EP1150073B1 - Heat storing fireplace - Google Patents

Heat storing fireplace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1150073B1
EP1150073B1 EP01660025A EP01660025A EP1150073B1 EP 1150073 B1 EP1150073 B1 EP 1150073B1 EP 01660025 A EP01660025 A EP 01660025A EP 01660025 A EP01660025 A EP 01660025A EP 1150073 B1 EP1150073 B1 EP 1150073B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
fireplace
flue
smoke
storing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01660025A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1150073A2 (en
EP1150073A3 (en
Inventor
Juhani Lehikoinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nunnanlahden Uuni Oy
Original Assignee
Nunnanlahden Uuni Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nunnanlahden Uuni Oy filed Critical Nunnanlahden Uuni Oy
Publication of EP1150073A2 publication Critical patent/EP1150073A2/en
Publication of EP1150073A3 publication Critical patent/EP1150073A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1150073B1 publication Critical patent/EP1150073B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/20—Ranges
    • F24B1/24—Ranges with built-in masses for heat storage or heat insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat storing fireplace as defined in the preamble of claim 1. represented by EP-A-747 637 .
  • the firebox narrows somewhat in its upper part, forming an upward leading smoke flue or secondary combustion space.
  • This space or flue normally extends in a relatively open and unchanged form to the upper part of the fireplace, from where it is either connected directly to the chimney or from where the flue bends to the sides of the fireplace to form downward leading side flues.
  • a smoke flue leading upward from the firebox only expands in the upper part of the fireplace, forming a secondary combustion space.
  • the object of the invention is to disclose a new type of fireplace smoke flue structure.
  • a specific object of the invention is to disclose a smoke flue structure that allows a maximal efficiency of heat transfer to heat storing mass, thus improving the heat storing properties of the fireplace and its efficiency of heat storage.
  • the hottest areas during combustion are at a lower height level than in traditional fireplace constructions. Therefore, the upper part or throat of the fireplace or the first end of the smoke flue is subjected to the most intensive heat stress.
  • the inner circumference of the smoke flue leading upward from the firebox of the heat-storing fireplace increases from the firebox toward the chimney while at the same time the cross-sectional area of the smoke flue is either constant or decreasing.
  • the rate of flow of the flue gases remaining the same or increasing, the area of heat transfer from the flue gases into the heat storing mass increases as the temperature of the flue gases decreases.
  • the cross-sectional area of the flue gas flow decreases continuously from the firebox toward the chimney over the stretch in question.
  • the amount of heat storing mass surrounding the smoke flue is either uniformly or gradually increasing from the firebox toward the chimney.
  • the fireplace of the invention preferably comprises a throat, i.e. a steeply narrowing space above the firebox, after which the smoke flue stretch according to the invention starts.
  • the draft size is generally first reduced by 40-60 %, so the heat conducting surface in the throat is as small as possible and the flow of hot flue gases is fast.
  • the thickness of the heat storing mass is at a maximum in relation to the heat transfer area.
  • the said stretch according to the invention equals at least 30%, preferably over 50% and even 70 - 80 % of the length of the smoke flue leading upward above the firebox in the fireplace.
  • the upper part of the smoke flue is provided with one or more partitions consisting of heat storing mass and placed above the stretch according to the invention and possibly also partially within said stretch, said partitions being oriented in a substantially vertical direction and extending in the widthwise direction of the fireplace, i.e. placed side by side in the depthwise direction of the fireplace.
  • These partitions divide the upper part of the smoke flue into at least two and preferably three or more parallel smoke flues. In this way, a larger heat transfer surface which is in contact with hot flue gases can be created in the heat storing mass.
  • the partitions in question preferably divide the entire upper part of the fireplace, i.e. the space under the fire top, into a number of smoke flues laid parallelly in the direction of flow.
  • the partitions in the upper part of the fireplace extend to the edges of the fireplace and downward along the side flues so that they form in the side flues either completely separate collateral flues or flues partially separated from each other.
