EP1154026A1 - Process for preparing composite tin-tungsten shot of small dimension - Google Patents
Process for preparing composite tin-tungsten shot of small dimension Download PDFInfo
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- EP1154026A1 EP1154026A1 EP01401106A EP01401106A EP1154026A1 EP 1154026 A1 EP1154026 A1 EP 1154026A1 EP 01401106 A EP01401106 A EP 01401106A EP 01401106 A EP01401106 A EP 01401106A EP 1154026 A1 EP1154026 A1 EP 1154026A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tin
- tungsten
- wire
- mixture
- spinning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
- F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
- F42B7/04—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile of pellet type
- F42B7/046—Pellets or shot therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the present invention is essentially located in hunting and fishing and more specifically for a new manufacturing process low-tin-tungsten composite elements thickness, especially the manufacture of shot spherical for hunting cartridges or for lead shot peach.
- U.S. Patent 5,877,437 describes spherical tin-tungsten composite shot for hunting cartridges, in the form of a malleable tin matrix containing, so evenly distributed, like tungsten powder charge.
- the shot can be obtained by dispersing the tungsten powder in molten tin, then formation of drops through calibrated openings at the top of a tower. We provoke then the drop of these drops in air or water, this which allows, by cooling, the shot spherical.
- the shot can be obtained by molding the dispersion of the powder tungsten in molten tin, but such a process is very expensive to obtain shot and is more suitable for obtaining projectiles or larger objects bulky.
- one compacts at high pressing in a mold a mixture of tin powders and tungsten at a temperature below the point of tin fusion.
- US Patent 5,399,187 further describes obtaining composite balls which can be consisting of a tin matrix loaded with powdered tungsten.
- balls can be obtained by mixing powders metal, followed by compacting in bars or billets which are then extruded into wires. The balls are then obtained by forging wires using punches.
- the present invention relates to such a method.
- the wire obtained can be cut into sections which are then stamped to the desired shape, using machines well known to those skilled in the art for exercising such a function.
- the mixture of tin powder and tungsten powder is directly extruded, to solid state, in a wire whose thickness is included between 1 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, limits included, especially when the section of the wire is circular, which is also preferred.
- the section of the wire can however be arbitrary, especially elliptical, square, triangular, rectangular, polygonal.
- solid state it should be understood that the mixture of tin and tungsten powders is extruded to a temperature below the melting point of tin.
- the mixture is extruded at a temperature between 170 ° C and 225 ° C, better yet between 190 ° C and 220 ° C, limits included.
- the particle size of the powders preferably being in the range 1 ⁇ m -200 ⁇ m , better still in the range 10 ⁇ m -50 ⁇ m .
- the tin / tungsten weight ratio is preferably between 0.5 and 2.0, better still between 0.7 and 1.5. We thus obtain composite elements, especially shot, having a density approximately between 9 and 12.5.
- the extrusion of the powder mixture can then be driving either continuously by feeding regularly an extruder adapted to this type which is preferred, so discontinuous.
- the size of the nozzle or nozzles corresponds to the desired section for the wire.
- the mixture of tin powders and tungsten is subjected to a partial vacuum before being extruded.
- a reduced pressure is imposed in the extrusion container containing the mixture, preferably less than 100 mm Hg, using pumping suitable and well known to those skilled in the art.
- the spinning speed measured at the nozzle, or nozzles, outlet the die, must be ⁇ 80 mm / s.
- the spinning speed is between 1 mm / s and 80 mm / s, better still between 5 mm / s and 60 mm / s.
- the spinning speed corresponds a limitation of the energy supply during spinning.
- the spinning power developed by the press piston is less than 150 W, by example between 10 W and 100 W, better still between 10 W and 70 W, by extrusion nozzle.
- the spinning pressure is between 100 MPa and 300 MPa.
- the speed of the press piston is generally less than 0.6 mm / s, preferably between 0.05 mm / s and 0.5 mm / s.
- the sector does not have a convergent (flat sector) and its range (thickness corresponding to the length of the nozzle hole) is preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm.
- the wire is cut obtained in sections, more particularly in cylinders preferably having a length equal to the diameter of the wire, or close to it, then these elements are then stamped, preferably at temperature ambient, to obtain the desired shape.
- this stamping allows to obtain spheres, or pseudo-spheres which are then rectified to the state of spheres, whose diameter is very close to or identical to that of the wire.
- Such spherical elements are particularly suitable for making hunting cartridges or Lead sinker sinkers for fixed, deep-sea fishing fly or whip, especially split pellets.
- Such ovoid elements are particularly suitable for use as ballasting olives for trolling or casting, especially split olives.
- the thickness of the elements obtained is generally identical or very close to that of the wire.
- composite elements having a thickness can vary from approximately 1 mm to approximately 6 mm.
