EP1150313A2 - High-voltage insulation device - Google Patents
High-voltage insulation device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1150313A2 EP1150313A2 EP01810288A EP01810288A EP1150313A2 EP 1150313 A2 EP1150313 A2 EP 1150313A2 EP 01810288 A EP01810288 A EP 01810288A EP 01810288 A EP01810288 A EP 01810288A EP 1150313 A2 EP1150313 A2 EP 1150313A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage insulation
- insulation system
- carrier fabric
- intermediate layer
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S336/00—Inductor devices
- Y10S336/01—Superconductive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of High voltage insulation. It relates to a high voltage insulation system for the electrical insulation of components with an operating temperature below room temperature according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method its manufacture according to the preamble of the claim 8th.
- Liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) is preferably used to cool high-temperature superconductors to operating temperatures below 80 K.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage insulation system for use at temperatures below To create room temperature with a high partial discharge field strength and to specify a method for its production.
- the essence of the invention is an electrically insulating coolant in connection with solid insulation in the form of a Composite material, which is impregnated with polymer resin Includes cellulose fibers to use.
- the increased partial discharge field strength The polymer composite enables a more compact Dimension of the high voltage insulation system and thus also cost savings.
- liquid nitrogen LN 2 is used as the coolant.
- LN 2 is suitable for cooling high-temperature superconductors to an operating temperature of 77 K or less. In the area between room temperature and operating temperature, the average thermal expansion coefficient of the cellulose-polymer matrix composite is comparable to that of the high-temperature superconductor. This results in the possibility of bringing the cellulose composite and the high-temperature superconductor into direct and permanent mechanical contact without fear of damage induced by tension during cooling or heating.
- the pulp is advantageously by the solid insulator used in the form of press plates.
- the solid insulator used in the form of press plates.
- An intermediate layer from a suitable Fabric absorbs and prevents excess polymer resin the formation of a pure resin layer between the press plates.
- the method according to the invention for producing a suitable for low temperatures High voltage insulation system draws is characterized by the fact that the press plates are dry are deformed and then impregnated, i.e. with a Polymer resin are soaked. By deforming the Pressing plates are not moistened, the necessary for the subsequent impregnation, cumbersome drying is no longer necessary. This does not exist either there is a risk that the deformed press plate will dry out warped unintentionally.
- the press plates a cylindrical bobbin is formed and a superconducting Wire wrapped. Then coil formers and sheathing the winding together with polymer resin, whereby the windings are glued to the bobbin and mechanically be fixed.
- the high voltage insulation system comprises a solid insulator 2 and a fluid, i.e. liquid or gaseous coolant 3.
- the solid insulator 2 consists of a carrier fabric 20 and a polymer matrix 21.
- the matrix systems are preferably three-dimensional cross-linking Thermosets and are based, for example, on hardened Epoxy, silicon or polyester resins.
- the carrier fabric comprises 20 fibers of pulp (processed Cellulose).
- Fig.1b an arrangement is shown with a conductor 1 as Part of an electrical component to be cooled, which via leads 4 with a power supply network, not shown connected is.
- the conductor 1 is with an inventive Solid insulation 2 surrounded and in a Coolant 3 immersed. The latter is in one thermally insulating coolant tank 5.
- the conductor 1 is, for example, a high-temperature superconductor, and as such is part of a component used for energy transmission (transmission cable, transformer or current limiter).
- the planar conductor geometry shown in FIG. 1 is in no way conclusive; the conductor 1 can also be suitably curved or in the form of a wire, possibly in cooperation with a normally conducting matrix.
- substrates or normal conductive bypass layers is conceivable.
- the critical temperature of the known high-temperature superconductor materials is above 80 K, so that liquid nitrogen LN 2 with a boiling point under normal pressure of 77 K enables the use of these high-temperature superconductors.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of a ceramic superconductor is typically about 10 ⁇ 10 -6 / K, the coefficient of expansion along the plane of a polymer resin-impregnated cellulose fabric is in the range of 6-13 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
- the thermal expansion coefficients differ so little that the cellulose composite and the high-temperature superconductor contract to the same extent when they cool down to operating temperature. If both have previously been glued together at ambient temperature, for example by the polymer resin mentioned, to form a mechanical bond, then no thermomechanical stresses occur.