  • said partitions may divide the side flues in tall fireplaces e.g. down to about the level of the upper part of the firebox, and in low types of fireplace the partitions may extend even down to the level of the grate.
  • the downward extent of the partitions in the side flues can be defined separately for each fireplace so that the flue gases will not become too cool before flowing out of the fireplace into the chimney.
  • the invention has been described above mainly with reference to a fireplace construction comprising side flues, in which case the flue gases are passed into the chimney via the lower part of the fireplace.
  • the invention can also be implemented as an embodiment in which the chimney duct is located in the upper part of the fireplace either in the back wall of the fireplace or going upward through the top. In this case, no side flues are needed in the fireplace and the fireplace can be made narrower or the heat storing mass on the sides can be increased.
  • the upward leading smoke flue need not be provided with a bend into a side flue in the upper part of the fireplace near the fire top, the certain smoke flue stretch according to the invention can easily be made longer with the same fireplace height while at the same time making it more efficient in operation.
  • the smoke flue stretch according to the invention practically extends all the way from the firebox or throat directly to the chimney duct.
  • the heat transfer area per unit of length of the smoke flue as well as the heat storing mass can be increased at the upper end of the smoke flue by multiple times as compared with the starting end of the smoke flue.
  • the fireplace comprises a dividing partition placed in the upward leading smoke flue, said partition dividing the smoke flue as seen from the front into two adjacent smoke flues, a left-hand smoke flue and right-hand smoke flue.
  • the dividing partition may begin from a point near the firebox, from the level of the throat or a somewhat higher level in the smoke flue, and it preferably extends up to the fire top.
  • the dividing partition divides the smoke flue into two completely separate parts. As the dividing partition begins from a level just above the firebox, this provides additional heat storing mass in the hottest part of the firebox.
  • Both the left and the right smoke flues are provided with a certain stretch according to the invention, where the heat transfer area per unit of length of the smoke flue increases as the temperature decreases.
  • the smoke flue in the upper part of the fireplace expands so that both the cross-sectional area and the heat storing area per unit of length of the smoke flue increase. In this way, after the flue gases have cooled down significantly, their flow rate is reduced, which means that, in spite of a smaller temperature difference, thermal energy from the flue gases can be more effectively stored in the surrounding mass.
  • the fireplace construction of the invention has significant advantages as compared with prior art.
  • the heat storing mass is not subjected to an excessive heat load immediately after the combustion; instead, the entire heat storing mass above the firebox is heated as uniformly as possible as the heat flow is substantially equal in the whole area of the heat storing mass.
  • the heat conduction properties of the material can be more effectively utilized, with the result that the heat loads and thermal expansions are uniform and no significant displacements or tensions occur in the structures. Due to the effective heat transfer, the efficiency of the fireplace is substantially improved as compared with prior art.
  • the external surface of the fireplace does not become too hot and the fireplace causes no excessive heating of the chimney and other structures connected to it, which is of essential importance in regard of fire safety.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a heat-storing fireplace according to the invention, which is preferably entirely made of soapstone elements except for the grate and other metal parts, which is a technique known in itself.
  • the fireplace comprises a firebox 1 placed above the grate 15 and becoming narrower at the throat 5, forming an upward leading smoke flue 2.
  • the smoke flue 2 as well as the firebox 1 are surrounded at their sides by heat storing masses 3 and, similarly, the fireplace has heat storing masses at the back of the firebox 1 and on the front and back sides of the smoke flue, said masses defining the firebox and smoke flue in a manner known in itself.
  • the smoke flue 2 bends to both sides, forming downward leading side flues 7.
  • the shell of the fireplace consists of side walls 8, a capping piece 10 above the fire top 6 and insulating material 9, and front and back walls known in themselves, which are not shown in the drawing.
  • the side walls 8 consist of a double stone 16 and a surface stone 17 as is known in prior art.
  • the flues in the fireplace are constructed as follows.
