EP1127109A2 - The genetic determination of genes and its use for the prophylaxis and therapy of diseases - Google Patents

The genetic determination of genes and its use for the prophylaxis and therapy of diseases

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Publication number
EP1127109A2
EP1127109A2 EP99953880A EP99953880A EP1127109A2 EP 1127109 A2 EP1127109 A2 EP 1127109A2 EP 99953880 A EP99953880 A EP 99953880A EP 99953880 A EP99953880 A EP 99953880A EP 1127109 A2 EP1127109 A2 EP 1127109A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receptor
factor
growth
interleukin
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP99953880A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Harald Sedlacek
Klaus Havemann
Rolf Müller
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Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH
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Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH
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Publication of EP1127109A2 publication Critical patent/EP1127109A2/en
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    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/069—Vascular Endothelial cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
    • A61K2035/124—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells the cells being hematopoietic, bone marrow derived or blood cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
    • C12N2501/10—Growth factors
    • C12N2501/165—Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
    • C12N2506/11—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from blood or immune system cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells

Definitions

  • transplantation of bone marrow cells is an established method for the treatment of leukaemias or tumor diseases after high-dose chemotherapy.
  • the transfer of cells into an organism is problem-free if the cells to be transferred can be transferred to a cell suspension without impairing their function and / or their survivability.
  • Such cell suspensions are relatively easy to administer into the circulation, into a body cavity, into an organ or locally.
  • the invention relates to a method in which cells are inserted at least one gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor and / or at least one gene for a receptor for a growth and / or differentiation factor and these cells are forced to move by the introduced gene to differentiate in vitro or in vivo to a stage in which they have the desired function.
  • this function is associated with an integration of the transfected cell into a tissue association.
  • the invention relates in particular to cells in which at least one gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor and / or at least one gene for the associated receptor for the growth and / or differentiation factor has been inserted and the use of these cells for the purpose of prophylaxis or Therapy of a disease.
  • the invention further relates to mononuclear cells obtained from the bone marrow, lymphatic organs, body cavities, body exudates, blood, blood vessels and connective tissue, into which at least one gene for a growth and differentiation factor and / or its receptor has been introduced for the prophylaxis or therapy of a disease .
  • Such cells express the gene or genes introduced into them and, due to the expressed growth factor and / or receptor in the cell culture, but especially after administration into an organism, experience a further development towards a desired differentiation stage.
  • the expression of the gene (s) introduced into the cell is placed under the control of promoters.
  • promoters can be non-specific, cell type-specific, metabolically and / or pharmacologically activatable and / or self-reinforcing.
  • the growth and differentiation of the transduced cell can be directed as necessary by the choice of the respective promoters.
  • the cells according to the invention can already be used as a therapeutic or prophylactic without further treatment.
  • nucleotide sequences are inserted which, under the control of different promoters (e.g. cell type-specific, cell cycle-specific, metabolic, pharmacologically activatable and / or self-reinforcing), code for prophylactically or therapeutically active proteins or for enzymes for the activation of the precursor of a drug in one Drug.
  • promoters e.g. cell type-specific, cell cycle-specific, metabolic, pharmacologically activatable and / or self-reinforcing
  • nucleotide sequences are for the prophylaxis and therapy of vascular diseases (EP A 0 777 739), diseases of the central nervous system (EP A 0 777 740), tumors (EP A 0 804 601) and diseases caused by the immune system conditional (EP A 0 807 183) have already been described in the cited patent applications as well as in the patent applications EP A 0 859 058, EP A 0 864 651 and DE19752299.8.
  • the method claimed in this invention and the cells made by this method are new.
  • the state of the art is to carry out the differentiation in vitro in cell culture by adding growth factors and to use the differentiated cells after mechanical or proteolytic detachment from the cell culture vessel.
  • the method of embossing cells towards differentiation claimed in this invention is to be distinguished from the method of dedifferentiating cells known from the literature. This dedifferentiation takes place by inserting a gene into a cell, which leads to immortalization of this cell. Examples of such genes are:
  • the selection of the starting cells, the promoters and the nucleotide sequences coding for receptors and / or growth factors and differentiation factors takes place according to the intended use for these cells, i.e. the state of differentiation of the cells sought in the organism and the therapeutic goal sought with these cells.
