EP1151196B1 - Reciprocating differential hydraulic machine, especially a differential hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Reciprocating differential hydraulic machine, especially a differential hydraulic machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1151196B1
EP1151196B1 EP00900619A EP00900619A EP1151196B1 EP 1151196 B1 EP1151196 B1 EP 1151196B1 EP 00900619 A EP00900619 A EP 00900619A EP 00900619 A EP00900619 A EP 00900619A EP 1151196 B1 EP1151196 B1 EP 1151196B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
lantern ring
machine according
push
rod
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EP00900619A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1151196A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane URRUTIA
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Dosatron International SAS
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Dosatron International SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B13/00—Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities
    • F04B13/02—Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities of two or more fluids at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/103—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber
    • F04B9/107—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber rectilinear movement of the pumping member in the working direction being obtained by a single-acting liquid motor, e.g. actuated in the other direction by gravity or a spring

Definitions

  • a differential hydraulic motor of this type is known, for example from EP-B-0255791, or from US-A-5505224, and can be used for an injection device an additive in a main fluid.
  • Ways elastic consist of springs of small size relative to the pieces making up the entire mechanism. These springs act transversely to the direction of piston displacement and require rod type return means, rotatably mounted around axes of rotation which are generally orthogonal, or at least intersecting, to the lines of action of efforts developed by the springs.
  • EP-A-0 161 614 shows a hydraulic motor differential in which the trigger means include connecting rods subjected to the action of means elastic arranged transversely. The change of position of the valves, and the inversion of the movement, impact with one pin against another room. These shocks are a source of noise and detrimental to engine longevity.
  • US-A-5,513,963 shows a hydraulic motor differential in which the locking system is passive, i.e. not ordered. The switching is caused only by the direct action of the springs on the sealing elements which eventually balance the holding forces from locking and effects Hydraulic. Such a design does not allow to accumulate an energy greater than that capable of upset the balance.
  • the object of the invention is, above all, to provide a hydraulic machine, in particular a hydraulic motor differential, which is of simple construction, while having elastic means exerting a following force the geometric axis of displacement of the piston, and which reduce friction caused by spring load and guide surfaces.
  • the invention also aims to increase the lifespan of devices by reducing wear on parts. Yield and speed of the machine are also to be improved.
  • the design of the machine must allow sequential switching, guaranteeing repeatability and reliability, and allow to accumulate energy greater than that capable of breaking the balance, so to have a high operating margin.
  • the elastic means include a coaxial lantern spring and surrounding it.
  • the spring is a spring of helical compression.
  • This spring can thus have a large diameter and a large section of wire, which makes it possible to obtain great operating flexibility.
  • the strong section spring wire gives it good resistance to corrosion wear.
  • the lantern is guided in its lower part by a cylindrical zone of the piston differential.
  • At least one pusher is provided at each end axial of the lantern, the push button (s) of a end being independent of the push button (s) the other end of the lantern, these pushers being in support against the elastic means and being retained axially by stops provided on the lantern, which guides the pushers in translation.
  • the lower pusher may have a crosspiece diametral fitted with a rod coaxial with the piston, in projection on the side opposite to the elastic means.
  • the rod tightly crosses a transverse wall of the piston and comes into abutment, at the low end of travel, against a transverse bar which bears against a part of the envelope.
  • the bar can be mounted sliding in a support linked to the piston.
  • the diametrical cross member can be secured to a ring resting against the lower edge of the lantern, this ring surrounding the side wall of the lantern which has two longitudinal openings of guide through which the crosspiece passes.
  • Two diametrically opposite upper lifters are provided and are guided by the lantern, in particularly by said longitudinal openings.
  • the lantern may have an upper tray inwardly provided with two diametrically notches opposite in which are engaged and slide the upper lifters.
  • the upper tray can be snapped together.
  • the switching means include advantageously valves.
  • the whole lantern, elastic means and pushers has an axial symmetry of achievement guaranteeing the balance of different efforts involved, and making it possible to reduce the risks of jamming.
  • a device of the type three-axis knee brace including a link and a trigger.
  • the link is hinged at one end to the top shelf of the lantern and its other end on the trigger; the trigger is itself articulated on a part linked to the piston.
  • the trigger has two extensions diametrically opposed proper to come into abutment against a stop linked to the piston, respectively above and below this stop following a rotation of approximately 180 °, each extension of the trigger being specific to cooperate with a projection provided respectively on a upper pusher and a lower pusher for trigger the trigger when the elastic means are under sufficient load.
  • the invention consists, apart from the provisions outlined above, in a number other provisions which will be more explicitly question below in a detailed description examples of construction, with reference to the drawings attached, but which are in no way limiting.
  • Figure 1 of these drawings is an axial section vertical of a differential hydraulic motor according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view from the left with respect to Figure 1, of engine components located inside the casing, the differential piston not being represented.
  • Figure 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2.
  • Figure 4 is a partial axial section, similar to Figure 1, showing the hydraulic motor in another configuration.
  • Figure 5 is a section through the lantern, pushers and elastic means according to line V-V of Figure 6.
  • FIG 6 is a top view with respect to Figure 2, the valves being removed.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of engine components, the differential piston not being represented.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the lantern alone.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of all the elements arranged inside the engine casing, the differential piston being shown outside.
  • Figure 10 illustrates in perspective a particular realization of rod for the device knee pad.
  • Figure 11 is a partial section, similar to Fig. 4, illustrating a toggle device equipped with the link of Fig. 10.
  • a hydraulic machine M consisting of a differential hydraulic motor 1.
  • This motor has a casing 2, or machine body, consisting of upper part 2a and lower part 2b tightly assembled.
  • the general form of the envelope 2 is cylindrical of revolution around a vertical axis A-A.
  • the upper part 2a is closed, at its upper end, by a dome having an opening control unit 3 which, when the engine is running, is closed by a shutter 3a.
  • the lower part 2b has a wall inner cylinder 4 of smaller diameter determining an annular chamber 5 around it, at inside 2b.
  • This wall 4 further defines a cylindrical inner chamber 6 of smaller diameter that the chamber 7 determined in the upper part by 2a.
  • Part 2b has at its lower end a rim 10 surrounding an opening 11.
  • the rim 10 serves as a support for a sleeve 12 axially traversed by a rod 13, partially shown, for driving a mechanism, for example a pump.
  • Wall cylindrical of the sleeve 12 has openings 14 for the passage of the liquid.
  • a differential piston 15 is able to slide in reciprocating vertical motion in body 2 of engine.
  • the piston 15 has a large section at level of chamber 7 and a smaller section at bedroom level 6.
  • the differential piston 15 comprises a part upper 15a and lower part 15b assembled to each other in a sealed manner.
  • the upper portion 15a has an upper flange provided with a lip sealing 16 forming a skirt whose concavity is turned towards the side of chamber 5.
  • the lip 16 slides from tight against the inner cylindrical surface from part 2a.
  • the flange carrying the lip 16 is connected by a frustoconical part 17, of section decreasing downwards, to a cylindrical part 18 of diameter smaller than that of chamber 6.
  • Part 18 ends with a transverse bottom 19 perpendicular to axis A-A.
  • the lower part 15b of the piston 15 is essentially cylindrical open downwards, and closed at the top by a transverse wall 20 coming to be applied tightly against the bottom 19 to which it is fixed by screws not shown.
  • the wall 20 is provided at its periphery with a flange 21 which comes to cap the lower end of the part 15a.
  • the lower end of the part 15b is provided, externally, of a lip 22, facing the chamber 7, sliding tightly against the surface inside the wall 4.
  • Hydraulic switching means C (see in Fig.2 and Fig.9) for the supply of liquid and the evacuation of chambers 5, 6 and 7 are provided. These switching means C can take two stable states.
  • the switching means C include advantageously two valves 23 diametrically opposed (Fig. 2) suitable for cooperating with a seat 24 (Fig. 9) provided on the large section of the piston 15.
  • Two other valves 25 diametrically opposed, but angularly offset by compared to the valves 23, are provided to cooperate with seats provided in the small walls 19 and 20 piston section 15.
  • valves 23 and 25 close in reverse.
  • the valves 23 close in being lifted against their seat, while the flaps 25 close by being lowered against their seat.
  • of the compression springs R1, R2 are provided to ensure the application of the respective valves 23.25 against their seat and to compensate for manufacturing tolerances.
  • valves 23, 25 are the solution preferred ensuring very good watertightness, the means switching C could be made up of one or drawers.
  • valves 23, 25 are located in front and in back of the plan of Figure 1.
  • the switching means C are carried by a lantern 26, or open cylindrical housing, clearly visible on Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
  • the lantern 26 comprises a body with side wall 27 cylindrical, coaxial with the piston, provided at its lower part of a projecting flange 28 radial.
  • Two diametrically opposed notches 29 are provided in the lower part, to which correspond, towards inside, two substantially semi-cylindrical projections 30 (FIG. 8), diametrically opposite.
  • Openings rectangular 31 are provided in the projections 30 for allow a snap-fitting of the valves 25 provided, at their upper end, elastic hooks 32.
  • the attachment of the valves 25 to the lantern 26 is provided for so as to leave a certain freedom of sliding vertical valve to allow R2 valve spring previously mentioned to properly apply the valve against his seat.
  • the cylindrical wall 27 of the body has two longitudinal openings 33, diametrically opposite, at vertical parallel edges.
  • the openings 33 are offset by a right angle relative to the notches 29, open upwards but are closed at the bottom above the flange 28.
  • the wall or body 27 further includes notches 34 open towards the high, diametrically opposite, in the same position angular as the notches 29 but separated from them by a sector 35 of matter.
  • the body 27 has hooks at the top 36, for example four in number, regularly distributed, with a certain flexibility.
  • a tray 37 open in its central part and having two diametrically opposed notches 38 clean to come in line with the openings 33, is planned.
  • This tray 37 has a number of openings rectangular 37a equal to the number of hooks 36 for snap hooks into these openings.
  • the front end edge of wall 27 forms a surface abutment 39 against which the face comes to bear bottom of the tray 37 while the hooks 36 are snapped in, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the upper valves 23 are provided with hooks elastic bands 40 (Fig. 7) suitable for snapping into rectangular openings 41, diametrically opposite, provided on a crosspiece 42 comprising, in its part central, crown 43.
  • the tray 37 has two columns 44 perpendicular to the plate, diametrically opposite and provided with an axial hole. On these columns 44 come slidingly engage two diametrically opposite housings 45 provided on the cross 42, in the vicinity of the crown 43.
  • a spring R1 is placed around each column 44 between the plate 37 and crosspiece 42. According to the representation of Fig. 2, the springs R1 tend to raise the cross 42 and with it the valves 23 for them apply against their seat.
  • a means of restraint (not shown) may be provided at the upper end of columns 44 to prevent the crosspiece 42 from escaping. It should be noted that before assembling the valves 23 to the cross 42 and lantern 26, the latter is first installed in the piston 15, being guided by the cylindrical part 18 of this piston. The valves 23 are placed on the side of the lip 16 of the piston opposite the cross 42 and their rods provided with the hook 40 are engaged through the seat provided on the piston, then are attached to the crosspiece 42.
  • valves 25 on the other hand are hooked to the lantern 26 before its installation in the piston 15, the valve seats 25 located on the wall 19, 20.
  • the lantern 26 is driven by the piston 15 and can take two stable positions relative to this piston.