- the present invention also relates to the aforementioned process for obtaining the wire, namely a process for obtaining a tin-tungsten composite wire from a mixture of tin and tungsten powders characterized in that the powder mixture is directly extruded, in the solid state, into a wire of which the thickness is between 1 mm and 6 mm and in that the spinning speed is less than or equal to 80 mm / s.
- Low-tin-tungsten composite elements aforementioned thickness can be used for other purposes that the production of hunting cartridges or pellets fishing, in particular and for example to carry out balancing weights or shielding objects ionizing radiation.
- Such screens and weights can also be obtained from the wire itself, without it being previously cut.
- Examples 1 to 6 production of spherical tin-tungsten composite shot according to the invention, of various densities and particle sizes
- the tungsten powder and the tin powder used have a median diameter of approximately 30 ⁇ m .
- Tin and tungsten powders are mixed in the proportions mentioned later for each example using an appropriate type mixer Forberg, at room temperature (around 20 ° C), for about 10 min, so as to obtain a mixture homogeneous.
- the homogeneous mixture of the 2 powders is then poured in the container of an extrusion press.
- the container cylindrical in shape, has a piston internal diameter equal to the internal diameter of the container, to the nearest tolerance, so that ability to push the mixture towards the die.
- the piston displacement stroke (useful length container) is 70 mm.
- the container is provided on the one hand with a device (heating jacket) for heating of the powder mixture it contains, and on the other hand a vacuum connection associated with a frit allowing establish reduced pressure in the filled container of the powder mixture before extrusion.
- a device heating jacket
- a vacuum connection associated with a frit
- the extrusion press also has a cylindrical flat die (without convergent) having a reach (thickness) of 10 mm and fitted with a single hole cylindrical centrally located with a diameter 2.6 mm or 3.2 mm is specified for each example.
- the drilling of the die is initially blocked by an aluminum seal so that you can make a partial vacuum in the container.
- the container is then heated and evacuated partial up to reduced pressure less than 80 mm Hg.
- Example 1 9.43
- Example 2 9.69
- Example 3 9.84 Examples 4 to 6 not measured.
- Densities measured are close to the density theoretical. Densification is ⁇ 95%.
- Example 1 80 °
- Example 2 60 °
- Example 3 60 ° Examples 4 to 6 not measured.
- Example 1 13.52 (long) and 13.03 (cross)
- Example 2 15.07 (long) and 14.27 (cross)
- Example 3 14.87 (long) and 15.23 (cross) Examples 4 to 6 not measured.
- wires obtained for these 6 examples then have been cut into cylinders whose length is equal to wire diameter using a well known machine of the skilled person to exercise this operation.
- the cylinders were then stamped, at the room temperature (around 20 ° C), in spheres with a diameter approximately identical to that of cylinders and wire, also using a machine well known to those skilled in the art to exercise this operation, particularly in the field of rolling bearings marbles.
- the spinning power is 181 W.
- the expected spinning speed is 156 mm / s, but we found that the wire comes out in pieces, which is undesirable.
- the expected spinning speed is 1560 mm / s, but only molten particles appear.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention se situe essentiellement dans le domaine de la chasse et de la pêche et a plus précisément pour objet un nouveau procédé de fabrication d'éléments composites étain-tungstène de faible épaisseur, notamment la fabrication de grenaille sphérique pour cartouches de chasse ou pour plombs de pêche.The present invention is essentially located in hunting and fishing and more specifically for a new manufacturing process low-tin-tungsten composite elements thickness, especially the manufacture of shot spherical for hunting cartridges or for lead shot peach.
Il est connu, dans l'état de la technique, d'utiliser une telle grenaille non toxique en remplacement de la grenaille en plomb.It is known, in the state of the art, to use such a non-toxic shot in replacement of lead shot.
Le brevet US 5 877 437 décrit par exemple de la grenaille sphérique composite étain-tungstène pour cartouches de chasse, se présentant sous forme d'une matrice d'étain malléable contenant, de façon uniformément répartie, de la poudre de tungstène comme charge.U.S. Patent 5,877,437, for example, describes spherical tin-tungsten composite shot for hunting cartridges, in the form of a malleable tin matrix containing, so evenly distributed, like tungsten powder charge.
Selon un premier procédé, la grenaille peut être obtenue par dispersion de la poudre de tungstène dans l'étain fondu, puis formation de gouttes au travers d'ouvertures calibrées au sommet d'une tour. On provoque ensuite la chute de ces gouttes dans l'air ou l'eau, ce qui permet d'obtenir, par refroidissement, la grenaille sphérique.According to a first method, the shot can be obtained by dispersing the tungsten powder in molten tin, then formation of drops through calibrated openings at the top of a tower. We provoke then the drop of these drops in air or water, this which allows, by cooling, the shot spherical.
Selon un second procédé, la grenaille peut être obtenue par moulage de la dispersion de la poudre de tungstène dans l'étain fondu, mais un tel procédé est très onéreux pour l'obtention de grenaille et est plus adapté à l'obtention de projectiles ou d'objets plus volumineux.According to a second method, the shot can be obtained by molding the dispersion of the powder tungsten in molten tin, but such a process is very expensive to obtain shot and is more suitable for obtaining projectiles or larger objects bulky.
