EP1148379B1 - Einseitig beschichtetes photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit reduzierter Tendenz sich zu Rollen - Google Patents

Einseitig beschichtetes photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit reduzierter Tendenz sich zu Rollen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1148379B1
EP1148379B1 EP01000100A EP01000100A EP1148379B1 EP 1148379 B1 EP1148379 B1 EP 1148379B1 EP 01000100 A EP01000100 A EP 01000100A EP 01000100 A EP01000100 A EP 01000100A EP 1148379 B1 EP1148379 B1 EP 1148379B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
silver halide
binder
cross
amount
Prior art date
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EP01000100A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1148379A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Van Den Zegel
Francis Van Houdt
Frank Ruttens
Guy Damen
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Agfa Gevaert NV
Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert NV
Agfa Gevaert AG
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/30—Hardeners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/81—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by anticoiling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/30—Hardeners
    • G03C2001/308—Vinyl sulfone hardener
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
    • G03C2001/7628—Back layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains
    • G03C2007/3025—Silver content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/36—Latex

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to single-side coated black-and-white imaging elements comprising a support material, an image-forming layer on one side, and a backing layer on the other side.
  • radiographic diagnostic film materials In medicine examination of classically processed silver halide radiographic diagnostic film materials is normally performed on a light box.
  • said films storing the diagnostic image are obtained by irradiation, with X-rays emitted from an X-ray generating device, of part of the human body to be examined, followed by modulation of said X-rays and detection with a radiographic X-ray conversion screen, also called intensifying screen, fluorescent screen or phosphor screen.
  • the luminescent phosphor particles present in dispersed form in a layer of the said X-ray conversion screen absorb X-rays and convert them into visible light, thus exposing the radiographic silver halide film material brought into intimate contact with said X-ray conversion screen with the emitted visible light.
  • film processing comprising the steps of developing, fixing, rinsing and drying, the diagnostic image is obtained which can be read on a light box.
  • the film material may be coated with hydrophilic light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers on one or on both sides of the film support, depending on the application.
  • the film support In chest radiography e.g. wherein priority is given to a high sensitivity after rapid processing (high throughput) the film support is coated with the said light-sensitive layers at both sides.
  • both sides of the double-side coated or duplitized film material are in direct contact with an intensifying screen.
  • an intensifying screen As a consequence of cross-over light exposure of such a screen-film system, wherein the film is sandwiched between both screens it can be expected to loose image definition.
  • the single thin, light-sensitive emulsion layer thus preferably comprises fine silver halide emulsion grains or crystals dispersed in a binder.
  • screen-film systems comprising one film in contact at the emulsion side with only one screen and measures in order to get high image definition without losing too much sensitivity (speed) has been disclosed e.g. in EP-A's 0 482 603, 0 610 609, 0 712 036, 0 874 275 and 0 933 670.
  • hardcopies of images produced by electronic diagnostic techniques such as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound etc., by means of a digital laser should provide examination facilities on light boxes as well.
  • a laser imager is a digital system containing a high performance digital computer: instead of just printing the images, the incoming images can be stored temporarily in an electronic memory and the data as well as the lay-out of the images can be manipulated before actually being printed on a film.
  • This electronic memory offers the possibility to buffer the incoming data from several diagnostic modalities by means of an image network, which is a real advantage in comparison with e.g. CRT imaging wherein the hard copy is exposed image by image.
  • each diagnostic unit requires a separate CRT imager.
  • the photographic hardcopy material, used in the laser imagers must combine an excellent image quality with the appropriate physical properties, necessary for an error free film handling by the imager.
  • image quality the photographic material preferably has high sharpness, a good image tone (color hue) of the developed silver, preferably a purely black image, a preferred gloss level, and appropriate contrast values to allow a high maximum density and crisp alfanumerics. Rapid access of the photographic images is also highly desired in this application. Especially when implemented in an image network, the access time of the laser hardcopy material should be as short as possible.
  • Factors responsible for delayed rates at which the process proceeds may be the exposure time of the film by the laser, the transport time before exposure to the system and after exposure to an automatic processor, and the processing time, dry-to-dry, of the hardcopy material. Whereas the exposure time and transport time are dependent on specific features of the laser source, the mechanical construction of the system and the dimensions of the hardcopy material, the processing time is especially determined by the film characteristics (sensitivity, also called "speed") and the chemicals used in the processing cycle. Typical modern processors have dry-to-dry cycles of less than 60 seconds, more preferable less than or equal to 50 seconds. Such materials, film/screen combinations and/or processing methods thereof have e.g. been described in EP-A's 0 610 608, 0 679 015 and 0 794 456.
  • Load of the layers on both sides of the film support with components in order to get a perfect equilibrium and to prevent curl after drying of the coated wet layers may form a first problem during the coating process as the material is also loaded with high amounts of water which should be evaporated.
  • the film material is thus optimized in order to reduce curl to a low level.