  • a first high position (Fig. 1) relatively the piston corresponds to the support of the valves 23 against their seat, while the lower valves 25 are open.
  • the second position, or low position of the lantern (Fig. 4) relative to the piston corresponds to the closure of the valves 25 and at the opening of the valves 23.
  • Maintaining in either position lantern 26 stable relative to piston 15 can be insured by any appropriate means.
  • a support 47 is disposed inside the lantern 26 and is fixed, for example by screws, on the transverse walls 19, 20 of the differential piston 15.
  • the support 47 consists of two parallel plates vertical 47a, 47b (Fig. 7) spaced from each other having a substantially trapezoid-shaped outline rectangle; a large vertical side is adjacent to the inner surface of the lantern 26, the edge opposite to this large vertical side is tilted.
  • the two plates 47a, 47b are interconnected in their upper part by a horizontal transverse bar 48.
  • a trigger or rocker 49 is disposed between the plates 47a, 47b and is articulated on a shaft 50 with geometric axis X1.
  • This tree 50 is carried by two bearings provided in plates 47a, 47b.
  • the X1 axis is located in a vertical diametral plane of the lantern 26.
  • the shaft 50 is located substantially at the height of the bar 48.
  • the trigger 49 has two extensions radial 49a, 49b whose thickness is less than that of the trigger, and which are offset from each other the other in the direction of the tree 50.
  • a link 51 (Figs. 3, 5 and 7) made of a material with a certain elasticity, for example in plastic material, establishes an articulated connection between the trigger 49 and plate 37 of lantern 26.
  • the link 51 as clearly visible in Fig. 7, a substantially the shape of an inverted U, both of which branches 51a, 51b, in the form of a plate, surround the rocker 49. These two branches are connected to their upper end by a lower bar 52 width than the branches.
  • Each branch has in its upper part, in the vicinity of bar 52, a hole circular 53 suitable for receiving an anti-friction ring 54 itself crossed by a tree 55 engaged, of outside, in a bearing 56 provided on the plate 37.
  • Two diametrically opposed bearings 56 and two shafts 55 are provided to cooperate with the two holes diametrically opposed 53.
  • Each shaft 55 projects radially inward to engage the ring 54 and the corresponding hole 53.
  • the radial end outside of shaft 55 is provided with a head rectangular 57 coming to hang in a housing correspondent of the stage 37.
  • the stages 56 admit X2 as a geometric axis, parallel to the shaft 50.
  • the axis X2 is located in the same vertical diametral plane as the axis geometric X1.
  • the two branches of the link 51 comprise in addition, towards their lower end, a hole circular 58 to serve as a bearing for a shaft 58a which crosses freely in rotation a circular hole in the rocker 49.
  • a ring 58b is provided at each end from shaft 58a into the corresponding hole 58.
  • X3 is the geometric axis of the tree 58a.
  • Two stable positions of the trigger 49 are determined by the coming into abutment of a part of extension 49a with the upper face of the bar 48 (Fig. 3), and on the other hand of extension 49b with the face lower of the bar 48 (Fig. 5). We go from one position to the other by a rotation of the release 49 about 180 ° relative to support 47, around X1.
  • the rocker 49 To cross the angular position for which the three axes X1, X2, X3 are in the same plane, the rocker 49 must cause slight deformation elastic of the link 51.
  • X3 passed to the side of X1 opposite to X2.
  • the traces of the three axes X1, X2 and X3 still form a flattened triangle, the X3 axis being slightly on the left of the plane passing through X2-X1.
  • the valves upper 23 are open while the valves 25 are closed.
  • Control means are provided to ensure a sudden change from the position of Fig. 3 to that of Fig. 5 and vice versa.
  • These control means include elastic means E exerting a force along the axis geometric A-A of displacement of the piston.
  • the elastic means E are arranged at the exterior of the cylindrical wall of the lantern 26 and are internally guided by the wall of the body 27 of the lantern 26.
  • the elastic means E are constituted by a single coil spring 59 coaxial with the lantern 26, and suitable for working essentially in compression.
  • the large diameter spring 59 allows to obtain a great flexibility of operation and contributes to a simple construction achievement.
  • the section of the coils of the spring is relatively important, which improves its resistance to wear and corrosion.
  • Triggering means D are provided for release, at the end of stroke of the piston 15, the energy accumulated by the spring 59 and to cause the sudden change in position of lantern 26 and switching means C relative to the piston 15.
  • the triggering means D include, in upper part, two upper pushers 60a, 60b diametrically opposed connected to their base by a ring circular 61, and a lower pusher 62 in part low.
  • the upper pushers 60a, 60b are constituted by vertical branches engaged and guided in the indentations 38 of the tray 37 of the lantern 26.
  • the ring 61 passes around the cylindrical wall of the body 27 of the lantern which also serves to guide the whole.
  • the pushers 60a, 60b have projections 63a, 63b radially inward which engage in the longitudinal openings 33 of the lantern, contributing also for guidance.
  • the projection 63a provided in the lower part of the pusher 60a extends radially inward from a distance sufficient to cooperate, at the top end of the piston 15, with extension 49b of trigger 49 (Fig. 3) and bring the trigger 49 to the position of Fig.5.
  • the thicknesses are offset so that 63a cannot cooperate with 49a.
  • the spring 59 bears against the ring 61 itself pressing against the underside of the plate 37.
  • the lower pusher 62 has a crosspiece diametral 64 passing through the openings 33 which provide the sliding guide of the pusher 62.
  • the crosspiece 64 is integral with a ring 65 surrounding the part lower of the body 27 of the lantern 26, and taking axial support against the flange 28. Openings substantially semicircular (Fig. 7) exist between the diametrical walls of the cross member 64 and the contour inside of ring 65, allowing passage of plates 47a, 47b of the support 47.
  • the crosspiece 64 is provided with a rod 66, coaxial to the piston 15, projecting from the side opposite the spring 59.
  • the rod 66 crosses tightly, thanks to a seal toric, a central opening of the walls 19, 20.
  • the bar 67 is slidably mounted in a retaining piece 69 fixed to the piston 15 under the wall 20.
  • the bar 67 has, on each of its long sides, a rib 70 parallel to the axis A-A, capable of sliding in a groove (not shown) provided in the part 69.
  • Maintaining and guiding the cross member 42 relative to the differential piston 15 is advantageously provided by two cylindrical columns 15d (Fig. 9) diametrically opposed, forming part integral with piston 15, projecting vertically above of the large piston section.
  • the crosspiece 42 comprises, towards each of its ends, a cylindrical ring 42d suitable for engaging with reduced play around the corresponding column 15d.
  • the two 42d rings like visible in Fig. 9, are located on either side of the cross 42.
  • Elastic means J (Fig. 5) are provided for recall the link 51 of the toggle mechanism in a locking position for which the axes X1, X2, X3 are not coplanar. According to the representation of Fig. 5 the link 51 is submitted, by the means return elastics J schematically shown, at a couple tending to rotate it clockwise clock around the tree 55.
  • the elastic means J may consist of a means of traction or compression arranged between a point of attachment on the link 51 and a hooking point fixed to the plate 37 lantern, or by a bending spring such as a substantially straight pin extending diametrically and leaning on one side against two pawns diametrically opposite, integral with the plate 37 and, the other side, in its middle part against a pawn in protruding upwards on the link 51.
  • the crosspiece 64 of the lower pusher comprises on one side a projection 64a upwards suitable for cooperating with the extension 49a of the rocker 49 during the descent of the piston 15.
  • the thicknesses are offset so that 64a cannot cooperate with 49b. Thickness offsets as well as the offsets of the cutting planes explain why 64a appears in Fig. 5 but not in Fig. 3.
  • the pressurized liquid arriving through the chamber 5 pushes the piston 15 upwards according to its large annular section, while the liquid from chamber 7 is discharged to the chamber 6 and the exhaust 9.
  • the pushers 60a, 60b are retained by the plate 37 against the action of the spring 59, while the lower pusher 62 is retained by the flange 28 of the lantern 26.
  • the upper end of the pushers 60a, 60b Towards the end of the upward stroke of the piston 15, the upper end of the pushers 60a, 60b abuts against the internal surface 3b of the dome of the envelope. The pushers 60a, 60b are stopped in their course ascending but the piston 15 continues to rise. The spring 59 is then compressed by the pushers 60a, 60b, against the lower pusher 62. The upper plate 37 lantern continues to rise and moves away from the base upper lifters.
  • Extension 49b is stopped, but piston 15 continues a little further upward driving the articulation shaft 50 of the rocker 49.
  • the latter goes so turn clockwise, depending on the representation of Fig. 1, around the tree 50 in causing a slight deformation of the link 51 for cross the position where the three axes X1, X2, X3 are in the same plane (their traces on the drawings are then aligned).
  • spring 59 can relax by causing rotation about 180 ° in the clockwise direction of rocker 49 which is supported by its extension 49b under the bar 48 in the position of Fig. 5.
  • the lantern 26 and the switching means C have moved into the second stable position, namely the low position, relative to the differential piston 15.
  • the ring 61 is again pressed against the plate 37.
  • the valves 23 are open while the valves 25 are closed.
  • the piston 15 is inverted since the pressurized liquid is admitted into the chamber 7 which is isolated from chamber 6.
  • the piston 15 is moves down in the configuration of Fig. 4.
  • extension 49a of rocker abuts against the projection 64a (Fig. 5) ce which causes a rotation of about 180 ° in the direction counter clock of the rocker 49 around the shaft 50. This change of position takes place suddenly under the action of the spring 59 which relaxes.
  • the piston 15 starts again for an upward stroke.
  • the invention allows the use of a spring compression 59 of large diameter which provides a large flexibility of operation and simple implementation of construction. Engine performance is improved and shocks during switching are reduced resulting in a quieter operation.
  • Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a variant of realization of a link 151 for the system with knee switch with three axes X1, X2, X3.
  • the link 151 is made in one piece made of an elastic material specified later.
  • This connecting rod 151 has a central portion substantially U-shaped with the lower transverse branch horizontal 151a is planned to constitute the tree of articulation of the rocker 49.
  • this horizontal branch 151a is connected to a kind of arch 151b, 151c substantially in an arc located in a plane orthogonal to branch 151a.
  • the hoops 151b, 151c are parallel. Their arched shape allows them to deform bending and these arches can then exert substantially tensile and compressive forces vertical, to allow passage from the position where the traces of the three axes X1, X2, X3 are aligned.
  • the hoops 151b, 151c extend at their upper end, by horizontal segments 151d, 151e bent outward and parallel to the branch 151a. These segments 151d, 151e have a certain elasticity in torsion around their axis geometric X2 so as to exercise a reminder on the branches 151b and 151e (and on branch 151a) in rotation around the X2 axis in a non-position coplanar with the axes X1, X2, X3 corresponding to a locking position.
  • the segments 151d, 151e are extend by other segments 151f, 151g curved to right angle on the side opposite to the poles, parallel between them, and orthogonal to branch 151a. The ends of these segments 151f, 151g can be embedded in a part K integral with the lantern 26, this part K possibly for example the plate 37.
  • an auxiliary opening 153 communicating with the previous one to pass the different rod elbows 151 through rocker 49 and to finally bring branch 151a into the opening 152.
  • the link 151 performs both the function of the link 51 and the function of the elastic means J of Figs. 1 to 9.
  • the link 151 is advantageously made with high strength longitudinal fibers mechanical, for example juxtaposed glass fibers, parallel to each other and embedded in a matrix made of plastic. Longitudinal fibers provide an elasticity in tension and compression in the direction vertical, at arches 151b, 151c. In the segments 151d, 151e, torsional elasticity is ensured by the plastic matrix.
  • the link 151 in Fig. 10 simplifies the toggle type locking system shown in Fig. 11.
  • the advantages of the realization of Figs. 1 to 9 are kept in the device of FIG. 11.

Abstract

A hydraulic machine comprising the following: an envelope (2); a differential piston (15) consisting of two parts (15a,15b) which have a different diameter and are able to move in two corresponding chambers (7,6); hydraulic switching means which are driven by the piston (15) and can take up two stable positions in relation to the piston; control means for a rapid change in the position of the switching means including elastic means (E); and releasing means that can release the energy accumulated by the elastic means at the end of the travel and result in an abrupt change in the position of the switching means. The switching means are supported by a side-walled (27) lantern ring (26) that is coaxial to the piston and is driven by the piston but which can take up two different stable positions in relation to the piston and elastic means (E) are disposed inside the lantern ring (26) and are internally guided by the side wall (27) of said lantern ring (26).

