EP1154203B2 - Measuring device for a flame - Google Patents

Measuring device for a flame Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1154203B2
EP1154203B2 EP01107100.8A EP01107100A EP1154203B2 EP 1154203 B2 EP1154203 B2 EP 1154203B2 EP 01107100 A EP01107100 A EP 01107100A EP 1154203 B2 EP1154203 B2 EP 1154203B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
voltage
measuring device
signal
voltage component
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01107100.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1154203A3 (en
EP1154203A2 (en
EP1154203B1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Lochschmied
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Siemens Schweiz AG
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Siemens Schweiz AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measuring device for a flame according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a control device for a burner with the measuring device for a flame according to claim 1.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a measuring device for a flame of the type mentioned, which allows a more accurate and improved signal evaluation.
  • the alternating component influenced by the flame signal can be separated from the direct voltage component via first means and the separate alternating component can be compared to the separated direct voltage component via second means in order to generate a pulse-width-modulated signal.
  • adjustable signal range in a wide range, the high sensitivity and the large signal-to-noise ratio whether the flame is on or off and that the analog signal is very accurate and reproducible.
  • the signal transmission via an optocoupler is possible, with both information, flame on and off and PWM signal can be transmitted via only one optocoupler.
  • the ionization electrode can be made touch-proof.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the principle of operation of the inventive circuit.
  • Under 1 is in an equivalent circuit the in FIG. 2 shown flame 14 with ionization electrode 15 by a diode 1a and a resistor 1b.
  • an AC voltage of, for example, 230V is applied.
  • U B a positive DC voltage
  • U B a direct current flows from N to the blocking capacitor 3.
  • the amount of direct current depends on U B and thus directly from the flame resistance 1b.
  • the flame resistance 1b also influences the alternating current through the decoupling resistor 4, but to varying degrees compared to the direct current.
  • the resistor 4 thus flows a direct current and an alternating current as described above.
  • the resistor 4 is now followed by a high pass 5 and a low pass 6.
  • the high-pass 5 the alternating current is filtered out and blocked the DC component. Due to the low-pass filter, the DC component dependent on the flame resistance 1b is filtered out and the alternating current is essentially blocked.
  • the alternating current flowing from the high-pass filter 5 is amplified and a reference voltage U Ref is added.
  • the direct current flowing from the high-pass filter 6 is amplified with possibly small alternating current components and a reference voltage U Ref is added.
  • Both signals, the PWM signal and the flame signal can now be further processed separately or linked by means of an OR gate 12.
  • an OR gate 12 As an output of the OR gate 12, if there is a flame, a PWM signal is shown whose duty cycle is a measure of the flame resistance 1b. If no flame is present, the output of the OR gate is permanently at 1.
  • the PWM signal can be transmitted via an optocoupler, not shown, in order to achieve a protective separation between the mains side and the protective low voltage side.
  • FIG. 2 shows the actual structure of in FIG. 1 as an equivalent circuit 1 illustrated diode 1a and the resistor 1b, as he also for example from the DE 196 32 983 A1 is known.
  • a burner 13 By a burner 13, a flame 14 can be generated. In the flame area 14 protrudes an ionization electrode 15 which detects the ionization current. This depends on the flame resistance and thus the electrode temperature. The electrode temperature in turn depends on the lambda value and thus the excess air of the mixture to be burned. By means of the lambda value, the ratio of air to gas can be adjusted. Typically, the lambda value is chosen between 1.15 and 1.3 to achieve a higher than stoichiometric air to gas ratio

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

The measurement device for a flame, is particularly for use in a regulating device for a burner. It has an ionization electrode in the burner flame area, to which alternating voltage is connected and dependent upon the ionization current a direct voltage constituent is superimposed. The alternating voltage constituent influenced by the flame resistance is separable by first devices (5,6) from the direct voltage constituent, with which it is comparable via second devices (9,10) in order to produce a pulse width modulated signal. The two voltage constituents are separable by a high pass and a deep pass. They are comparable by a comparator (9). The direct voltage constituent is comparable with a reference voltage (U REF) in order to be used as a flame signal. The flame signal is applied to a monoflop (11), in order to form a static on/off signal.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Messeinrichtung für eine Flamme nach Anspruch 1. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls eine Regeleinrichtung für einen Brenner mit der Messeinrichtung für eine Flamme nach Anspruch 1.The present invention relates to a measuring device for a flame according to claim 1. The invention also relates to a control device for a burner with the measuring device for a flame according to claim 1.