  • So curl towards the (light-sensitive) emulsion side appearing after coating and drying may be compensated by addition of softening polymers for the binder (like e.g. acrylic or methacrylic acid latex polymers are for gelatin as a binder) determining the hardening degree of the binder and the amount of processing liquid (inclusive for rinsing water) absorbed in the processing time and temperature as set forth in the processing cycle.
  • softening polymers for the binder like e.g. acrylic or methacrylic acid latex polymers are for gelatin as a binder
  • processing liquid inclusive for rinsing water
  • EP-A-0 933 670 As an example of a single-side coated mammographic material EP-A-0 933 670 is cited, wherein, apart from emulsion coatings of tabular grains offering high speed at moderate coating amounts without appearance of a disadvantageous low contrast, coated layers have been described, well-known by the skilled person, i.a., with a subbed support, a total amount of silver nitrate of from 5 to 9 g per sq.m. in the emulsion layer, and a backing layer at the non-light sensitive side.
  • a backing layer(s) which operate as anti-halation and anti-curl layer, are present on the opposite side of said support.
  • One or more subbing layers may be coated directly on the support to improve the adhesion of the emulsion and backing layer(s) to the support.
  • an undercoat layer between the emulsion and subbing layer(s) and a protective layer on top of the emulsion layer(s) may be present, whereas additional non light-sensitive intermediate layers are optional.
  • a photographic material which has a noncurling-layer and which provides improved anticurling properties has further been described in US-A-3 615 555.
  • Single-side coated light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material comprising, on one side of a subbed support, one or more light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer(s) overcoated with an outermost protective layer; said emulsion layer(s) having silver halide grains dispersed in binder, wherein said silver halide is coated in a total amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate of more than 5 g per m 2 , a latex polymer present in an amount of less than 30 % by weight versus said binder, and, at the other side of said support, a backing layer, covered with a protective outermost layer, characterized in that at least said backing layer is provided in at least one layer thereof, besides a cross-linked or cross-linkable first binder, with an organic component free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener, as a second binder, wherein said organic component is a dextran polymer having a molecular weight of not more
  • a single-side coated light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material is disclosed herein, wherein, according to the present invention one or more light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer(s) is (are) present, said emulsion layer(s) having silver halide grains dispersed in binder and coated in a total amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate, of more than 5 g per m 2 , i.a. at least 5.2 g/m 2 .
  • said silver halide is coated in a total amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate, of more than 7.5 g per m 2 and still more preferably up to at most 10.0 g/m 2 .
  • a latex polymer is present in said emulsion layer(s) in an amount of less than 30 % by weight versus said binder, and more preferably less than 20 %, coated on only one side of a subbed support and protected by an outermost protective overcoat layer adjacent thereto.
  • a backing layer is present, covered with a protective outermost layer, further characterized in that at least said backing layer is provided, in at least one layer thereof, with an organic component free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener.
  • said organic component free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener is a dextran polymer having a (n) (average or mean) molecular weight of from 1000 up to not more than 20000.
  • Organic substances which may also be present are those selected from the group essentially consisting of pullulan and saccharose. It may be advisable to make use of polymers having a well-known molar distribution in that a higher fraction of polymer component having a low molecular weight (less than 20000) is present and a lower fraction of polymer component having a high molecular weight (more than 20000), wherein said (heterogeneous) molar distribution is determined by the preparation method and, more particularly, the stearing parameters used therein during the synthesis.
  • the organic component free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener should be present in an amount of at least 50% by weight versus the amount of cross-linked or cross-linkable first binder.
  • said at least one layer of said backing layer in the inventive material is the first layer of said backing layer, being the layer more close to the subbed support than other layers.
  • a preferred cross-linked or cross-linkable first binder is gelatin, well-known as hydrophilic protective colloid binder.
  • Polymers other than gelatin like polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dextran having a molecular weight of at least 20000, and, preferably more than 50000 may advantageously be used, particularly in the light-sensitive emulsion layer, in favour of covering power after processing.
  • binders which can further be used in the various layers of the silver halide recording material are synthetic polymers such as polymers or copolymers made of vinyl alcohol, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl imidazole, vinyl pyrazole, as well as natural polymers such as casein, gelatin (acidically or alkalinically processed, made of bovine bones or pigskins), cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, albumin, starch and colloidal silica stabilized by organic onium compounds, as well as modified polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrolyzed gelatin, chemically modified gelatin as described, for example, in US-A 5,087,694, chemically modified and hydrolyzed gelatin as described, for example, in DE 2,166,605 and in US-A 3,837,861.
  • synthetic polymers such as polymers or copolymers made of vinyl alcohol, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide
  • binders can also be used in the individual layers, wherein the preferred main component of a binder mixture or wherein the only binder in the layers of photographic recording materials is gelatin.
  • Preferred alkaline processed bovine bone gelatin as a protective colloid used for the silver halide crystals and binder in the emulsion layer can be ion-exchanged.
  • a weight ratio of silver (expressed as equivalent amount of silver nitrate) to binder or binder mixture in the light-sensitive emulsion layer at one side of the subbed support is less than 0.7, and more preferably less than 0.5, resulting in sufficient drying after processing and a low pressure sensitivity in the wet state.