Description

L'invention est relative à une machine hydraulique différentielle, en particulier un moteur hydraulique différentiel, du genre comprenant :

  • une enveloppe ;
  • un piston différentiel propre à coulisser en mouvement alternatif dans l'enveloppe, le piston comportant deux parties de diamètre différent propres à se déplacer dans deux chambres correspondantes de l'enveloppe ;
  • des moyens de commutation hydraulique pour l'alimentation et l'évacuation des chambres respectives, ces moyens de commutation étant entraínés par le piston et pouvant prendre deux positions stables relativement au piston ;
  • des moyens de commande pour un changement brusque de la position des moyens de commutation relativement au piston , comprenant des moyens élastiques propres à accumuler de l'énergie;
  • et des moyens de déclenchement propres à libérer, en fin de course du piston, l'énergie accumulée par les moyens élastiques et à provoquer le changement brusque de position des moyens de commutation, ces moyens de déclenchement comprenant des moyens de poussée prenant appui en fin de course du piston contre des butées fixes relativement à l'enveloppe.
The invention relates to a differential hydraulic machine, in particular a differential hydraulic motor, of the type comprising:
  • an envelope ;
  • a differential piston suitable for sliding in reciprocating motion in the envelope, the piston comprising two parts of different diameter adapted to move in two corresponding chambers of the envelope;
  • hydraulic switching means for supplying and evacuating the respective chambers, these switching means being driven by the piston and being able to take two stable positions relative to the piston;
  • control means for a sudden change in the position of the switching means relative to the piston, comprising elastic means capable of accumulating energy;
  • and trigger means capable of releasing, at the end of the piston stroke, the energy accumulated by the elastic means and of causing the abrupt change of position of the switching means, these trigger means comprising thrust means bearing at the end stroke of the piston against fixed stops relative to the envelope.

Un moteur hydraulique différentiel de ce type est connu, par exemple d'après EP-B-0255791, ou d'après US-A-5505224, et peut servir à un dispositif d'injection d'un additif dans un fluide principal. Les moyens élastiques sont constitués par des ressorts de petit taille relativement aux pièces constituant l'ensemble du mécanisme. Ces ressorts agissent transversalement à la direction de déplacement du piston et nécessitent des moyens de renvoi de type biellette, montés rotatifs autour d'axes de rotation qui sont généralement orthogonaux, ou au moins sécants, aux lignes d'action des efforts développés par les ressorts.A differential hydraulic motor of this type is known, for example from EP-B-0255791, or from US-A-5505224, and can be used for an injection device an additive in a main fluid. Ways elastic consist of springs of small size relative to the pieces making up the entire mechanism. These springs act transversely to the direction of piston displacement and require rod type return means, rotatably mounted around axes of rotation which are generally orthogonal, or at least intersecting, to the lines of action of efforts developed by the springs.

On connaít d'après FR-A-2619165 un moteur hydraulique qui, selon la variante de Fig.2, comporte des moyens élastiques exerçant un effort suivant l'axe géométrique de déplacement du piston. Le ressort est disposé autour d'une tige à l'intérieur d'un cadre muni, sur ses côtés longitudinaux, de dentures coopérant avec des pignons commandant un excentrique et un système à biellette. La disposition du ressort suivant l'axe du piston permet une simplification en ce qui concerne la transmission des efforts exercés par ce piston, mais le ressort reste de dimension réduite et l'ensemble du système est relativement compliqué.We know from FR-A-2619165 an engine hydraulic which, according to the variant of Fig. 2, includes elastic means exerting a force along the axis geometric displacement of the piston. The spring is arranged around a rod inside a frame provided, on its longitudinal sides, of teeth cooperating with sprockets controlling an eccentric and a link. The arrangement of the spring along the axis of the piston allows a simplification with regard to the transmission of the forces exerted by this piston, but the spring remains small and the entire system is relatively complicated.

On connaít également d'après DE-A-197 28 179 un moteur hydraulique comprenant un piston différentiel à mouvement alternatif s'inversant automatiquement, en particulier pour dispositif de dosage volumétrique. Selon ce document, le moteur ne comporte pas de moyens de verrouillage commandés de sorte qu'il n'y a pas de commutation séquentielle, garante de répétitivité et de fiabilité. Le verrouillage est essentiellement hydraulique et la commutation n'est provoquée que par des équilibres de pression générés par une action directe sur des éléments d'étanchéité. Les ressorts prévus dans ce moteur ne provoquent pas directement la commutation.We also know from DE-A-197 28 179 a hydraulic motor comprising a differential piston with reciprocating movement reversing automatically, particular for volumetric dosing device. according to this document, the engine does not include means of interlock controlled so there is no sequential switching, guaranteeing repeatability and reliability. Locking is basically hydraulic and switching is only caused by pressure balances generated by direct action on sealing elements. The springs provided in this motor do not directly cause switching.

EP-A-0 161 614 montre un moteur hydraulique différentiel dans lequel les moyens de déclenchement comprennent des biellettes soumises à l'action de moyens élastiques disposés transversalement. Le changement de position des clapets, et l'inversion du mouvement, se produisent avec impact d'une broche contre une autre pièce. Ces chocs sont source de bruit et préjudiciables à la longévité du moteur. EP-A-0 161 614 shows a hydraulic motor differential in which the trigger means include connecting rods subjected to the action of means elastic arranged transversely. The change of position of the valves, and the inversion of the movement, impact with one pin against another room. These shocks are a source of noise and detrimental to engine longevity.

US-A-5 513 963 montre un moteur hydraulique différentiel dans lequel le système de verrouillage est passif, c'est-à-dire non commandé. La commutation n'est provoquée que par l'action directe des ressorts sur les éléments d'étanchéité qui finissent par équilibrer les efforts de maintien issus du verrouillage et des effets hydrauliques. Une telle conception ne permet pas d'accumuler une énergie supérieure à celle capable de rompre l'équilibre.US-A-5,513,963 shows a hydraulic motor differential in which the locking system is passive, i.e. not ordered. The switching is caused only by the direct action of the springs on the sealing elements which eventually balance the holding forces from locking and effects Hydraulic. Such a design does not allow to accumulate an energy greater than that capable of upset the balance.

L'invention a pour but, surtout, de fournir une machine hydraulique, en particulier un moteur hydraulique différentiel, qui soit d'une construction simple, tout en ayant des moyens élastiques exerçant un effort suivant l'axe géométrique de déplacement du piston, et qui permettent de réduire les frottements occasionnés par la charge du ressort et les surfaces de guidage. L'invention vise aussi à augmenter la durée de vie des dispositifs en réduisant l'usure des pièces. Le rendement et la vitesse de fonctionnement de la machine sont aussi à améliorer. La conception de la machine doit permettre une commutation séquentielle, garante de répétitivité et de fiabilité, et permettre d'accumuler une énergie supérieure à celle capable de rompre l'équilibre, afin d'avoir une marge de fonctionnement élevée.The object of the invention is, above all, to provide a hydraulic machine, in particular a hydraulic motor differential, which is of simple construction, while having elastic means exerting a following force the geometric axis of displacement of the piston, and which reduce friction caused by spring load and guide surfaces. The invention also aims to increase the lifespan of devices by reducing wear on parts. Yield and speed of the machine are also to be improved. The design of the machine must allow sequential switching, guaranteeing repeatability and reliability, and allow to accumulate energy greater than that capable of breaking the balance, so to have a high operating margin.

Selon l'invention, une machine hydraulique différentielle à mouvement alternatif, en particulier un moteur hydraulique différentiel, du genre défini précédemment comprend des moyens élastiques exerçant un effort suivant l'axe géométrique de déplacement du piston, et est caractérisée par le fait que :

  • les moyens de commutation sont portés par une lanterne à paroi latérale coaxiale au piston, entraínée par ce piston mais pouvant prendre deux positions différentes stables relativement au piston,
  • et les moyens élastiques sont disposés à l'extérieur de la lanterne et sont guidés intérieurement par la paroi latérale de cette lanterne.
According to the invention, a differential hydraulic machine with reciprocating movement, in particular a differential hydraulic motor, of the kind defined above comprises elastic means exerting a force along the geometric axis of displacement of the piston, and is characterized in that:
  • the switching means are carried by a lantern with a side wall coaxial with the piston, driven by this piston but which can take two different stable positions relative to the piston,
  • and the elastic means are arranged outside the lantern and are guided internally by the side wall of this lantern.

Avantageusement, les moyens élastiques comprennent un ressort coaxial à la lanterne et l'entourant. En particulier, le ressort est un ressort de compression hélicoïdal.Advantageously, the elastic means include a coaxial lantern spring and surrounding it. In particular, the spring is a spring of helical compression.

Ce ressort peut ainsi avoir un grand diamètre et une section de fil importante, ce qui permet d'obtenir une grande souplesse de fonctionnement. La forte section du fil du ressort lui donne une bonne résistance à l'usure par corrosion.This spring can thus have a large diameter and a large section of wire, which makes it possible to obtain great operating flexibility. The strong section spring wire gives it good resistance to corrosion wear.

De préférence, la lanterne est guidée dans sa partie inférieure par une zone cylindrique du piston différentiel.Preferably, the lantern is guided in its lower part by a cylindrical zone of the piston differential.

Au moins un poussoir est prévu à chaque extrémité axiale de la lanterne, le ou les poussoirs d'une extrémité étant indépendants du ou des poussoirs de l'autre extrémité de la lanterne, ces poussoirs étant en appui contre les moyens élastiques et étant retenus axialement par des butées prévues sur la lanterne, laquelle assure le guidage des poussoirs en translation.At least one pusher is provided at each end axial of the lantern, the push button (s) of a end being independent of the push button (s) the other end of the lantern, these pushers being in support against the elastic means and being retained axially by stops provided on the lantern, which guides the pushers in translation.

Le poussoir inférieur peut comporter une traverse diamétrale munie d'une tige coaxiale au piston, en saillie du côté opposé aux moyens élastiques. La tige traverse de manière étanche une paroi transversale du piston et vient en butée, en fin de course basse, contre une barrette transversale qui prend appui contre une partie de l'enveloppe . La barrette peut être montée coulissante dans un support lié au piston.The lower pusher may have a crosspiece diametral fitted with a rod coaxial with the piston, in projection on the side opposite to the elastic means. The rod tightly crosses a transverse wall of the piston and comes into abutment, at the low end of travel, against a transverse bar which bears against a part of the envelope. The bar can be mounted sliding in a support linked to the piston.

La traverse diamétrale peut être solidaire d'un anneau prenant appui contre le rebord inférieur de la lanterne, cet anneau entourant la paroi latérale de la lanterne qui comporte deux ouvertures longitudinales de guidage dans lesquelles passe la traverse.The diametrical cross member can be secured to a ring resting against the lower edge of the lantern, this ring surrounding the side wall of the lantern which has two longitudinal openings of guide through which the crosspiece passes.

Deux poussoirs supérieurs diamétralement opposés sont prévus et sont guidés par la lanterne, en particulier par lesdites ouvertures longitudinales.Two diametrically opposite upper lifters are provided and are guided by the lantern, in particularly by said longitudinal openings.

La lanterne peut comporter un plateau supérieur muni, vers l'intérieur, de deux encoches diamétralement opposées dans lesquelles sont engagés et coulissent les poussoirs supérieurs. Le plateau supérieur peut être assemblé par encliquetage.The lantern may have an upper tray inwardly provided with two diametrically notches opposite in which are engaged and slide the upper lifters. The upper tray can be snapped together.

Les moyens de commutation comprennent avantageusement des clapets.The switching means include advantageously valves.

L'ensemble de la lanterne, des moyens élastiques et des poussoirs, présente une symétrie axiale de réalisation garante de l'équilibre des différents efforts mis en jeu, et permettant de diminuer les risques de coincement.The whole lantern, elastic means and pushers, has an axial symmetry of achievement guaranteeing the balance of different efforts involved, and making it possible to reduce the risks of jamming.

Le maintien stable de la lanterne dans l'une de ses deux positions relatives au piston est avantageusement procuré par un dispositif du type à genouillère à trois axes, comprenant une biellette et un déclencheur.Keeping the lantern steady in one of its two positions relative to the piston is advantageously provided by a device of the type three-axis knee brace, including a link and a trigger.