- Pulp is available in the form of pressed sheets with a density of ⁇ 1.2 g / cm 3 .
- Such plates can also be impregnated with polymer resins of low viscosity using suitable processes. To do this, the plates must be thoroughly dried beforehand. Plates cast in this way can take on a supporting function and, thanks to the similar thermal expansion coefficients, stabilize adjacent superconductors connected to them.
- an intermediate layer between the individual plates it is advantageous to have an intermediate layer between the individual plates to be provided, otherwise there will be excess resin as a thin pure resin layer with a thickness of ⁇ 50 ⁇ m between accumulates the plates. This leads to an inclination when cooling for delamination of the laminate.
- a material for the intermediate layer is a fabric made of cotton, Aramid or polyethylene fibers are suitable.
- FIG 2 is a superconducting coil with a schematic hollow cylindrical bobbin 6 made of a composite two layers 60, 61, which were individually formed into tubes and separated by an intermediate layer 62.
- a superconducting wire 1 ' is wound onto the coil former 6.
- the interior of the bobbin 6 and the coil surrounding outdoor space are not shown Coolant filled.
- Isolation system and in particular the solid insulator certain field-controlling properties.
- This will a material with a high dielectric constant, for example Carbon black, in powder form the polymer resin added or in tissue form as part of the intermediate layer intended. This makes the composite semiconducting Properties.
- An aluminum foil can also be used Part of the intermediate layer used for geometric field control become.
- glass fibers can be used, again either in the polymer matrix or as a glass fiber mat in the Intermediate layer. Of course, this only where none high electric fields occur and partial discharges too are to be feared.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der
Hochspannungsisolationen. Sie betrifft ein Hochspannungsisolationssystem
zur elektrischen Isolation von Komponenten
mit einer Betriebstemperatur unterhalb Raumtemperatur gemäss
dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zu
dessen Herstellung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs
8.The present invention relates to the field of
High voltage insulation. It relates to a high voltage insulation system
for the electrical insulation of components
with an operating temperature below room temperature according to
the preamble of
Für eine Verwendung im Bereich der Energieversorgung mit Systemspannungen bis 550 kV ist für elektrische Bauteile oder Komponenten, welche für einen sinngemässen Einsatz auf eine unterhalb Raumtemperatur liegende Betriebstemperatur angewiesen sind, ein tieftemperaturtaugliches Hochspannungsisolationssystem erforderlich. Dafür wird häufig eine Kombination eines Kühlmediums und einer Feststoffisolation eingesetzt. Liegen die vorgesehenen Betriebstemperaturen genügend tief, scheiden chemische Alterungsvorgänge als Degradationsmechanismen für die Feststoffisolation praktisch aus. Andererseits ergeben sich durch den Unterschied zwischen der Fertigungstemperatur und der Einsatztemperatur thermisch bedingte Spannungen im Isolationsmaterial, was bei häufigem Abkühlen und Aufwärmen zu Schäden wie Rissen oder Delaminationen führen kann. Falls die elektrischen Bauteile oder Komponenten in direktem mechanischem Kontakt zur Feststoffisolation stehen, darf zudem der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Isolation nicht allzu sehr verschieden sein von demjenigen der Komponente, um Spannungen in Letzterer zu vermeiden.For use in the area of energy supply with system voltages up to 550 kV is for electrical components or Components that are used for a corresponding purpose operating temperature below room temperature are a low-temperature compatible high-voltage insulation system required. This is often a Combination of a cooling medium and solid insulation used. Are the intended operating temperatures sufficient? deep, chemical aging processes separate as degradation mechanisms practically for solid insulation. On the other hand, the difference between the Manufacturing temperature and the operating temperature thermally conditioned Tension in the insulation material, what with frequent cooling and warming up to damage such as cracks or delamination can lead. If the electrical parts or components in direct mechanical contact for solid insulation stand, the coefficient of thermal expansion may also the isolation should not be very different from that the component to avoid tension in the latter.
Von besonderem Interesse sind elektrische Bauteile mit Komponenten auf der Basis von Hochtemperatursupraleitern, beispielsweise Kabel, Transformatoren, Strombegrenzer und dergleichen. Zur Kühlung von Hochtemperatursupraleitern auf Betriebstemperaturen unterhalb 80 K wird bevorzugt flüssiger Stickstoff (LN2) eingesetzt.Of particular interest are electrical components with components based on high-temperature superconductors, for example cables, transformers, current limiters and the like. Liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) is preferably used to cool high-temperature superconductors to operating temperatures below 80 K.