  • Erythrocytes, granulocytes and other cell components are separated from these body fluids by density gradient centrifugation and thrombocytes by differential centrifugation according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art
  • Endothelial cells can be obtained using the methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example from adipose tissue, by scraping veins or by detaching from the umbilical cord endothelium.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • KDR or Fit ligands such as VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Neuropilin
  • IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor
  • PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB platelet derived growth factor
  • PEGF platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor
  • SCF stem cell factor
  • TGF-ß transforming growth factor ß
  • Tie-2 ligands such as angiopoietin-1
  • BMP bone morphogenic proteins
  • BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7 and BMP-8 (Takahara et al. , Genomics 29, 9 (1995), Celeste et al., PNAS USA 87, 9843 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., EMBO J. 9, 2085 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267 , 1992, 25220, Hino et al., Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 223, 304 (1996), Ruppert et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 237, 295 (1996)), pleiotrophin (PTN) and Midkine (Kurtz et al., Crit. Rev. Oncogenesis 6, 151 (1995), Int. Dev. Bio. 37, 183 (1993)).
  • BMP bone morphogenic proteins
  • promoters of the genes for the BMP can be metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4)
  • All growth factors which contribute to the growth and differentiation of glial cells are suitable for the purposes of the invention. These include, for example:
  • GGF glia growth factor
  • NT-4 Neurotrophin-4
  • trk-C Neurotrophin-4
  • BdNF brain derived neurotrophic factor
  • CNF ciliary neurotrophic factor
  • GDNF glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • - can be activated without restriction, can be activated specifically for glia cells, can be activated metabolically, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4).
  • growth factors include all those proteins such as Cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, anti-adhesion molecules, antagonists of oxygen radicals and growth factors for cartilage cells, which lead to an anti-inflammatory reaction and differentiation of synovial cells.
  • TGF Transforming growth factor
  • IL-10 interleukin 10
  • IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1
  • interleukin-4 IL-4
  • FGF Fibroblast Growth Factor
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1, -2)
  • PDGF Platelet derived growth factor
  • TGFß receptors These include, for example: TGFß receptors
  • lymphocyte and / or macrophage specific and / or synovial cell specific see section 4
  • Suitable for the purposes of the invention are all anti-allergic or cytokines and their receptors which inhibit the antibody reaction or the cellular immune reaction. These include, for example:
  • TNF ⁇ Tumor necrosis factor ⁇
  • lymphocytes and / or macrophages can be specifically activated, metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4).
  • cytokines and / or their receptors which promote an antibody-mediated or a cellular immune reaction are suitable for the purposes of the invention.
  • - Can be activated without restriction, lymphocytes and / or macrophages specifically activated, metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and Kombinatine ⁇ thereof (see section 4).
  • nucleotide sequences are to be used as promoter sequences which, after binding transcription factors, activate the transcription of a transgene located at the 3 'end, such as a gene for a receptor of a growth factor or differentiation factor or a gene for a growth factor or differentiation factor.
  • a transgene located at the 3 'end such as a gene for a receptor of a growth factor or differentiation factor or a gene for a growth factor or differentiation factor.
  • at least one promoter sequence is inserted into the cell according to the invention. This promoter sequence can be combined with at least one further promoter sequence. The choice of which to combine with The promoter sequence depends on the disease to be treated.
  • the promoter sequence can be activated without restriction, endothelial cell-specific, under certain metabolic conditions, such as, for example, by hypoxia or inducible by a pharmacon, virus-specific and / or cell cycle-specific.
  • Such promoters have already been described in patent applications EP A 0 804 601; EP A 0 777 739; EP A 0 807 183; EP A 0 777 740; EP A 0 753 580; EP A 0 857 781, EP A 0 790 313; EP A 0 860 445; EP A 0 864 651 and EP A 0 805 209. Reference is made to these patent applications.
  • the promoter sequences to be selected include, for example:
  • binding sequences include, for example, binding sequences for c-myc proteins.
  • binding sequences include monomers or multimers of the nucleotide sequence designated as Myc E-Box (5'-GGAAGCAGACCACGTGGTCTGCTTCC-3 '(SEQ ID NO .: 1); Blackwood and Eisenmann, Science 251, 121 1 (1991)).
  • a promoter when combining the same or different promoters, can be inducible, for example in the form of a promoter which can be activated or deactivated by tetracycline in the form of the tetracycline operator in combination with a corresponding repressor.