La biellette est articulée, à une extrémité, sur le plateau supérieur de la lanterne et à son autre extrémité sur le déclencheur ; le déclencheur est lui-même articulé sur une pièce liée au piston.The link is hinged at one end to the top shelf of the lantern and its other end on the trigger; the trigger is itself articulated on a part linked to the piston.

Le déclencheur comprend deux extensions diamétralement opposées propres à venir en appui contre une butée liée au piston , respectivement au-dessus et au-dessous de cette butée suite à une rotation d'environ 180°, chaque extension du déclencheur étant propre à coopérer avec une saillie prévue respectivement sur un poussoir supérieur et un poussoir inférieur pour provoquer le basculement du déclencheur lorsque les moyens élastiques sont sous une charge suffisante.The trigger has two extensions diametrically opposed proper to come into abutment against a stop linked to the piston, respectively above and below this stop following a rotation of approximately 180 °, each extension of the trigger being specific to cooperate with a projection provided respectively on a upper pusher and a lower pusher for trigger the trigger when the elastic means are under sufficient load.

L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en un certain nombre d'autres dispositions dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après dans une description détaillée d'exemples de réalisation, avec référence aux dessins annexés, mais qui ne sont nullement limitatifs.The invention consists, apart from the provisions outlined above, in a number other provisions which will be more explicitly question below in a detailed description examples of construction, with reference to the drawings attached, but which are in no way limiting.

La Figure 1, de ces dessins, est une coupe axiale verticale d'un moteur hydraulique différentiel selon l'invention. Figure 1 of these drawings is an axial section vertical of a differential hydraulic motor according to the invention.

La Figure 2 est une vue de gauche, par rapport à la Figure 1, d'éléments du moteur situés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, le piston différentiel n'étant pas représenté.Figure 2 is a view from the left with respect to Figure 1, of engine components located inside the casing, the differential piston not being represented.

La Figure 3 est une coupe suivant la ligne III-III de Fig.2.Figure 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2.

La Figure 4 est une coupe axiale partielle, semblable à la Figure 1, montrant le moteur hydraulique dans une autre configuration.Figure 4 is a partial axial section, similar to Figure 1, showing the hydraulic motor in another configuration.

La Figure 5 est une coupe de la lanterne, des poussoirs et des moyens élastiques selon la ligne V-V de la Figure 6.Figure 5 is a section through the lantern, pushers and elastic means according to line V-V of Figure 6.

La Figure 6 est une vue de dessus par rapport à la Figure 2, les clapets étant retirés.Figure 6 is a top view with respect to Figure 2, the valves being removed.

La Figure 7 est une vue en perspective éclatée de composants du moteur, le piston différentiel n'étant pas représenté.Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view of engine components, the differential piston not being represented.

La Figure 8 est une vue en perspective de la lanterne seule.Figure 8 is a perspective view of the lantern alone.

La Figure 9 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble des éléments disposés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe du moteur, le piston différentiel étant représenté en extérieur.Figure 9 is a perspective view of all the elements arranged inside the engine casing, the differential piston being shown outside.

La Figure 10 illustre en perspective une réalisation particulière de biellette pour le dispositif à genouillère .Figure 10 illustrates in perspective a particular realization of rod for the device knee pad.

La Figure 11, enfin, est une coupe partielle, semblable à Fig.4, illustrant un dispositif à genouillère équipé de la biellette de Fig.10.Figure 11, finally, is a partial section, similar to Fig. 4, illustrating a toggle device equipped with the link of Fig. 10.

En se reportant à la Figure 1 des dessins, on peut voir une machine hydraulique M constituée par un moteur hydraulique différentiel 1. Ce moteur comporte une enveloppe 2, ou corps de machine , constituée d'une partie supérieure 2a et d'une partie inférieure 2b assemblées de manière étanche . La forme générale de l'enveloppe 2 est cylindrique de révolution autour d'un axe A-A vertical. La partie supérieure 2a est fermée, à son extrémité haute, par un dôme comportant une ouverture centrale 3 qui, en état de marche du moteur, est fermée par un obturateur 3a.Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, we can see a hydraulic machine M consisting of a differential hydraulic motor 1. This motor has a casing 2, or machine body, consisting of upper part 2a and lower part 2b tightly assembled. The general form of the envelope 2 is cylindrical of revolution around a vertical axis A-A. The upper part 2a is closed, at its upper end, by a dome having an opening control unit 3 which, when the engine is running, is closed by a shutter 3a.

La partie inférieure 2b comporte une paroi cylindrique intérieure 4 de plus petit diamètre déterminant une chambre annulaire 5 autour d'elle, à l'intérieur de 2b. Cette paroi 4 définit en outre une chambre intérieure cylindrique 6 de plus petit diamètre que la chambre 7 déterminée en partie haute par 2a.The lower part 2b has a wall inner cylinder 4 of smaller diameter determining an annular chamber 5 around it, at inside 2b. This wall 4 further defines a cylindrical inner chamber 6 of smaller diameter that the chamber 7 determined in the upper part by 2a.

Un embout 8 fileté, servant de raccord, débouche dans la chambre annulaire 5. Un autre embout fileté 9, diamétralement opposé, débouche dans la chambre 6 en étant isolé de la chambre annulaire 5. L'arrivée de liquide sous pression a lieu par l'embout 8, tandis que l'évacuation s'effectue par l'embout 9.A threaded end piece 8, serving as a connection, opens out in the annular chamber 5. Another threaded end 9, diametrically opposite, opens into chamber 6 in being isolated from the annular chamber 5. The arrival of pressurized liquid takes place through the nozzle 8, while evacuation takes place via the nozzle 9.

La partie 2b comporte à son extrémité inférieure un rebord 10 entourant une ouverture 11. Le rebord 10 sert de support à un manchon 12 traversé axialement par une tige 13, partiellement représentée, d'entraínement d'un mécanisme, par exemple d'une pompe. La paroi cylindrique du manchon 12 comporte des ouvertures 14 pour le passage du liquide.Part 2b has at its lower end a rim 10 surrounding an opening 11. The rim 10 serves as a support for a sleeve 12 axially traversed by a rod 13, partially shown, for driving a mechanism, for example a pump. Wall cylindrical of the sleeve 12 has openings 14 for the passage of the liquid.

Un piston différentiel 15 est propre à coulisser en mouvement vertical alternatif dans le corps 2 du moteur. Le piston 15 présente une grande section au niveau de la chambre 7 et une section plus petite au niveau de la chambre 6.A differential piston 15 is able to slide in reciprocating vertical motion in body 2 of engine. The piston 15 has a large section at level of chamber 7 and a smaller section at bedroom level 6.

Le piston différentiel 15 comprend une partie supérieure 15a et une partie inférieure 15b assemblées l'une à l'autre de manière étanche . La partie supérieure 15a comporte une collerette supérieure munie d'une lèvre d'étanchéité 16 formant une jupe dont la concavité est tournée du côté de la chambre 5. La lèvre 16 glisse de manière étanche contre la surface cylindrique intérieure de la partie 2a. La collerette portant la lèvre 16 est reliée par une partie tronconique 17, de section décroissante vers le bas, à une partie cylindrique 18 de diamètre inférieur à celui de la chambre 6. La partie 18 se termine par un fond transversal 19 perpendiculaire à l'axe A-A.The differential piston 15 comprises a part upper 15a and lower part 15b assembled to each other in a sealed manner. The upper portion 15a has an upper flange provided with a lip sealing 16 forming a skirt whose concavity is turned towards the side of chamber 5. The lip 16 slides from tight against the inner cylindrical surface from part 2a. The flange carrying the lip 16 is connected by a frustoconical part 17, of section decreasing downwards, to a cylindrical part 18 of diameter smaller than that of chamber 6. Part 18 ends with a transverse bottom 19 perpendicular to axis A-A.

La partie inférieure 15b du piston 15 est essentiellement cylindrique ouverte vers le bas, et fermée en partie haute par une paroi transversale 20 venant s'appliquer de manière étanche contre le fond 19 auquel elle est fixée par des vis non représentées. La paroi 20 est munie à sa périphérie d'un rebord 21 qui vient coiffer l'extrémité inférieure de la partie 15a. L'extrémité inférieure de la partie 15b est munie, extérieurement, d'une lèvre 22, tournée vers la chambre 7, glissant de manière étanche contre la surface intérieure de la paroi 4.The lower part 15b of the piston 15 is essentially cylindrical open downwards, and closed at the top by a transverse wall 20 coming to be applied tightly against the bottom 19 to which it is fixed by screws not shown. The wall 20 is provided at its periphery with a flange 21 which comes to cap the lower end of the part 15a. The lower end of the part 15b is provided, externally, of a lip 22, facing the chamber 7, sliding tightly against the surface inside the wall 4.

Des moyens de commutation hydraulique C (voir en particulier Fig.2 et Fig.9) pour l'alimentation en liquide et l'évacuation des chambres 5, 6 et 7 sont prévus. Ces moyens de commutation C peuvent prendre deux états stables.Hydraulic switching means C (see in Fig.2 and Fig.9) for the supply of liquid and the evacuation of chambers 5, 6 and 7 are provided. These switching means C can take two stable states.

Dans un premier état, correspondant à la représentation de la Figure 1, la chambre annulaire 5 située au-dessous de la lèvre 16 est isolée de la chambre 7 située au-dessus du piston 15. Cette chambre 7 est alors reliée à la chambre 6 et à l'échappement 9. Le liquide sous pression arrivant par le raccord 8 provoque le déplacement du piston 15 vers le haut.In a first state, corresponding to the representation of Figure 1, the annular chamber 5 located below the lip 16 is isolated from the chamber 7 located above the piston 15. This chamber 7 is then connected to chamber 6 and to exhaust 9. The pressurized liquid arriving through the fitting 8 causes the displacement of the piston 15 upwards.

Dans l'autre état stable des moyens de commutation C, le liquide sous pression est admis dans la chambre 7 située au-dessus du piston 15, la chambre 6 étant isolée de la chambre 7. Le piston 15 se déplace alors vers le bas (voir Fig.4).In the other stable state means of switching C, the pressurized liquid is admitted to the chamber 7 located above the piston 15, chamber 6 being isolated from the chamber 7. The piston 15 moves then down (see Fig. 4).

Les moyens de commutation C comprennent avantageusement deux clapets 23 diamétralement opposés (Fig.2) propres à coopérer avec un siège 24 (Fig.9) prévu sur la grande section du piston 15. Deux autres clapets 25 diamétralement opposés, mais décalés angulairement par rapport aux clapets 23, sont prévus pour coopérer avec des sièges ménagés dans les parois 19 et 20 de petite section du piston 15.The switching means C include advantageously two valves 23 diametrically opposed (Fig. 2) suitable for cooperating with a seat 24 (Fig. 9) provided on the large section of the piston 15. Two other valves 25 diametrically opposed, but angularly offset by compared to the valves 23, are provided to cooperate with seats provided in the small walls 19 and 20 piston section 15.

Comme visible d'après Fig.2, les clapets 23 et 25 se ferment en sens inverse. Les clapets 23 se ferment en étant soulevés contre leur siège, tandis que les clapets 25 se ferment en étant abaissés contre leur siège. Des ressorts de compression R1,R2 sont prévus pour assurer l'application des clapets respectifs 23,25 contre leur siège et pour compenser les tolérances de fabrication.As visible from Fig. 2, the valves 23 and 25 close in reverse. The valves 23 close in being lifted against their seat, while the flaps 25 close by being lowered against their seat. of the compression springs R1, R2 are provided to ensure the application of the respective valves 23.25 against their seat and to compensate for manufacturing tolerances.

Bien que les clapets 23, 25 soient la solution préférée assurant une très bonne étancbéité, les moyens de commutation C pourraient être constitués par un ou des tiroirs.Although valves 23, 25 are the solution preferred ensuring very good watertightness, the means switching C could be made up of one or drawers.