Die verwendeten Feststoffisolationen sollen meist auch eine gewisse mechanische Stabilität aufweisen und als Stütze oder Stabilisator beispielsweise für Komponenten aus einem keramischen Hochtemperatursupraleitermaterial wirken können. Unter diesen Umständen fallen Isolationen aus Polymerfolien oder Kraftpapier ausser Betracht. Mechanisch beanspruchbare Isolationskomponenten werden üblicherweise aus glasfaserverstärkten Faserverbundwerkstoffen hergestellt. Letztere enthalten eine Polymermatrix aus ausgehärtetem Epoxidharz und Glasoder Kohlefasern als verstärkendem Trägermaterial. Glasfaserhaltige Faserverbundstoffe weisen allerdings bei 77 K eine geringe Teilentladungsfeldstärke (partial discharge inception field) von ≈ 1 kV/mm auf, und selbst unter Verwendung spezieller Vakuum-Druck Imprägnierverfahren zum Vergiessen der Harzmasse lassen sich bestenfalls ≈ 4 kV/mm erzielen. Entsprechend darf die Isolation zur Vermeidung zu grosser Feldstärken eine gewisse Mindestdicke nicht unterschreiten, was Bestrebungen bezüglich einer kompakten Abmessung zuwiderläuft.The solid insulation used mostly should also be one have certain mechanical stability and as a support or Stabilizer, for example, for components made of a ceramic High temperature superconductor material can act. Under Insulations made of polymer films or fall under these circumstances Kraft paper out of consideration. Insulation components that can be mechanically stressed are usually made of glass fiber reinforced Fiber composite materials manufactured. The latter included a polymer matrix made of hardened epoxy resin and glass or Carbon fibers as a reinforcing carrier material. Glass fiber However, fiber composites have a temperature of 77 K. low partial discharge field strength (partial discharge inception field) from ≈ 1 kV / mm, and even using special Vacuum pressure impregnation process for casting Resin mass can be achieved at best ≈ 4 kV / mm. Corresponding isolation to avoid excessive field strengths a certain minimum thickness, what Efforts towards a compact size run counter to this.
Zur Isolierung von Transformatoren finden häufig aus Zellstoff hergestellte Pressplatten Verwendung, welche beispielsweise unter dem Namen "Transformerboard" verbreitet sind. Diese sind in Dicken ab 0.5 mm bis einigen mm und in laminierter und verklebter Form bis über 100 mm erhältlich. In der US 3,710,293 ist ein Isolationssystem aus Schichten von Pressplatten und Kraftpapier offenbart, welche mit einem thermoplastischen Harz vergossen sind. Alternativ dazu werden in ölgekühlten Transformatoren mit Öl imprägnierte Feststoffisolationen aus Zellstoffpapier als Barrieren zwischen benachbarten Wicklungslagen eingesetzt. Vorgängig müssen diese durch ein aufwändiges Ausheiz- und Vakuumverfahren getrocknet werden. Dies soll verhindern, dass das Zellulosematerial Wasser an das Öl abgibt und so dessen dielektrischen Eigenschaften herabsetzt.To isolate transformers are often made from pulp manufactured press plates use which, for example are common under the name "Transformerboard". These are in thicknesses from 0.5 mm to a few mm and in laminated and glued form available up to over 100 mm. In US 3,710,293 is an insulation system made of layers of Press plates and kraft paper revealed, which with a thermoplastic resin are potted. Alternatively, be in oil-cooled transformers with oil-impregnated solid insulation made of cellulose paper as a barrier between neighboring ones Winding layers used. This must be done beforehand dried by a complex baking and vacuum process become. This is to prevent the cellulosic water gives off to the oil and thus its dielectric properties belittles.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Hochspannungsisolationssystem für einen Einsatz bei Temperaturen unterhalb Raumtemperatur mit hoher Teilentladungsfeldstärke zu schaffen, sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung anzugeben.The object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage insulation system for use at temperatures below To create room temperature with a high partial discharge field strength and to specify a method for its production.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch ein Hochspannungsisolationssystem
mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren
mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 8 gelöst.These tasks are accomplished through a high voltage insulation system
with the features of
Kern der Erfindung ist es, ein elektrisch isolierendes Kühlmittel in Verbindung mit einer Feststoffisolation in Form eines Verbundmaterials, welches mit Polymerharz imprägnierte Zellstofffasern umfasst, einzusetzen. Die erhöhte Teilentladungsfeldstärke des Polymerverbundes ermöglicht eine kompaktere Abmessung des Hochspannungsisolationssystems und somit auch Kosteneinsparungen.The essence of the invention is an electrically insulating coolant in connection with solid insulation in the form of a Composite material, which is impregnated with polymer resin Includes cellulose fibers to use. The increased partial discharge field strength The polymer composite enables a more compact Dimension of the high voltage insulation system and thus also cost savings.