Par ailleurs, ces procédés par fusion sont délicats de mise en oeuvre car il est très difficile d'obtenir une répartition homogène du tungstène en poudre dans la matrice en étain, notamment du fait que le tungstène n'est pas « mouillé » par l'étain fondu.Furthermore, these fusion processes are delicate. of implementation because it is very difficult to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the powdered tungsten in the tin matrix, especially because tungsten is not "wet" by the molten tin.
Ils présentent de plus l'inconvénient d'entraíner une baisse de la malléabilité de la matrice en étain et l'apparition de brasure de la poudre de tungstène, ce qui conduit à une augmentation indésirable de la dureté du matériau.They also have the disadvantage of training a decrease in the malleability of the tin matrix and the appearance of soldering of the tungsten powder, this which leads to an undesirable increase in hardness of the material.
Selon un troisième procédé, on compacte à haute pression dans un moule un mélange de poudres d'étain et de tungstène, à une température inférieure au point de fusion de l'étain.According to a third process, one compacts at high pressing in a mold a mixture of tin powders and tungsten at a temperature below the point of tin fusion.
Il est ainsi possible de réaliser des projectiles de quelques grammes (balles) convenant pour des armes rayées d'épaule ou de poing, mais le procédé est trop coûteux pour l'obtention d'éléments de faible épaisseur tels que de la grenaille.It is thus possible to produce projectiles a few grams (bullets) suitable for weapons shoulder or fist striped, but the process is too expensive to obtain thin elements such as shot.
Le brevet US 5 399 187 décrit par ailleurs l'obtention de balles composites pouvant être constituées d'une matrice en étain chargée en poudre de tungstène.US Patent 5,399,187 further describes obtaining composite balls which can be consisting of a tin matrix loaded with powdered tungsten.
Pour les matrices en métal ductile tel que l'étain, les balles peuvent être obtenues par mélange des poudres métalliques, suivi d'un compactage en barres ou billettes que l'on extrude ensuite en fils. Les balles sont ensuite obtenues par forgeage des fils à l'aide de poinçons.For ductile metal matrices such as tin, balls can be obtained by mixing powders metal, followed by compacting in bars or billets which are then extruded into wires. The balls are then obtained by forging wires using punches.
Il s'avère toutefois que si on cherche, selon une technique usuelle d'étirement des fils d'étain, à tréfiler un brin de diamètre 10-20 mm en composite étain-tungstène pour réduire le diamètre et obtenir un fil de diamètre compris entre 1 et 6 mm, on constate de nombreuses déchirures au niveau de l'interface étain/tungstène et la cassure du fil.It turns out, however, that if one seeks, according to a usual technique of stretching tin wires, drawing a strand of diameter 10-20 mm in composite tin-tungsten to reduce the diameter and obtain a wire with a diameter between 1 and 6 mm, there are many tears at the interface tin / tungsten and wire breakage.
L'homme du métier est donc à la recherche d'un procédé simple et peu onéreux de fabrication d'éléments composites étain-tungstène de faible épaisseur (1 à 6 mm environ) tels que de la grenaille sphérique pour cartouches de chasse ou pour plombs de pêche.Those skilled in the art are therefore looking for a simple and inexpensive process for manufacturing components thin tin-tungsten composites (1 to 6 mm approximately) such as spherical shot for cartridges for hunting or for fishing sinkers.
La présente invention a pour objet un tel procédé. The present invention relates to such a method.
Il a été découvert, de façon inattendue, qu'on pouvait, par simple extrusion d'un mélange, à l'état solide, de poudres d'étain et de tungstène, obtenir directement, sans étape intermédiaire de tréfilage et/ou d'obtention de barres ou billettes, un fil dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 1 mm et 6 mm présentant une tenue mécanique satisfaisante, sans déchirure au niveau de l'interface étain/tungstène, à la condition que la vitesse de filage soit inférieure ou égale à 80 mm/s.It was unexpectedly discovered that could, by simple extrusion of a mixture, in the state solid, tin and tungsten powders, get directly, without an intermediate drawing step and / or for obtaining bars or billets, a thread of which the thickness is between 1 mm and 6 mm having satisfactory mechanical strength, without tearing at level of the tin / tungsten interface, provided that the spinning speed is less than or equal to 80 mm / s.
Pour obtenir les éléments composites recherchés, le fil obtenu peut être découpé en tronçons qui sont ensuite matricés à la forme souhaitée, à l'aide de machines bien connues de l'homme du métier pour exercer une telle fonction.To obtain the desired composite elements, the wire obtained can be cut into sections which are then stamped to the desired shape, using machines well known to those skilled in the art for exercising such a function.
Un tel procédé est particulièrement simple et peu onéreux.Such a process is particularly simple and not very expensive.