  • the levels at which the cross-sections in Fig. 2 - 8 have been taken are indicated on the left-hand side of Fig. 1.
  • the cross-sectional views also present the masses surrounding them and forming the shell of the fireplace as these play a significant role regarding overall heat flow and heat storage.
  • the firebox 1 is placed centrally between heat storing masses 3.
  • Placed on the other side of the heat storing masses 3 are side flues 7. All these are surrounded by double stone 16, with surface stone 17 covering its outer surface and forming the shell of the fireplace.
  • the firebox narrows in the throat 5 to form a narrower smoke flue 2, i.e. the heat storing masses 3 are thicker in the widthwise direction of the fireplace.
  • its cross-sectional area equals about 15 units and its inner circumference about 16 units.
  • the heat storing masses 3 have been made narrower from the side of the side flues 7 so that the cross-sectional area of the side flues has increased by about 50%. The significance of this will be described later on.
  • the certain smoke flue stretch 4 begins to be formed.
  • parts 11 begin to project from the edges of the smoke flue 2 in a smooth and stepless manner toward each other so that the cross-section becomes a toothed pattern which grows upward in the smoke flue.
  • the cross-sectional area decreases.
  • the cross-sectional area equals about 13 units and the circumference about 20 units.
  • the structure may also be formed in a stepwise manner, in which case e.g. the soapstone elements used may be rectangular parallelopipeds of different sizes.
  • the toothed pattern has become still larger, having a cross-sectional area of about 12 units and a circumference of about 22 units, while the cross-sectional areas of the side flues 7 remain constant.
  • the width of the smoke flues 2 increases further as the partitions extend upward to the fire top 6.
  • the partitions 13 divide the space below the fire top 6 into three separate smoke flues 2 placed side by side as seen in the direction of flow.
  • the circumference of the smoke flues 2 now equals about 36 units and the area about 15 units.
  • the partitions 13 form three separate smoke flues 2 placed side by side in the direction of flow of the flue gases, each smoke flue extending through the entire width of the fireplace.
  • the side flues 7 on both sides of the firebox are divided by the partitions 13 into three separate side flues down to the level of the throat 5.
  • the lower ends of the partitions 13 are at the level of the throat 5, and from here downward continuous side flues are formed on both sides of the fireplace.
  • the side flues meet in the lower part of the fireplace in a manner known in itself, conveying the flue gases into the chimney.
  • the side flues 7 expand inward, i.e. toward the heat storing mass 3, between the section planes presented in Fig. 2 and 3.
  • the expanded side flue extends all the way to the top.
  • the heat transfer surface toward the heat storing mass 3 is also increased. Therefore, the heat transfer area toward the interior mass in the side flue is clearly larger than the corresponding area toward the shell, which means that heat is more effectively transferred toward the interior mass, especially because the amount of heat storing mass is greater in the interior parts and the temperature difference is greater during the early part of a heating spell. Due to this construction, the outer surface is not heated too much and the heat emission time is prolonged as the heat is stored inside the fireplace rather than in the surface layer.
  • the above-described construction according to the invention comprises in the smoke flue from the throat upwards a new type of structural stretch where the circumference of the cross-section increases while the cross-sectional area decreases or remains constant.
  • the amount of heat storing mass surrounding the rising smoke flue increases.
  • a fast and even substantially constant rate of heat storage per unit of length of the smoke flue can be maintained although the temperature of the flue gases naturally falls at the same time. Therefore, in the inventive construction, the heat energy contained in the flue gases is transferred into the surrounding heat storing mass more effectively and faster than in traditional fireplace constructions.
  • the efficiency and speed of the heat storing process can be varied by varying the number of parallel smoke flues used, both in the rising smoke flue, in the space below the fire top and in the side flues.
  • the heat transfer area can be tripled or quadrupled by simultaneously increasing the amount of heat storing mass. In this way, the heat storing properties of a fireplace type can be varied without changing the external dimensions or form of the fireplace.