  • the promoter can also be self-reinforcing with or without a pharmacologically controllable promoter unit.
  • Enhancers of those genes that code for proteins preferentially formed in endothelial cells.
  • promoters of the genes for the following proteins are to be used, for example:
  • VCAM-1 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule
  • LCAM-3 Interstitial Cell Adhesion Molecule
  • PECAM platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule
  • synthetic activator sequences can also be used which consist of oligomerized binding sites for transcription factors which are preferentially or selectively active in endothelial cells.
  • An example of this is the transcription factor GATA-2, whose binding site in the endothelin-1 gene is 5'-TTATCT-3 '(Lee et al., Biol. Chem. 16188 (1991), Dormann et al., J. Biol. Chem 1279 (1992) and Wilson et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 4854 (1990)).
  • Promoter and activator sequences that are activated in synovial cells are, for example, the promoter sequences of genes coding for matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP), such as MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-3 (Stromelysin / Transi ⁇ ) or tissue inhibitors of metal proteinases (TIMP), such as TIMP-1, -2, -3.
  • MMP matrix Metalloproteinases
  • MMP-1 interstitial collagenase
  • MMP-3 Stromelysin / Transi ⁇
  • TIMP-1, -2, -3 tissue inhibitors of metal proteinases
  • Promoters and activator sequences that are activated in lymphocytes and / or macrophages are, for example, the promoter and activator sequences of the genes coding for cytokines, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules and receptors for the Fc fragment of antibodies such as e.g.
  • IRF-1 interferon regulatory factor 1
  • the promoter of IRF-1 being activated by IL-6 as well as by IFN ⁇ or IFNß, IFN ⁇ Responsive promoter, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IFN ⁇ , GM-CSF, GM-CSF receptor ( ⁇ chain), IL-13, LIF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M- CSF) - receptor, type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, MAC-1 (leukocyte functional antigen) LFA-1 ⁇ (leukocyte functional antigen) or p150.95 (leukocyte functional antigen).
  • a chimeric promoter represents the combination of an upstream cell-specific, metabolically or virus-specific activator sequence with a downstream promoter module which contains the nucleotide sequence CDE-CHR or E2FBS-CHR, to which suppressive proteins bind, which hereby activates the upstream activator sequence in Go and can inhibit the d phase of the cell cycle (WO 96/06943; Lucibello et al., EMBO J., 12 (1994)).
  • Such transcription factors include, for example, Sp1 and NF-Y.
  • hybrid promoters have already been described in patent application EP A 0 848 063.
  • a gene construct is selected which contains the following components in total: The nucleotide sequence of the endothelial cell-specific promoter in a form in which at least one binding site is mutated for a transcription factor. This mutation blocks the initiation of the transcription of the effector gene.
  • a transgene that codes as an effector gene for an active ingredient is provided.
  • At least one further unspecific, cell-specific, virus-specific, promoter or enhancer sequence which can be activated by tetracycline and / or cell cycle-specific and which activates the transcription of at least one gene for at least one transcription factor which is mutated in such a way that it binds to the mutated binding site (s). can bind in the endothelial cell-specific promoter and activate it.
  • the mutation in the promoter sequence can e.g. represent a mutation of the TATA box of the cdc25B promoter.
  • the mutation of the TATA can be, for example, TGTATAA.
  • TBP normal TATA box-binding protein
  • the nucleic acid sequence which codes for the TBP must have a commutation.
  • the TBP binds to the mutated TATA box (e.g. to TGTATAA) and thus leads to the efficient transcription of the effector gene.
  • Such commutations of the TBP gene are described, for example, by Strubin and Struhl (Cell, 721 (1992)) and by Heard et al. (EMBO J., 3519 (1993)).
  • transgene that codes as an effector gene for an active ingredient.
  • NSS nuclear retention signal
  • the transcription product of the nuclear retention signal preferably has a binding structure for a nuclear export factor.
  • NEF nuclear export factor
  • the gene coding for the nuclear retention signal is preferably selected from the group comprising the Rev-responsive element (RRE) of HIV-1 or HIV-2, the RRE-equivalent retention signal of retroviruses or the RRE-equivalent retention signal of the HBV.