Gemäss einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird als Kühlmittel flüssiger Stickstoff LN2 eingesetzt. LN2 ist geeignet zur Kühlung von Hochtemperatursupraleitern auf eine Betriebstemperatur von 77 K oder weniger. Im Bereich zwischen Raum- und Betriebstemperatur ist der mittlere thermische Expansionskoeffizient des Zellstoff-Polymermatrixverbundes mit demjenigen des Hochtemperatursupraleiters vergleichbar. Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den Zellstoffverbund und den Hochtemperatursupraleiter in direkten und dauerhaften mechanischen Kontakt zu bringen, ohne dass beim Abkühlen oder Aufwärmen durch Spannungen induzierte Schäden befürchtet werden müssen.According to a first preferred embodiment, liquid nitrogen LN 2 is used as the coolant. LN 2 is suitable for cooling high-temperature superconductors to an operating temperature of 77 K or less. In the area between room temperature and operating temperature, the average thermal expansion coefficient of the cellulose-polymer matrix composite is comparable to that of the high-temperature superconductor. This results in the possibility of bringing the cellulose composite and the high-temperature superconductor into direct and permanent mechanical contact without fear of damage induced by tension during cooling or heating.
Zur mechanischen Stützung der Hochtemperatursupraleiterkeramik durch den Feststoffisolator wird der Zellstoff vorteilhafterweise in Form von Pressplatten eingesetzt. Zur Erreichung von höheren Dicken und weiter verbesserter mechanischer Stabilität können mehrere dünne, einzeln verformbare Platten laminiert werden. Eine Zwischenschicht aus einem geeigneten Gewebe nimmt überschüssiges Polymerharz auf und verhindert die Ausbildung einer Reinharzschicht zwischen den Pressplatten.For mechanical support of high-temperature superconductor ceramics the pulp is advantageously by the solid insulator used in the form of press plates. To achieve of higher thicknesses and further improved mechanical Stability can be several thin, individually deformable plates be laminated. An intermediate layer from a suitable Fabric absorbs and prevents excess polymer resin the formation of a pure resin layer between the press plates.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zur Herstellung eines tieftemperaturtauglichen Hochspannungsisolationssystems zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Pressplatten in trockenem Zustand verformt werden und anschliessend imprägniert, d.h. mit einem Polymerharz getränkt werden. Indem bei einer Verformung der Pressplatten auf eine Befeuchtung derselben verzichtet wird, wird auch die für die nachfolgende Imprägnierung notwendige, umständliche Trocknung hinfällig. Dadurch besteht auch nicht die Gefahr, dass die verformte Pressplatte sich beim Trocknen ungewollt verzieht.The method according to the invention for producing a suitable for low temperatures High voltage insulation system draws is characterized by the fact that the press plates are dry are deformed and then impregnated, i.e. with a Polymer resin are soaked. By deforming the Pressing plates are not moistened, the necessary for the subsequent impregnation, cumbersome drying is no longer necessary. This does not exist either there is a risk that the deformed press plate will dry out warped unintentionally.
Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird aus den Pressplatten ein zylindrischer Spulenkörper geformt und darauf ein supraleitender Draht aufgewickelt. Anschliessend werden Spulenkörper und Wicklung miteinander mit Polymerharz vergossen, wodurch die Wicklungen auf den Spulenkörper geklebt und mechanisch fixiert werden.According to a further embodiment, the press plates a cylindrical bobbin is formed and a superconducting Wire wrapped. Then coil formers and sheathing the winding together with polymer resin, whereby the windings are glued to the bobbin and mechanically be fixed.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen gehen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen hervor. Advantageous embodiments are derived from the dependent claims forth.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen
im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es
zeigen
Die in den Zeichnungen verwendeten Bezugszeichen sind in der Bezugszeichenliste zusammengefasst. Grundsätzlich sind gleiche Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.The reference numerals used in the drawings are in the List of reference symbols summarized. Basically they are the same Provide parts with the same reference numerals.
In Fig.1a ist ein erfindungsgemässes Hochspannungsisolationssystem
zusammen mit einem sich auf hohem elektrischem Potential
befindlichen Leiter 1 dargestellt. Der Leiter 1 ist Teil
eines elektrischen Bauteils, welches zur Entfaltung seiner
vorgesehenen Wirkungsweise gekühlt werden muss auf eine Betriebstemperatur,
welche unterhalb der Umgebungs- oder Raumtemperatur
(20-25°C) liegt. Das Hochspannungsisolationssystem
umfasst einen Feststoffisolator 2 und ein fluides, d.h. flüssiges
oder gasförmiges Kühlmittel 3. Der Feststoffisolator 2
besteht aus einem Trägergewebe 20 und einer Polymermatrix 21.
Die Matrixsysteme sind vorzugsweise dreidimensional vernetzende
Duroplaste und basieren beispielsweise auf ausgehärteten
Epoxid-, Silizium- oder Polyesterharzen. Erfindungsgemäss
umfasst das Trägergewebe 20 Fasern aus Zellstoff (verarbeiteter
Zellulose). 1a shows a high-voltage insulation system according to the invention
together with one on high electrical potential
located
In Fig.1b ist eine Anordnung gezeigt mit einem Leiter 1 als
Bestandteil einer zu kühlenden elektrischen Komponente, welche
über Zuleitungen 4 mit einem nicht dargestellten Stromversorgungsnetz
verbunden ist. Der Leiter 1 ist mit einer erfindungsgemässen
Feststoffisolation 2 umgeben und in eine
Kühlflüssigkeit 3 eingetaucht. Letztere befindet sich in einem
thermisch isolierenden Kühlmittelbehälter 5.In Fig.1b an arrangement is shown with a
Im Stand der Technik werden im Hinblick auf die erzielbaren mechanischen Eigenschaften Glasfasern eingesetzt und mit dem Polymerharz imprägniert. Der Grund für die eingangs erwähnte bescheidene Teilentladungsfeldstärke von weniger als 4 kV/mm von imprägnierten Glasfasern liegt bei der notwendigen Beschichtung der Glasfasern, welche eine vollständige Benetzung der Fasern mit Harz verhindert. Dadurch entstehen mikroskopisch kleine Hohlräume an den Fasern, in welchen Teilentladungen stattfinden, was wiederum zu einer beschleunigten Alterung der Glasfaserisolation führt. Demgegenüber lassen sich mit polymerharz-imprägniertem Zellstoff bei einer Temperatur von 77 K Teilentladungsfeldstärken von bis zu 10 kV/mm erreichen, weil die Zellstofffasern besser imprägnierbar sind und sich keine Hohlräume bilden.In the prior art, with regard to the achievable mechanical properties glass fibers used and with the Impregnated with polymer resin. The reason for the aforementioned modest partial discharge field strength of less than 4 kV / mm of impregnated glass fibers is the necessary coating of the glass fibers, which is a complete wetting which prevents fibers with resin. This creates microscopic small voids on the fibers, in which partial discharges take place, which in turn accelerates aging of fiber optic insulation. In contrast, with polymer resin-impregnated pulp at one temperature of 77 K partial discharge field strengths of up to 10 kV / mm, because the pulp fibers are more impregnable and no voids form.
Der Leiter 1 ist beispielsweise ein Hochtemperatursupraleiter,
und als solcher Teil eines zur Energieübertragung
eingesetzten Bauteils (Übertragungskabel, Transformator oder
Strombegrenzer). Die in Fig.1 gezeigte planare Leitergeometrie
ist keinesfalls abschliessend, der Leiter 1 kann auch
geeignet gekrümmt sein oder in Form eines Drahtes, eventuell
in Zusammenwirkung mit einer normalleitenden Matrix, vorliegen.