Les clapets 23, 25 sont situés en avant et en arrière du plan de la Figure 1.The valves 23, 25 are located in front and in back of the plan of Figure 1.

Les moyens de commutation C sont portés par une lanterne 26, ou boítier cylindrique ouvert, bien visible sur Fig.7 et Fig.8. La lanterne 26 comprend un corps à paroi latérale 27 cylindrique, coaxiale au piston, munie à sa partie inférieure d'une collerette 28 en saillie radiale. Deux échancrures diamétralement opposées 29 sont prévues en partie basse, auxquelles correspondent, vers l'intérieur, deux saillies 30 (Fig.8) sensiblement semi-cylindriques, diamétralement opposées. Des ouvertures rectangulaires 31 sont prévues dans les saillies 30 pour permettre un encliquetage des clapets 25 munis, à leur extrémité supérieure, de crochets élastiques 32. L'accrochage des clapets 25 à la lanterne 26 est prévu de manière à laisser une certaine liberté de coulissement vertical du clapet pour permettre au ressort de clapet R2 évoqué précédemment de bien appliquer le clapet contre son siège.The switching means C are carried by a lantern 26, or open cylindrical housing, clearly visible on Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. The lantern 26 comprises a body with side wall 27 cylindrical, coaxial with the piston, provided at its lower part of a projecting flange 28 radial. Two diametrically opposed notches 29 are provided in the lower part, to which correspond, towards inside, two substantially semi-cylindrical projections 30 (FIG. 8), diametrically opposite. Openings rectangular 31 are provided in the projections 30 for allow a snap-fitting of the valves 25 provided, at their upper end, elastic hooks 32. The attachment of the valves 25 to the lantern 26 is provided for so as to leave a certain freedom of sliding vertical valve to allow R2 valve spring previously mentioned to properly apply the valve against his seat.

La paroi cylindrique 27 du corps comporte deux ouvertures longitudinales 33, diamétralement opposées, à bords parallèles verticaux. Les ouvertures 33 sont décalées d'un angle droit par rapport aux échancrures 29, débouchent vers le haut mais sont fermées en partie basse au-dessus de la collerette 28. La paroi ou corps 27 comporte en outre des échancrures 34 ouvertes vers le haut, diamétralement opposées, dans la même position angulaire que les échancrures 29 mais séparées de celles-ci par un secteur 35 de matière.The cylindrical wall 27 of the body has two longitudinal openings 33, diametrically opposite, at vertical parallel edges. The openings 33 are offset by a right angle relative to the notches 29, open upwards but are closed at the bottom above the flange 28. The wall or body 27 further includes notches 34 open towards the high, diametrically opposite, in the same position angular as the notches 29 but separated from them by a sector 35 of matter.

Le corps 27 comporte en partie haute des crochets 36, par exemple au nombre de quatre, régulièrement répartis, présentant une certaine souplesse.The body 27 has hooks at the top 36, for example four in number, regularly distributed, with a certain flexibility.

Un plateau 37, ouvert dans sa partie centrale et comportant deux échancrures diamétralement opposées 38 propres à venir dans l'alignement des ouvertures 33, est prévu. Ce plateau 37 comporte un nombre d'ouvertures rectangulaires 37a égal au nombre de crochets 36 pour l'encliquetage des crochets dans ces ouvertures.A tray 37, open in its central part and having two diametrically opposed notches 38 clean to come in line with the openings 33, is planned. This tray 37 has a number of openings rectangular 37a equal to the number of hooks 36 for snap hooks into these openings.

De part et d'autre de la base des crochets 36, le bord frontal d'extrémité de la paroi 27 forme une surface de butée 39 contre laquelle vient en appui la face inférieure du plateau 37 alors que les crochets 36 sont encliquetés, comme illustré sur Fig.8.On either side of the base of the hooks 36, the front end edge of wall 27 forms a surface abutment 39 against which the face comes to bear bottom of the tray 37 while the hooks 36 are snapped in, as shown in Fig. 8.

Les clapets supérieurs 23 sont munis de crochets élastiques 40 (Fig.7) propres à s'encliqueter dans des ouvertures rectangulaires 41, diamétralement opposées, prévues sur une traverse 42 comportant, dans sa partie centrale, une couronne 43.The upper valves 23 are provided with hooks elastic bands 40 (Fig. 7) suitable for snapping into rectangular openings 41, diametrically opposite, provided on a crosspiece 42 comprising, in its part central, crown 43.

Le plateau 37 comporte deux colonnes 44 perpendiculaires au plateau, diamétralement opposées et munies d'un trou axial. Sur ces colonnes 44 viennent s'engager respectivement, de manière coulissante, deux logements 45 diamétralement opposés prévus sur la traverse 42, au voisinage de la couronne 43. Un ressort R1 est disposé autour de chaque colonne 44 entre la plateau 37 et la traverse 42. Selon la représentation de Fig.2 , les ressorts R1 ont tendance à soulever la traverse 42 et avec elle les clapets 23 pour les appliquer contre leur siège. Un moyen de retenue (non représenté) peut être prévu à l'extrémité supérieure des colonnes 44 pour empêcher la traverse 42 de s'échapper. Il est à noter qu'avant d'assembler les clapets 23 à la traverse 42 et à la lanterne 26, cette dernière est d'abord installée dans le piston 15, en étant guidée par la partie cylindrique 18 de ce piston. Les clapets 23 sont placés du côté de la lèvre 16 du piston opposée à la traverse 42 et leurs tiges munies du crochet 40 sont engagées à travers le siège prévu sur le piston, puis sont accrochées à la traverse 42.The tray 37 has two columns 44 perpendicular to the plate, diametrically opposite and provided with an axial hole. On these columns 44 come slidingly engage two diametrically opposite housings 45 provided on the cross 42, in the vicinity of the crown 43. A spring R1 is placed around each column 44 between the plate 37 and crosspiece 42. According to the representation of Fig. 2, the springs R1 tend to raise the cross 42 and with it the valves 23 for them apply against their seat. A means of restraint (not shown) may be provided at the upper end of columns 44 to prevent the crosspiece 42 from escaping. It should be noted that before assembling the valves 23 to the cross 42 and lantern 26, the latter is first installed in the piston 15, being guided by the cylindrical part 18 of this piston. The valves 23 are placed on the side of the lip 16 of the piston opposite the cross 42 and their rods provided with the hook 40 are engaged through the seat provided on the piston, then are attached to the crosspiece 42.

Les clapets 25 par contre sont accrochés à la lanterne 26 avant sa mise en place dans le piston 15, les sièges des clapets 25 se trouvant sur la paroi 19, 20.The valves 25 on the other hand are hooked to the lantern 26 before its installation in the piston 15, the valve seats 25 located on the wall 19, 20.

La lanterne 26 est entraínée par le piston 15 et peut prendre deux positions stables relativement à ce piston. Une première position haute (Fig.1) relativement au piston correspond à l'appui des clapets 23 contre leur siège, alors que les clapets inférieurs 25 sont ouverts. La deuxième position, ou position basse de la lanterne (Fig.4) relativement au piston, correspond à la fermeture des clapets 25 et à l'ouverture des clapets 23.The lantern 26 is driven by the piston 15 and can take two stable positions relative to this piston. A first high position (Fig. 1) relatively the piston corresponds to the support of the valves 23 against their seat, while the lower valves 25 are open. The second position, or low position of the lantern (Fig. 4) relative to the piston, corresponds to the closure of the valves 25 and at the opening of the valves 23.

Le maintien dans l'une ou l'autre des positions stables de la lanterne 26 relativement au piston 15 peut être assuré par tout moyen approprié.Maintaining in either position lantern 26 stable relative to piston 15 can be insured by any appropriate means.

Une solution avantageuse pour assurer la stabilité de l'une ou l'autre des positions durant la course du piston consiste en un mécanisme de liaison 46 du type à genouillère, à trois axes de rotation parallèles X1, X2, X3, perpendiculaires au plan des Figs.3 et 5.An advantageous solution to ensure the stability of either position during the piston stroke consists of a linkage mechanism 46 knee type, three axes of rotation parallels X1, X2, X3, perpendicular to the plane of Figs. 3 and 5.

Un support 47 est disposé à l'intérieur de la lanterne 26 et est fixé, par exemple par des vis, sur les parois transversales 19, 20 du piston différentiel 15. Le support 47 est constitué de deux plaques parallèles verticales 47a, 47b (Fig.7) écartées l'une de l'autre présentant un contour sensiblement en forme de trapèze rectangle ; un grand côté vertical est adjacent à la surface intérieure de la lanterne 26, le bord opposé à ce grand côté vertical est incliné . Les deux plaques 47a, 47b sont reliées entre elles, dans leur partie haute, par une barrette transversale horizontale 48.A support 47 is disposed inside the lantern 26 and is fixed, for example by screws, on the transverse walls 19, 20 of the differential piston 15. The support 47 consists of two parallel plates vertical 47a, 47b (Fig. 7) spaced from each other having a substantially trapezoid-shaped outline rectangle; a large vertical side is adjacent to the inner surface of the lantern 26, the edge opposite to this large vertical side is tilted. The two plates 47a, 47b are interconnected in their upper part by a horizontal transverse bar 48.

Un déclencheur ou basculeur 49 est disposé entre les plaques 47a, 47b et est articulé sur un arbre 50 d'axe géométrique X1. Cet arbre 50 est porté par deux paliers prévus dans les plaques 47a, 47b. L'axe X1 est situé dans un plan vertical diamétral de la lanterne 26. L'arbre 50 est situé sensiblement à la hauteur de la barrette 48. Le déclencheur 49 comporte deux extensions radiales 49a, 49b dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à celle du déclencheur, et qui sont décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre suivant la direction de l'arbre 50.A trigger or rocker 49 is disposed between the plates 47a, 47b and is articulated on a shaft 50 with geometric axis X1. This tree 50 is carried by two bearings provided in plates 47a, 47b. The X1 axis is located in a vertical diametral plane of the lantern 26. The shaft 50 is located substantially at the height of the bar 48. The trigger 49 has two extensions radial 49a, 49b whose thickness is less than that of the trigger, and which are offset from each other the other in the direction of the tree 50.

Une biellette 51 (Figs.3, 5 et 7) en une matière présentant une certaine élasticité, par exemple en matière plastique, établit une liaison articulée entre le déclencheur 49 et le plateau 37 de la lanterne 26. La biellette 51, comme bien visible sur Fig.7, a sensiblement la forme d'un U renversé dont les deux branches 51a, 51b, en forme de plaquette, entourent le basculeur 49. Ces deux branches sont reliées à leur extrémité supérieure par une barre 52 de plus faible largeur que les branches. Chaque branche comporte dans sa partie supérieure, au voisinage de la barre 52, un trou circulaire 53 propre à recevoir une bague 54 anti-frottement elle même traversée par un arbre 55 engagé, de l'extérieur, dans un palier 56 prévu sur le plateau 37. Deux paliers diamétralement opposés 56 et deux arbres 55 sont prévus pour coopérer avec les deux trous diamétralement opposés 53. Chaque arbre 55 fait saillie radialement vers l'intérieur pour s'engager dans la bague 54 et le trou 53 correspondant . L'extrémité radiale extérieure de l'arbre 55 est munie d'une tête rectangulaire 57 venant se bloquer dans un logement correspondant du plateau 37. Les paliers 56 admettent X2 comme axe géométrique, parallèle à l'arbre 50. L'axe X2 est situé dans le même plan diamétral vertical que l'axe géométrique X1. A link 51 (Figs. 3, 5 and 7) made of a material with a certain elasticity, for example in plastic material, establishes an articulated connection between the trigger 49 and plate 37 of lantern 26. The link 51, as clearly visible in Fig. 7, a substantially the shape of an inverted U, both of which branches 51a, 51b, in the form of a plate, surround the rocker 49. These two branches are connected to their upper end by a lower bar 52 width than the branches. Each branch has in its upper part, in the vicinity of bar 52, a hole circular 53 suitable for receiving an anti-friction ring 54 itself crossed by a tree 55 engaged, of outside, in a bearing 56 provided on the plate 37. Two diametrically opposed bearings 56 and two shafts 55 are provided to cooperate with the two holes diametrically opposed 53. Each shaft 55 projects radially inward to engage the ring 54 and the corresponding hole 53. The radial end outside of shaft 55 is provided with a head rectangular 57 coming to hang in a housing correspondent of the stage 37. The stages 56 admit X2 as a geometric axis, parallel to the shaft 50. The axis X2 is located in the same vertical diametral plane as the axis geometric X1.