Il permet de plus, notamment du fait de l'absence d'une étape de fusion de l'étain, de préserver la malléabilité de la matrice en étain et d'obtenir une répartition homogène de la poudre de tungstène dans la matrice.It also allows, in particular due to the absence a step of melting the tin, to preserve the malleability of the tin matrix and obtain a homogeneous distribution of tungsten powder in the matrix.
Selon l'invention, le mélange de la poudre d'étain et de la poudre de tungstène est directement extrudé, à l'état solide, en un fil dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 1 mm et 6 mm, de préférence compris entre 2 mm et 4 mm, limites incluses, notamment lorsque la section du fil est circulaire, ce qui est également préféré.According to the invention, the mixture of tin powder and tungsten powder is directly extruded, to solid state, in a wire whose thickness is included between 1 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 4 mm, limits included, especially when the section of the wire is circular, which is also preferred.
La section du fil peut toutefois être quelconque, notamment elliptique, carrée, triangulaire, rectangulaire, polygonale.The section of the wire can however be arbitrary, especially elliptical, square, triangular, rectangular, polygonal.
Par « directement », il faut comprendre que le passage du mélange des poudres au fil se fait sans étape intermédiaire, notamment sans obtention intermédiaire de billettes ou de brins de diamètre élevé, supérieur par exemple à 8 mm, et sans opération intermédiaire de tréfilage.By "directly", it should be understood that the passage of the mixture of powders to the wire is done without step intermediate, in particular without intermediate obtaining of large diameter billets or strands, greater by example at 8 mm, and without intermediate operation of wire drawing.
Par « extrudé », il faut classiquement comprendre que le mélange de poudres est poussé au travers d'une filière. Le terme « filage » est synonyme d'« extrusion ».By "extruded", we must classically understand that the powder mixture is pushed through a Faculty. The term "spinning" is synonymous of "extrusion".
Par « état solide », il faut comprendre que le mélange de poudres d'étain et de tungstène est extrudé à une température inférieure à la température de fusion de l'étain.By "solid state" it should be understood that the mixture of tin and tungsten powders is extruded to a temperature below the melting point of tin.
De façon préférée, le mélange est extrudé à une température comprise entre 170°C et 225°C, mieux encore entre 190°C et 220°C, limites incluses.Preferably, the mixture is extruded at a temperature between 170 ° C and 225 ° C, better yet between 190 ° C and 220 ° C, limits included.
Selon le procédé objet de la présente invention, on mélange tout d'abord, dans les proportions nécessaires pour atteindre la densité souhaitée, à l'aide d'un mélangeur approprié, de la poudre de tungstène et de la poudre d'étain, la granulométrie des poudres étant de préférence comprise dans le domaine 1 µm-200 µm, mieux encore dans le domaine 10 µm-50 µm.According to the process which is the subject of the present invention, first of all, in the proportions necessary to achieve the desired density, using a suitable mixer, tungsten powder and tin powder, the particle size of the powders preferably being in the range 1 μm -200 μm , better still in the range 10 μm -50 μm .
Le rapport pondéral étain/tungstène est de préférence compris entre 0,5 et 2,0, mieux encore entre 0,7 et 1,5. On obtient ainsi des éléments composites, notamment de la grenaille, ayant une densité approximativement comprise entre 9 et 12,5.The tin / tungsten weight ratio is preferably between 0.5 and 2.0, better still between 0.7 and 1.5. We thus obtain composite elements, especially shot, having a density approximately between 9 and 12.5.
L'extrusion du mélange de poudres peut ensuite être conduite soit de façon continue en alimentant régulièrement une extrudeuse adaptée à ce type d'opération, soit, ce qui est préféré, de façon discontinue.The extrusion of the powder mixture can then be driving either continuously by feeding regularly an extruder adapted to this type which is preferred, so discontinuous.
Selon cette variante discontinue préférée, on introduit le mélange des poudres dans le conteneur d'extrusion (pot de presse) d'une extrudeuse adaptée à ce type d'opération et comprenant également et de façon habituelle une ou plusieurs buses calibrées de sortie (filière), un piston dont la géométrie est adaptée à celle du conteneur permettant d'exercer une poussée du mélange de poudres au travers de la filière de filage, ainsi qu'un système de chauffage du conteneur d'extrusion.According to this preferred discontinuous variant, we introduces the powder mixture into the container of extrusion (press pot) of an extruder adapted to this type of operation and also including and so usual one or more calibrated outlet nozzles (die), a piston whose geometry is adapted to that of the container allowing to exert a push of the mixing of powders through the spinning die, as well as a container heating system extrusion.
Le calibre de la buse ou des buses correspond à la section souhaitée pour le fil.The size of the nozzle or nozzles corresponds to the desired section for the wire.