  • This ratio (of amounts, both expressed by weight) may be established, for example, during the production of the silver halide emulsion by means of the amount of binder to be added relative to the amount of silver and a correction thereof can be made before coating by addition of more binder material.
  • the material has (one or more) organic component(s) free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener present in an amount of from 0.5 up to 5 g/m 2 .
  • a hardener present in an amount of from 0.5 up to 5 g/m 2 .
  • the other part is conventionally hardenable with various cross-linking agents.
  • said binder material free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener is present in at least the (non-light-sensitive) backing layer(s) in an amount of more than 1 g per sq.m., more preferably more than 2 g per sq.m. and even up to 4 g per sq.m.. Otherwise said binder material free from cross-linking upon reaction with a hardener is, optionally, present in the light-sensitive layer at the other side of the support in an amount of more than 1 g per sq.m., up to at most 4 g per sq.m..
  • Cross-linking agents suitable for use have e.g. been described in Research Disclosure, No. 36544, September 1994, Chapter II, p. 508.
  • Hardeners preferably used for the preferred gelatinous binder include glutardialdehyde, 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine, compounds containing an active vinyl group like vinyl sulfonyl hardeners as described e.g.
  • inorganic compounds such as chromium salts like chromium alum and chromium acetate. These hardeners can be used alone or in combination.
  • said hardener or hardening compound is a vinyl sulfonyl hardener.
  • Suitable examples thereof can be found in EP-A's 0 29 127, 0 98 454, 0 115 351, 0 207 399, 0 497 143, and 0 752 615, as well as in US-A's 3,490,911; 3,582,339; 3,628,961; 3,832,181; 4,007,163; 4,057,538; 4,396,709; 4,670,377; 4,680,257; 4,897,344 and 5,071,736.
  • a suitable preparation method in order to obtain such vinyl sulfonyl hardener has e.g. been described in EP-A 0 770 908.
  • a latex polymer is present in an amount of less than 30 % by weight and, more preferably, even less than 20 % by weight.
  • Such latex polymers include vinyl chloride copolymers, vinylidene chloride copolymers, acrylic ester copolymers, like polyethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate copolymers and butadiene copolymers, without however being limited thereto.
  • the light-sensitive emulsion layer(s) of the material according to the present invention is (are) loaded with light-sensitive silver halide emulsion grains or crystals having a cubic (specifically disclosed in EP-A 0 610 608, 0 649 051, 0 712 036 and 0 794 456) and/or a tabular crystal habit as disclosed for grains having both habits in a multilayer arrangement as in EP-A's 0 770 909 and 0 874 275.
  • Tabular crystals (disclosed e.g.
  • Halide compositions may be any selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide and iodide, provided that relative amounts present are fully compatible with the solubilities of the silver halides in mixed form in the crystals thus formed as is known by anyone skilled in the art.
  • dopants may be present as e.g. group VIII complex ions, and more particularly rhodium (as in EP-A 0 897 131, 0 933 670 and 0 933 671 and in US-A 5,856,077), ruthenium (as in EP-A 1 058 150) and iridium dopants as disclosed e.g. in US-A's 5,089,379; 5,294,532; 5,368,994 and 5,420,001 wherein in this last reference epitaxial deposits are present on the crystal surface.
  • Halide ions may further be distributed homogeneously or heterogeneously over the crystal volume and may lead to a distribution over the whole emulsion crystal distribution which may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Furthermore the morphological characteristics of the grains may be homogeneous (as disclosed e.g. in EP-A 0 911 687) or heterogeneous.
  • the light-sensitive emulsion layer(s) of the material according to the present invention comprise(s) ⁇ 111 ⁇ tabular silver bromo(iodide) grains as those described in US-A 5,595,864.
  • Said ⁇ 111 ⁇ tabular grains are crystals possessing two parallel (111) faces with a ratio of the diameter of a circle having the same area as these faces versus the thickness, being the distance between the two major faces, equal to at least 2, an average equivalent crystal diameter of at least 0.5 ⁇ m, an average thickness of from 0.06 to 0.30 ⁇ m and wherein said grains account for a total projected area of at least 90 % with respect to all grains present.
  • Precipitation methods of tabular silver halide grains are also extensively described in the patent literature.
  • said silver halide emulsions have tabular grains with a hexagonal ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal habit showing a habitual variation coefficient on average crystal diameter of the silver halide distribution of less than 20 %.
  • the silver halide emulsions may comprise grains having chloride in combination with bromide or bromoiodide
  • tabular grain emulsions are preferred comprising silver bromide or silver iodobromide grains having bromide in an amount of at least 90 mole %, an average iodide content of at most 3 mole % and more preferably iodide in an amount of at most 1 mole %.
  • the iodide distribution can be homogeneous over the whole crystal volume or may be present in a so-called core-shell crystal structure, i.e. a silver halide crystal having distinct phases characterized by a different iodide to bromide ratio.