Les deux branches de la biellette 51 comportent en outre, vers leur extrémité inférieure, un trou circulaire 58 pour servir de palier à un arbre 58a qui traverse librement en rotation un trou circulaire du basculeur 49. Une bague 58b est prévue à chaque extrémité de l'arbre 58a dans le trou 58 correspondant. X3 est l'axe géométrique de l'arbre 58a.The two branches of the link 51 comprise in addition, towards their lower end, a hole circular 58 to serve as a bearing for a shaft 58a which crosses freely in rotation a circular hole in the rocker 49. A ring 58b is provided at each end from shaft 58a into the corresponding hole 58. X3 is the geometric axis of the tree 58a.

Deux positions stables du déclencheur 49 sont déterminées par la venue en butée d'une part de l'extension 49a avec la face supérieure de la barrette 48 (Fig.3), et d'autre part de l'extension 49b avec la face inférieure de la barrette 48 (Fig.5). On passe d'une position à l'autre par une rotation du déclencheur 49 d'environ 180° relativement au support 47, autour de X1.Two stable positions of the trigger 49 are determined by the coming into abutment of a part of extension 49a with the upper face of the bar 48 (Fig. 3), and on the other hand of extension 49b with the face lower of the bar 48 (Fig. 5). We go from one position to the other by a rotation of the release 49 about 180 ° relative to support 47, around X1.

Dans la position stable de Fig.3 les traces des trois axes X1, X2 et X3 sont aux sommets d'un triangle aplati, l'axe X3 étant légèrement à gauche du plan passant par les axes X1 et X2. L'axe X3 se trouve entre X1 et X2. La lanterne 26 et avec elle les clapets 23 occupent alors la position haute, relativement au support 47 et au piston 15, qui correspond à la fermeture des clapets 23 supérieurs alors que les clapets 25 sont ouverts.In the stable position of Fig. 3 the traces of three axes X1, X2 and X3 are at the vertices of a triangle flattened, axis X3 being slightly to the left of the plane passing through axes X1 and X2. The X3 axis is between X1 and X2. The lantern 26 and with it the valves 23 then occupy the high position, relative to the support 47 and piston 15, which corresponds to the closing of the valves 23 upper while the valves 25 are open.

Pour franchir la position angulaire pour laquelle les trois axes X1, X2, X3 sont dans un même plan, le basculeur 49 doit provoquer une légère déformation élastique de la biellette 51.To cross the angular position for which the three axes X1, X2, X3 are in the same plane, the rocker 49 must cause slight deformation elastic of the link 51.

Sur Fig.5, X3 est passé du côté de X1 opposé à X2. Les traces des trois axes X1, X2 et X3 forment encore un triangle aplati, l'axe X3 se trouvant légèrement sur la gauche du plan passant par X2-X1. La lanterne 26, et avec elle les clapets, occupent alors la position basse relativement au support 47 et au piston 15. Les clapets supérieurs 23 sont ouverts tandis que les clapets 25 sont fermés.In Fig. 5, X3 passed to the side of X1 opposite to X2. The traces of the three axes X1, X2 and X3 still form a flattened triangle, the X3 axis being slightly on the left of the plane passing through X2-X1. Lantern 26, and with it the valves, then occupy the low position relative to the support 47 and to the piston 15. The valves upper 23 are open while the valves 25 are closed.

Des moyens de commande sont prévus pour assurer un changement brusque de la position de Fig.3 à celle de Fig.5 et inversement. Ces moyens de commande comprennent des moyens élastiques E exerçant un effort suivant l'axe géométrique A-A de déplacement du piston.Control means are provided to ensure a sudden change from the position of Fig. 3 to that of Fig. 5 and vice versa. These control means include elastic means E exerting a force along the axis geometric A-A of displacement of the piston.

Les moyens élastiques E sont disposés à l'extérieur de la paroi cylindrique de la lanterne 26 et sont guidés intérieurement par la paroi du corps 27 de la lanterne 26.The elastic means E are arranged at the exterior of the cylindrical wall of the lantern 26 and are internally guided by the wall of the body 27 of the lantern 26.

Avantageusement, les moyens élastiques E sont constitués par un seul ressort hélicoïdal 59 coaxial à la lanterne 26, et propre à travailler essentiellement en compression. Le ressort 59 de grand diamètre permet d'obtenir une grande souplesse de fonctionnement et contribue à une réalisation simple de construction. La section des spires du ressort est relativement importante, ce qui améliore sa résistance à l'usure et à la corrosion.Advantageously, the elastic means E are constituted by a single coil spring 59 coaxial with the lantern 26, and suitable for working essentially in compression. The large diameter spring 59 allows to obtain a great flexibility of operation and contributes to a simple construction achievement. The section of the coils of the spring is relatively important, which improves its resistance to wear and corrosion.

En variante non représentée on pourrait prévoir, à la place d'un seul ressort 59, plusieurs ressorts de plus petit diamètre disposés autour de la lanterne 26 et guidés par des logements en forme de cavité cylindrique ouverte, prévus dans la paroi extérieure de la lanterne. Les axes de ces ressorts seraient parallèles à l'axe A-A mais écartés radialement de cet axe. Une disposition symétrique par rapport à l'axe A-A de ces ressorts permettrait d'obtenir une composante suivant l'axe A-A.In a variant not shown, provision could be made, instead of a single spring 59, several springs of smaller diameter arranged around the lantern 26 and guided by cylindrical cavity shaped housings open, provided in the outer wall of the lantern. The axes of these springs would be parallel to the axis A-A but spaced radially from this axis. A disposition symmetrical about the axis A-A of these springs would make it possible to obtain a component along the axis A-A.

Des moyens de déclenchement D sont prévus pour libérer, en fin de course du piston 15, l'énergie accumulée par le ressort 59 et pour provoquer le changement brusque de position de la lanterne 26 et des moyens de commutation C relativement au piston 15.Triggering means D are provided for release, at the end of stroke of the piston 15, the energy accumulated by the spring 59 and to cause the sudden change in position of lantern 26 and switching means C relative to the piston 15.

Les moyens de déclenchement D comprennent, en partie haute, deux poussoirs supérieurs 60a, 60b diamétralement opposés reliés à leur base par une bague circulaire 61, et un poussoir inférieur 62 en partie basse .The triggering means D include, in upper part, two upper pushers 60a, 60b diametrically opposed connected to their base by a ring circular 61, and a lower pusher 62 in part low.

Les poussoirs supérieurs 60a, 60b sont constitués par des branches verticales engagées et guidées dans les échancrures 38 du plateau 37 de la lanterne 26. La bague 61 passe autour de la paroi cylindrique du corps 27 de la lanterne qui sert également à guider l'ensemble. Les poussoirs 60a, 60b comportent des saillies 63a, 63b radialement vers l'intérieur qui s'engagent dans les ouvertures longitudinales 33 de la lanterne, contribuant également au guidage.The upper pushers 60a, 60b are constituted by vertical branches engaged and guided in the indentations 38 of the tray 37 of the lantern 26. The ring 61 passes around the cylindrical wall of the body 27 of the lantern which also serves to guide the whole. The pushers 60a, 60b have projections 63a, 63b radially inward which engage in the longitudinal openings 33 of the lantern, contributing also for guidance.

La saillie 63a prévue en partie basse du poussoir 60a s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur d'une distance suffisante pour coopérer, en fin de course haute du piston 15, avec l'extension 49b du déclencheur 49 (Fig.3) et amener le déclencheur 49 à la position de Fig.5. Les épaisseurs sont décalées pour que 63a ne puisse coopérer avec 49a.The projection 63a provided in the lower part of the pusher 60a extends radially inward from a distance sufficient to cooperate, at the top end of the piston 15, with extension 49b of trigger 49 (Fig. 3) and bring the trigger 49 to the position of Fig.5. The thicknesses are offset so that 63a cannot cooperate with 49a.

Le ressort 59 est en appui contre la bague 61 elle-même en appui contre la face inférieure du plateau 37.The spring 59 bears against the ring 61 itself pressing against the underside of the plate 37.

Le poussoir inférieur 62 comporte une traverse diamétrale 64 passant par les ouvertures 33 qui assurent le guidage en coulissement du poussoir 62. La traverse 64 est solidaire d'un anneau 65 entourant la partie inférieure du corps 27 de la lanterne 26, et prenant appui axial contre la collerette 28. Des ouvertures sensiblement semi-circulaires (Fig.7) existent entre les parois diamétrales de la traverse 64 et le contour intérieur de l'anneau 65, permettant le passage des plaques 47a, 47b du support 47.The lower pusher 62 has a crosspiece diametral 64 passing through the openings 33 which provide the sliding guide of the pusher 62. The crosspiece 64 is integral with a ring 65 surrounding the part lower of the body 27 of the lantern 26, and taking axial support against the flange 28. Openings substantially semicircular (Fig. 7) exist between the diametrical walls of the cross member 64 and the contour inside of ring 65, allowing passage of plates 47a, 47b of the support 47.

La traverse 64 est munie d'une tige 66, coaxiale au piston 15, en saillie du côté opposé au ressort 59. La tige 66 traverse de manière étanche, grâce à un joint torique, une ouverture centrale des parois 19, 20.The crosspiece 64 is provided with a rod 66, coaxial to the piston 15, projecting from the side opposite the spring 59. The rod 66 crosses tightly, thanks to a seal toric, a central opening of the walls 19, 20.

En fin de course basse du piston 15, l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 66 vient en butée contre une barrette transversale 67 qui prend appui, à chacune de ses extrémités, contre la paroi transversale supérieure 68 du manchon 12.At the bottom end of piston 15, the end lower of the rod 66 abuts against a transverse bar 67 which is supported, at each of its ends, against the upper transverse wall 68 of sleeve 12.

La barrette 67 est montée coulissante dans une pièce de retenue 69 fixée au piston 15 sous la paroi 20. La barrette 67 comporte, sur chacun de ses grands côtés, une nervure 70 parallèle à l'axe A-A, propre à coulisser dans une rainure (non représentée) prévue dans la pièce 69. Lorsque le piston 15 occupe une position relativement haute, la traverse 67 repose sur le fond du logement de la pièce 69 à une certaine distance de l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 66. Lorsque le piston 15 arrive vers sa position basse, la barrette 67 prend appui sur la paroi 68 et cesse de descendre alors que le piston 15 peut continuer sa course pour que la tige 66 vienne en butée contre la barrette 67.The bar 67 is slidably mounted in a retaining piece 69 fixed to the piston 15 under the wall 20. The bar 67 has, on each of its long sides, a rib 70 parallel to the axis A-A, capable of sliding in a groove (not shown) provided in the part 69. When the piston 15 occupies a relatively position high, the crossmember 67 rests on the bottom of the housing room 69 some distance from the end lower of the rod 66. When the piston 15 arrives towards its low position, the bar 67 bears on the wall 68 and stops going down while the piston 15 can continue its race so that the rod 66 comes in stop against the bar 67.

Le maintien et le guidage de la traverse 42 relativement au piston différentiel 15 est avantageusement assuré par deux colonnes cylindriques 15d (Fig. 9) diamétralement opposées, faisant partie intégrante du piston 15, en saillie verticale au-dessus de la grande section du piston. La traverse 42 comporte, vers chacune de ses extrémités, une bague cylindrique 42d propre à s'engager avec un jeu réduit autour de la colonne 15d correspondante. Les deux bagues 42d, comme visible sur Fig. 9, sont situées de part et d'autre de la traverse 42.Maintaining and guiding the cross member 42 relative to the differential piston 15 is advantageously provided by two cylindrical columns 15d (Fig. 9) diametrically opposed, forming part integral with piston 15, projecting vertically above of the large piston section. The crosspiece 42 comprises, towards each of its ends, a cylindrical ring 42d suitable for engaging with reduced play around the corresponding column 15d. The two 42d rings, like visible in Fig. 9, are located on either side of the cross 42.