  • Fig. 10 presents in the same fireplace two embodiments of the invention slightly differing from each other, separated from each other with a broken line.
  • the fireplace substantially corresponds to the one in Fig. 1 and it comprises a shell consisting of surface stone 17 and double stone 16 on the sides and a fire top 6, insulating material 9 and a capping piece 10 on the top.
  • the throat 5 narrows both on the lateral sides and on the front and back sides of the firebox.
  • the firebox 1 At the edges of the firebox 1 there are heat storing masses 3 which extend upward to a level close to the fire top 6. In the depthwise direction of the fireplace, the masses 3 extend from the front part of the shell to its back. Between the masses 3 and the lateral parts of the shell, side flues 7 are formed which convey the flue gases downward toward a chimney duct in the lower part of the fireplace. Disposed in the smoke flue between the masses 3 is a dividing partition 18 extending from the fire top 6 nearly to the level of the throat 5.
  • the dividing partition 18 is made of heat storing mass and extends in the depthwise direction from the front part of the shell to its back. It divides the smoke flue leading upward from the firebox into two separate flues, a right-hand smoke flue 19 and a left-hand smoke flue 20.
  • the left-hand smoke flue 20 is provided with an inventive structure as presented in Fig. 1, in which a partition 13 growing from the mass 3 increases the heat storing mass and the heat storing area per unit of length of the smoke flue.
  • Depicted in the right-hand smoke flue 19 is another embodiment, in which a partition 13 begins to develop continuously from both sides of the smoke flue, i.e. both from the heat storing mass 3 and from the dividing partition 18.
  • the dividing partition 18 in this embodiment is of a thickness decreasing toward the top.
  • the heat storing mass 3 becomes narrower at its upper end. In this way, a larger heat storing area is formed by the partitions 13 in the smoke flue 19.
  • excessive diminution of the cross-sectional area of the flow is prevented, thus ensuring that the flow rates will not become too high.
  • the fireplace with a dividing partition 18 has the advantage that a larger amount of heat storing mass and especially a larger heat storing area can be provided near the throat and the lower part of the smoke flue, where the flue gases are hottest.
  • embodiments provided with a dividing partition 18 also comprise parts 11 projecting from the heat storing masses 3 toward the smoke flues, which parts increase both the heat transfer area and the amount of heat storing mass per unit of length of the smoke flue.
  • Fig. 12 presents a sectional view of an embodiment in which the fireplace has no side flues but instead has a chimney duct disposed in its upper part and going up through the top.
  • the firebox 1 narrows in the throat 5 both on the lateral sides and on the front and back sides.
  • the smoke flue beginning after the throat expands to a width substantially corresponding to the cross-section of the firebox.
  • the edges of the firebox, i.e. the surface stone 17 and the double stone 16 form heat storing masses around the smoke flue.
  • placed in the upward leading smoke flue there are two dividing partitions 21, i.e. structures of heat storing mass, which divide the smoke flue into edge flues 22 and 23 and a middle flue 24.
  • the dividing partitions 21 extend from a level somewhat above the throat 5 to a level below the fire top but at some distance from it so that the flue gases can flow below them, by their sides and above them.
  • the smoke flue of this fireplace also comprises a certain inventive stretch in which the heat storing mass and the heat storing area increase as the cross-sectional flow area decreases or remains unchanged.
  • edge flues 22 and 23 are two embodiments of the partitions 13 which differ somewhat from each other.
  • partitions 13 like those in the embodiment in Fig. 1 begin to develop in a stepwise manner, starting from the mass 21.
  • the width of the partitions increases toward the top, thus reducing the cross-sectional area of flow and increasing the amount of heat storing mass as well as the heat transfer area of the mass per unit of length of the smoke flue.
  • partitions 13 develop continuously from the mass 21 as in the embodiment in Fig. 1.
  • partitions 13 begin to develop from both masses 21 toward each other.
