EP1152639B2 - Electrical heating unit, particularly for liquid supports - Google Patents
Electrical heating unit, particularly for liquid supports Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1152639B2 EP1152639B2 EP01110424.7A EP01110424A EP1152639B2 EP 1152639 B2 EP1152639 B2 EP 1152639B2 EP 01110424 A EP01110424 A EP 01110424A EP 1152639 B2 EP1152639 B2 EP 1152639B2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- temperature sensor
- contacts
- support
- conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric heating unit, in particular for liquid media, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the carrier carries not only an applied in thick-film technology electrical heating resistor, but also a heating zone associated, designed to deliver an electrical temperature signal temperature sensor in the form of a likewise applied in thick-film technology Meßwiderstandsbahn.
- the heat conductor contacts provided for the electrical connection of the heating resistor are fixedly arranged on the carrier in an unheated area at the edge of the carrier outside the heating zone occupied by the electrical heating resistor. They can be contacted there, for example, by an edge plug which can be plugged over the edge of the carrier.
- the sensor contacts provided for the electrical connection of the measuring resistance track are arranged in a central, unheated zone of the carrier in the immediate vicinity of a fastening bolt, which serves for the mechanical fastening of the heating element in a cooktop.
- a fastening bolt which serves for the mechanical fastening of the heating element in a cooktop.
- insulated feedthrough elements are provided in the carrier for the electrical lines required for connection of the temperature sensor, for example in the form of ceramic tubes. Also in this electric heating unit electrical connection and installation are relatively complicated.
- the DE 196 48 199 A discloses a glass-ceramic cooktop, on the underside of which flat electrical conductor tracks are provided, which serve for temperature determination and for capacitance measurement.
- An electrical contact to the conductor tracks via resilient contact tongues, which are held in a terminal block and are provided with a connecting cable. These contact tongues bear against a free end of the conductor tracks.
- the DE 29702813 U1 discloses an electric heating unit having the features of the preamble of claim 1. In this case, lead wires are welded or soldered to pads.
- the invention has for its object to provide an in particular for heating liquid media provided electric heating unit, according to the preamble of claim 1, which is electrically connected with minimal effort.
- the invention proposes an electric heating unit with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
- Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated herein by reference.
- an electric heating unit has a support on which at least one electrical heating resistor applied in flat conductor technology, in particular in thick-film technology, is permanently attached to form at least one heating zone. Furthermore, at least one of the heating zone associated temperature sensor is fixedly mounted on the carrier, which is designed to deliver electrical temperature signals, so that the signals of the temperature sensor are electronically evaluated.
- the carrier are assigned to the electrical connection of the heating resistor ThompsonleiterTypee and the electrical connection of the temperature sensor sensor contacts and the Schuleitereruttone and sensor contacts are spatially so closely summarized in a terminal area that they can be contacted by a single, common terminal device.
- the complete connection of the electric heating unit is sufficient for attach the appropriately adapted terminal device to the heating unit to connect both the electrical power supply for the heating element or the heating conductor, as well as to provide a signal-conducting connection from the temperature sensor to a temperature signal evaluation device.
- the preferably located in the edge region of the carrier in a heating resistance zone lying connection area advantageously has a lateral extent of a maximum of only a few centimeters, for example less than 5 cm or 4 cm, so that all carrier fixed contacts together and possibly in one operation manually or mechanically by means of a suitable , manually or mechanically well manipulated connection device can be contacted.
- the complete electrical connection of the heating unit via a single, common group connection contact is possible, whereby the effort in contacting the heating unit is minimal.
- the at least one temperature sensor is also in flat conductor technology, in particular in thick-film technology, mounted on the carrier, whereby a particularly flat design can be realized.
- it may be a measuring resistor, that is to say a heat-sensitive conductor with strongly negative (NTC) or strongly positive (PTC) temperature coefficients of the electrical resistance.
- NTC strongly negative
- PTC strongly positive
- the carrier is preferably designed for direct contact with the medium to be heated and accordingly has one or more heating surfaces, with which it can come into surface contact with the surface to be heated medium.
- the carrier has a preferably plate-shaped, metallic carrier core, for example made of stainless steel, on which at least one insulating layer is applied, which carries the heating resistor and the temperature sensor.
- the insulating layer may be applied in particular in the thick-film process, for example by screen printing. Its thickness can be in the range of e.g. 20 microns to 250 microns, for example between 50 microns and 100 microns.
- the outer surfaces of the carrier core facing away from the heating resistor may be partially or completely provided with a coating applied, for example, in the thick-film method, in order to electrically insulate the carrier and / or to protect it against corrosion by the medium to be heated.
- metallic carrier is provided according to a preferred development that at least one grounding contact for grounding of the heater is provided in the connection area, ie in the immediate vicinity of the Schuleiternessen and the sensor contacts.
- connection area ie in the immediate vicinity of the Schuleiternessen and the sensor contacts.
- metallic carrier core and insulating layer can be provided for this purpose that it has at least one recess or interruption in the connection region for electrical contacting of the carrier core or for connecting a grounding contact to the carrier core. Since in the region of Isolier Anlagenausappel aus the carrier core is directly accessible, this area is also used for zugêt attachment of a separate connection device on the carrier by welding.
- the fixed to the carrier surface heat conductor contacts and sensor contacts and possibly the at least one grounding contact are contacted by the connection of the heating element that soldered directly to the contact surfaces wires, contact elements o. The like., Welded or otherwise electrically connected fixedly connected to the contact surfaces become.
- the carrier mechanically fixed plug contact device with plug contacts, which are electrically connected to the SchuleiterCounten, the sensor contacts and possibly with the ground contacts.
- Such a group plug contact device is expediently formed by a single, separately producible by the carrier, which is fixedly attached after completion of the carrier provided with its electrically active components and serves as a component of a detachable electrical connector, which provides a particularly convenient electrical connection in particular the assembly allows.
- the metallic plug contacts are connected to the respectively associated, carrier-fixed contacts or contact surfaces in the manner of a welded joint, a solder joint and / or a (tool-free and possibly cold producible) Anpreßthetic.
- the plug contacts are preferably formed as flat tabs lying parallel to one another, which are arranged in a plug chamber formed in a housing of the plug contact device. They are preferably in a predetermined grid with a predetermined distance from each other or a multiple thereof parallel to each other and in series next to each other in the plug chamber. Characterized in that several belonging to a supply or output line harness or wiring harness blade terminals are arranged inside a plug chamber, they are completely protected and against both mechanical, and against the electrical safety influencing conditions.
- the connections can be provided in a very narrow, for example, a 5 mm grid, without short circuits or overheating are to be feared.
- the plug contact device has a mechanical coding, which serves to ensure a confusion mating the carrier mounted on the plug contact device with a complementary, provided on a lead wire connector socket.
- the mechanical coding may, for example, have recesses and / or projections running parallel to the plug-in direction, which are different in their number, dimension and / or position relative to the plug-in chamber in the case of plug-in devices to be connected differently.
- the output from the temperature sensor, electrical temperature signal can display and / or be used to control or control the temperature of the heating element.
- the heating unit has an integrated overload protection which, independently of such an evaluation of the temperature signal protect the heating element from overloading and possibly damage and thus may optionally serve as an integrated second security.
- the overload protection can be designed in particular in the form of at least one weak point in the manner of a fuse, which is arranged in the conductor path between the Schuleiternessen.
- It may be, for example, a printed resistor having a lower electrical resistance than the heating conductor, for example, only 1% to 2% of the Schuleiterwiderstandes and is in series in a supply line of the supply voltage on the carrier.
- the area performance of the series resistor is suitably chosen to be higher in the cold state than the area performance of the heating, so that in the case of improper operation, for example, when dry the heating unit, this resistor destroyed and the heater is turned off.
- the weak point can also be formed by a conductor narrowing in the course of the heating resistor.
- the shape of the carrier and the corresponding attachment of the heating resistor and the temperature sensor can be selected according to the intended application. For example, for egg cooker, water heater o. The like. Provided substantially flat, especially round carrier discs. Possibly.