Aus der DE 196 32 983 A1 ist eine Messeinrichtung für eine Flamme und eine zugehörige Regeleinrichtung einen Gasbrenner bekannt, bei der mittels einer Ionisationselektrode ein Lambda-Sollwert für niedrige Emissionen eingestellt wird. Mittels eines Komparators wird das analoge Signal zur Weiterverarbeitung digitalisiert. Das durch den Komparator erzeugte Signal weist jedoch nur einen geringen Signalhub und einen geringen Signal-Störabstand bei der Ein-Aus-Schwelle auf, wenn das Signal auch zur Flammenüberwachung verwendet werden soll.From the DE 196 32 983 A1 is a measuring device for a flame and associated control device, a gas burner is known in which by means of an ionization electrode lambda set value for low emissions is set. By means of a comparator, the analog signal is digitized for further processing. However, the signal generated by the comparator has only a small signal swing and a low signal-to-noise ratio at the on-off threshold if the signal is also to be used for flame monitoring.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Messeinrichtung für eine Flamme der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welche eine genauere und verbesserte Signalauswertung ermöglicht.The present invention has for its object to provide a measuring device for a flame of the type mentioned, which allows a more accurate and improved signal evaluation.

Die genannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüche angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The stated object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the independent claims.

Kern der Erfindung ist es somit, dass der vom Flammensignal beeinflusste Wechselanteil über erste Mittel vom Gleichspannungsanteil trennbar ist und der getrennte Wechselanteil mit dem abgetrennten Gleichspannungsanteil über zweite Mittel vergleichbar ist um ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal zu erzeugen.It is thus the essence of the invention that the alternating component influenced by the flame signal can be separated from the direct voltage component via first means and the separate alternating component can be compared to the separated direct voltage component via second means in order to generate a pulse-width-modulated signal.

Durch den Vergleich des Wechselanteils mit dem Gleichanteil werden Schwankungen der Amplitude in der Versorgungsspannung kompensiert, da sich beide Anteile mit der Amplitude in gleichem Verhältnis ändern. Änderungen in der Flamme, z. B. bedingt durch Änderungen der Luftzahl, beeinflussen dagegen die beiden Anteile ungleich.By comparing the alternating component with the DC component, fluctuations in the amplitude in the supply voltage are compensated, since both components change with the amplitude in the same ratio. Changes in the flame, z. B. due to changes in the air ratio, on the other hand influence the two shares unequal.

Weitere Vorteile sind der in einem weiten Bereich einstellbare Signalhub, die grosse Empfindlichkeit und der grosse Signal-Störabstand ob die Flamme Ein oder Aus ist sowie dass das analoge Signal sehr genau und reproduzierbar ist.Further advantages are the adjustable signal range in a wide range, the high sensitivity and the large signal-to-noise ratio whether the flame is on or off and that the analog signal is very accurate and reproducible.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

So ist die Signalübertragung über einen Optokoppler möglich, wobei beide Informationen, Flamme Ein und Aus und PWM-Signal über nur einen Optokoppler übertragen werden können. Durch den Einbau von Berührschutz-Widerständen kann die Ionisationselektrode berührsicher ausgestaltet werden.Thus, the signal transmission via an optocoupler is possible, with both information, flame on and off and PWM signal can be transmitted via only one optocoupler. Through the installation of contact protection resistors, the ionization electrode can be made touch-proof.

Einige bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung bzw. des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens werden anhand der nachfolgenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Some preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention or of the method according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following drawings.

Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
Blockschaltbild des erfindungsgemässen Aufbaus;
Fig. 2
tatsächlicher Aufbau der in Figur 1 als Ersatzschaltung 1 dargestellten Flamme mit Ionisationselektrode.
Showing:
Fig. 1
Block diagram of the inventive structure;
Fig. 2
actual structure of in FIG. 1 as a replacement circuit 1 shown flame with ionization electrode.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch das Funktionsprinzip der erfindungsgemässen Schaltung. Unter 1 ist in einer Ersatzschaltung die in Figur 2 gezeigte Flamme 14 mit Ionisationselektrode 15 durch eine Diode 1a und einen Widerstand 1b dargestellt. Über L und N wird eine Wechselspannung von beispielsweise 230V angelegt. Wenn eine Flamme vorhanden ist, fliesst wegen der Flammendiode la durch den Blockkondensator 3 in der positiven Halbwelle ein grösserer Strom als in der negativen Halbwelle. Dadurch bildet sich zwischen L und einem zum Zweck des Berührschutzes angebrachten Widerstandes 2 eine positive Gleichspannung UB am Blockkondensator 3 aus. Durch einen Entkopplungswiderstand 4 fliesst daher ein Gleichstrom von N zum Blockkondensator 3. Die Höhe des Gleichstromes hängt dabei von UB und damit direkt vom Flammenwiderstand 1b ab. Der Flammenwiderstand 1b beeinflusst ebenfalls den Wechselstrom durch den Entkoppelwiderstand 4, allerdings in unterschiedlichem Maß gegenüber dem Gleichstrom. Durch den Widerstand 4 fliesst somit ein Gleichstrom und ein Wechselstrom wie oben beschrieben. Dem Widerstand 4 ist nun ein Hochpass 5 und ein Tiefpass 6 nachgeschaltet. Durch den Hochpass 5 wird der Wechselstrom ausgefiltert und der Gleichstromanteil abgeblockt. Durch den Tiefpass wird der vom Flammenwiderstand 1b abhängige Gleichstromanteil ausgefiltert und der Wechselstrom im wesentlichen abgeblockt. In einem Verstärker 7 wird der aus dem Hochpass 5 fliessende Wechselstrom verstärkt und eine Referenzspannung URef zuaddiert. In einem Verstärker 8 wird der aus dem Hochpass 6 fliessende Gleichstrom mit eventuell geringen Wechselstromanteilen verstärkt und eine Referenzspannung URef zuaddiert. Die Referenzspannung URef kann beliebig, z.B. URef = 0 gewählt werden, sie wird jedoch vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass die Verstärker und Komparatoren nur eine Versorgung benötigen. An einem Komparator 9 werden die aus dem Verstärker 7 austretende Wechselspannung U- und die aus dem Verstärker 8 austretende Gleichspannung U= miteinander verglichen und ein pulsweitenmoduliertes (PWM) Signal erzeugt. Ändert sich die Amplitude der Netzspannung, so ändern sich Wechselspannung und Gleichspannung im gleichen Verhältnis, das PWM-Signal ändert sich nicht. Der Signalhub des PWM-Signals kann mittels der Verstärker 7 und 8 in einem weiten Bereich zwischen τ = 0 und τ = 50% Tastverhältnis eingestellt werden.
Der Gleichspannungsanteil U= wird in einem Komparator 10 mit der Referenzspannung URef verglichen. Ist eine Flamme vorhanden, ist der Gleichspannungsanteil grösser als die Referenzspannung (U= > URef) und der Komparatorausgang des Komparators 10 schaltet auf 0. Ist keine Flamme vorhanden, so ist der Gleichspannungsanteil ungefähr gleich der Referenzspannung (U= ≈ URef). Wegen dem Gleichspannungsanteil überlagerten, geringen Wechselspannungsanteil, den der Tiefpass 6 nicht ausfiltert, unterschreitet der Gleichspannungsanteil kurzzeitig die Referenzspannung und am Komparatorausgang des Komparators 10 erscheinen Impulse. Diese Impulse werden auf ein nachtriggerbares Monoflop 11 gegeben. Das Monoflop wird so getriggert, dass die aus dem Komparator 10 ausgegebene Impulsfolge schneller kommt als die Impulsdauer des Monoflops ist. Dadurch