Selon une variante particulièrement préférée de l'invention, le mélange de poudres d'étain et de tungstène est soumis à un vide partiel avant d'être extrudé. Pour cela, on impose une pression réduite dans le conteneur d'extrusion contenant le mélange, de préférence inférieure à 100 mm Hg, à l'aide de moyens de pompage appropriés et bien connus de l'homme du métier.According to a particularly preferred variant of the invention, the mixture of tin powders and tungsten is subjected to a partial vacuum before being extruded. For this, a reduced pressure is imposed in the extrusion container containing the mixture, preferably less than 100 mm Hg, using pumping suitable and well known to those skilled in the art.
On obtient ainsi des fils de meilleure qualité, très peu poreux, ne présentant notamment pas d'inclusion d'air.We get better quality yarns, very little porous, in particular showing no inclusion of air.
Comme mentionné précédemment, la vitesse de filage, mesurée au niveau de la buse, ou des buses, de sortie de la filière, doit être ≤ 80 mm/s.As mentioned earlier, the spinning speed, measured at the nozzle, or nozzles, outlet the die, must be ≤ 80 mm / s.
Dans le cas contraire, on constate un mauvais état de surface du fil produit, des déchirures au niveau de l'interface étain/tungstène, et même la cassure du fil et/ou l'apparition de particules fondues.Otherwise, there is a poor condition surface of the product wire, tears at the tin / tungsten interface, and even the break of the wire and / or the appearance of molten particles.
De façon préférée, la vitesse de filage est comprise entre 1 mm/s et 80 mm/s, mieux encore entre 5 mm/s et 60 mm/s.Preferably, the spinning speed is between 1 mm / s and 80 mm / s, better still between 5 mm / s and 60 mm / s.
Cette limitation de la vitesse de filage correspond à une limitation de l'apport d'énergie lors du filage. De façon préférée, la puissance de filage développée par le piston de la presse est inférieure à 150 W, par exemple comprise entre 10 W et 100 W, mieux encore entre 10 W et 70 W, par buse d'extrusion.This limitation of the spinning speed corresponds a limitation of the energy supply during spinning. Preferably, the spinning power developed by the press piston is less than 150 W, by example between 10 W and 100 W, better still between 10 W and 70 W, by extrusion nozzle.
Selon une autre variante préférée de l'invention, la pression de filage est comprise entre 100 MPa et 300 MPa. According to another preferred variant of the invention, the spinning pressure is between 100 MPa and 300 MPa.
On préfère également opérer avec un rapport entre la section du piston et la section totale des buses, appelé rapport de filage, compris entre 80 et 250.We also prefer to operate with a ratio between the piston section and the total section of the nozzles, called the spinning ratio, between 80 and 250.
La vitesse du piston de presse est en général inférieure à 0,6 mm/s, de préférence comprise entre 0,05 mm/s et 0,5 mm/s.The speed of the press piston is generally less than 0.6 mm / s, preferably between 0.05 mm / s and 0.5 mm / s.
Selon une autre variante préférée de l'invention, la filière ne comporte pas de convergent (filière plate) et sa portée (épaisseur correspondant à la longueur du trou de la buse) est de préférence comprise entre 5 mm et 15 mm.According to another preferred variant of the invention, the sector does not have a convergent (flat sector) and its range (thickness corresponding to the length of the nozzle hole) is preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm.
Pour obtenir les éléments composites recherchés, notamment de la grenaille sphérique, on découpe le fil obtenu en tronçons, plus particulièrement en cylindres ayant de préférence une longueur égale au diamètre du fil, ou voisine de celui-ci, puis ces éléments sont ensuite matricés, de préférence à la température ambiante, pour obtenir la forme recherchée.To obtain the desired composite elements, especially spherical shot, the wire is cut obtained in sections, more particularly in cylinders preferably having a length equal to the diameter of the wire, or close to it, then these elements are then stamped, preferably at temperature ambient, to obtain the desired shape.
De préférence, et notamment selon la variante préférée pour laquelle les tronçons de fils sont des cylindres dont la longueur est proche ou égale au diamètre du fil, ce matriçage permet d'obtenir des sphères, ou des pseudo-sphères qui sont ensuite rectifiées à l'état de sphères, dont le diamètre est très proche ou identique à celui du fil.Preferably, and in particular according to the variant preferred for which the wire sections are cylinders whose length is close to or equal to wire diameter, this stamping allows to obtain spheres, or pseudo-spheres which are then rectified to the state of spheres, whose diameter is very close to or identical to that of the wire.
De tels éléments sphériques sont particulièrement adaptés pour réaliser des cartouches de chasse ou des plombs de bas de ligne pour la pêche en fixe, à la mouche ou au fouet, notamment des plombs fendus.Such spherical elements are particularly suitable for making hunting cartridges or Lead sinker sinkers for fixed, deep-sea fishing fly or whip, especially split pellets.
Selon une autre variante préférée, on peut aussi obtenir, par matriçage, à partir de tronçons cylindriques par exemple, des éléments ayant une forme ovoïde et une épaisseur proche de l'épaisseur ou du diamètre du fil. According to another preferred variant, it is also possible obtain, by stamping, from sections cylindrical for example, elements having a shape ovoid and a thickness close to the thickness or wire diameter.