- a carrier may have at least one location of a preferably made by deformation of the carrier stiffening against vibrations, in particular in the form of a bent edge portion. As a result, the carrier can be stiffened so far against externally induced vibration forces that the electrical functional devices attached thereto, such as the heating conductor and the temperature sensor, suffer no damage caused by vibration.
- the carrier is designed as a carrier tube, to which, preferably on its outside, the heating conductor or heating resistor and the at least one temperature sensor are mounted. It may in particular be such that at least one temperature sensor is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the tube on both sides of a heating zone heated by the heating element or conductors. As a result, the temperature of the medium to be heated flowing through the pipe can be measured on the inlet side and on the outlet side. By evaluating these temperature signals, for example, the flow rate can be determined.
- heating units it is possible to apply the heating in a simple circuit system or in several heating circuits on the insulating support.
- the power can be distributed to the power circuits as desired.
- the heating conductor (s) of a heating circuit can be arranged serially or in parallel, wherein preferably a parallel arrangement is selected so that in the event of a failure of a heating conductor, the heating unit remains functional as such.
- suitable choice of the heating circuits and different voltage variants can be switched.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of the bottom of an electric heating unit 1, which may for example form the bottom of a kettle.
- the heating unit comprises a circular, flat carrier 2, the upper side 3 forms a heating surface, which can come into direct contact with the liquid medium to be heated.
- the carrier has a metallic carrier core 4 in the form of a circular stainless steel plate, which is provided by a molding process with a circumferential, upwardly directed drawing radius or edge 5, which serves, inter alia, the stiffening of the carrier against externally introduced vibrational forces.
- an insulating layer 6 is applied by screen printing, which has vitreous and ceramic phases and which was prepared by heat treatment of a corresponding thick-film paste.
- the firmly adhered to the underside of fortunereprs 4 insulating layer has a substantially uniform thickness of about 80 microns and covers the entire flat bottom except for two each substantially rectangular recesses 7, 8, whose size is in each case about 1/2 cm 2 and in the region of the metallic bottom of the carrier core 4 is exposed.
- an electrical heating resistor 10 is arranged firmly adhering to surface contact with this.
- the heating resistor or heating conductor 10 forms the current-carrying heat source of the electric heating unit 1 and is applied in thick-film technology by screen printing and subsequent heat treatment to the insulating layer 6 and the electrically insulating support 2.
- the heating resistor 10 has a plurality of concentric to each other, circular arc-shaped Knileiterbahnsegmente which heat a shape of a not fully closed ring occupying heating zone, which is bounded in the radial direction outside of outer Kleinwiderstandsbahnsegmenten 12, 13 and inwardly by an inner Edelwiderstandsbahnsegment 14.
- a temperature sensor 20 is also applied to the insulating layer 6 or the carrier 2 in the thick-film process at a radial distance from the heating zone occupied by heating resistors.
- the temperature sensor is essentially formed by a meandering conductor track 21 made of electrical resistance material with a strong positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (PTC resistor) and may for example be made essentially of platinum.
- PTC resistor positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance
- the closely meandering course of the sensor material conductor track allows a very long conductor track of the resistance material to be accommodated in a small space on the relatively small, essentially rectangular area of the temperature sensor, so that the resistance of the temperature sensor changes significantly measurably with temperature changes.
- the two ends of the conductor 21 are connected by means of thick-film technology on the insulating layer 6 applied connecting tracks 22, 23 with thick-film technology on the carrier applied sensor contact surfaces, of which only the sensor contact surface 24 in Fig. 1 is recognizable.
- the connecting tracks 22, 23 may, like the connecting strips 17 between the Schustoffbahnsegmenten and the connecting tracks 18 between the SchuleiterCounten 19 and the resistance material by a material having a relatively low electrical resistance, such as silver, be formed.
- a special feature lies in the fact that the Schuleitertive horr 19 for electrical connection of the heating resistors to a control unit of the heating unit 1 having device and the sensor contact surfaces 24 for connection of the temperature sensor 20 to the control unit in a relatively small area connection area 26 with a small lateral distance to each other.
- the connection region lies within the heater-conductor-free zone 16 between the mutually facing circumferential ends of the Edelwiderstandsbahnen and also comprises the two recesses 7, 8, in the region of the stainless steel core 4 of the carrier can be contacted to ground the stainless steel carrier core.
- the connection area has a radial length of about 4 cm and a circumferential width of a maximum of about 3 cm. Since all the contacts required for the electrical connection of the heating unit are spatially concentrated in this area, the overall electrical connection of the heating unit can be made conveniently by making all the necessary electrical connections in the connection area 26.
- the heating unit 1 is fully electrically contacted via a single plug-in connection, wherein the easy for example during assembly producible and at any time, for example, for repair purposes detachable connector all connections for the electrical heating resistor, includes all connections for the temperature sensor 20 and also connections for grounding the heating unit.
- the carrier-solid part of the connector is formed by a plug contact device 30, which has a plastic housing 31 in the form of a connection side open towards the carrier and by means of a bottom 32 largely closed box.
- the standing perpendicular to the support surface walls of the housing and the bottom include a connector chamber, are arranged in the plug contacts in the form of flat tabs 34 to 38, which are aligned parallel to each other, perpendicular to the floor 32 protrude outward and in a row with a uniform grid spacing of 5 mm are arranged in the example.
- Another flat plug contact 39 is housed outside the actual plug chamber within a recess of a housing attached to the Stim cover 40.
- the tabs 34 to 39 are each formed by the same sized head portions of metallic contact elements which pass through the bottom 32, are firmly anchored in the ground and each foot sections 41 to 44, which are arranged and dimensioned such that the foot sections in positionally correct placement of the plug contact device lie on the support in the region of the contact surfaces 19 and 24 or in the region of the recesses 7, 8.
- the electrical contact between the thick-film contacts 19, 24 for the connection of the heating resistors or the temperature sensor and the markable as a male connector plug contact device can be done with a welding process, a soldering process and / or in a pressing process. By this contacting a mechanical attachment of the plug-in contact device is created on the carrier at the same time.
- the foot sections 43, 44 of the first or last plug contact of the male connector are attached directly to the stainless steel core 4 of the carrier 2 by welding.
- a grounding of the stainless steel carrier by contacting the associated flat tabs 34 and / or 39 is possible.
- a reliable strain relief for the male connector 30 is ensured so that it is ensured that even with repeated production and release of the connector or unfavorable cable management of the connected harness damage in the range of plug contact 30 is largely excluded.
- the connections leading to the thick-film contacts 19, 24 are relieved of external mechanical forces.
- a mechanical coding is provided on the plug-in contact device 30, which ensures that only a wire harness or wiring harness with the right, associated socket can be connected.
- the mechanical coding comprises in the perpendicular to the bottom 32 and the support surface aligned side walls of the housing 31 formed recesses 46 and projections 47, which may be formed differently with respect to different plug devices with respect to number, dimension and / or position relative to the plug-in chamber, that only the correct socket is inserted.
- Fig. 3 shows very schematically a development of the outside of such a flow heater.
- the carrier consists essentially of a stainless steel tube 49, on the outside of an insulating layer 54 was applied in thick film technology. This has two recesses 56, 57 in the connection area 55, in the region of which the metallic carrier material is exposed.
- an electrical heating resistor 58 is applied in thick-film technology
- the Schuleiterbahn is applied a meandering course with parallel to the longitudinal direction 53 long and circumferentially short sections and heating a heating zone, which covers the largest part of the circumference, for example at a circumferential angle between 300 ° and 340 °, heated.
- the insulating layer 54 On the insulating layer 54 also three temperature sensors 59, 60, 61 are applied in thick-film technique, which are spaced apart in the flow direction 53. The two arranged at the axial height of the terminal region temperature sensors 59, 60 in the flow direction in front of the determined by the Schuleiterwindungen 58 heating zone, while the third temperature sensor 61 is located behind the heating zone. This conductor arrangement can be protected outside by a further insulating layer.
- a firmly attached to the support plug contact device 65 is analogous to that in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 connector means 30 described the electrical connection of both the three temperature sensors 59, 60, 61, and the heating conductor 58 with a wire harness, not shown, which contains both the supply lines for the heating, as well as the signal lines for the temperature detection.