  • Iodide ions can be provided by adding aqueous solutions of inorganic salts thereof as e.g. sodium, potassium or ammonium iodide, by adding organic compounds which are capable of releasing iodide ions as described in the EP-A's 0 561 415; 0 563 701; 0 563 708; 0 649 052 and 0 651 284 or by adding very fine silver iodide grains (so-called Lippmann emulsions having a grain diameter of less then 0.05 ⁇ m) as has been disclosed e.g.
  • reduction sensitization during precipitation as has e.g. been disclosed in EP-A's 0 348 934, 0 371 338, 0 407 576, 0 518 323 and 0 843 209.
  • a hole trapping agent as e.g. formic acid or a salt thereof or a rongalite compound as has e.g. been disclosed in EP-A 0 922 994 and in EP-A 1 006 401.
  • the light-sensitive emulsion layer(s) of the material according to the present invention comprise(s) (100) cubic silver bromo(iodide) grains as those described in EP-A's 0 610 608, 0 610 609, 0 712 036 and 0 874 275 or cubic grains rich in silver chloride as those disclosed in EP-A 0 794 456.
  • Cubic grains having an average crystal diameter of from 0.05 up to 1.0 ⁇ m can be used, depending on the desired densitivity.
  • the silver halide emulsions may be chemically sensitized according to the procedures described in e.g. "Chimie et Physique Photographique” by P. Glafkides, in “Photographic Emulsion Chemistry” by G.F. Duffin, in “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion” by V.L. Zelikman et al, and in “Die Grundlagen der Photographischen mit Silberhalogeniden” edited by H. Frieser and published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968).
  • chemical sensitization can be carried out by effecting the ripening in the presence of small amounts of compounds containing sulphur, selenium or tellurium e.g.
  • these compounds are applied in combination with a noble metal salt, preferably a gold complex salt, but also salts of platinum, palladium and iridium as described in US-A 2,448,060 and GB-Patent No. 618,061 may be used.
  • a noble metal salt preferably a gold complex salt, but also salts of platinum, palladium and iridium as described in US-A 2,448,060 and GB-Patent No. 618,061 may be used.
  • the amount of gold (expressed as metallic gold), used in the chemical ripening of emulsions according to the present invention, is preferably in the range of 25 to 45 ppm vs.
  • Additions of sulphur and/or selenium and/or tellurium and gold may be carried out consecutively or simultaneously. In the latter case the addition of goldthiosulphate, goldselenosulphate or goldtellurosulphate compounds may be recommended.
  • small amounts of compounds of Rh, Ru, Pb, Cd, Hg, or Tl can be added.
  • reductors may be added as chemical sensitizers e.g. tin compounds as described in GB-Patent No. 789,823, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine-sulphinic acids, and silane compounds.
  • the chemical sensitization can also proceed in the presence of phenidone and/or its derivatives, a dihydroxybenzene as hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol and/or a derivative(s) thereof, one or more stabilizer(s) or antifoggant(s), one or more spectral sensitizer(s) or combinations of said ingredients.
  • the silver halide emulsion(s) can be spectrally sensitized by adding one or several cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, styryl dyes and hemioxonol dyes.
  • suitable orthochromatic spectral sensitizers are 5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-bis(SO 3 -R)-9-ethylbenz-oxacarbocyanines with R being n-propylene or n-butylene.
  • green-light absorbing spectral sensitizers according to the formulae given in JP-A's 06,035,104; 06,035,101; 06,035,102; 62,191,847; 63,249,839; 01,312,536; 03,200,246; US-A 4,777,125 and DE 3,819,241 may be used.
  • the right choice of said sensitizers or combinations thereof is always related to the purpose of obtaining the highest possible photographic speed while reducing dye stain after processing.
  • Another survey of useful chemical classes of spectral sensitizers is described by F.M.
  • spectral sensitization follows the completion of chemical sensitization.
  • the spectral sensitisation of tabular grains in particular may occur simultaneously with or even precede completely the chemical sensitization step: it is generally recognized that spectral sensitizers may act as site-directors during the formation of sensitivity specks by the chemical sensitization of tabular grains, thereby enhancing their photographic properties as has been extensively been described in EP-Application No. 99201190, filed April 16, 1999.
  • the layer which is farthest from the substrate and which does not contain any silver halide is designated as the protective layer.
  • the protective layer can optionally also contain other substances which influence the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the photographic silver halide recording materials. Examples of these substances are lubricants, surface-active substances containing perfluoro-alkyl groups, lattices (polymeric organic particles), fine-particle colloidal crystalline silica dispersions, matting agents (spacers), curing agents, anti-static substances as well as preservatives.
  • the binder coating weight usually lies between 0.5 g/m 2 and 2.0 g/m 2 for protective layers.
  • particular compounds may be present as e.g. polythioethers as in EP-Application No. 99204010 or particular mercapto-azoles as in EP-Application No. 99204008, both filed November 26, 1999, wherein a solution is offered in order to provide a good image tone, a high covering power, less residual colour and suitable and constant sensitometry (good preservability).
  • Presence of fluoro substituted ionic surfactants besides non-ionic surfactants and inorganic salts as described e.g. in EP-A 0 318 936 provides a good image tone besides a suitable developing temperature latitude and even development.