Im Weiteren ist der Einsatz von Substraten oder normalleitenden
Bypass-Schichten denkbar. Die kritische Temperatur
der bekannten Hochtemperatursupraleitermaterialien liegt
oberhalb von 80 K, so dass als Kühlmittel flüssiger Stickstoff
LN2 mit einem Siedepunkt unter Normaldruck von 77 K den
Einsatz ebendieser Hochtemperatursupraleiter ermöglicht. The
Der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient eines keramischen Supraleiters beträgt typischerweise etwa 10·10-6/K, der Ausdehnungskoeffizient entlang der Ebene eines polymerharzimprägnierten Zellstoffgewebes liegt im Bereich von 6-13·10-6/K. Die thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten unterscheiden sich also so wenig, dass sich bei einer Abkühlung auf Betriebstemperatur der Zellstoffverbund und der Hochtemperatursupraleiter im gleichen Masse zusammenziehen. Sind beide vorgängig bei Umgebungstemperatur beispielsweise durch das genannte Polymerharz zu einem mechanischen Verbund verklebt worden, treten somit keine thermomechanischen Spannungen auf.The coefficient of thermal expansion of a ceramic superconductor is typically about 10 · 10 -6 / K, the coefficient of expansion along the plane of a polymer resin-impregnated cellulose fabric is in the range of 6-13 · 10 -6 / K. The thermal expansion coefficients differ so little that the cellulose composite and the high-temperature superconductor contract to the same extent when they cool down to operating temperature. If both have previously been glued together at ambient temperature, for example by the polymer resin mentioned, to form a mechanical bond, then no thermomechanical stresses occur.
Zellstoff ist unter anderem gepresst in Form von Pressplatten mit einer Dichte von ≈ 1.2 g/cm3 erhältlich. Auch derartige Platten können mittels geeigneter Verfahren mit Polymerharzen geringer Viskosität imprägniert werden. Dazu müssen die Platten vorgängig ausführlich getrocknet werden. Derartig vergossene Platten können eine Stützfunktion übernehmen und Dank der ähnlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten an sie anschliessende benachbarte Supraleiter stabilisieren.Pulp is available in the form of pressed sheets with a density of ≈ 1.2 g / cm 3 . Such plates can also be impregnated with polymer resins of low viscosity using suitable processes. To do this, the plates must be thoroughly dried beforehand. Plates cast in this way can take on a supporting function and, thanks to the similar thermal expansion coefficients, stabilize adjacent superconductors connected to them.
Einzelne Platten mit geringer Dicke können in gewissem Umfang verformt werden, wobei dies normalerweise in angefeuchtetem Zustand geschieht. Problematisch ist hierbei, dass beim anschliessenden Trocknungsvorgang die verformte Platte ihre Geometrie wieder ändert, also eine gewisse Formunbeständigkeit auftritt. Bei einer trockenen Verformung ist kein beliebig kleiner Krümmungsradius möglich, für eine Plattendicke von 1 mm ist ein Krümmungsradius erreichbar, welcher im Minimum 15 cm beträgt. Verformte oder plane Einzelplatten können zu Laminaten zusammengefügt und anschliessend imprägniert werden.Individual sheets of small thickness can to some extent be deformed, this being usually in damp State happens. The problem here is that the subsequent Drying the deformed plate Geometry changes again, i.e. a certain lack of shape occurs. In the case of a dry deformation, none is arbitrary Small radius of curvature possible, for one plate thickness A radius of curvature of 1 mm can be achieved, which is at a minimum Is 15 cm. Deformed or flat single panels can assembled into laminates and then impregnated become.
Dazu ist es vorteilhaft, zwischen den Einzelplatten eine Zwischenschicht vorzusehen, da sich sonst überschüssiges Harz als dünne Reinharzschicht mit einer Dicke von < 50µm zwischen den Platten ansammelt. Beim Abkühlen führt dies zu einer Neigung zur Delamination des Laminats. Als Material für die Zwischenschicht ist beispielsweise ein Gewebe aus Baumwolle, Aramid- oder Polyethylenfasern geeignet.For this purpose, it is advantageous to have an intermediate layer between the individual plates to be provided, otherwise there will be excess resin as a thin pure resin layer with a thickness of <50µm between accumulates the plates. This leads to an inclination when cooling for delamination of the laminate. As a material for the intermediate layer is a fabric made of cotton, Aramid or polyethylene fibers are suitable.