- the longitudinally of the tube elongated, arranged upstream of the heating resistor 58 in the inlet region of the tube male connector 65 includes nine tabs, of which the Flachstekertab 66th for connecting the heating conductor, the three Flachstekercrue 67 for connecting the temperature sensor and the tabs 68 of the grounding of the carrier is used, to which the flat tongue 68 forming contact element in the edge recess 56 of the insulating layer is welded directly to the metallic tube 50 of the flow heater.
- a special feature of this formed in tubular heating element is that thanks to the plurality of temperature sensors, of which at least one (sensor 59, 60) in the longitudinal direction 53 in front of the heating zone and at least one behind the heating zone, the temperature of the medium to be heated at the inlet and at Outlet of the heating is determinable. From these two temperature values, the flow rate can be derived.
- the heating unit 50 includes e.g. with the temperature sensors 59 and 61, an integrated sensor for flow measurement and for determining the flow rate. It is expedient here if the heat-sensitive conductor materials of the temperature sensors have a distance from the heating conductor which corresponds at least to the simple thickness of the carrier material.
- a distance of a temperature sensor provided for determining the temperature of the medium is preferably at least twice the thickness of the carrier material. This ensures that the temperature at the location of the sensor is essentially determined by the temperature of the medium to be measured, while the heat generated at the heat conductor is mainly deducted to the medium and practically can not get directly to the temperature sensor.
- heat-sensitive conductor it is also possible, with the help of one or more heat-sensitive conductor to detect the emergence of an overtemperature to turn off to secure the heating element against damage to this via the electronic controller.
- the heat-sensitive conductor of a temperature sensor provided for this purpose, e.g. the sensor 60 has a smaller distance to the heating conductor than twice the thickness of the carrier material.
- the heat-sensitive conductor may be e.g. also be arranged below or above the heating conductor and be electrically insulated from it by an insulator layer.
- a printed fuse resistor 69 is provided, which is connected in series in the supply line of the supply voltage for the heating conductor 58 and thus flows through the supply current.
- the material of the fuse resistor 69 has a higher positive temperature coefficient than the material of the heating conductor, so that its resistance increases with increasing temperature than that of the heating conductor.
- the surface power of the series resistor 69 is preferably selected to be higher in the cold state than the surface power of the heating element. In the case of improper use of the heating unit, for example during dry running, ie during operation without heat loss, this resistance is destroyed and the supply line between terminal 65 and heating resistor 58 is interrupted.
- Such a weak point operating in the manner of a fuse can of course also be used in embodiments of the type described in US Pat Fig. 1 and 2 be provided kind shown.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Heizeinheit, insbesondere für flüssige Medien, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electric heating unit, in particular for liquid media, according to the preamble of
Zum Beheizen von flüssigen Medien im stehenden und/oder durchlaufenden Zustand, beispielsweise in Boilern, Heißwassergeräten, Wasserkochern, Durchlauferhitzern, Geschirrspülern o. dgl., werden heutzutage häufig Rohrheizkörper oder darauf aufbauende Einrichtungen verwendet. Insbesondere bei Wasserkochern o. dgl. werden auch schon elektrische Heizeinheiten eingesetzt, die einen beispielsweise keramischen Träger aufweisen, auf dem zur Bildung mindestens einer Heizzone mindestens ein in Flachleitertechnik, insbesondere in Dickschichttechnik, aufgebrachter elektrischer Heizwiderstand angebracht ist. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist in der
Aus der
Die
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine insbesondere zur Beheizung flüssiger Medien vorgesehene elektrische Heizeinheit, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, die mit minimalem Arbeitsaufwand elektrisch anschließbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide an in particular for heating liquid media provided electric heating unit, according to the preamble of
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine elektrische Heizeinheit mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens von Anspruch 1 vor. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Der Wortlaut sämtlicher Ansprüche wird durch Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.To solve this problem, the invention proposes an electric heating unit with the features of the characterizing part of
Eine erfindungsgemäße elektrische Heizeinheit hat demnach einen Träger, auf dem zur Bildung mindestens einer Heizzone mindestens ein in Flachleitertechnik, insbesondere in Dickschichttechnik, aufgebrachter elektrischer Heizwiderstand fest angebracht ist. Weiterhin ist am Träger mindestens ein der Heizzone zugeordneter Temperatursensor fest angebracht, der zur Abgabe elektrischer Temperatursignale ausgebildet ist, so daß die Signale des Temperaturfühlers elektronisch auswertbar sind. Dem Träger sind zum elektrischen Anschluß des Heizwiderstandes Heizleiterkontakte und zum elektrischen Anschluß des Temperatursensors Sensorkontakte zugeordnet und die Heizleiterkontakte und Sensorkontakte sind in einem Anschlußbereich räumlich derart eng zusammengefaßt, daß sie durch eine einzige, gemeinsame Anschlußeinrichtung kontaktierbar sind.Accordingly, an electric heating unit according to the invention has a support on which at least one electrical heating resistor applied in flat conductor technology, in particular in thick-film technology, is permanently attached to form at least one heating zone. Furthermore, at least one of the heating zone associated temperature sensor is fixedly mounted on the carrier, which is designed to deliver electrical temperature signals, so that the signals of the temperature sensor are electronically evaluated. The carrier are assigned to the electrical connection of the heating resistor Heizleiterkontakte and the electrical connection of the temperature sensor sensor contacts and the Heizleitererkontakte and sensor contacts are spatially so closely summarized in a terminal area that they can be contacted by a single, common terminal device.
Damit reicht es für den vollständigen Anschluß der elektrischen Heizeinheit aus, die geeignet angepaßte Anschlußeinrichtung an der Heizeinheit anzubringen, um sowohl die elektrische Leistungsversorgung für den oder die Heizleiter anzuschließen, als auch eine signalleitende Verbindung vom Temperatursensor zu einer Auswerteeinrichtung für das Temperatursignal zu schaffen. Der vorzugsweise im Randbereich des Trägers in einer heizwiderstandsfreien Zone liegende Anschlußbereich hat vorteilhafterweise eine laterale Ausdehnung von maximal nur wenigen Zentimetern, beispielsweise weniger als 5 cm oder 4 cm, so daß alle trägerfesten Kontakte gemeinsam und ggf. in einem Arbeitsgang manuell oder maschinell mittels einer geeigneten, manuell oder maschinell gut manipulierbaren Anschlußeinrichtung kontaktierbar sind. Damit ist der vollständige elektrische Anschluß der Heizeinheit über einen einzigen, gemeinsamen Gruppenanschlußkontakt möglich, wodurch der Aufwand bei der Kontaktierung der Heizeinheit minimal wird.Thus, it is sufficient for the complete connection of the electric heating unit to attach the appropriately adapted terminal device to the heating unit to connect both the electrical power supply for the heating element or the heating conductor, as well as to provide a signal-conducting connection from the temperature sensor to a temperature signal evaluation device. The preferably located in the edge region of the carrier in a heating resistance zone lying connection area advantageously has a lateral extent of a maximum of only a few centimeters, for example less than 5 cm or 4 cm, so that all carrier fixed contacts together and possibly in one operation manually or mechanically by means of a suitable , manually or mechanically well manipulated connection device can be contacted. Thus, the complete electrical connection of the heating unit via a single, common group connection contact is possible, whereby the effort in contacting the heating unit is minimal.
Vorzugsweise ist der mindestens eine Temperatursensor ebenfalls in Flachleitertechnik, insbesondere in Dickschichttechnik, auf dem Träger angebracht, wodurch eine besonders flache Bauform realisierbar ist. Es kann sich dabei insbesondere um einen Meßwiderstand handeln, also um einen wärmeempfindlichen Leiter mit stark negativen (NTC) oder stark positiven (PTC) Temperaturkoeffizienten des elektrischen Widerstandes. Dadurch sind eindeutige, elektronisch einfach auswertbare Temperatursignale erzeugbar.Preferably, the at least one temperature sensor is also in flat conductor technology, in particular in thick-film technology, mounted on the carrier, whereby a particularly flat design can be realized. In particular, it may be a measuring resistor, that is to say a heat-sensitive conductor with strongly negative (NTC) or strongly positive (PTC) temperature coefficients of the electrical resistance. As a result, clear, easily evaluated electronically temperature signals can be generated.