Des moyens élastiques J (Fig.5) sont prévus pour rappeler la biellette 51 du mécanisme à genouillère dans une position de verrouillage pour laquelle les axes X1, X2, X3 ne sont pas coplanaires. Selon la représentation de Fig. 5 la biellette 51 est soumise, par les moyens élastiques de rappel J schématiquement représentés, à un couple ayant tendance à la faire tourner dans le sens d'horloge autour de l'arbre 55. Les moyens élastiques J peuvent être constitués par un moyen de traction ou de compression disposé entre un point d'accrochage sur la biellette 51 et un point d'accrochage fixé au plateau 37 de la lanterne, ou par un ressort de flexion tel qu'une épingle sensiblement rectiligne s'étendant diamétralement et prenant appui d'un côté contre deux pions diamétralement opposés, solidaires du plateau 37 et, de l'autre côté, dans sa partie médiane contre un pion en saillie vers le haut sur la biellette 51.Elastic means J (Fig. 5) are provided for recall the link 51 of the toggle mechanism in a locking position for which the axes X1, X2, X3 are not coplanar. According to the representation of Fig. 5 the link 51 is submitted, by the means return elastics J schematically shown, at a couple tending to rotate it clockwise clock around the tree 55. The elastic means J may consist of a means of traction or compression arranged between a point of attachment on the link 51 and a hooking point fixed to the plate 37 lantern, or by a bending spring such as a substantially straight pin extending diametrically and leaning on one side against two pawns diametrically opposite, integral with the plate 37 and, the other side, in its middle part against a pawn in protruding upwards on the link 51.

La traverse 64 du poussoir inférieur comporte d'un côté une saillie 64a vers le haut propre à coopérer avec l'extension 49a du basculeur 49 lors de la descente du piston 15. Les épaisseurs sont décalées pour que 64a ne puisse coopérer avec 49b. Les décalages d'épaisseur ainsi que les décalages des plans de coupe expliquent pourquoi 64a apparaít sur Fig. 5 mais non sur Fig.3.The crosspiece 64 of the lower pusher comprises on one side a projection 64a upwards suitable for cooperating with the extension 49a of the rocker 49 during the descent of the piston 15. The thicknesses are offset so that 64a cannot cooperate with 49b. Thickness offsets as well as the offsets of the cutting planes explain why 64a appears in Fig. 5 but not in Fig. 3.

Ceci étant, le fonctionnement du moteur hydraulique différentiel est le suivant.However, the operation of the engine differential hydraulics is as follows.

On considère le moteur dans la configuration de Fig.1. Comme déjà indiqué, les clapets 23 sont fermés, la traverse 42 occupant une position haute relativement à la lanterne 26. La chambre 5 est isolée de la chambre 7. Par contre, les clapets inférieurs 25 sont ouverts et la chambre 7 communique avec la chambre 6.We consider the engine in the configuration of Fig.1. As already indicated, the valves 23 are closed, the cross 42 occupying a high position relative to the lantern 26. Room 5 is isolated from room 7. By against, the lower valves 25 are open and the bedroom 7 communicates with bedroom 6.

Le liquide sous pression arrivant par la chambre 5 pousse le piston 15 vers le haut suivant sa grande section annulaire, tandis que le liquide de la chambre 7 est évacué vers la chambre 6 et l'échappement 9.The pressurized liquid arriving through the chamber 5 pushes the piston 15 upwards according to its large annular section, while the liquid from chamber 7 is discharged to the chamber 6 and the exhaust 9.

Les poussoirs 60a, 60b sont retenus par le plateau 37 contre l'action du ressort 59, tandis que le poussoir inférieur 62 est retenu par la collerette 28 de la lanterne 26.The pushers 60a, 60b are retained by the plate 37 against the action of the spring 59, while the lower pusher 62 is retained by the flange 28 of the lantern 26.

Vers la fin de la course ascendante du piston 15, l'extrémité supérieure des poussoirs 60a, 60b vient buter contre la surface interne 3b du dôme de l'enveloppe. Les poussoirs 60a, 60b sont stoppés dans leur course ascendante mais le piston 15 continue de monter. Le ressort 59 est alors comprimé par les poussoirs 60a, 60b, contre le poussoir inférieur 62. Le plateau supérieur 37 de la lanterne continue de monter et s'écarte de la base des poussoirs supérieurs.Towards the end of the upward stroke of the piston 15, the upper end of the pushers 60a, 60b abuts against the internal surface 3b of the dome of the envelope. The pushers 60a, 60b are stopped in their course ascending but the piston 15 continues to rise. The spring 59 is then compressed by the pushers 60a, 60b, against the lower pusher 62. The upper plate 37 lantern continues to rise and moves away from the base upper lifters.

Pendant la compression du ressort 59 le déclencheur 49 continue sa course ascendante avec le piston 15 ; l'extension 49b se rapproche de la saillie 63a du poussoir 60a, puis vient en butée contre la saillie 63a.During the compression of the spring 59 the trigger 49 continues its upward stroke with the piston 15; extension 49b approaches projection 63a of the pusher 60a, then abuts against the projection 63a.

L'extension 49b est stoppée, mais le piston 15 poursuit encore un peu sa course vers le haut entraínant l'arbre 50 d'articulation du basculeur 49. Ce dernier va donc tourner dans le sens d'horloge, selon la représentation de Fig.1, autour de l'arbre 50 en provoquant une légère déformation de la biellette 51 pour franchir la position où les trois axes X1, X2, X3 sont dans un même plan ( leurs traces sur les dessins sont alors alignées).Extension 49b is stopped, but piston 15 continues a little further upward driving the articulation shaft 50 of the rocker 49. The latter goes so turn clockwise, depending on the representation of Fig. 1, around the tree 50 in causing a slight deformation of the link 51 for cross the position where the three axes X1, X2, X3 are in the same plane (their traces on the drawings are then aligned).

Dès que cette position de retenue est franchie, le ressort 59 peut se détendre en provoquant la rotation d'environ 180° dans le sens d'horloge du basculeur 49 qui vient prendre appui par son extension 49b sous la barrette 48 dans la position de Fig.5.As soon as this restrained position is crossed, spring 59 can relax by causing rotation about 180 ° in the clockwise direction of rocker 49 which is supported by its extension 49b under the bar 48 in the position of Fig. 5.

La lanterne 26 et les moyens de commutation C sont passés dans la deuxième position stable, à savoir la position basse, relative au piston différentiel 15. La bague 61 est de nouveau en appui contre le plateau 37. Les clapets 23 sont ouverts alors que les clapets 25 sont fermés.The lantern 26 and the switching means C have moved into the second stable position, namely the low position, relative to the differential piston 15. The ring 61 is again pressed against the plate 37. The valves 23 are open while the valves 25 are closed.

Il y a inversion du mouvement du piston 15 puisque le liquide sous pression est admis dans la chambre 7 qui est isolée de la chambre 6. Le piston 15 se déplace vers le bas dans la configuration de Fig.4.The piston 15 is inverted since the pressurized liquid is admitted into the chamber 7 which is isolated from chamber 6. The piston 15 is moves down in the configuration of Fig. 4.

Vers la fin de la course descendante, la barrette 67 vient en butée contre la paroi 68, puis la tige 66 (Fig.4 et Fig.5) du poussoir inférieur 62 vient en butée contre cette barrette 67. Le ressort 59 est comprimé par le poussoir inférieur 62 alors que la lanterne 26 continue à descendre avec le piston . La collerette 28 s'écarte de la traverse 64.Towards the end of the downward stroke, the bar 67 abuts against the wall 68, then the rod 66 (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) of the lower pusher 62 abuts against this bar 67. The spring 59 is compressed by the lower pusher 62 while the lantern 26 continues to descend with the piston. The collar 28 departs from cross member 64.

En fin de course descendante , l'extension 49a du basculeur vient en butée contre la saillie 64a (Fig.5) ce qui provoque une rotation d'environ 180° dans le sens contraire d'horloge du basculeur 49 autour de l'arbre 50. Ce changement de position s'effectue brusquement sous l'action du ressort 59 qui se détend.At the end of the descending race, extension 49a of rocker abuts against the projection 64a (Fig. 5) ce which causes a rotation of about 180 ° in the direction counter clock of the rocker 49 around the shaft 50. This change of position takes place suddenly under the action of the spring 59 which relaxes.

On retrouve alors la configuration de Fig.1 avec l'extension 49a en appui au-dessus de la barrette transversale 48.We then find the configuration of Fig. 1 with extension 49a resting above the bar transverse 48.

Le piston 15 repart pour une course ascendante.The piston 15 starts again for an upward stroke.

L'invention permet d'utiliser un ressort de compression 59 de grand diamètre qui procure une grande souplesse de fonctionnement et une réalisation simple de construction. Le rendement du moteur est amélioré et les chocs lors de la commutation sont réduits entraínant un fonctionnement plus silencieux.The invention allows the use of a spring compression 59 of large diameter which provides a large flexibility of operation and simple implementation of construction. Engine performance is improved and shocks during switching are reduced resulting in a quieter operation.

La disposition coaxiale dans l'axe du ressort des différentes pièces mobiles le long de cet axe permet de réduire les frottements. Le guidage des différentes pièces dans leur déplacement est assuré dans de bonnes conditions, et le piston 15 assure le guidage de la lanterne 26.The coaxial arrangement in the axis of the spring of the different moving parts along this axis allows reduce friction. Guiding the different parts in their displacement is assured in good conditions, and the piston 15 ensures the guiding of the lantern 26.

Les Figures 10 et 11 illustrent une variante de réalisation d'une biellette 151 pour le système à genouillère à trois axes X1, X2, X3.Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a variant of realization of a link 151 for the system with knee switch with three axes X1, X2, X3.

La biellette 151 est réalisée d'une seule pièce en un matériau élastique précisé plus loin. Cette biellette 151 comporte une partie centrale sensiblement en forme de U dont la branche inférieure transversale horizontale 151a est prévue pour constituer l'arbre d'articulation du basculeur 49.The link 151 is made in one piece made of an elastic material specified later. This connecting rod 151 has a central portion substantially U-shaped with the lower transverse branch horizontal 151a is planned to constitute the tree of articulation of the rocker 49.

A chaque extrémité, cette branche horizontale 151a se raccorde à une sorte d'arceau 151b, 151c sensiblement en arc de cercle situé dans un plan orthogonal à la branche 151a. Les arceaux 151b, 151c sont parallèles. Leur forme arquée leur permet une déformation de flexion et ces arceaux peuvent alors exercer des efforts de traction et de compression sensiblement verticaux, pour permettre le passage de la position où les traces des trois axes X1, X2, X3 sont alignées. At each end, this horizontal branch 151a is connected to a kind of arch 151b, 151c substantially in an arc located in a plane orthogonal to branch 151a. The hoops 151b, 151c are parallel. Their arched shape allows them to deform bending and these arches can then exert substantially tensile and compressive forces vertical, to allow passage from the position where the traces of the three axes X1, X2, X3 are aligned.