  • the silver halide emulsion(s) present in the materials according to the present invention may also comprise compounds preventing the formation of a high minimum density or stabilizing the photographic properties during the production or storage of photographic materials or during the photographic treatment thereof.
  • Many known compounds can be added as fog-inhibiting agent or stabilizer to the silver halide emulsion. Suitable examples are i.a.
  • heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlorobenzimidazoles, bromobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, aminotriazoles, benzotriazoles (preferably 5-methyl-benzotriazole), nitrobenzotriazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, in particular 1-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazole, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptotriazines, benzothiazoline-2-thione, oxazoline-thione, triazaindenes, tetrazaindenes and pentazaindenes, especially those described by Birr in Z.
  • benzothiazolium salts such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlor
  • the photographic material according to the present invention may further comprise various kinds of surface-active agents in the light-sensitive emulsion layer(s) or in at least one other hydrophilic colloid layer.
  • Suitable surface-active agents include non-ionic agents such as saponins, alkylene oxides, e.g., polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol condensation products, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers or polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol alkylamines or alkylamides, silicone-polyethylene oxide adducts, glycidol derivatives, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl esters of saccharides, anionic agents comprising an acid group such as a carboxyl, sulpho, phospho, sulphuric or phosphoric ester group; ampholytic agents such as aminoacids, aminoalkyl sulph
  • Such surface-active agents can be used for various purposes, e.g. as coating aids, as compounds preventing electric charges, as compounds improving film transport in automatic film handling equipment, as compounds facilitating dispersive emulsification, as compounds preventing or reducing adhesion, and as compounds improving photographic properties such as higher contrast, sensitization and development acceleration.
  • development acceleration may be useful, which can be accomplished with the aid of various compounds, preferably polyoxyalkylene derivatives having a molecular weight of at least 400 such as those described in e.g. US-A's 3,038,805; 4,038,075 and 4,292,400.
  • Especially preferred developing accelerators are recurrent thioether groups containing polyoxyethylenes as described in DE 2,360,878, EP-A's 0 634 688 and 0 674 215. The same or different or a mixture of different developing accelerators may be added to at least one of the hydrophilic layers at the emulsion side.
  • hydrophilic colloid binder preferably gelatin
  • the hydrophilic colloid binder preferably gelatin
  • the hydrophilic colloid binder preferably gelatin
  • the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer or of an hydrophilic colloid layer in water-permeable relationship therewith by suitable amounts of dextran or dextran derivatives to improve besides covering power of the silver image formed, resistance to abrasion in wet processing conditions.
  • the photographic material of the present invention may further comprise various other additives such as compounds improving the dimensional stability of the photographic material, UV-absorbers, spacing agents, lubricants, plasticizers, antistatic agents, etc. as disclosed in disclosed in Research Disclosure 36544, September 1994, Chapter IX, parts B, C and D, p. 519-521.
  • Suitable additives for improving the dimensional stability are i.a. dispersions of a watersoluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer e.g.
  • Suitable UV-absorbers are e.g. aryl-substituted benzotriazole compounds as described in US-A 3,533,794, 4-thiazolidone compounds as described in US-A's 3,314,794 and 3,352,681, benzophenone compounds as described in JP-A 2784/71, cinnamic ester compounds as described in US-A's 3,705,805 and 3,707,375, butadiene compounds as described in US-A 4,045,229, and benzoxazole compounds as described in US-A 3,700,455.
  • the average particle size of spacing agents is comprised between 0.2 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • Spacing agents can be soluble or insoluble in alkali. Alkali-insoluble spacing agents usually remain permanently in the photographic material, whereas alkali-soluble spacing agents usually are removed in an alkaline processing bath.
  • Suitable spacing agents can be made i.a. of polymethyl methacrylate, of copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate. Other suitable spacing agents have been described in US-A 4,614,708.
  • acetamide or polyols such as trimethylolpropane, pentanediol, butanediol, ethylene glycol and glycerine.
  • a polymer latex is preferably incorporated into the hydrophilic colloid layer for the purpose of improving the anti-pressure properties, e.g. a homopolymer of acrylic acid alkyl ester or a copolymer thereof with acrylic acid, a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, and a homopolymer or copolymer consisting of monomers having an active methylene group.
  • the photographic material may comprise an antistatic layer to avoid static discharges during coating, processing and other handling of the material.
  • antistatic layer may be an outermost coating like the protective layer or an afterlayer or a stratum of one or more antistatic agents or a coating applied directly to the film support or other support and overcoated with a barrier or gelatin layer.
  • Antistatic compounds suitable for use in such layers are e.g. vanadium pentoxide soles, tin oxide soles or conductive polymers such as polyethylene oxides or a polymer latex and the like.
  • Particularly preferred antistatic polymers providing permanent electronic conductivity are polyethylene dioxy thiophene polymers as described in EP-A 0 602 713 and 0 628 560, without however being limited thereto.
  • a common support of the photographic silver halide material used in the image-forming method according to the present invention is a hydrophobic resin support.