Der Träger ist vorzugsweise zum direkten Kontakt mit dem zu beheizenden Medium ausgebildet und hat dementsprechend eine oder mehrere Heizflächen, mit denen er in flächigem Berührungskontakt mit dem zu beheizenden Medium treten kann. Bei der Erfindung weist der Träger einen vorzugsweise plattenförmigen, metallischen Trägerkern, beispielsweise aus Edelstahl, auf, auf den mindestens eine Isolierschicht aufgebracht ist, die den Heizwiderstand und den Temperatursensor trägt. Die Isolierschicht kann insbesondere im Dickschichtverfahren aufgebracht sein, beispielsweise durch Siebdruck. Ihre Dicke kann im Bereich von z.B. 20 µm bis 250 µm liegen, beispielsweise zwischen 50 µm und 100 µm. Auch die dem Heizwiderstand abgewandten Außenflächen des Trägerkerns können teilweise oder vollständig mit einer beispielsweise im Dickschichtverfahren aufgebrachten Beschichtung versehen sein, um den Träger elektrisch zu isolieren und/oder gegen Korrosion durch das zu beheizende Medium zu schützen.The carrier is preferably designed for direct contact with the medium to be heated and accordingly has one or more heating surfaces, with which it can come into surface contact with the surface to be heated medium. In the invention, the carrier has a preferably plate-shaped, metallic carrier core, for example made of stainless steel, on which at least one insulating layer is applied, which carries the heating resistor and the temperature sensor. The insulating layer may be applied in particular in the thick-film process, for example by screen printing. Its thickness can be in the range of e.g. 20 microns to 250 microns, for example between 50 microns and 100 microns. Also, the outer surfaces of the carrier core facing away from the heating resistor may be partially or completely provided with a coating applied, for example, in the thick-film method, in order to electrically insulate the carrier and / or to protect it against corrosion by the medium to be heated.
Bei metallischem Träger ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung vorgesehen, daß im Anschlußbereich, also in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe zu den Heizleiterkontakten und den Sensorkontakten, mindestens ein Erdungskontakt zur Erdung der Heizeinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Damit kann neben der Netzversorgung und dem Sensoranschluß auch der Anschluß für die Erdung der Heizeinheit über eine gemeinsame Anschlußeinrichtung vollzogen werden. Bei metallischem Trägerkern und Isolierschicht kann hierzu vorgesehen sein, daß diese im Anschlußbereich mindestens eine Ausnehmung bzw. Unterbrechung zur elektrischen Kontaktierung des Trägerkernes bzw. zum Anschluß eines Erdungskontaktes an den Trägerkern aufweist. Da im Bereich von Isolierschichtausnehmungen der Trägerkern direkt zugänglich ist, wird dieser Bereich auch zur zugsicheren Befestigung einer gesonderten Anschlußeinrichtung am Träger durch Anschweißen genutzt.In metallic carrier is provided according to a preferred development that at least one grounding contact for grounding of the heater is provided in the connection area, ie in the immediate vicinity of the Heizleiterkontakten and the sensor contacts. Thus, in addition to the mains supply and the sensor connection and the connection for the grounding of the heating unit can be completed via a common connection device. In metallic carrier core and insulating layer can be provided for this purpose that it has at least one recess or interruption in the connection region for electrical contacting of the carrier core or for connecting a grounding contact to the carrier core. Since in the region of Isolierschichtausnehmungen the carrier core is directly accessible, this area is also used for zugsicheren attachment of a separate connection device on the carrier by welding.
Die am Träger fest angebrachten flächigen Heizleiterkontakte und Sensorkontakte sowie ggf. der mindestens eine Erdungskontakt werden beim Anschluß des Heizelementes dadurch kontaktiert, daß direkt an die Kontaktflächen Drähte, Kontaktelemente o. dgl. angelötet, angeschweißt oder auf andere Weise elektrisch leitend fest mit den Kontaktflächen verbunden werden. Bei der Erfindung eine am Träger mechanisch fest angebrachte Steckkontakteinrichtung mit Steckkontakten vorgesehen, die mit den Heizleiterkontakten, den Sensorkontakten und ggf. mit den Erdungskontakten elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Eine derartige Gruppensteckkontakteinrichtung wird zweckmäßig durch ein einziges, vom Träger gesondert herstellbares Bauteil gebildet, das nach Fertigstellung des mit seinen elektrisch aktiven Komponenten versehenen Trägers an diesen fest angebracht wird und als eine Komponente einer lösbaren elektrischen Steckverbindung dient, die einen besonders bequemen elektrischen Anschluß insbesondere bei der Montage ermöglicht. Die metallischen Steckkontakte sind mit den jeweils zugeordneten, trägerfesten Kontakten bzw. Kontaktflächen verbunden nach Art einer Schweißverbindung, einer Lötverbindung und/oder einer (hilfsmittelfrei und ggf. kalt herstellbaren) Anpreßverbindung.The fixed to the carrier surface heat conductor contacts and sensor contacts and possibly the at least one grounding contact are contacted by the connection of the heating element that soldered directly to the contact surfaces wires, contact elements o. The like., Welded or otherwise electrically connected fixedly connected to the contact surfaces become. In the invention provided on the carrier mechanically fixed plug contact device with plug contacts, which are electrically connected to the Heizleiterkontakten, the sensor contacts and possibly with the ground contacts. Such a group plug contact device is expediently formed by a single, separately producible by the carrier, which is fixedly attached after completion of the carrier provided with its electrically active components and serves as a component of a detachable electrical connector, which provides a particularly convenient electrical connection in particular the assembly allows. The metallic plug contacts are connected to the respectively associated, carrier-fixed contacts or contact surfaces in the manner of a welded joint, a solder joint and / or a (tool-free and possibly cold producible) Anpreßverbindung.
Die Steckkontakte sind vorzugsweise als parallel zueinander liegende Flachsteckzungen ausgebildet, die in einer in einem Gehäuse der Steckkontakteinrichtung ausgebildeten Steckerkammer angeordnet sind. Sie liegen dabei vorzugsweise in einem vorgegebenen Raster mit einem vorgegebenen Abstand voneinander oder einem Vielfachen davon parallel zueinander und in Reihe nebeneinander in der Steckerkammer. Dadurch, daß mehrere zu einem Zu- oder Abgangsleitungsstrang bzw. -kabelbaum gehörende Flachsteckanschlüsse im Inneren einer Steckerkammer angeordnet sind, liegen sie völlig geschützt und zwar sowohl gegen mechanische, als auch gegen die elektrische Sicherheit beeinflussende Gegebenheiten. Die Anschlüsse können in einem sehr engen, beispielsweise einem 5 mm-Raster vorgesehen sein, ohne daß Kurzschlüsse oder Überhitzungen zu befürchten sind.The plug contacts are preferably formed as flat tabs lying parallel to one another, which are arranged in a plug chamber formed in a housing of the plug contact device. They are preferably in a predetermined grid with a predetermined distance from each other or a multiple thereof parallel to each other and in series next to each other in the plug chamber. Characterized in that several belonging to a supply or output line harness or wiring harness blade terminals are arranged inside a plug chamber, they are completely protected and against both mechanical, and against the electrical safety influencing conditions. The connections can be provided in a very narrow, for example, a 5 mm grid, without short circuits or overheating are to be feared.
Vorzugsweise hat die Steckkontakteinrichtung eine mechanische Codierung, die dazu dient, ein verwechselungssicheres Zusammenstecken der am Träger angebrachten Steckkontakteinrichtung mit einer komplementären, an einem Anschlußleiterstrang vorgesehenen Steckerbuchse sicherzustellen. Dadurch kann ein wesentliches Fehlerpotential bei der Montage und bei einer evtl. erforderlichen Reparatur der Heizeinheit ausgeschaltet werden, da Fehlkontaktierungen ausgeschlossen werden. Die mechanische Codierung kann beispielsweise parallel zur Steckrichtung verlaufende Ausnehmungen und/oder Vorsprünge aufweisen, die bzgl. ihrer Anzahl, Dimension und/oder Position relativ zu der Steckerkammer bei unterschiedlich anzuschließenden Steckereinrichtungen unterschiedlich sind.Preferably, the plug contact device has a mechanical coding, which serves to ensure a confusion mating the carrier mounted on the plug contact device with a complementary, provided on a lead wire connector socket. As a result, it is possible to eliminate a significant potential for error during assembly and in the case of a possibly required repair of the heating unit, since faulty contacts are excluded. The mechanical coding may, for example, have recesses and / or projections running parallel to the plug-in direction, which are different in their number, dimension and / or position relative to the plug-in chamber in the case of plug-in devices to be connected differently.