  • RRE Rev-responsive element
  • the nuclear export factor is preferably a gene selected from the group comprising the Rev gene of the viruses HIV-1, HIV-2, Visna-Maidi virus, Caprine arthritis encephaiitis virus, the virus of the infectious anemia of the horse, the immunodeficiency virus of the cat , of retroviruses, of HTLV or the gene of the hnRNP-A1 protein or the gene of the transcription factor TFIII-A.
  • An activator-responsive promoter unit consists of the following components:
  • promoter or enhancer sequence which can be activated, for example, cell cycle-specific, cell proliferation-dependent, metabolically, endothelial cell-specific or virus-specific or both cell cycle-specific and metabolically, endothelial cell-specific or virus-specific (so-called chimeric promoters)
  • one or more identical or different activator units which are located downstream of the promoter or enhancer sequences and are activated by their basal transcription
  • an activator-responsive promoter which is activated by the expression products of one or more activator subunit (s).
  • activator-responsive promoter units according to the invention can represent binding sequences for chimeric transcription factors from DNA-binding domains, protein-protein interaction domains and transactivation domains. All of the transcription factor binding sites mentioned in the application can be single (monomers) or in multiple copies (multimers, for example up to 10 copies).
  • the LexA operator in conjunction with the SV40 promoter is an example of an activator-responsive promoter activated by two activator subunits.
  • the first activator subunit comprises the cDNA for the LexA DNA binding protein coding for amino acids 1-81 or 1 -202, the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the Gal80 protein (amino acids 1-435).
  • the second activator subunit comprises the cDNA of the Gal80 binding domain of the Gal4 protein coding for amino acids 851-881, the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA of the SV40 large T antigen coding for amino acids 126-132 , the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 coding for amino acids 406-488.
  • Another example of an activator-responsive promoter activated by two activator subunits is the binding sequence for the Gal4 protein in connection with the SV40 promoter.
  • the first activation unit comprises the cDNA for the DNA binding domain of the Gal4 protein (amino acids 1-147), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the Gal ⁇ O protein (amino acids 1-435).
  • the second activation subunit comprises the cDNA for the Gal80 binding domain of Gal4 (amino acids 851 -881), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 126-132) , the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 coding for amino acids 406-488.
  • activator subunits that activate the activator-responsive promoter, consisting of the binding sequence for the Gal4 protein and the SV40 promoter, is shown
  • a first activation unit which comprises the cDNA for the cytoplasmic domain of the CD4-T-cell cell gene (amino acids 397-435), the 5 'end of which is linked to the 3'-end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 (Amino acids 406-488), the 5 'end of which is in turn linked to the 3' end of the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 16-132) and
  • the second activation unit comprising the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 126-132), the cDNA for the DNA binding domain of the Gal4 protein (amino acids 1-147), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5th 'End of the cDNA for the CD4 binding sequence of the p56 Ick protein (amino acids 1-71). 5) Examples to illustrate the subject of the invention
  • Cells might look like endothelial cells.
  • PBMC peripheral, mononuclear cells of the blood
  • the PBMCs obtained are washed twice in cold PBS and magnet beads (CD14 micro beads, Miltenyi Biotec) coupled with anti-CD14 antibody for 15 min. Incubated at 4 ° C, then washed with cold PBS and suspended in PBS containing 0.002% EDTA and 1% human serum albumin.
  • the CD14 + cells are detached from the column using the Vario MACS Separation kit (Mite ⁇ yi Biotec) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
  • the purity of the CD14 + cells thus produced is in the range between 70% and 95%.
  • FIG. 1 This nucleotide sequence is shown schematically in FIG. 1:
  • FIG. 1 This nucleic acid sequence (FIG. 1) is cloned into a pxP2 plasmid vector (Norden, BioTechniques 6, 454 (1988)).
  • the respective components of the nucleic acid construct are connected to one another via suitable restriction sites which are introduced at the ends of the different components with the aid of PCR amplification.
  • the components are connected with the help of restriction-specific enzymes and with the help of DNA ligases.
  • the CD14 + cells are adjusted to a concentration of 1x10 7 / ml culture medium [medium 199 with 20% fetal calf serum and penicillin / streptomycin / amphotericin (from Gibco-BRL)], sown in 60 mm culture dishes and with a complex from the in b) plasmid shown (coding for VEGF receptor) and Superfect (from Quiagen, Düsseldorf) for 10 min. incubated at 37 ° C.