  • Hydrophobic resin supports are well known to those skilled in the art and are made e.g. of polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and those given in Research Disclosure 36544, September 1994, Chapter 15, p. 531, preference being given to polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
  • the hydrophobic resin support may be provided with one or more subbing layers known to those skilled in the art for adhering thereto a hydrophilic colloid layer.
  • subbing layers for polyethylene terephthalate supports are described e.g. in US-A's 3,397,988, 3,649,336, 4,123,278 and 4,478,907.
  • Coloured supports may be used in favour of image tone as disclosed e.g. in EP-A's 0 169 039, 0 790 526 and 0 844 520.
  • Coating of the different layers of the photographic material of the present invention may occur according to any of the known techniques for applying photographic coatings.
  • modern slide hopper and especially curtain coating techniques are applied.
  • polyacrylamides which are known to increase the shear viscosity can be added to the coating composition of the emulsion layer and/or protective antistress layer.
  • Suitable polyacrylamides are copoly(acrylamide-(meth)acrylic acid), e.g., COPOLY(acrylamide-acrylic acid-sodium acrylate) (87.5:4.1:8.4) in particular the commercial products ROHAFLOC SF710 and ROHAFLOC SF 580 from ROHM.
  • polyacrylamides are preferably used in amounts of 10 to 500 ppm in the coating composition of the antistress layer and coating occurs simultaneously with the emulsion layer by curtain coating. In this way the emulsion layer thickness can be reduced and coating can proceed at increased speed.
  • the material according to the present invention in a preferred embodiment thereof, is a mammographic film material.
  • the silver halide grains present in a mammography film are spectrally sensitized in order to optimally detect the light emitted from the X-ray conversion screen.
  • a preferred mammography film is characterized by a spectral sensitivity ranging from 5 to 80 microJoules per m 2 measured at the emission maximum of the X-ray conversion screen, said spectral sensitivity being defined herein as the amount of exposure to light of a given wavelength required to obtain an optical density Dmin+1.0 after processing.
  • a mammogram is obtained by subjecting a film-screen system to X-ray exposure.
  • X-ray generating device In diagnostic image forming methods commercially available X-ray generating device may be used, providing an exposure to soft X-rays with a tube voltage of 20 to 40 kV.
  • a preferred luminescent phosphor coated in the X-ray conversion screen is Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb, which emits green light in the wavelength range from 540 tot 555 nm.
  • Said phosphor and its use in intensifying screens have been described extensively in patent literature, e.g. in US-A's. 3,872,309; 4,130,429; 4,912,333; 4,925,594; 4,994,355; 5,021,327; 5,107,125 and 5,259,016 and in GB-Patent 1,489,398.
  • the thickness of the phosphor layer depends on the amount of coated phosphor required to obtain the desired screen speed.
  • a preferred intensifying screen used in the method according to the present invention is characterized by a phosphor coating weight of at least 45 mg/cm 2 and a phosphor to binder ratio of at least 97:3 as described in EP-A 0 712 036.
  • mammography films comprise one or more light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer(s) on only one side of a transparent support, which is typically a blue coloured polyethyleneterephtalate film having a thickness of 175 ⁇ m.
  • a transparent support typically a blue coloured polyethyleneterephtalate film having a thickness of 175 ⁇ m.
  • subbing layers may be coated directly on the support to improve the adhesion of the emulsion and backing layer(s) to the support.
  • an undercoat layer between the emulsion and subbing layer(s) may be present.
  • Additional non light-sensitive intermediate layers, containing e.g. dyes in order to provide a suitable image definition are optional.
  • Said dyes which per se do not have any spectral sensitization activity, or certain other compounds, which do not substantially absorb visible radiation, can have a supersensitization effect when they are incorporated together with said spectral sensitizing agents into the emulsion.
  • Suitable supersensitizers are, i.a. heterocyclic mercapto compounds containing at least one electronegative substituent as described e.g. in US-A 3,457,078, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring-substituted aminostilbene compounds as described e.g. in US-A's 2,933,390 and 3,635,721, aromatic organic acid/formaldehyde condensation products as described e.g. in US-A 3,743,510 as well as cadmium salts and azaindene compounds.
  • At least one non-spectrally sensitizing dye can be added to an emulsion layer or to one or more non-light-sensitive hydrophilic layers such as the backing layer(s).
  • filter dye can be added to an emulsion layer or to one or more non-light-sensitive hydrophilic layers such as the backing layer(s).
  • the presence of such dye(s) in adapted amounts is not only recommended to adjust the sensitivity of the different emulsion layers and eventually the required contrast, but also in order to reduce scattering of exposure radiation and thus to enhance sharpness (a so-called “antihalation dye”.
  • Preferred dyes are those that are removed easily from the photographic material during wet processing in order not to leave any residual colour. When said dyes are added to the emulsion side, it may be preferred that these dyes are nondiffusible during coating of the hydrophilic layers.
  • dyes without being limited thereto, are the dyes that have been described in e.g. US-A's 3,560,214; 3,647,460; 4,288,534; 4,311,787 and 4,857,446. These dyes may be added to the coating solution as a solid particle dispersions of water insoluble dyes having a mean particle diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ m and still more preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m. Examples of such dyes are disclosed in EP-A's. 0 384 633; 0 351 593; 0 586 748; 0 587 230 and 0 656 401, EP-A's.