In Fig.2 ist schematisch eine supraleitende Spule mit einem
hohlzylinderförmigen Spulenkörper 6 aus einem Komposit mit
zwei Schichten 60, 61, welche einzeln zu Rohren geformt wurden
und durch eine Zwischenschicht 62 getrennt sind, gezeigt.
Auf den Spulenkörper 6 ist ein supraleitender Draht 1' aufgewickelt.
Der Innenraum des Spulenkörpers 6 sowie der die Spule
umgebende Aussenraum sind mit einem nicht dargestellten
Kühlmittel gefüllt. Bei der Herstellung der Spule ist es vorteilhaft,
den Imprägnierprozess, d.h. das Vergiessen der Spule
erst nach dem Aufwickeln des Drahtes 1' vorzunehmen, weil
dadurch der Draht 1' zusätzlich auf dem Spulenkörper 6 fixiert
wird.In Figure 2 is a superconducting coil with a schematic
hollow cylindrical bobbin 6 made of a composite
two
Da bei Hochspannungskomponenten unweigerlich das Problem einer Feldüberhöhung des elektrischen Feldes bei Kanten, Durchführungen und dergleichen auftritt, ist es vorteilhaft, das Isolationssystem und insbesondere den Feststoffisolator mit gewissen feldsteuernden Eigenschaften zu versehen. Dazu wird ein Material mit einer hohen Dielektrizitätskonstanten, beispielsweise Russ (carbon black), in Pulverform dem Polymerharz zugegeben oder in Gewebeform als Teil der Zwischenschicht vorgesehen. Dadurch werden dem Komposit halbleitende Eigenschaften verliehen. Ebenso kann eine Aluminiumfolie als Teil der Zwischenschicht zur geometrischen Feldsteuerung eingesetzt werden.Because the problem of a high-voltage component is inevitable Elevation of the electrical field at edges, bushings and the like occurs, it is advantageous that Isolation system and in particular the solid insulator certain field-controlling properties. This will a material with a high dielectric constant, for example Carbon black, in powder form the polymer resin added or in tissue form as part of the intermediate layer intended. This makes the composite semiconducting Properties. An aluminum foil can also be used Part of the intermediate layer used for geometric field control become.
Sollte eine zusätzliche mechanische Verstärkung gewünscht werden, können weiter Glasfasern eingesetzt werden, wiederum entweder in der Polymermatrix oder als Glasfasermatte in der Zwischenschicht. Dies selbstverständlich nur dort, wo keine hohen elektrischen Felder auftreten und Teilentladungen zu befürchten sind.Should additional mechanical reinforcement be desired glass fibers can be used, again either in the polymer matrix or as a glass fiber mat in the Intermediate layer. Of course, this only where none high electric fields occur and partial discharges too are to be feared.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE
- 1,1'
- Leiter, Wicklung
- 2
- Feststoffisolator
- 20
- Trägergewebe
- 21
- Matrix
- 3
- Kühlmittel
- 4
- Zuleitungen
- 5
- Kühlmittelbehälter
- 6
- Spulenkörper
- 60,61
- Gerollte Pressplatten
- 62
- Zwischenschicht
- 1.1 '
- Conductor, winding
- 2
- Solid insulator
- 20th
- Carrier fabric
- 21
- matrix
- 3rd
- Coolant
- 4th
- Supply lines
- 5
- Coolant tank
- 6
- Bobbin
- 60.61
- Rolled press plates
- 62
- Intermediate layer
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trägergewebe (20) Zellstoff umfasst.High-voltage insulation system for the electrical insulation of components with an operating temperature below ambient temperature, comprising a coolant (3) and a solid (2) with a hardened polymer matrix (21) and a carrier fabric (20),
characterized in that the carrier fabric (20) comprises cellulose.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Zellstoff enthaltendes Trägergewebe (20) als Pressplatte in trockenem Zustand verformt und anschliessend mit einem Polymerharz imprägniert wird.Method for producing a high-voltage insulation system comprising a coolant (3) and a solid (2) with a hardened polymer matrix (21) and a carrier fabric (20),
characterized in that a cellulose-containing carrier fabric (20) is deformed as a press plate in the dry state and is subsequently impregnated with a polymer resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10020228 | 2000-04-25 | ||
| DE10020228A DE10020228A1 (en) | 2000-04-25 | 2000-04-25 | High voltage insulation system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1150313A2 true EP1150313A2 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| EP1150313A3 EP1150313A3 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| EP1150313B1 EP1150313B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
Family
ID=7639873
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01810288A Expired - Lifetime EP1150313B1 (en) | 2000-04-25 | 2001-03-21 | High-voltage insulation device |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6791033B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1150313B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001357733A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE393456T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2344771A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10020228A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2279727C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014001223A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | Wicor Holding Ag | Insulation element for electrical insulation in the high-voltage range |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002033369A1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-25 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Apparatus for measuring temperatures of a wafer using specular reflection spectroscopy |