  • the complex is produced according to the manufacturer of Superfect (Quiagen).
  • the success of the transaction is determined by detecting the VEGF Receptor II (DR) m-RNA using RT-PCR.
  • the RT-PCR is carried out as described by Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993).
  • VEGF receptor II (KDR) expressing CD14 cells are adjusted to 1x10 6 / ml and in the culture medium "EGM-2 (from Biowhittaker), which contains 50 ng / ml VEGF (Pepro Tech, London, England) and 10% fetal calf serum, 5th % Horse serum and 0.8 ⁇ g / ml hydrocortisone had been added, incubated for 7 days.
  • ECM-2 from Biowhittaker
  • the cells are examined immunocytochemically with the method known to those skilled in the art of the alkaline-phosphatase-anti-aicaline phosphatase (APAAP) method using specific antibodies (see Table 1).
  • APAAP alkaline-phosphatase-anti-aicaline phosphatase
  • m-RNAs specifically for CD14, CD31, CD 34, CD36, CD 144 and vWF are detected with the aid of RT-PCR (Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993)).
  • CD54 intercellular adhesion molecule PharMingen (ICAM-1)
  • CD51 / 61 ⁇ v / ß3 integrin complex (vitronectin PharMingen receptor)
  • CD62E E-selectin / ELAM-1 endothelial PharMingen leukocyte adhesion molecule
  • VCAM-1 CD106 vascular cell adhesion molecule PharMingen
  • VE vascular endothelial
  • cadherin 5 CD144 vascular endothelial (VE) -cadherin PharMingen (cadherin 5) cells of the CD14 receptor for LPS-LPS-BP Becton Dickinson monocytic lineage HLA-DR MHC class VI molecule Immunotech
  • DC marker CD1a (lgSF) - -

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing cells which are suitable for treating the human body. According to said method, (a) cells are taken from the human body; (b) the cells obtained in step (a) are transfected in vitro with at least one gene coding for a growth and/or differentiation factor, which gene is under the control of a promoter; so that the cells from step (b) are capable of differentiation in a desired manner once they are re-introduced into the human body. The invention also relates to cells which are obtained by said method and to their use for producing a medicament for treating diseases.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Die gentechnische Prägung von Zellen und ihre Verwendung zur Prophylaxe und Therapie von ErkrankungenThe genetic engineering of cells and their use for the prophylaxis and therapy of diseases
1 ) Grundlagen1) Basics
Die Therapie mit Hilfe der Transplantation von Zellen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. So ist die Transplantation von beispielsweise Knochenmarkzellen ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung von Leukämien oder Tumorerkrankungen nach einer Hoch-Dosis-Chemotherapie. Die Übertragung von Zellen in einen Organismus ist prinzipiell problemlos, wenn die zu übertragenden Zellen ohne Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktion und/oder ihre Überlebensfähigkeit in eine Zellsuspension überführt werden können. Derartige Zellsuspensionen sind relativ einfach in den Kreislauf, in eine Körperhöhle, in ein Organ oder lokal zu verabreichen.Therapy with the aid of cell transplantation is becoming increasingly important. For example, the transplantation of bone marrow cells is an established method for the treatment of leukaemias or tumor diseases after high-dose chemotherapy. In principle, the transfer of cells into an organism is problem-free if the cells to be transferred can be transferred to a cell suspension without impairing their function and / or their survivability. Such cell suspensions are relatively easy to administer into the circulation, into a body cavity, into an organ or locally.
In Fällen, in denen die zu übertragenden Zellen jedoch in einer Differenzierungsstufe benötigt werden, bei welcher die Herstellung einer Zellsuspension zu einer erheblichen Schädigung ihrer Funktion und Überlebensfähigkeit führt, ist eine Verabreichung dieser differenzierten Zellen nur sehr schwer möglich. Dieses ist beispielsweise besonders dann der Fall, wenn Zeilen in der erwünschten Differenzierungsstufe stark adhesiv wachsen und ihre Ablösug vom Zellkulturgefäß zur Herstellung einer Zellsuspensioπ nur mit mechanischen Methoden (z.B. Abschaben) gegebenenfalls mit Zugabe von proteolytischen Enzymen möglich ist.In cases in which the cells to be transferred are required in a differentiation stage, in which the production of a cell suspension leads to considerable damage to their function and survivability, administration of these differentiated cells is very difficult. This is particularly the case, for example, when rows grow strongly adhesive in the desired differentiation stage and their detachment from the cell culture vessel for the production of a cell suspension is only possible with mechanical methods (e.g. scraping), possibly with the addition of proteolytic enzymes.