De tels éléments ovoïdes sont particulièrement adaptés pour être utilisés comme olives de lestage pour la pêche à la traíne ou la pêche au lancer, notamment des olives fendues.Such ovoid elements are particularly suitable for use as ballasting olives for trolling or casting, especially split olives.
Toutes ces opérations de découpe et de matriçage peuvent être effectuées en continu, à l'aide de machines bien connues de l'homme du métier et notamment utilisées pour la réalisation de billes pour roulements à billes.All these cutting and stamping operations can be carried out continuously, using machines well known to those skilled in the art and in particular used for the production of balls for ball bearings.
L'épaisseur des éléments obtenus est en général identique ou très proche de celle du fil.The thickness of the elements obtained is generally identical or very close to that of the wire.
Selon l'épaisseur du fil élaboré, on peut donc obtenir des éléments composites ayant une épaisseur pouvant varier de 1 mm environ à 6 mm environ.Depending on the thickness of the wire produced, we can therefore obtain composite elements having a thickness can vary from approximately 1 mm to approximately 6 mm.
La présente invention a également pour objet le procédé précité d'obtention du fil, à savoir un procédé d'obtention d'un fil composite étain-tungstène à partir d'un mélange de poudres d'étain et de tungstène caractérisé en ce que le mélange de poudres est directement extrudé, à l'état solide, en un fil dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 1 mm et 6 mm et en ce que la vitesse de filage est inférieure ou égale à 80 mm/s.The present invention also relates to the aforementioned process for obtaining the wire, namely a process for obtaining a tin-tungsten composite wire from a mixture of tin and tungsten powders characterized in that the powder mixture is directly extruded, in the solid state, into a wire of which the thickness is between 1 mm and 6 mm and in that the spinning speed is less than or equal to 80 mm / s.
Les éléments composites étain-tungstène de faible épaisseur précités peuvent être utilisés à d'autres fins que la réalisation de cartouches de chasse ou de plombs de pêche, notamment et par exemple pour réaliser des masses d'équilibrage ou des objets pouvant faire écran aux rayonnements ionisants.Low-tin-tungsten composite elements aforementioned thickness can be used for other purposes that the production of hunting cartridges or pellets fishing, in particular and for example to carry out balancing weights or shielding objects ionizing radiation.
De tels écrans et masses peuvent aussi être obtenus à partir du fil lui-même, sans que celui-ci soit préalablement tronçonné.Such screens and weights can also be obtained from the wire itself, without it being previously cut.
Les exemples non limitatifs suivants illustrent l'invention et les avantages qu'elle procure.The following nonlimiting examples illustrate the invention and the advantages it provides.
La poudre de tungstène et la poudre d'étain utilisées ont un diamètre médian de 30 µm environ.The tungsten powder and the tin powder used have a median diameter of approximately 30 μm .
Les poudres d'étain et de tungstène sont mélangées dans les proportions mentionnées ultérieurement pour chaque exemple à l'aide d'un mélangeur approprié de type Forberg, à la température ambiante (20°C environ), durant environ 10 min, de façon à obtenir un mélange homogène.Tin and tungsten powders are mixed in the proportions mentioned later for each example using an appropriate type mixer Forberg, at room temperature (around 20 ° C), for about 10 min, so as to obtain a mixture homogeneous.
Le mélange homogène des 2 poudres est ensuite versé dans le conteneur d'une presse d'extrusion. Le conteneur, de forme cylindrique, comporte un piston interne de diamètre égal au diamètre interne du conteneur, à la tolérance d'ajustement près, de façon à pouvoir assurer la poussée du mélange vers la filière.The homogeneous mixture of the 2 powders is then poured in the container of an extrusion press. The container, cylindrical in shape, has a piston internal diameter equal to the internal diameter of the container, to the nearest tolerance, so that ability to push the mixture towards the die.
On a utilisé, pour ces exemples, 2 diamètres différents piston-conteneur (30 mm et 40 mm). Ce diamètre est précisé ultérieurement pour chaque exemple.For these examples, 2 diameters were used different piston-container (30 mm and 40 mm). This diameter is specified later for each example.
La course de déplacement du piston (longueur utile du conteneur) est de 70 mm.The piston displacement stroke (useful length container) is 70 mm.
La vitesse de déplacement du piston de filage, mû par un dispositif approprié bien connu de l'homme du métier, est précisée pour chaque exemple.The speed of movement of the spinning piston, moved by an appropriate device well known to those skilled in the art trade, is specified for each example.
Le conteneur est muni d'une part d'un dispositif (enveloppe chauffante) permettant d'assurer le chauffage du mélange de poudres qu'il contient, et d'autre part d'une prise de vide associée à un fritté permettant d'établir une pression réduite dans le conteneur rempli du mélange de poudres avant extrusion.The container is provided on the one hand with a device (heating jacket) for heating of the powder mixture it contains, and on the other hand a vacuum connection associated with a frit allowing establish reduced pressure in the filled container of the powder mixture before extrusion.