  • a photographic material comprising a support and coated thereon on at least one side one or more hydrophilic light-sensitive layers, wherein at least one of said layers comprises a silver halide emulsion as disclosed hereinbefore. More preferably for mammographic applications said photographic material comprises on only one side of the support only one hydrophilic light-sensitive layer comprising an emulsion as disclosed herein, wherein light-sensitive tabular grains have a coverage of from 5.0 to 9.0 g/m 2 , expressed as silver nitrate.
  • the mammographic material is particularly suitable for use in mammographic diagnostic applications and therefore, according to the present invention, a radiological method for obtaining a diagnostic image for mammography is offered, said method comprising the steps of
  • a normally used configuration in the processing apparatus shows the following consecutive tank units corresponding with, as consecutive solutions: developer-fixer-rinse water.
  • developer-fixer-rinse water As consecutive solutions the sequence developer-fixer-fixer-rinse water-rinse water is preferred.
  • One washing step between developing and fixation and one at the end before drying may also be present.
  • a particularly suitable developer solution is the one comprising a reduced amount of sulphite and ascorbic acid which acts as a main developer and anti-oxidant as well and which is called "low-sludge" developer as has e.g. been described in EP-A 0 851 282 and in EP-A's 0 992 845 and 1 006 401.
  • a particularly suitable fixer solution comprises an amount of less than 25 g of potassium sulphite per liter without the presence of acetic acid wherein said fixer has a pH value of at least 4.5, in order to make the fixer solution quasi odourless as illustrated in EP-A 0 908 764.
  • preferred minimum regeneration or replenishment amounts are also from about 20 to 200 ml/m 2 , more preferred from 20 to 100 ml/m 2 and still more preferred from 20 to 50 ml/m 2 of developed material.
  • aluminum ions are present in the fixer solution in order to effect hardening, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the fixer in the range from 4.2 to 4.6 in order to get the highest hardening reactivity and to suppress swelling with washing water in the washing or rinsing step.
  • fixer pH For hardened materials having a swelling degree of the hydrophilic layers of less than 250 % and more preferably of less than 200 % it is not required for the fixer pH to held constant in the pH range from 4.2 to 4.6 as mentioned before: in order to reduce irritating smell from sulphite ions in aqueous acidic medium which lead to sulphur dioxide vapour it is recommended to enhance pH to a value of 4.65 up to 5.00.
  • a process whereby the quality of the fixer remains at an optimum level has been described in EP-A 0 872 764.
  • composition of the protective layer 2 in g/m2 Composition of the protective layer 2 in g/m2:
  • the coating solution of the silver halide containing layer was prepared by adding solutions of the compounds indicated above to the melted emulsion while stirring.
  • the coating solution of the protective layer 1 was obtained by dissolving the above indicated composition in 21 ml per sq.m. of demineralized water. After adjusting pH to a value of 6.7, the viscosity and surface tension of the coating solutions were optimized in order to get an undisturbed coating profile.
  • the emulsion layer(s) and the protective layer were coated simultaneously by means of conventional coating techniques on one side of a subbed polyester support having a thickness of 175 ⁇ m.
  • the emulsion layer was containing (per sq.m.) 8.8 g of silver, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate, 3.77 g of gelatin and 0.62 g of polyethyl acrylate latex (corresponding with an amount of 16 % by weight of latex vs. gelatin).
  • the coating solution of the first backing layer was obtained by dissolving the above indicated coating composition in 50 ml per sq.m. of demineralized water and adjusting pH to a value of 6.2.
  • the coating solution of the protective layer 2 was obtained by dissolving the above indicated composition in 19 ml per sq.m. of demineralized water and adjusting pH to a value of 6.2.
  • protective layer 2 adjacent to the first backing layer (BL1) and farther from the support, both on the opposite side of the emulsion layer (EL).
  • the materials were then dried under controlled conditions of heat and relative humidity.
  • the materials were cut into samples of 18 cm x 24 cm.
  • CURIX 530 tradename of Agfa-Gevaert N.V., was used as an automatic processing machine. Processing sequence and conditions in the said CURIX 530 processing machine were following (expressed in seconds(sec.), temperature (in °C) added thereto: loading 3.4 sec. developing 23.4 sec./35°C in developer G138 cross-over 3.8 sec. fixing 15.7 sec./35°C in fixer G334 cross-over 3.8 sec. rinsing 15.7 sec./20°C drying 32.2 sec. (cross-over time included) total time 98.0 sec.
  • Samples of the materials were evaluated for curl before (“BP") and after processing ("AP") in the above decribed processing conditions.
  • the materials were exposed to white light before processing.
  • Film sheets (unexposed, unprocessed films and exposed, processed films respectivley) having a total surface larger than 10 cm x 10 cm and smaller than 24 cm x 30 cm were evaluated as follows.