  • the partitions 13 are continuous and divide the space below the fire top 6 into separate smoke flues placed side by side.
  • the stepwise structure of smoke flue 22 permits a simpler and cheaper implementation because all the soapstone bricks to be used may be of a rectangular shape and no beveled surfaces are needed. Further advantages associated with the stepwise structure are a larger heat transfer area and a turbulence of the flue gases caused by the stepped surface, both of these features being conducive to more effective heat storage in the surrounding masses.
  • Fig. 13 visualizes the upper part of the fireplace in Fig. 12, showing how the smoke flues coalesce under the fire top 6.
  • the partitions 13 are provided with cut-outs 25 permitting communication between the spaces between the partitions.
  • a chimney duct 26 going through the fire top 6 conveys the flue gases from above the cut-outs 25 into the chimney.
  • Fig. 14 presents a fireplace which partially corresponds to the fireplace in Fig. 1. It comprises a shell consisting of a surface stone 17 and a double stone 16 and, on the top side, a fire top 6, insulating material 9 and a capping piece 10. Disposed above the grate 15 is a firebox 1 which narrows upward in a throat 5. In this embodiment, the throat 5 narrows on the lateral sides as well as on the front and back sides of the firebox.
  • dividing partition 33 extending from the fire top 6 downward nearly to the level of the throat 5.
  • the dividing partition 33 is made of heat storing mass and extends in the depthwise direction from the front part of the shell to its back, dividing the smoke flue leading upward from the firebox into two separate flues.
  • the structure comprises partitions 13 consisting of heat storing mass which begin gradually from the lower part of the dividing partition 33, growing toward the rounded portions 32. From here upward, the partitions 13 divide the smoke flues bending to both sides e.g. into three separate smoke flues placed side by side, which continue as separate flues leading into the side flues 7 down to the level of the throat 5.
  • One of the functions of the metal walls 31 in certain embodiments is to increase the heat transfer area of the heat storing masses 13 and to cause heat to be stored in the central masses 13 and 33 of the fireplace rather than in a heat storing mass 3 located closer to the outer surface, and partially to increase the degree of heat storage in the masses of the side flues. In this way, more heat can be stored in the central structures of the fireplace, i.e. in the massive dividing partition 33 between the metal walls 31 and in the partitions 13, which become hot during heating of the fireplace, the heat emission time being thus prolonged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
EP01660025A 2000-04-28 2001-02-06 Heat storing fireplace Expired - Lifetime EP1150073B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20001006A FI108162B (sv) 2000-04-28 2000-04-28 Eldstad som lagrar värme
FI20001006 2000-04-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1150073A2 EP1150073A2 (en) 2001-10-31
EP1150073A3 EP1150073A3 (en) 2005-05-04
EP1150073B1 true EP1150073B1 (en) 2007-06-20

Family

ID=8558308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01660025A Expired - Lifetime EP1150073B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2001-02-06 Heat storing fireplace

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1150073B1 (sv)
AT (1) ATE365299T1 (sv)
DE (1) DE60128984T2 (sv)
FI (1) FI108162B (sv)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847336B1 (fr) 2002-11-20 2006-10-06 Alain Gourhel Cheminee a foyer ferme a accumulation de chaleur
RU2547853C2 (ru) * 2009-12-02 2015-04-10 Нуннанлахден Ууни Ой Камин

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI952868A0 (fi) * 1995-06-09 1995-06-09 Nunnanlahden Uuni Oy Kanalsystem foer sekundaerluft
DE29900121U1 (de) * 1999-01-07 1999-04-01 Kircher Gmbh Kaminofen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20001006A0 (sv) 2000-04-28
EP1150073A2 (en) 2001-10-31
ATE365299T1 (de) 2007-07-15
DE60128984T2 (de) 2008-02-28
FI108162B (sv) 2001-11-30
EP1150073A3 (en) 2005-05-04
DE60128984D1 (de) 2007-08-02

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