In Kenntnis dieser Schwierigkeiten wurde ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, um derartige Zellen problemlos transplantieren zu können.Knowing these difficulties, a new method was developed in order to be able to transplant such cells without problems.
2) Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren, in welchem Zellen mindestens ein Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor und/oder mindestens ein Gen für einen Rezeptor eines Wachstums- und/oder Differeπzierungsfaktors eingefügt bekommen und diese Zellen durch das eingeführte Gen gezwungen werden, sich in vitro oder in vivo zu einem Stadium zu differenzieren, in welchem sie die gewünschte Funktion aufweisen. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist diese Funktion verbunden mit einer Integration der transfizierten Zelle in einen Gewebeverband.2) Summary of the invention The invention relates to a method in which cells are inserted at least one gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor and / or at least one gene for a receptor for a growth and / or differentiation factor and these cells are forced to move by the introduced gene to differentiate in vitro or in vivo to a stage in which they have the desired function. In a particular embodiment of the invention, this function is associated with an integration of the transfected cell into a tissue association.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind insbesondere Zellen, in welchen mindestens ein Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor und/oder mindestens ein Gen für den zugehörigen Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differeπzierungsfaktors eingefügt worden ist und die Verwendung dieser Zellen zum Zwecke der Prophylaxe oder Therapie einer Erkrankung.The invention relates in particular to cells in which at least one gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor and / or at least one gene for the associated receptor for the growth and / or differentiation factor has been inserted and the use of these cells for the purpose of prophylaxis or Therapy of a disease.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind des weiteren mononukleare Zellen gewonnen aus dem Knochenmark, lymphatischen Organen, Körperhöhlen, Körperexsudaten, Blut, Blutgefäßen und Bindegewebe, in welche mindestens ein Gen für einen Wachstumsund Differenzierungsfaktor und/oder dessen Rezeptor eingebracht worden ist für die Prophylaxe oder Therapie einer Erkrankung.The invention further relates to mononuclear cells obtained from the bone marrow, lymphatic organs, body cavities, body exudates, blood, blood vessels and connective tissue, into which at least one gene for a growth and differentiation factor and / or its receptor has been introduced for the prophylaxis or therapy of a disease .
Derartige Zellen exprimieren das oder die in sie eingebrachten Gene und erfahren durch den exprimierten Wachstumsfaktor und/oder Rezeptor in der Zellkultur, besonders aber auch nach der Verabreichung in einen Organismus, eine Weiterentwicklung hin zu einem gewünschten Differenzierungsstadium.Such cells express the gene or genes introduced into them and, due to the expressed growth factor and / or receptor in the cell culture, but especially after administration into an organism, experience a further development towards a desired differentiation stage.
Entsprechend der Erfindung wird die Expression des oder der in die Zelle eingebrachten Gene(s) unter die Kontrolle von Promotoren gestellt. Diese Promotoren können unspezifisch, zelltypspezifisch, metabolisch und/oder pharmakologisch aktivierbar und/oder selbstverstärkend sein. Durch die Wahl der jeweiligen Promoteren kann das Wachstum und die Differenzierung der transduzierten Zelle je nach Notwendigkeit gelenkt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Zellen können ohne eine weitere Behandlung bereits als Therapeutikum oder Prophylaktikum verwendet werden.According to the invention, the expression of the gene (s) introduced into the cell is placed under the control of promoters. These promoters can be non-specific, cell type-specific, metabolically and / or pharmacologically activatable and / or self-reinforcing. The growth and differentiation of the transduced cell can be directed as necessary by the choice of the respective promoters. The cells according to the invention can already be used as a therapeutic or prophylactic without further treatment.
Sie können jedoch auch als zelluläre Vektoren für die Gentherapie benutzt werden.However, they can also be used as cellular vectors for gene therapy.