Das vom Temperatursensor abgegebene, elektrische Temperatursignal kann zur Anzeige und/oder zur Regelung oder Steuerung der Temperatur des Heizelementes genutzt werden. Insbesondere kann mit Hilfe des Temperatursensors im unsachgemäßen Gebrauch des Heizelementes, beispielsweise beim Betrieb ohne Wärmeabnahme, eine Übertemperatur detektiert und das Heizelement über die angeschlossene elektronische Regelung abgeschaltet und damit vor Schädigung geschützt werden. Vorzugsweise hat die Heizeinheit eine integrierte Überlastsicherung, die unabhängig von einer derartigen Auswertung des Temperatursignales das Heizelement vor Überbelastung und ggf. Beschädigung schützen und somit ggf. als integrierte zweite Sicherheit dienen kann. Die Überlastsicherung kann insbesondere in Form mindestens einer Schwachstelle nach Art einer Schmelzsicherung ausgebildet sein, die im Leiterverlauf zwischen den Heizleiterkontakten angeordnet ist. Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um einen gedruckten Widerstand handeln, der einen niedrigeren elektrischen Widerstand als der Heizleiter hat, beispielsweise mit nur 1% bis 2% des Heizleiterwiderstandes und der sich in Serie in einer Zuleitung der Versorgungsspannung auf dem Träger befindet. Die Flächenleistung des Vorwiderstandes ist im kalten Zustand zweckmäßig höher gewählt als die Flächenleistung des Heizleiters, so daß im Falle eines unsachgemäßen Betriebes, beispielsweise beim Trockengehen der Heizeinheit, dieser Widerstand zerstört und die Heizung abgeschaltet wird. Die Schwachstelle kann auch durch eine Leiterbahnverengung im Verlauf des Heizwiderstandes gebildet sein.The output from the temperature sensor, electrical temperature signal can display and / or be used to control or control the temperature of the heating element. In particular, with the aid of the temperature sensor in the improper use of the heating element, for example, during operation without heat loss, detected an excess temperature and the heating element switched off via the connected electronic control and thus protected from damage. Preferably, the heating unit has an integrated overload protection which, independently of such an evaluation of the temperature signal protect the heating element from overloading and possibly damage and thus may optionally serve as an integrated second security. The overload protection can be designed in particular in the form of at least one weak point in the manner of a fuse, which is arranged in the conductor path between the Heizleiterkontakten. It may be, for example, a printed resistor having a lower electrical resistance than the heating conductor, for example, only 1% to 2% of the Heizleiterwiderstandes and is in series in a supply line of the supply voltage on the carrier. The area performance of the series resistor is suitably chosen to be higher in the cold state than the area performance of the heating, so that in the case of improper operation, for example, when dry the heating unit, this resistor destroyed and the heater is turned off. The weak point can also be formed by a conductor narrowing in the course of the heating resistor.
Die Form des Trägers und die entsprechende Anbringung des Heizwiderstandes und des Temperatursensors kann entsprechend der vorgesehenen Anwendung gewählt werden. So sind beispielsweise für Eierkocher, Wasserboiler o. dgl. im wesentlichen flache, insbesondere runde Trägerscheiben vorgesehen. Ggf. kann ein Träger an mindestens einer Stelle eine vorzugsweise durch Verformung des Trägers hergestellte Versteifung gegen Schwingungen aufweisen, insbesondere in Form eines aufgebogenen Randabschnittes. Dadurch kann der Träger so weit gegen von außen eingeleitete Schwingungskräfte versteift werden, daß die daran angebrachten elektrischen Funktionseinrichtungen, wie der Heizleiter und der Temperatursensor, keine schwingungsbedingten Schäden erleiden.The shape of the carrier and the corresponding attachment of the heating resistor and the temperature sensor can be selected according to the intended application. For example, for egg cooker, water heater o. The like. Provided substantially flat, especially round carrier discs. Possibly. For example, a carrier may have at least one location of a preferably made by deformation of the carrier stiffening against vibrations, in particular in the form of a bent edge portion. As a result, the carrier can be stiffened so far against externally induced vibration forces that the electrical functional devices attached thereto, such as the heating conductor and the temperature sensor, suffer no damage caused by vibration.
Bei anderen Ausführungsformen, die beispielsweise zum Aufbau von Durchflußerhitzern verwendbar sind, ist der Träger als Trägerrohr ausgebildet, an dem, vorzugsweise an seiner Außenseite, der Heizleiter bzw. Heizwiderstand und der mindestens eine Temperatursensor angebracht sind. Dabei kann es insbesondere so sein, daß in Längsrichtung des Rohres auf beiden Seiten einer durch den oder die Heizleiter beheizten Heizzone mindestens ein Temperatursensor angebracht ist. Dadurch kann die Temperatur des zu beheizenden, durch das Rohr strömenden Mediums einlaßseitig und auslaßseitig gemessen werden. Durch Auswertung dieser Temperatursignale kann beispielsweise die Durchflußmenge ermittelt werden.In other embodiments, which can be used, for example, for the construction of flow heaters, the carrier is designed as a carrier tube, to which, preferably on its outside, the heating conductor or heating resistor and the at least one temperature sensor are mounted. It may in particular be such that at least one temperature sensor is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the tube on both sides of a heating zone heated by the heating element or conductors. As a result, the temperature of the medium to be heated flowing through the pipe can be measured on the inlet side and on the outlet side. By evaluating these temperature signals, for example, the flow rate can be determined.
Bei allen erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinheiten ist es möglich, die Beheizung in einem einfachen Kreissystem oder in mehreren Heizkreisen auf dem isolierenden Träger aufzubringen. Bei Mehrkreissystemen kann die Leistung nach Wunsch auf die Leistungskreise verteilt werden. Der oder die Heizleiter eines Heizkreises können dabei seriell oder parallel angeordnet sein, wobei bevorzugt eine parallele Anordnung gewählt wird, damit im Falle eines Ausfalls eines Heizleiters die Heizeinheit als solche funktionstüchtig bleibt. Durch geeignete Wahl der Heizkreise können auch unterschiedliche Spannungsvarianten geschaltet werden.In all heating units according to the invention, it is possible to apply the heating in a simple circuit system or in several heating circuits on the insulating support. For multi-circuit systems, the power can be distributed to the power circuits as desired. The heating conductor (s) of a heating circuit can be arranged serially or in parallel, wherein preferably a parallel arrangement is selected so that in the event of a failure of a heating conductor, the heating unit remains functional as such. By suitable choice of the heating circuits and different voltage variants can be switched.
Diese und weitere Merkmale gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombinationen bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte sowie für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können.These and other features will become apparent from the claims but also from the description and drawings, wherein the individual features each alone or more in the form of sub-combinations in an embodiment of the invention and in other fields be realized and advantageous and protectable Can represent versions.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schrägperspektivische Ansicht der Unterseite einer als Boden für einen Wasserkocher verwendbaren, erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Heizeinheit mit einer fest am Träger der Heizeinheit angebrachten Steckkontakteinrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II in
Fig. 1 und - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Abwicklung einer elektrischen Heizeinheit in Form eines Durchflußerhitzers.
- Fig. 1
- an oblique perspective view of the bottom of a usable as a floor for a kettle, electric heating unit according to the invention with a fixedly mounted on the support of the heating unit plug contact device;
- Fig. 2
- a section along the line II-II in
Fig. 1 and - Fig. 3
- a schematic representation of a settlement of an electric heating unit in the form of a flow heater.