Les arceaux 151b, 151c se prolongent, à leur extrémité supérieure, par des segments horizontaux 151d, 151e recourbés vers l'extérieur et parallèles à la branche 151a. Ces segments 151d,151e présentent une certaine élasticité en torsion autour de leur axe géométrique X2 de manière à exercer un rappel sur les branches 151b et 151e (et sur la branche 151a) en rotation autour de l'axe X2 dans une position non coplanaire des axes X1, X2, X3 correspondant à une position de verrouillage. Les segments 151d, 151e se prolongent par d'autres segments 151f, 151g recourbés à angle droit du côté opposé aux arceaux, parallèles entre eux, et orthogonaux à la branche 151a. Les extrémités de ces segments 151f, 151g peuvent être encastrées dans une pièce K solidaire de la lanterne 26, cette pièce K pouvant être par exemple le plateau 37.The hoops 151b, 151c extend at their upper end, by horizontal segments 151d, 151e bent outward and parallel to the branch 151a. These segments 151d, 151e have a certain elasticity in torsion around their axis geometric X2 so as to exercise a reminder on the branches 151b and 151e (and on branch 151a) in rotation around the X2 axis in a non-position coplanar with the axes X1, X2, X3 corresponding to a locking position. The segments 151d, 151e are extend by other segments 151f, 151g curved to right angle on the side opposite to the poles, parallel between them, and orthogonal to branch 151a. The ends of these segments 151f, 151g can be embedded in a part K integral with the lantern 26, this part K possibly for example the plate 37.

Pour pouvoir engager la branche 151a dans l'ouverture 152 du basculeur, on prévoit, à côté de cette ouverture 152, une ouverture auxiliaire 153 communiquant avec la précédente pour faire passer les différents coudes de la biellette 151 à travers le basculeur 49 et pour amener finalement la branche 151a dans l'ouverture 152.To be able to engage branch 151a in the opening 152 of the rocker, there is provided, next to this opening 152, an auxiliary opening 153 communicating with the previous one to pass the different rod elbows 151 through rocker 49 and to finally bring branch 151a into the opening 152.

La biellette 151 assure à la fois la fonction de la biellette 51 et la fonction des moyens élastiques J des Figs. 1 à 9.The link 151 performs both the function of the link 51 and the function of the elastic means J of Figs. 1 to 9.

La biellette 151 est avantageusement réalisée avec des fibres longitudinales à haute résistance mécanique, par exemple des fibres de verre, juxtaposées, parallèles les unes aux autres et noyées dans une matrice en matière plastique. Les fibres longitudinales assurent une élasticité en traction et en compression dans le sens vertical, au niveau des arceaux 151b, 151c. Dans les segments 151d, 151e, l'élasticité en torsion est assurée par la matrice en matière plastique.The link 151 is advantageously made with high strength longitudinal fibers mechanical, for example juxtaposed glass fibers, parallel to each other and embedded in a matrix made of plastic. Longitudinal fibers provide an elasticity in tension and compression in the direction vertical, at arches 151b, 151c. In the segments 151d, 151e, torsional elasticity is ensured by the plastic matrix.

La biellette 151 de Fig.10 permet de simplifier le système de verrouillage du type à genouillère représenté sur Fig.11. Les avantages de la réalisation des Figs. 1 à 9 sont conservés dans le dispositif de Fig. 11.The link 151 in Fig. 10 simplifies the toggle type locking system shown in Fig. 11. The advantages of the realization of Figs. 1 to 9 are kept in the device of FIG. 11.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite à propos d'un moteur hydraulique, elle peut également s'appliquer à une pompe hydraulique.Although the invention has been described in connection a hydraulic motor, it can also be applied to a hydraulic pump.

Claims (16)

  1. Differential hydraulic machine, particularly a differential hydraulic motor, comprising:
    an envelope (2);
    a differential piston (15) capable of sliding in a reciprocating movement in the envelope, the piston having two parts (15a, 15b) of different diameters capable of moving in two corresponding chambers (7, 6) of the envelope;
    hydraulic switching means (C) for supplying and evacuating the respective chambers, these switching means being driven by the piston (15) and able to adopt two stable positions relative to the piston;
    control means for an abrupt change in the position of the switching means relative to the piston, comprising elastic means (E) capable of storing energy;
    and triggering means capable, at the end of the stroke of the piston, of releasing the energy stored by the elastic means and of causing the abrupt change in position of the switching means, these triggering means comprising thrusting means which, at the end of the piston stroke, come to bear against stops which are fixed relative to the envelope,
    characterized in that:
    the switching means (C) are carried by a lantern ring (26) with a side wall (27) coaxial with the piston (15), driven by this piston but capable of adopting two different stable positions relative to the piston,
    and the elastic means (E) are arranged on the outside of the lantern ring (26) and are guided internally by the side wall (27) of this lantern ring.
  2. Machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the elastic means (E) comprise a spring (59) coaxial with the lantern ring and surrounding it.
  3. Machine according to Claim 2, characterized in that the spring (59) is a helical compression spring.
  4. Machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lantern ring (26) is guided in its lower part by a cylindrical region (18) of the differential piston.
  5. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one push-rod (60a, 60b; 62) is provided at each axial end of the lantern ring, the push-rod or push-rods (60a, 60b) of one end being independent of the push-rod or push-rods (62) of the other end of the lantern ring, these push-rods (60a, 60b; 62) bearing against the elastic means (E) and being retained axially by stops (37, 28) provided on the lantern ring (26), which guides the push-rods (60a, 60b; 62) in a translational movement.
  6. Machine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the lower push-rod (62) has a diametral crossmember (64) equipped with a rod (66) coaxial with the piston, projecting on the opposite side to the elastic means (E).
  7. Machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the rod (66) passes in sealed fashion through a transverse wall (19, 20) of the piston (15) and comes into abutment, at the bottom end of travel, against a transverse bar (67) which bears against a part (68) of the envelope.
  8. Machine according to Claim 7, characterized in that the bar (67) is mounted so that it can slide in a support (69) connected to the piston (15).
  9. Machine according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the diametral crossmember (64) is secured to a ring (65) bearing against the lower rim (28) of the lantern ring (26), this ring (65) surrounding the side wall (27) of the lantern ring which has two longitudinal guide openings (33) through which the crossmember (64) passes.
  10. Machine according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that two diametrically opposed upper push-rods (60a, 60b) are provided and are guided by the lantern ring (26), particularly by longitudinal openings (33).
  11. Machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that the lantern ring (26) has an upper plate (37) equipped, on the inside, with two diametrically opposed cutouts (38) in which the upper push-rods (60a, 60b) are engaged and slide.
  12. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching means (C) comprise valves (23, 25).
  13. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly consisting of the lantern ring (26), of the elastic means (E, 59) and of the push-rods (60a, 60b; 62) exhibits axial symmetry.
  14. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lantern ring (26) is held stable in one of its two positions relative to the piston (15) by a device (46) of the toggle-joint type, with three axes (X1, X2, X3), comprising a connecting rod (51) and a trigger (49).
  15. Machine according to Claim 14, characterized in that the connecting rod (51) is articulated (X2, 55) at one end to an upper plate (37) of the lantern ring (26) and at its other end (X3, 58a) to the trigger (49), the trigger (49) being itself articulated (X1, 50) to a component (47) connected to the piston (15).
  16. Machine according to Claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the trigger (49) comprises two diametrically opposed extensions (49b, 49a) capable of coming into abutment against a stop (48) connected to the piston, respectively above and below this stop (48) following rotation through about 180°, each extension (49b, 49a) of the trigger being capable of collaborating with a projection (63a, 64a) provided respectively on an upper push-rod (60a) and on a lower push-rod (62) so as to trip the trigger (49) when the elastic means (E, 59) are under sufficient load.
EP00900619A 1999-02-09 2000-01-20 Reciprocating differential hydraulic machine, especially a differential hydraulic machine Expired - Lifetime EP1151196B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9901482A FR2789445B1 (en) 1999-02-09 1999-02-09 DIFFERENTIAL HYDRAULIC MACHINE WITH RECIPROCATING MOTION, IN PARTICULAR DIFFERENTIAL HYDRAULIC MOTOR
FR9901482 1999-02-09
PCT/FR2000/000116 WO2000047895A1 (en) 1999-02-09 2000-01-20 Reciprocating differential hydraulic machine, especially a differential hydraulic machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1151196A1 EP1151196A1 (en) 2001-11-07
EP1151196B1 true EP1151196B1 (en) 2003-07-30

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EP00900619A Expired - Lifetime EP1151196B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2000-01-20 Reciprocating differential hydraulic machine, especially a differential hydraulic machine

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US (1) US6684753B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1151196B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002536592A (en)
AT (1) ATE246314T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60004168T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1151196T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2202036T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2789445B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1151196E (en)
WO (1) WO2000047895A1 (en)

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WO2007080251A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, with a reciprocating movement, and differential piston for such a machine
WO2007080249A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, with a recipricating movement
WO2007080250A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, and metering device comprising such a motor
WO2017064197A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-20 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine and reversible metering pump equipped with such a machine
US10197071B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2019-02-05 Dosatron International Controllable constriction device for the throat of a venturi channel for introducing a liquid additive into a stream of main liquid

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FR2847950B1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2005-01-07 Dosatron International HYDRAULIC MACHINE, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR, WITH ALTERNATIVE MOTION, AND A DOSER COMPRISING SUCH AN ENGINE
US6910405B2 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-06-28 Dosmatic Usa, Inc. On/off switch for liquid additive injection pump
FR2873172B1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2007-11-02 Dosatron Internat Sa DOSING DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING AN ADDITIVE INTO A LIQUID CURRENT
WO2008005996A2 (en) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 Stryker Corporation Medical/surgical lavage system capable of selectively and sequentially discharging either a base solution or a solution which includes a therapeutic agent
US20100051716A1 (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Walton Frank A Automated switch for liquid additive injection pump
US9079142B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-07-14 Oms Investments, Inc. Hydraulic mixing device for sprayer system
FR3120402B1 (en) 2021-03-02 2023-04-14 Dosatron International METHOD AND PROPORTIONAL DOSING PUMP WITH LOW FLOW

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FR2602282B1 (en) 1986-07-31 1988-09-23 Cloup Jean IMPROVEMENT IN DEVICES FOR INJECTING AN ADDITIVE DOSE INTO A MAIN FLUID
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FR2707350B1 (en) 1993-07-05 1995-09-01 Ody Civile Ste Rech Device for controlling the alternating movements of a differential piston, and metering pump comprising such a device.
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Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007080251A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, with a reciprocating movement, and differential piston for such a machine
WO2007080249A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, with a recipricating movement
WO2007080250A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, and metering device comprising such a motor
FR2896280A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-20 Dosatron International HYDRAULIC MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR A HYDRAULIC ENGINE, WITH ALTERNATIVE MOTION, AND DIFFERENTIAL PISTON FOR SUCH A MACHINE.
FR2896281A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-20 Dosatron International HYDRAULIC MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR A HYDRAULIC ENGINE, WITH ALTERNATIVE MOVEMENT.
FR2896279A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-20 Dosatron International HYDRAULIC MACHINE, ESPECIALLY A HYDRAULIC ENGINE, AND A DOSER COMPRISING SUCH AN ENGINE.
EA013486B1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2010-04-30 Дозатрон Энтернасьональ Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, and metering device comprising such a motor
EA013712B1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2010-06-30 Дозатрон Энтернасьональ Hydraulic machine, in particular, hydraulic motor, with a recipricating movement
CN101371040B (en) * 2006-01-13 2012-11-28 多沙特隆国际公司 Hydraulic machine, in particular hydraulic motor, with a recipricating movement
US10197071B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2019-02-05 Dosatron International Controllable constriction device for the throat of a venturi channel for introducing a liquid additive into a stream of main liquid
WO2017064197A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-20 Dosatron International Hydraulic machine and reversible metering pump equipped with such a machine
EA034841B1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2020-03-27 Дозатрон Энтернасьональ Hydraulic machine and reversible metering pump equipped with such a machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60004168T2 (en) 2004-04-15
DE60004168D1 (en) 2003-09-04
FR2789445A1 (en) 2000-08-11
EP1151196A1 (en) 2001-11-07
JP2002536592A (en) 2002-10-29
ES2202036T3 (en) 2004-04-01
PT1151196E (en) 2003-11-28
US6684753B1 (en) 2004-02-03
DK1151196T3 (en) 2003-10-27
WO2000047895A1 (en) 2000-08-17
FR2789445B1 (en) 2001-03-23
ATE246314T1 (en) 2003-08-15

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