valve seat to close off fuel outflow from the bore and which is lifted from the valve seat to inject fuel;a heater (50) disposed in the housing upstream of the valve seat and extending around the needle valve; andat least one flow disturbing element (192) disposed upstream of the heater wherein the flow disturbing element comprises a plurality of disks at least one of which includes a first pair of opposed openings (214, 216, 218) characterised in that the flow disturbing element further comprises first, second and third disks; the second disk having an opening (208) substantially across an entire diameter of the second disk; the first and third disks each having a central opening (210, 212) with a size substantially the same as a cross-section of the needle valve; the needle valve being inserted through the opening in the second disk and the central openings in the first and third disks.
- The fuel injector of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of disks have at least one opening wherein the at least one opening in one disk is offset from the at least one opening in another disk.
- The fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the flow disturbing element is attached to the needle valve such that the flow-disturbing element reciprocates with the needle valve.
- The fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the first disk includes the first pair of opposed openings (214, 256).
- The fuel injector of claim 4 wherein the third disk includes a second pair of opposed openings (218, 262).
- The fuel injector of claim 5 wherein a distance from the central opening of the third disk to the second pair of opposed openings is less than a distance from the central opening of the first disk to the first pair of opposed openings.
- The fuel injector of claim 6 wherein the third disk includes a third pair of opposed openings (264).
- The fuel injector of claim 7 wherein a distance from the central opening of the third disk to the third pair of opposed openings is greater than the distance from the central opening of the first disk to the first pair of opposed openings.
- The fuel injector of claim 8 wherein, when viewed in a longitudinal direction of the fuel injector, the first pair of opposed openings in the first disk do not substantially overlap the second and third pair of opposed openings in the third disk.
- The fuel injector of claim 9 wherein the first, second and third pair of opposed openings are substantially semi-circular in shape.
- The fuel injector of claim 1 wherein the flow disturbing element comprises first, second and third disks each having a central opening for receiving the needle valve.
- The fuel injector of claim 10 wherein the first disk includes a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, the first plurality of openings being located further from the central opening than the second plurality of openings.
- The fuel injector of claim 11 wherein the second disk includes a first plurality of arc-shaped openings and a second plurality of arc-shaped openings, the first plurality of arc-shaped openings being located further from the central opening than the second plurality of arc-shaped openings.
- The fuel injector of claim 13 wherein the third disk includes a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, the first plurality of openings being located further from the central opening than the second plurality of openings.
- The fuel injector of claim 14 wherein the first, second and third disks are stacked such that the first and second plurality of openings in the first disk are aligned with one end of the first and second plurality of the arc-shaped openings, respectively, and the first and second plurality of openings in the third disk are aligned with another end of the first and second plurality of the arc-shaped openings, respectively, such that a fuel flow path is defined by an opening in the first disk, an arc-shaped opening in the second disk and an opening in the third disk.
- The fuel injector of claim 14 wherein the first plurality of openings in the first disk, the first plurality of arc-shaped openings in the second disk and the first plurality of openings in the third disk define fuel flow paths having a flow direction opposite a flow direction of fuel flow paths defined by the second plurality of openings in the first disk, the second plurality of arc-shaped openings in the second disk and the second plurality of openings in the third disk.
- The fuel injector of claim 16 wherein the first and second plurality of openings in the first disk and the first and second plurality of openings in the third disk are substantially circular in shape.
- The fuel injector of claim 17 wherein the first and second plurality of openings in the first disk are each three in number and the first and second plurality of openings in the third disk are each three in number and the first and second plurality of arc-shaped openings in the second disk are three in number.
- The fuel injector of claim 1 wherein, when the needle valve is in a closed position, the at least one flow disturbing element is separated from the internal heater by a gap.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/261,407 US6135360A (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-03-03 | Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer |
US261407 | 1999-03-03 | ||
PCT/US2000/001103 WO2000052323A1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-01-14 | Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1157204A1 EP1157204A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1157204B1 true EP1157204B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=22993174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00909917A Expired - Lifetime EP1157204B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-01-14 | Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6135360A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1157204B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002538369A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010102311A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60018718T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000052323A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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DE102008024143A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Alexander Brind | Injection nozzle for primer in e.g. engine with spark ignition of motor vehicle, has heating element serving for heating fuel up to self ignition temperature during inflow of fuel into oxygen-containing medium |
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US6276347B1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-08-21 | Micro Coating Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for delivering atomized fluids |
US6357677B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2002-03-19 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Fuel injection valve with multiple nozzle plates |
US6481646B1 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-11-19 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Solenoid actuated fuel injector |
DE10060289A1 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injector |
US6561168B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2003-05-13 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection device having heater |
US6688533B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-02-10 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Apparatus and method of control for a heated tip fuel injector |
US7083115B2 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2006-08-01 | Spraying Systems Co. | Spray gun with removable heat jacket |
DE10153142A1 (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2003-05-22 | Itw Oberflaechentechnik Gmbh | Valve needle, in particular for spray coating liquid |
US6779513B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-08-24 | Chrysalis Technologies Incorporated | Fuel injector for an internal combustion engine |
US6871792B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2005-03-29 | Chrysalis Technologies Incorporated | Apparatus and method for preparing and delivering fuel |
DE10351206B4 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2016-12-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injector |
JP4069911B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2008-04-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Heated fuel injection valve |
DE102005023793B4 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2012-01-12 | Ulrich Schmid | Device for generating swirl in a fuel injection valve |
JP2007100641A (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel injection valve |
DE102011085680B4 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-07-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Heating coil for an injection valve and injection valve |
US9850869B2 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2017-12-26 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel injector |
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1999
- 1999-03-03 US US09/261,407 patent/US6135360A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-01-14 WO PCT/US2000/001103 patent/WO2000052323A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-01-14 EP EP00909917A patent/EP1157204B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-14 KR KR1020017010658A patent/KR20010102311A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-14 JP JP2000602515A patent/JP2002538369A/en active Pending
- 2000-01-14 DE DE60018718T patent/DE60018718T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008024143A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Alexander Brind | Injection nozzle for primer in e.g. engine with spark ignition of motor vehicle, has heating element serving for heating fuel up to self ignition temperature during inflow of fuel into oxygen-containing medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6135360A (en) | 2000-10-24 |
EP1157204A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
WO2000052323A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
KR20010102311A (en) | 2001-11-15 |
DE60018718D1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2002538369A (en) | 2002-11-12 |
DE60018718T2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
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