Die schrägperspektivische Darstellung in
Auf der ebenen Unterseite des Trägerkerns 4 ist im Siebdruckverfahren eine Isolierschicht 6 aufgebracht, die glasartige und keramische Phasen aufweist und die durch Wärmebehandlung einer entsprechenden Dickschichtpaste hergestellt wurde. Die fest auf der Unterseite des Trägerköreprs 4 haftende Isolierschicht hat eine im wesentlichen gleichförmige Dicke von ca. 80 µm und bedeckt die gesamte ebene Unterseite mit Ausnahme zweier jeweils im wesentlichen rechteckiger Aussparungen 7, 8, deren Größe jeweils ca. 1/2 cm2 beträgt und in deren Bereich die metallische Unterseite des Trägerkerns 4 freiliegt.On the flat underside of the
Auf der dem Trägerkörper abgewandten, im wesentlichen ebenen freien Oberfläche der Isolierschicht 6 ist mit flächigem Kontakt zu dieser ein elektrischer Heizwiderstand 10 fest haftend angeordnet. Der Heizwiderstand bzw. Heizleiter 10 bildet die stromdurchflossene Wärmequelle der elektrischen Heizeinheit 1 und ist in Dickschichttechnik durch Siebdruck und nachfolgende Wärmebehandlung auf die Isolierschicht 6 bzw. den elektrisch isolierenden Träger 2 aufgebracht. Der Heizwiderstand 10 weist mehrere, konzentrisch zueinander angeordnete, kreisbogenförmige Heizleiterbahnsegmente auf, die eine die Form eines nicht vollständig geschlossenen Ringes einnehmende Heizzone beheizen, die in radialer Richtung außen von äußeren Heizwiderstandsbahnsegmenten 12, 13 und nach innen durch ein inneres Heizwiderstandsbahnsegment 14 begrenzt ist. Um das Zentrum des Trägers ist im Inneren des inneren Heizwiderstandsbahnsegmentes 14 eine etwa kreisförmige, heizleiterfreie Zone 15 gebildet, an die sich in Radialrichtung eine zwischen den Umfangsenden der Heizleiterbahnsegmente gebildete radiale heizleiterfreie Zone 16 anschließt, in deren Bereich auch die mit radialem Abstand zueinander angeordneten Ausnehmungen 7, 8 liegen. Die in Radialrichtung mit einem Abstand von jeweils ca. 1 mm zueinander angeordneten Heizleiterbahnsegmente sind im Bereich ihrer Umfangsenden teilweise mit ebenfalls in Dickschichttechnik aufgebrachten Verbindungsstreifen 17 derart untereinander verbunden, daß alle Heizleiterbahnsegmente in Serie geschaltet sind. Von den einander zugewandten Enden der äußeren Heizleiterbahnsegmente 12, 13 führen ebenfalls in Dickschichttechnik auf die Isolierschicht aufgebrachte Zuleitungsbahnen 18 bis zu zwei in Dickschichttechnik aufgebrachten Heizleiterkontaktflächen, von denen nur die Kontaktfläche 19 in
Im Bereich der zentrischen, heizleiterfreien Zone 15 ist mit radialem Abstand zu der mit Heizwiderständen belegten Heizzone ein Temperatursensor 20 ebenfalls im Dickschichtverfahren auf die Isolierschicht 6 bzw. den Träger 2 aufgebracht. Der Temperatursensor wird im wesentlichen durch eine mäanderförmig verlaufende Leiterbahn 21 aus elektrischem Widerstandsmaterial mit einem stark positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des elektrischen Widerstandes (PTC-Widerstand) gebildet und kann beispielsweise im wesentlichen aus Platin hergestellt sein. Der eng mäandrierende Verlauf der Sensormaterial-Leiterbahn ermöglicht es, daß auf der relativ kleinen, im wesentlichen rechtwinklig begrenzten Fläche des Temperatursensors auf engem Raum eine sehr lange Leiterbahn des Widerstandsmaterials untergebracht ist, so daß sich der Widerstand des Temperatursensors insgesamt bei Temperaturveränderungen deutlich meßbar ändert. Die beiden Enden der Leiterbahn 21 sind über in Dickschichttechnik auf die Isolierschicht 6 aufgebrachte Verbindungsbahnen 22, 23 mit in Dickschichttechnik auf dem Träger aufgebrachten Sensorkontaktflächen verbunden, von denen nur die Sensorkontaktfläche 24 in
Zur elektrischen Isolation nach außen sowie zum Schutz gegen mechanische Beschädigung und andere Beschädigungen, beispielsweise durch Korrosion, ist eine weitere, in Dickschichttechnik aufgetragene Isolationsschicht 25 vorgesehen, die mit Ausnahme der Heizleiterkontaktflächen 19 alle stromführenden Elemente der Widerstandsheizung und, mit Ausnahme der Sensorkontaktflächen 24, alle stromdurchflossenen Elemente des Temperatursensors und seiner Zuleitungen nach außen abdeckt. Die äußere Schutzschicht 25 wird so aufgebracht, daß neben den Kontaktflächen 19, 25 auch die Bereiche der Aussparungen 7, 8 unbedeckt bleiben, so daß im Bereich der Aussparung 7, 8 ein elektrisch leitender Zugang zum metallischen Trägerkern 4 verbleibt.For electrical insulation to the outside and to protect against mechanical damage and other damage, for example by corrosion, another, applied in thick-
Eine Besonderheit liegt nun darin, daß die Heizleiterkontaktflächen 19 zum elektrischen Anschluß der Heizwiderstände an eine Steuereinheit der die Heizeinheit 1 aufweisenden Vorrichtung sowie die Sensorkontaktflächen 24 zum Anschluß des Temperatursensors 20 an die Steuereinheit in einen flächenmäßig recht kleinen Anschlußbereich 26 mit geringem lateralen Abstand zueinander liegen. Der Anschlußbereich liegt innerhalb der heizleiterfreien Zone 16 zwischen den einander zugewandten Umfangsenden der Heizwiderstandsbahnen und umfaßt auch die beiden Ausnehmungen 7, 8, in deren Bereich der Edelstahlkern 4 des Trägers kontaktiert werden kann, um den Edelstahlträgerkern zu erden. Im Beispiel hat der Anschlußbereich eine radiale Länge von etwa 4 cm und eine Umfangsbreite von maximal ca. 3 cm. Da in diesem Bereich alle für den elektrischen Anschluß der Heizeinheit erforderlichen Kontakte räumlich konzentriert sind, kann der elektrische Gesamtanschluß der Heizeinheit bequem unter Herstellung aller erforderlichen elektrischen Verbindungen im Anschlußbereich 26 erfolgen.A special feature lies in the fact that the
Bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die Heizeinheit 1 über eine einzige Steckverbindung vollständig elektrisch kontaktierbar, wobei die einfach z.B. bei der Montage herstellbare und jederzeit, beispielsweise für Reparaturzwecke lösbare Steckverbindung alle Anschlüsse für den elektrischen Heizwiderstand, alle Anschlüsse für den Temperatursensor 20 und auch Anschlüsse zur Erdung der Heizeinheit umfaßt. Der trägerfeste Teil der Steckverbindung wird durch eine Steckkontakteinrichtung 30 gebildet, die ein Kunststoffgehäuse 31 in Form eines zur Anschlußseite hin offenen und zum Träger hin mittels eines Bodens 32 weitgehend geschlossenen Kastens hat. Die senkrecht zur Trägerfläche stehenden Wände des Gehäuses sowie der Boden schließen eine Steckerkammer ein, in der Steckkontakte in Form von Flachsteckzungen 34 bis 38 angeordnet sind, die parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind, senkrecht vom Boden 32 nach außen abstehen und in einer Reihe mit einem gleichmäßigen Rasterabstand von im Beispiel 5 mm angeordnet sind. Ein weiterer Flachsteckkontakt 39 ist außerhalb der eigentlichen Steckerkammer innerhalb einer Ausnehmung einer am Gehäuse angebrachten Stimabdeckung 40 untergebracht. Die Flachsteckzungen 34 bis 39 werden jeweils durch gleich dimensionierte Kopfabschnitte von metallischen Kontaktelementen gebildet, die den Boden 32 durchgreifen, im Boden fest verankert sind und jeweils Fußabschnitte 41 bis 44 aufweisen, die derart angeordnet und dimensioniert sind, daß die Fußabschnitte bei lagerichtigem Aufsetzen der Steckkontakteinrichtung auf den Träger im Bereich der Kontaktflächen 19 bzw. 24 bzw. im Bereich der Ausnehmungen 7, 8 liegen.In the embodiment shown, the
Die elektrische Kontaktierung zwischen den Dickschichtkontakten 19, 24 für den Anschluß der Heizwiderstände bzw. des Temperatursensors und der auch als Messerleiste bezeichenbaren Steckkontakteinrichtung kann mit einem Schweißverfahren, einem Lötverfahren und/oder in einem Anpreßverfahren erfolgen. Durch diese Kontaktierung ist gleichzeitig auch eine mechanische Befestigung der Steckkontakteinrichtung am Träger geschaffen.The electrical contact between the thick-