erscheint wenn keine Flamme vorhanden ist am Ausgang des Monoflops konstant eine 1. Ist eine Flamme vorhanden, so wird das Monoflop nicht getriggert und am Ausgang erscheint permanent eine 0. Das nachtriggerbare Monoflop 11 bildet somit einen "missing pulse detector" welches das dynamische Ein-/Aus-Signal in ein statisches Ein-/Aus-Signal umwandelt. Fig. 1 schematically shows the principle of operation of the inventive circuit. Under 1 is in an equivalent circuit the in FIG. 2 shown flame 14 with ionization electrode 15 by a diode 1a and a resistor 1b. About L and N, an AC voltage of, for example, 230V is applied. If a flame is present, because of the flame diode la flows through the blocking capacitor 3 in the positive half-wave, a larger current than in the negative half-wave. As a result, a positive DC voltage U B is formed on the blocking capacitor 3 between L and a resistor 2 mounted for the purpose of contact protection. By a decoupling resistor 4, therefore, a direct current flows from N to the blocking capacitor 3. The amount of direct current depends on U B and thus directly from the flame resistance 1b. The flame resistance 1b also influences the alternating current through the decoupling resistor 4, but to varying degrees compared to the direct current. Through the resistor 4 thus flows a direct current and an alternating current as described above. The resistor 4 is now followed by a high pass 5 and a low pass 6. Through the high-pass 5, the alternating current is filtered out and blocked the DC component. Due to the low-pass filter, the DC component dependent on the flame resistance 1b is filtered out and the alternating current is essentially blocked. In an amplifier 7, the alternating current flowing from the high-pass filter 5 is amplified and a reference voltage U Ref is added. In an amplifier 8, the direct current flowing from the high-pass filter 6 is amplified with possibly small alternating current components and a reference voltage U Ref is added. The reference voltage U Ref can be chosen arbitrarily, eg U Ref = 0, but it is preferably chosen so that the amplifiers and comparators only need one supply. And exiting from the amplifier 8 DC voltage signal generated U = compared and a pulse width modulated (PWM) - emerging from the amplifier 7, AC voltage U are applied to a comparator. 9 If the amplitude of the mains voltage changes, the AC voltage and the DC voltage change in the same ratio, the PWM signal does not change. The signal swing of the PWM signal can be adjusted by means of the amplifiers 7 and 8 in a wide range between τ = 0 and τ = 50% duty cycle.
The DC voltage component U = is compared in a comparator 10 with the reference voltage U Ref . If a flame is present, the DC component is greater than the reference voltage (U = > U Ref ) and the comparator output of the comparator 10 switches to 0. If no flame is present, the DC component is approximately equal to the reference voltage (U = ≈ U Ref ). Because of the DC voltage component superimposed, low AC voltage component, which the low-pass filter 6 does not filter out, the DC component briefly falls short of the reference voltage and appear at the comparator output of the comparator 10 pulses. These pulses are applied to a retriggerable monoflop 11. The monoflop is triggered so that the pulse train output from the comparator 10 comes faster than the pulse duration of the monoflop. If a flame is present, the monoflop will not be triggered and the output will always show a 0. The retriggerable monoflop 11 thus forms a "missing pulse detector" which indicates the dynamic on - turns off / off signal into a static on / off signal.