  • Curling was measured according to ISO 4330: curling into the direction of the emulsion side was indicated by character “E” and represented in the Table I with a "+” sign, whereas curling into the direction of the backing layer was indicated by character “B” and represented in the Table I with a "-" sign.
  • composition of the backing layers (first backing layer in contact with the subbed support and protective antistress coating as outermost layer) with respect to its binder contents and addenda crucial for curling effects is given in the Table I.
  • a gelatin content of 4.9 g/m 2 thus results in a flat material before processing, but in strong curl to the backing side of the material after processing.
  • Curl BP Curl AP Curl BP-AP 5 2.5 0 +7 +2.5 4.5 6 2.5 0.5 +6 +2.5 3.5 7 2.5 1.5 +5 +2.5 2.5 8 2.5 2.5 +5 +3 2 9 3.5 0 +6 +1.4 4.6 10 3.5 0.5 +5.5 +1.6 3.9 11 3.5 1.5 +4.9 +1.6 3.3 12 3.5 2.5 +3.7 +1.3 2.4 13 4.5 0 +5 +0.4 4.6 14 4.5 0.5 +4.5 +0.3 4.2 15 4.5 1.5 +3.5 0 3.5 16 4.5 2.5 +2.9 0 2.9

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Claims (10)

  1. Einseitig beschichtetes strahlungsempfindliches fotografisches Silberhalogenidfilmmaterial allerdings bestehend aus,
    einer oder mehreren auf eine Seite eines substrierten Trägers aufgetragenen, mit einer außeren Schutzschicht überzogenen, strahlungsempfindlichen Silberhalogenid-Emulsionsschichten ; wobei die Emulsionsschicht (en)
    in Bindemittel dispergierte Silberhalogenidkörner, in denen das Silberhalogenid einen als eine äquivalente Menge an Silbernitrat ausgedrückten gesamten Silberauftrag größer als 5 g per m2 aufweist,
    ein Latexpolymeres in einer Menge kleiner als 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Bindemittel, aufweist bzw. aufweisen,
    und,
    einer auf die andere Seite des Trägers aufgetragenen mit einer schützenden Außenschicht überzogenen Rückschicht,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die Rückschicht in zumindest einer deren Schichten, neben einem vernetzten oder vernetzbaren ersten Bindemittel, mit einem bei Reaktion mit einem Härtemittel vernetzungsfreien organischen Bestandteil als zweites Bindemittel versehen ist, wobei es sich bei diesem organischen Bestandteil um ein Dextranpolymeres mit einem Molekulargewicht von höchstens 20 000 handelt.
  2. Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dextranpolymere ein Molekulargewicht von 1 000 bis höchstens 20 000 aufweist.
  3. Material nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bei Reaktion mit einem Härtemittel vernetzungsfreie organische Bestandteil in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 5 g/m2 enthalten ist.
  4. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bei Reaktion mit einem Härtemittel vernetzungsfreie organische Bestandteil in zumindest einer Schicht dieser Rückschicht in einer Menge von zumindest 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Menge an vernetztem oder vernetzbarem erstem Bindemittel, enthalten sein sollte.
  5. Material nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dieser zumindest einen Schicht der Rückschicht um die erste Schicht der Rückschicht handelt, wobei es sich um die Schicht handelt die näher dem substrierten Träger angeordnet ist als die sonstigen Schichten.
  6. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem vernetzten oder vernetzbaren ersten Bindemittel um Gelatine handelt.
  7. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Härtemittel um ein Vinylsulfonyl-Härtemittel handelt.
  8. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Silberhalogenid einen als eine äquivalente Menge an Silbernitrat ausgedrückten Silberauftrag von höchstens 10,0 g per m2 aufweist.
  9. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Filmmaterial um ein mammografisches Filmmaterial handelt.
  10. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines diagnostischen Bildes für Mammografie mit den Schritten
    (i) Zusammensetzen eines Film-Folien-Systems, indem ein fotografisches Material nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 mit einer Röntgenverstärkerfolie in Berührung gebracht wird ;
    (ii) Aussetzen des Film-Folien-Systems einer Belichtung mit von einer Röntgenstrahlen erzeugenden Vorrichtung mit einer Röhrenspannung von 20 kV bis 40 kV ausgestrahlten Röntgenstrahlen ; und
    (iii) Verarbeiten des fotografischen Materials in einer gesamten Trocken/Trocken-Verarbeitungszeit von 38 s bis 210 s durch die Schritten Entwickeln, Fixieren, Spülen oder Wässern und Trocknen.
EP01000100A 2000-04-10 2001-03-30 Einseitig beschichtetes photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit reduzierter Tendenz sich zu Rollen Expired - Lifetime EP1148379B1 (de)

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DE1904527A1 (de) * 1969-01-30 1970-08-27 Agfa Gevaert Ag Photographisches Material
JPH0743861A (ja) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-14 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 放射線画像形成方法
EP0933670B1 (de) * 1998-01-30 2001-11-21 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Lichtempfindliche Emulsion mit bromidreichen Tafelkörnern, die mit Thiocyanatkomplexen des Rhodiums dotiert sind

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