| FR2924894B1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-12-10 | Eads Europ Aeronautic Defence | PIECES OF ELECTRO-STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
| KR101404534B1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-06-09 | 가부시키가이샤후지쿠라 | Oxide superconducting wire material and superconducting coil |
| DE102013205585A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cellulosic material with impregnation and use of this cellulosic material |
| EP3059739A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-24 | Wicor Holding AG | Insulation element with low electrical conductivity for electrical isolation in the high voltage range |
| DE102018213661A1 (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Winding arrangement with field smoothing and reinforcement |
| RU195807U1 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-05 | Закрытое акционерное общество "СуперОкс" (ЗАО "СуперОкс") | HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT LIMITING DEVICE |
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| US3710293A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1973-01-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Insulating member for transformer coils |
| DE2327629A1 (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1974-12-12 | Siemens Ag | FEED-THROUGH INSULATOR FOR HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
| DE4403288A1 (en) * | 1993-09-18 | 1995-03-23 | Richard Gallina | Composite-material panel |
| EP0971368A1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-12 | Pirelli Cables and Systems LLC | Semiconductive material, method for producing it and cable jacketed with it |
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| US3775719A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1973-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Solid insulation for electrical apparatus |
| US3931027A (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1976-01-06 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Cellulose material treated with a thermosetting resin and having improved physical properties at elevated temperatures |
| SE383057B (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-02-23 | Asea Ab | INSULATION CABLE INCLUDING SEVERAL STOCK PAPERBAND |
| FR2358271A1 (en) * | 1976-07-12 | 1978-02-10 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | FIRE-RESISTANT LAMINATES FOR THE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY |
| US4146858A (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1979-03-27 | The Boeing Company | Coil assembly for an electromagnetic high energy impact apparatus |
| US4447796A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1984-05-08 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Self-adjusting spacer |
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| EP0757363A3 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-06-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Composite insulation |
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| US6514610B2 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2003-02-04 | Fuji Spinning Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing improved regenerated cellulose fiber |
-
2000
- 2000-04-25 DE DE10020228A patent/DE10020228A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-03-21 DE DE50113876T patent/DE50113876D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-21 AT AT01810288T patent/ATE393456T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-21 EP EP01810288A patent/EP1150313B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-18 JP JP2001119185A patent/JP2001357733A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-20 CA CA002344771A patent/CA2344771A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-24 RU RU2001111395/09A patent/RU2279727C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 US US09/841,082 patent/US6791033B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US3710293A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1973-01-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Insulating member for transformer coils |
| DE2327629A1 (en) * | 1973-05-30 | 1974-12-12 | Siemens Ag | FEED-THROUGH INSULATOR FOR HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
| DE4403288A1 (en) * | 1993-09-18 | 1995-03-23 | Richard Gallina | Composite-material panel |
| EP0971368A1 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-12 | Pirelli Cables and Systems LLC | Semiconductive material, method for producing it and cable jacketed with it |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014001223A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | Wicor Holding Ag | Insulation element for electrical insulation in the high-voltage range |
| EP2867012B2 (en) † | 2012-06-29 | 2020-07-22 | Weidmann Holding AG | Isolation element for electrical isolation in the high voltage range |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1150313A3 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
| EP1150313B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
| RU2279727C2 (en) | 2006-07-10 |
| DE50113876D1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
| US20010047879A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
| CA2344771A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
| JP2001357733A (en) | 2001-12-26 |
| DE10020228A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| ATE393456T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| US6791033B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
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