Hierzu werden ihnen in vitro d.h. in der Zellkultur, zusätzliche Nukleotidsequenzen eingefügt, welche unter der Kontrolle von unterschiedlichen Promotoren (z.B. zelltypspezifisch, zellzyklusspezifisch, metabolisch, pharmakologisch aktivierbar und/oder selbstverstärkend) für prophylaktisch oder therapeutisch wirksame Proteine kodieren oder aber für Enzyme für die Aktivierung der Vorstufe eines Arzneimittels in ein Arzneimittel. Beispiele für derartige Nukleotidsequenzen sind für die Prophylaxe und Therapie von Gefäßerkrankungen (EP A 0 777 739), von Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems (EP A 0 777 740), von Tumoren (EP A 0 804 601 ) und von Erkrankungen, die durch das Immunsystem bedingt sind (EP A 0 807 183) in den zitierten Patentanmeldungen wie auch in den Patentanmeldungen EP A 0 859 058, EP A 0 864 651 und DE19752299.8 bereits beschrieben worden.For this purpose, in vitro In the cell culture, additional nucleotide sequences are inserted which, under the control of different promoters (e.g. cell type-specific, cell cycle-specific, metabolic, pharmacologically activatable and / or self-reinforcing), code for prophylactically or therapeutically active proteins or for enzymes for the activation of the precursor of a drug in one Drug. Examples of such nucleotide sequences are for the prophylaxis and therapy of vascular diseases (EP A 0 777 739), diseases of the central nervous system (EP A 0 777 740), tumors (EP A 0 804 601) and diseases caused by the immune system conditional (EP A 0 807 183) have already been described in the cited patent applications as well as in the patent applications EP A 0 859 058, EP A 0 864 651 and DE19752299.8.
Das in dieser Erfindung beanspruchte Verfahren und die durch dieses Verfahren hergstellten Zellen sind neu. Stand der Technik ist es, in vitro in der Zellkultur die Differenzierung durch Zugabe von Wachstumsfaktoren durchzuführen und die differenzierten Zellen nach mechanischer oder proteolytischer Ablösung von dem Zellkulturgefäß zu verwenden.The method claimed in this invention and the cells made by this method are new. The state of the art is to carry out the differentiation in vitro in cell culture by adding growth factors and to use the differentiated cells after mechanical or proteolytic detachment from the cell culture vessel.
Beispielsweise wurden von Asahara et al., Science 275, 964 (1997) aus menschlichem Blut periphere moπonukleare Zellen, insbesondere CD34-positive Zellen, durch Zugabe von Serum und Hirnextrakt vom Rind in der Zellkultur in Endothelzell-ähnliche Zellen differenziert und für die Untersuchung ihrer Eigenschaften verwendet. Für die Injektion in den Organismus wurden diese Zellen jedoch nicht verwendet, da aufgrund ihres Differenzierungsstadiums als Endothelzellen und der hiermit verbundenen starken Adhäsion an das Zellkulturgefäß eine schadensfreie Ablösung und Überführung in eine Einzelsuspension nur schwer möglich gewesen wäre.For example, Asahara et al., Science 275, 964 (1997) differentiated peripheral human cells, in particular CD34-positive cells, from human blood by adding serum and brain extract from bovine in cell culture into endothelial-cell-like cells and for examining them Properties used. These cells were not used for injection into the organism, however, because of their differentiation stage as endothelial cells and the associated strong adhesion to the Cell culture vessel a damage-free detachment and transfer to a single suspension would have been difficult.
Statt dessen wurden frisch aus dem Blut isolierte moπonukleare Zellen injiziert, von denen jedoch bekannt ist, daß sie sich in vivo entsprechend den lokalen Bedingungen in dem jeweiligen Organ, in welchem sie sich ansiedeln, zu unterschiedlichen Zellen differenzieren können und nur zum Teil (Asahara et al., 1997, s.o.) in Endothelzellen.Instead, freshly isolated mononuclear cells were injected, which, however, are known to differentiate into different cells in vivo according to the local conditions in the organ in which they colonize, and only partially (Asahara et al., 1997, see above) in endothelial cells.