Beide Signale, das PWM-Signal und das Flammensignal können nun separat weiterverarbeitet werden oder aber mittels eines Oder-Gliedes 12 verknüpft werden. Als Ausgang des Oder-Gliedes 12 zeigt sich bei vorhandener Flamme ein PWM-Signal, dessen Tastverhältnis ein Mass für den Flammenwiderstand 1b ist. Ist keine Flamme vorhanden, ist der Ausgang des Oder-Gliedes permanent auf 1. Das PWM-Signal kann über einen nicht dargestellten Optokoppler übertragen werden, um eine Schutztrennung zwischen der Netzseite und der Schutzkleinspannungsseite zu erreichen.Both signals, the PWM signal and the flame signal can now be further processed separately or linked by means of an OR gate 12. As an output of the OR gate 12, if there is a flame, a PWM signal is shown whose duty cycle is a measure of the flame resistance 1b. If no flame is present, the output of the OR gate is permanently at 1. The PWM signal can be transmitted via an optocoupler, not shown, in order to achieve a protective separation between the mains side and the protective low voltage side.

Figur 2 zeigt den tatsächlichen Aufbau der in Figur 1 als Ersatzschaltung 1 dargestellten Diode 1a und des Widerstands 1b, wie er auch beispielsweise aus der DE 196 32 983 A1 bekannt ist. Durch einen Brenner 13 ist eine Flamme 14 erzeugbar. In den Flammenbereich 14 ragt eine Ionisationselektrode 15 welche den Ionisationsstrom erfasst. Dieser hängt vom Flammenwiderstand und damit der Elektrodentemperatur ab. Die Elektrodentemperatur ihrerseits hängt vom Lambdawert und damit dem Luftüberschuss des zu verbrennenden Gemisches ab. Mittels des Lambdawertes kann das Verhältnis von Luft zu Gas eingestellt werden. Üblicherweise wird der Lambdawert zwischen 1.15 und 1.3 gewählt, um ein überstöchiometrisches Verhältnis von Luft zu Gas zu erreichen FIG. 2 shows the actual structure of in FIG. 1 as an equivalent circuit 1 illustrated diode 1a and the resistor 1b, as he also for example from the DE 196 32 983 A1 is known. By a burner 13, a flame 14 can be generated. In the flame area 14 protrudes an ionization electrode 15 which detects the ionization current. This depends on the flame resistance and thus the electrode temperature. The electrode temperature in turn depends on the lambda value and thus the excess air of the mixture to be burned. By means of the lambda value, the ratio of air to gas can be adjusted. Typically, the lambda value is chosen between 1.15 and 1.3 to achieve a higher than stoichiometric air to gas ratio

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described.

Claims (10)

  1. Measuring device for a flame, in particular for use in a control device for a burner (13), having an ionization electrode (15) to which an AC voltage is applied and arranged in the flame region (14) of the burner, so that a DC voltage component is superimposed as a function of the ionization current,
    characterized in that
    the AC voltage component affected by the flame resistance are separated from the DC voltage component via first means (5, 6), and the separated AC voltage are compared with the separated DC voltage component via second means (9, 10) in order to generate a pulse-width modulated signal.
  2. Measuring device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the AC voltage and the DC voltage component are separated from each other by means of a highpass filter (5) and a lowpass filter (6).
  3. Measuring device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the AC voltage and the DC voltage component are compared by means of a comparator (9).
  4. Measuring device according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the DC voltage component are compared with a reference voltage (Uref) by means of a comparator (10) in order to be used as a flame signal.
  5. Measuring device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the flame signal is applied to a triggered monoflop (11) in order to form a static input/output signal.
  6. Measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flame signal triggered via a monoflop (11) is combined with the pulse-width modulated signal in an OR gate (12).
  7. Measuring device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the signal output from the OR gate (12) can be transmitted via an optocoupler.
  8. Measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one resistor (2) is connected in series with the ionization electrode (15) as shock hazard protection.
  9. Control device for a burner (13), having the measuring device according to one of Claims 1 to 8.
  10. Use of the measuring device according to one of Claims 1 - 8 in a combustion automation unit.
EP01107100.8A 2000-05-12 2001-03-22 Measuring device for a flame Expired - Lifetime EP1154203B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10023273A DE10023273A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2000-05-12 Measuring device for a flame
DE10023273 2000-05-12

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1154203A2 EP1154203A2 (en) 2001-11-14
EP1154203A3 EP1154203A3 (en) 2003-05-14
EP1154203B1 EP1154203B1 (en) 2006-08-23
EP1154203B2 true EP1154203B2 (en) 2015-07-15

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US (1) US6676404B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1154203B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4965028B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100778145B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE337525T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10023273A1 (en)

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DE10023273A1 (en) 2001-11-15
ATE337525T1 (en) 2006-09-15
EP1154203A3 (en) 2003-05-14
EP1154203A2 (en) 2001-11-14
KR100778145B1 (en) 2007-11-21
EP1154203B1 (en) 2006-08-23
JP4965028B2 (en) 2012-07-04
JP2001355840A (en) 2001-12-26
US20020004186A1 (en) 2002-01-10
KR20010104274A (en) 2001-11-24
US6676404B2 (en) 2004-01-13
DE50110780D1 (en) 2006-10-05

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