La presse d'extrusion comporte également une filière plate cylindrique (sans convergent) ayant une portée (épaisseur) de 10 mm et munie d'un seul perçage cylindrique situé en position centrale dont le diamètre 2,6 mm ou 3,2 mm est précisé pour chaque exemple.The extrusion press also has a cylindrical flat die (without convergent) having a reach (thickness) of 10 mm and fitted with a single hole cylindrical centrally located with a diameter 2.6 mm or 3.2 mm is specified for each example.
Le perçage de la filière est au départ obstrué par un opercule en aluminium de façon à pouvoir réaliser un vide partiel dans le conteneur. The drilling of the die is initially blocked by an aluminum seal so that you can make a partial vacuum in the container.
Le conteneur est alors chauffé et mis sous vide partiel jusqu'à une pression réduite inférieure à 80 mm Hg.The container is then heated and evacuated partial up to reduced pressure less than 80 mm Hg.
Après chauffage à une température mentionnée ultérieurement pour chaque essai, et maintien du vide partiel, durant 45 min environ, on procède à l'extrusion du mélange de poudres. L'opercule obturant le perçage de la filière éclate du fait de la pression exercée.After heating to a temperature mentioned later for each test, and maintaining the vacuum partial, for about 45 minutes, we proceed to the extrusion of the powder mixture. The cover sealing the piercing of the die bursts due to the pressure exerted.
Le tableau suivant précise et résume les conditions opératoires spécifiques à chaque exemple. The following table specifies and summarizes the operating conditions specific to each example.
Pour tous ces exemples, on obtient un fil ayant les propriétés physiques et mécaniques suivantes :For all these examples, we obtain a wire having the following physical and mechanical properties:
Les densités mesurées sont proches de la densité théorique. La densification est ≥ 95%.The densities measured are close to the density theoretical. Densification is ≥ 95%.
Elles montrent, pour tous les exemples, une orientation des éléments dans le sens de la longueur du fil. On constate une bonne homogénéité de distribution du tungstène et de l'étain, et pas ou très peu d'inclusions de gaz.They show, for all the examples, a orientation of the elements in the direction of the length of the wire. There is a good homogeneity of distribution tungsten and tin, and little or no gas inclusions.
L'état de surface du fil, pour tous les exemples, est très satisfaisant. Il est toutefois moins bon pour l'exemple 6, tout en restant satisfaisant.The surface condition of the wire, for all the examples, is very satisfactory. It is however less good for Example 6, while remaining satisfactory.
Elle est chiffrée par l'angle de pliage du fil
(angle balayé par les 2 parties du fil au moment de la
rupture)
Cette ductilité est satisfaisante.This ductility is satisfactory.
Elle est pratiquée soit sur une section du fil
(dureté travers), soit sur une coupe du fil dans le sens
de la longueur (dureté sens long)
Cette dureté est satisfaisante.This hardness is satisfactory.
Les fils obtenus pour ces 6 exemples ont ensuite été découpés en cylindres dont la longueur est égale au diamètre du fil à l'aide d'une machine bien connue de l'homme du métier pour exercer cette opération.The wires obtained for these 6 examples then have been cut into cylinders whose length is equal to wire diameter using a well known machine of the skilled person to exercise this operation.
Les cylindres ont ensuite été matricés, à la température ambiante (20°C environ), en sphères ayant un diamètre approximativement identique à celui des cylindres et du fil, à l'aide d'une machine également bien connue de l'homme du métier pour exercer cette opération, notamment dans le domaine des roulements à billes.The cylinders were then stamped, at the room temperature (around 20 ° C), in spheres with a diameter approximately identical to that of cylinders and wire, also using a machine well known to those skilled in the art to exercise this operation, particularly in the field of rolling bearings marbles.
On obtient ainsi, pour les exemples 1, 4, 5 et 6 de la grenaille sphérique de diamètre environ 3,2 mm, et pour les exemples 2 et 3 de la grenaille sphérique de diamètre environ 2,6 mm.This gives, for examples 1, 4, 5 and 6 of spherical shot with a diameter of approximately 3.2 mm, and for examples 2 and 3 of the spherical shot of diameter about 2.6 mm.
Ces exemples comparatifs ne font pas partie de l'invention. Ils ont été réalisés dans le seul but de montrer que la sélection d'un certain domaine de vitesse de filage selon l'invention n'est pas arbitraire, mais nécessaire pour procurer l'effet technique recherché, à savoir l'obtention d'un fil ayant un état de surface satisfaisant.These comparative examples are not part of the invention. They were made for the sole purpose of show that the selection of a certain velocity domain spinning according to the invention is not arbitrary, but necessary to provide the desired technical effect, know how to obtain a surface finish wire satisfactory.