Besonders vorteilhaft bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist es, daß die Fußabschnitte 43, 44 des ersten bzw. letzten Steckkontaktes der Messerleiste direkt durch Anschweißen an dem Edelstahlkern 4 des Trägers 2 befestigt sind. Dadurch ist einerseits eine Erdung des Edelstahlträgers durch Kontaktierung der zugeordneten Flachsteckzungen 34 und/oder 39 möglich. Durch die Fixierung an gegenüberliegenden Seiten ist außerdem eine zuverlässige Zugentlastung für die Messerleiste 30 gewährleistet, so daß sichergestellt ist, daß auch bei mehrmaligem Herstellen und Lösen der Steckverbindung oder bei ungünstiger Kabelführung des anzuschließenden Kabelbaumes eine Beschädigung im Bereich der Steckkontakteinrichtung 30 weitgehend ausgeschlossen ist. Insbesondere sind die zu den Dickschichtkontakten 19, 24 führenden Verbindungen von äußeren mechanischen Kräften entlastet.Particularly advantageous in the embodiment shown is that the
Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Gruppenstecktechnik besteht darin, daß bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform durch spezielle Formgebung des Steckergehäuses 31 ein unverwechselbarer Steckanschluß geschaffen ist, durch den Fehlverdrahtungen vermieden werden. Hierzu ist an der Steckkontakteinrichtung 30 eine mechanische Codierung vorgesehen, die sicherstellt, daß nur ein Kabelbaum oder Leitungsstrang mit der richtigen, zugehörigen Steckerbuchse anschließbar ist. Die mechanische Codierung umfaßt in den senkrecht zum Boden 32 bzw. zur Trägerfläche ausgerichteten Seitenwänden des Gehäuses 31 ausgebildete Ausnehmungen 46 bzw. Vorsprünge 47, die bei unterschiedlichen Steckeinrichtungen bzgl. Anzahl, Dimension und/oder Position relativ zur Steckkammer so unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein können, daß nur jeweils die richtige Steckbuchse einführbar ist. Dadurch wird ein wesentliches Fehlerpotential bei der Montage und auch bei einer eventuellen Reparatur des die Heizeinheit aufweisenden Elektrogerätes ausgeschaltet.Another advantage of this group plug-in technology is that in the embodiment shown by special shaping of the
Anhand von
Auf der Isolierschicht 54 sind außerdem drei Temperatursensoren 59, 60, 61 in Dickschichttechnik aufgetragen, die in Durchflußrichtung 53 voneinander beabstandet sind. Dabei liegen die beiden auf axialer Höhe des Anschlußbereiches angeordneten Temperatursensoren 59, 60 in Durchflußrichtung vor der durch die Heizleiterwindungen 58 bestimmten Heizzone, während der dritte Temperatursensor 61 hinter der Heizzone liegt. Diese Leiteranordnung kann außen durch eine weitere Isolierschicht schützend abgedeckt sein.On the insulating
Eine am Träger fest angebrachte Steckkontakteinrichtung 65 dient analog der im Zusammenhang mit
Eine Besonderheit dieses in Rohrform ausgebildeten Heizelementes besteht darin, daß dank der mehreren Temperaturfühler, von denen mindestens einer (Fühler 59, 60) in Längsrichtung 53 vor der Heizzone und mindestens einer hinter der Heizzone liegt, die Temperatur des zu beheizenden Mediums am Einlaß und am Auslaß der Heizstrecke bestimmbar ist. Aus diesen beiden Temperaturwerten kann die Durchflußmenge abgeleitet werden. Entsprechend enthält die Heizeinheit 50 z.B. mit den Temperaturfühlern 59 und 61 auch einen integrierten Sensor zur Durchflußmessung bzw. zur Bestimmung der Durchflußmenge. Zweckmäßig ist es dabei, wenn die wärmeempfindlichen Leitermaterialien der Temperatursensoren einen Abstand zum Heizleiter haben, der mindestens der einfachen Dicke des Trägermaterials entspricht. Vorzugsweise beträgt ein Abstand eines für die Bestimmung der Medientemperatur vorgesehenen Temperatursensors mindestens das Doppelte der Trägermaterialdicke. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die Temperatur am Ort des Sensors im wesentlichen durch die Temperatur des zumessenden Mediums bestimmt ist, während die am Heizleiter erzeugte Wärme vorwiegend zum Medium abgezogen wird und praktisch nicht direkt zum Temperatursensor gelangen kann.A special feature of this formed in tubular heating element is that thanks to the plurality of temperature sensors, of which at least one (
Es ist auch möglich, mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer wärmeempfindlicher Leiter das Entstehen einer Übertemperatur zu detektieren, um zur Sicherung des Heizelementes gegen Beschädigung dieses über den elektronischen Regler abzuschalten. Hierfür ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der wärmeempfindliche Leiter eines hierfür vorgesehenen Temperaturfühlers, z.B. der Sensor 60, einen kleineren Abstand zum Heizleiter hat als die zweifache Dicke des Trägermaterials. Dadurch können schnelle Reaktionszeiten sichergestellt werden. Der wärmeempfindliche Leiter kann dabei z.B. auch unter oder über dem Heizleiter angeordnet und durch eine Isolatorschicht von diesem elektrisch isoliert sein.It is also possible, with the help of one or more heat-sensitive conductor to detect the emergence of an overtemperature to turn off to secure the heating element against damage to this via the electronic controller. For this purpose, it is expedient if the heat-sensitive conductor of a temperature sensor provided for this purpose, e.g. the
Eine weitere Besonderheit der Heizeinheit 50 liegt darin, daß sie eine von der Regelung der Heizeinrichtung unabhängige Überlastsicherung bzw. Übertemperatursicherung hat. Hierzu ist ein gedruckter Sicherungswiderstand 69 vorgesehen, der in Serie in die Zuleitung der Versorgungsspannung für den Heizleiter 58 geschaltet ist und damit vom Versorgungsstrom durchströmt wird. Das Material des Sicherungswiderstandes 69 hat einen höheren positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten als das Material des Heizleiters, so daß sein Widerstand bei steigender Temperatur stärker steigt als derjenige des Heizleiters. Die Flächenleistung des Vorwiderstandes 69 ist vorzugsweise im kalten Zustand höher gewählt als die Flächenleistung des Heizleiters. Im Falle eines unsachgemäßen Gebrauchs der Heizeinheit, beispielsweise beim Trockengehen, also beim Betrieb ohne Wärmeabnahme, wird dieser Widerstand zerstört und die Zuleitung zwischen Anschlußeinrichtung 65 und Heizwiderstand 58 unterbrochen. Eine derartige nach Art einer Schmelzsicherung arbeitende Schwachstelle kann selbstverständlich auch bei Ausführungsformen der in
Claims (10)
- Electric heating unit, particularly for liquid media, having a support (2; 51) to which is firmly applied, for the formation of at least one heating zone, at least one electric heating resistor (10; 58) applied using flat conductor technology, in particular thick film technology, as well as at least one temperature sensor (20; 59; 60; 61) associated with the heating zone and constructed for the delivery of electric temperature signals, heating conductor contacts (19) being associated with the support for the electrical connection of the heating resistor and sensor contacts (24) for the electrical connection of the temperature sensor and the heating conductor contacts and sensor contacts are so spatially closely combined in a connection area (26; 55) that they are contactable by a common connecting device (30; 65), the support (2; 51) having a metallic support core (4; 49) to which is applied at least one electrically insulating insulator film (6; 54) for supporting the heating resistor (10; 58) and optionally the temperature sensor (20; 59, 60, 61),
characterized in that
a plug contact device (30; 65) firmly fitted to the support (2; 51) is provided and has plug contacts (34 to 39; 66 to 68), which are in each case electrically conductively connected to associated heating conductor contacts (19), sensor contacts (24) and optionally the earth contacts (7, 8; 56), wherein for forming mechanically strong, electrically conductive connections, the plug contact device (30; 65) is welded, soldered or fixed by a press connection to support-fixed contacts (19, 24, 7, 8), wherein the plug contact device (30; 65) at at least one point is welded to the metallic support core (4; 49) of the support. - Heating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor (20; 59, 60, 61) is applied to the support (2; 51) using flat conductor technology, in particular thick film technology, the temperature sensor preferably being a measuring resistor.
- Heating unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metallic support core (4; 49) is plate-shaped.
- Heating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection area (26; 55) in spatial proximity to the heating conductor contacts (19) and sensor contacts (24) is provided at least one earth contact (7, 8; 56) for earthing the heating device.
- Heating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the formation of an excess temperature protection at least one temperature sensor (60) is positioned close to a heating resistor (58) in such a way that in the absence of a medium to be heated there is a rapid heat conduction between the heating resistor and the temperature sensor and preferably a spacing between the heating resistor (58) and the temperature sensor (60) is smaller than twice the spacing between the heating conductor and the heatable medium and is in particular smaller than twice the thickness of the support material.
- Heating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for forming a heating device through which can flow the medium to be heated, the support (51) is constructed as a support tube and preferably the heating resistor (58) and/or the temperature sensor (59, 60, 61) is fitted to the outside of the support tube.
- Heating unit according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor (59, 61) is positioned in front of a heating zone occupied by the heating resistor (58) and at least one temperature sensor (61) is positioned behind the heating zone in the longitudinal direction (53) of the support tube.
- Heating unit according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it has an integrated sensor for determining the flow quantity of the medium through the support tube, the sensor comprising at least one temperature sensor (59) fitted in front of a heating zone in the through-flow direction (53) and at least one temperature sensor (61) fitted in the through-flow direction behind a heating zone and in particular the temperature sensors (59, 61) of the flow sensor have a spacing with respect to the heating conductor (58) corresponding to at least once the support material thickness.
- Heating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor is provided for determining the temperature of the medium to be heated and its spacing from the heating conductor is more than twice the support material thickness.
- Heating unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for providing a good thermal coupling between the heating resistor and the temperature sensor at least one temperature sensor preferably produced by flat conductor technology is positioned above or below a heating conductor produced by flat conductor technology and is electrically insulated therefrom by an insulating film.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10021512A DE10021512A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2000-05-03 | Electric heating unit, especially for liquid media |
DE10021512 | 2000-05-03 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1152639A2 EP1152639A2 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
EP1152639A3 EP1152639A3 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
EP1152639B1 EP1152639B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 |
EP1152639B2 true EP1152639B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
Family
ID=7640629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01110424.7A Expired - Lifetime EP1152639B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2001-04-27 | Electrical heating unit, particularly for liquid supports |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1152639B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE311734T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10021512A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2254283T5 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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DE10239494A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Device for heating fluids in a water conducting household apparatus especially a dishwasher has electrical current flow in a surface adjacent to the fluid |
DE10356790A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-07-07 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heating device for fluids, water heaters and process for their preparation |
DE10356788A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-07-07 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Safety device for a heater, heater and water heater |
DE102004013535A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-10-13 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heating element for container, especially hot water device, containing medium to be heated comprises support in the form of hollow body having support wall facing away from the medium that is coated with strip heat conductors |
DE102009013269A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Flow heater and method of making a flow heater |
WO2012012519A2 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Combination fluid sensor system |
DE102012213385A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-05-22 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating and electrical appliance with heating device |
DE102012215746A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2014-01-16 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Lance for high pressure cleaner used in car wash installation, has electric heater which is provided in circumferential direction of lance tube |
DE102012222364A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-05 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Connector and device with such a connector |
DE102013202346B3 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-05-28 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Impeller pump for conveying medium, has cutout provided in lateral wall of pump chamber, and heating element located along entire edge of cut sealing, where heating element is arranged in path of conveyed medium from impeller to outlet |
CN103808000B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-05-18 | 常州瑞择微电子科技有限公司 | Thick film heater |
ES2564760B1 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2017-01-04 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Home appliance device and procedure for manufacturing a home appliance device |
DE102015207253A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | A heating device for heating liquids, an evaporator for an electric cooking appliance and a method for operating a heating device |
DE102015218121A1 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-23 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating device for heating water and method for operating such a heater |
PL3145273T3 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2020-03-31 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating device for heating water and a method for operating such a heating device |
DE102015223493A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | heater |
EP3540329B1 (en) | 2016-06-20 | 2021-04-28 | Bleckmann GmbH & Co. KG | Heating system component providing a compact temperature sensor design |
DE102018100635A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Webasto SE | Heat exchanger and method for producing such a heat exchanger |
DE102018213869B4 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2020-03-05 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating device and method for operating a heating device |
US11044789B2 (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2021-06-22 | Goodrich Corporation | Three dimensionally printed heated positive temperature coefficient tubes |
DE102020206113A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-18 | G. Maier Elektrotechnik GmbH | Seating or lounging furniture for outdoors and arrangement |
EP4009741A1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-08 | Bleckmann GmbH & Co. KG | Heating system component for sensing a first and second temperature |
CN113198558A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 深圳市锦瑞生物科技有限公司 | Preheating device |
EP4116120A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-11 | MAHLE International GmbH | Electric heating device, in particular for an electric vehicle |
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DE2331228B2 (en) * | 1973-06-19 | 1976-08-26 | Internationale Laboratoriums-Apparate Gmbh, 7801 Ballrechten-Dottingen | MAGNETIC STIRRER |
DE3545454A1 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-07-02 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Heating element for thermal domestic appliances, especially for hotplates |
NL8801182A (en) * | 1987-10-01 | 1989-05-01 | Interconnection B V | HEATING ELEMENT. |
DE3810736A1 (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-19 | Bentz & Sohn Melitta | CONTINUOUS HEATER, ESPECIALLY FOR A COFFEE OR TEA MACHINE |
DE8914611U1 (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1990-02-01 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 8000 München | Connection block (protector) for a heating plate of a household electric stove |
DE4341035A1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-08 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Safe-condition monitoring unit for electrical load device |
GB9423900D0 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1995-01-11 | Pifco Ltd | Improvements to thick film elements |
DE19523301A1 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-09 | Siemens Ag | Heater for high temp. metal oxide sensor - has current flowing through platinum heating wires at 600-1000 deg. C, and measures voltage drop across platinum measurement wires |
DE19611405A1 (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-09-25 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Radiation heating device for ceramic-glass cooking hob |
DE19643698C2 (en) * | 1996-05-11 | 2000-04-13 | Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh | Device for shielding conductor tracks of a hob used for capacitive measurements |
DE19738020A1 (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 1999-03-04 | Ceramtec Ag | Heating body for iron sole |
DE19741093B4 (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 2006-05-04 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heating flange for a wall-mounted water heater, in particular boiling water device |
DE19823941A1 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-12-23 | Siemens Ag | RF connector device |
DE69830984T2 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2006-07-13 | Electrolux Home Care Products Ltd. (N.D.Ges.D.Staates Texas), Cleveland | thin film heating |
-
2000
- 2000-05-03 DE DE10021512A patent/DE10021512A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-04-27 AT AT01110424T patent/ATE311734T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-27 DE DE50108215T patent/DE50108215D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 ES ES01110424.7T patent/ES2254283T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-27 EP EP01110424.7A patent/EP1152639B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1152639B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 |
EP1152639A3 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
DE10021512A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
ATE311734T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
ES2254283T3 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
ES2254283T5 (en) | 2016-02-05 |
DE50108215D1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
EP1152639A2 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
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