Les exemples 4 à 6 selon l'invention ont été reproduits, toutes choses identiques par ailleurs, en modifiant la vitesse du piston de filage et donc en conséquence, la vitesse de filage attendue.Examples 4 to 6 according to the invention were reproduced, all other things being identical, in modifying the speed of the spinning piston and therefore consequence, the expected spinning speed.
Pour l'exemple comparatif A, on a imposé une vitesse du piston de filage de 1 mm/s. La pression de filage mesurée est de 144 MPa.For comparative example A, we imposed a speed of the spinning piston of 1 mm / s. The pressure of measured wiring is 144 MPa.
La puissance de filage est 181 W.The spinning power is 181 W.
La vitesse attendue de filage est 156 mm/s, mais on a constaté que le fil sort en morceaux, ce qui est indésirable.The expected spinning speed is 156 mm / s, but we found that the wire comes out in pieces, which is undesirable.
Pour l'exemple comparatif B, on a imposé une vitesse du piston de filage de 10 mm/s. La pression de filage mesurée est de 255 MPa. La puissance de filage est 3200 W.For comparative example B, we imposed a spinning piston speed of 10 mm / s. The pressure of measured wiring is 255 MPa. The spinning power is 3200 W.
La vitesse attendue de filage est 1560 mm/s, mais seules apparaissent des particules fondues.The expected spinning speed is 1560 mm / s, but only molten particles appear.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0005930A FR2808711B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2000-05-10 | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOW THICKNESS TIN-TUNGSTEN COMPOSITE ELEMENTS |
FR0005930 | 2000-05-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1154026A1 true EP1154026A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
EP1154026B1 EP1154026B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=8850053
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01401106A Expired - Lifetime EP1154026B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-04-27 | Process for preparing composite tin-tungsten shot of small dimension |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6569381B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1154026B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE324469T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2347047C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60119021T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1154026T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2262615T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2808711B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1154026E (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7837809B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2010-11-23 | Real Federacion Espanola De Caza | Materials for the production of ecological ammunition and other applications |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6671997B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-01-06 | Peter B. Lindgren | Heavy monofilament fishing line |
US6981996B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-01-03 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Tungsten-tin composite material for green ammunition |
US7803314B1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2010-09-28 | Daniel George Tercho | Non-toxic shot formulation and method of making |
US20050188890A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-01 | Alltrista Zinc Products, L.P. | Composition and method for making frangible bullet |
DE102005045046A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Basf Ag | Tungsten shot |
US20100276829A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2010-11-04 | Guohua Yang | High Aspect Ratio Microstructures and Method for Fabricating High Aspect Ratio Microstructures From Powder Composites |
WO2008034891A2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Probiodrug Ag | Novel genes related to glutaminyl cyclase |
US8889709B2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2014-11-18 | Probiodrug Ag | Use of isoQC inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases or conditions |
WO2009029168A2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-03-05 | Springfield Munitions Company, Llc | Metal composite article and method of manufacturing |
US8365672B2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2013-02-05 | Aleaciones De Metales Sinterizados, S.A. | Frangible bullet and its manufacturing method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5950064A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-09-07 | Olin Corporation | Lead-free shot formed by liquid phase bonding |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5877437A (en) | 1992-04-29 | 1999-03-02 | Oltrogge; Victor C. | High density projectile |
US5913256A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1999-06-15 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Non-lead environmentally safe projectiles and explosive container |
US5399187A (en) | 1993-09-23 | 1995-03-21 | Olin Corporation | Lead-free bullett |
AU2951995A (en) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-01-25 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and method of making same |
US6248150B1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-06-19 | Darryl Dean Amick | Method for manufacturing tungsten-based materials and articles by mechanical alloying |
-
2000
- 2000-05-10 FR FR0005930A patent/FR2808711B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-19 US US09/837,208 patent/US6569381B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-27 PT PT01401106T patent/PT1154026E/en unknown
- 2001-04-27 AT AT01401106T patent/ATE324469T1/en active
- 2001-04-27 EP EP01401106A patent/EP1154026B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 DK DK01401106T patent/DK1154026T3/en active
- 2001-04-27 DE DE60119021T patent/DE60119021T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 ES ES01401106T patent/ES2262615T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-07 CA CA002347047A patent/CA2347047C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5950064A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-09-07 | Olin Corporation | Lead-free shot formed by liquid phase bonding |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7837809B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2010-11-23 | Real Federacion Espanola De Caza | Materials for the production of ecological ammunition and other applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2808711A1 (en) | 2001-11-16 |
ES2262615T3 (en) | 2006-12-01 |
PT1154026E (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CA2347047C (en) | 2007-09-18 |
ATE324469T1 (en) | 2006-05-15 |
FR2808711B1 (en) | 2002-08-09 |
US6569381B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
DE60119021D1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
EP1154026B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
DE60119021T2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
DK1154026T3 (en) | 2006-08-28 |
US20010053331A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
CA2347047A1 (en) | 2001-11-10 |
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