Das in dieser Erfindung beanspruchte Verfahren der Prägung von Zellen hin zu einer Differenzierung ist zu unterscheiden von dem literaturbekannten Verfahren der Dedifferenzierung von Zellen. Diese Dedifferenzierung erfolgt durch Einfügung eines Genes in eine Zelle, welches zu einer Immortalisieruhg dieser Zelle führt. Derartige Gene sind beispielsweise:The method of embossing cells towards differentiation claimed in this invention is to be distinguished from the method of dedifferentiating cells known from the literature. This dedifferentiation takes place by inserting a gene into a cell, which leads to immortalization of this cell. Examples of such genes are:
- IE 84 voπ CMV- IE 84 from CMV
(Speir et al., Science 265, 391 (1994))(Speir et al., Science 265, 391 (1994))
- EIA von AV- EIA from AV
(Nevins, Science 258, 424 (1992))(Nevins, Science 258, 424 (1992))
3) Detaillierte Beschreibung der Erfindung3) Detailed description of the invention
Die Auswahl der Ausgangszellen, der Promotoren und der Nukleotidsequenzen kodierend für Rezeptoren und/oder Wachstumsfaktoren und Differenzierungsfaktoren erfolgt entsprechend dem für diese Zellen angestrebten Verwendungszweck, d.h. dem im Organismus angestrebten Differenzierungszustand der Zellen und dem mit diesen Zellen angestrebten therapeutischen Ziel.The selection of the starting cells, the promoters and the nucleotide sequences coding for receptors and / or growth factors and differentiation factors takes place according to the intended use for these cells, i.e. the state of differentiation of the cells sought in the organism and the therapeutic goal sought with these cells.
3.1 ) Angestrebter Differenzierungszustand: Endothelzellen3.1) Desired state of differentiation: endothelial cells
a) Verwendungszweck: - Substitution von Endothelzellen bei Endothelzelldefekten (z.B. nach einer Gefäßdilatation) oder für die Förderung der Angiogeπesea) Intended use: - Substitution of endothelial cells in endothelial cell defects (eg after vascular dilatation) or for the promotion of angiogenesis
- Verwendung als zellulärer Vektor für die Gentherapie wie ausführlich dargestellt in den Patentanmeldungen EP A 0 893 493 und EP A 0 926 236- Use as a cellular vector for gene therapy as described in detail in patent applications EP A 0 893 493 and EP A 0 926 236
b) Auswahl der Ausgangszellen:b) Selection of the output cells:
- mononukleare Zellen gewonnen- Mononuclear cells obtained
* aus dem Blut z.B. aus Venen, Kapillaren, Arterien, der Nabelschnur bzw. der Plazenta* from the blood e.g. from veins, capillaries, arteries, the umbilical cord or the placenta
* aus Knochenmarkzellsuspeπsionen* from bone marrow cell suspensions
* aus Milzzellsuspensioπen* from spleen cell suspensions
* aus Lymphknotenzellsuspensionen* from lymph node cell suspensions
* aus Peritonealzellsuspensionen* from peritoneal cell suspensions
* aus Pleuralzellsuspensionen* from pleural cell suspensions
* aus Lymphe* from lymph
* aus Bindegewebsflüssigkeit (austretend z.B. auf die Oberfläche einer oberflächlich z.B. mechanisch geschädigten Epidermis)* from connective tissue fluid (escaping e.g. on the surface of a superficial e.g. mechanically damaged epidermis)
Erythrozyten, Granulozyten und andere Zellkomponenten werden aus diesen Körperflüssigkeiten durch Dichte-Gradientenzentrifugatioπ und Thrombozyten durch Differentialzentrifugation entsprechend den dem Fachmann bekannten Methoden abgetrenntErythrocytes, granulocytes and other cell components are separated from these body fluids by density gradient centrifugation and thrombocytes by differential centrifugation according to the methods known to the person skilled in the art
- mononukleare Zellen mit Oberflächenmarkem CD34, CD1 1 , CD13, CD14, CD64 und/oder CD68 gewonnen aus Organen, Körperhöhlen oder dem Blut- Mononuclear cells with surface markers CD34, CD1 1, CD13, CD14, CD64 and / or CD68 obtained from organs, body cavities or the blood
Die Isolierung dieser Zellen erfolgt mit den dem Fachmann bekannten Methoden zum Beispiel durch eine Immunadsorption an Trägern, welche mit monoklonalen Antikörpern spezifisch für das jeweilige, Oberflächenantigen beschichtet sind.These cells are isolated using the methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by immunoadsorption on supports which are coated with monoclonal antibodies specifically for the particular surface antigen.
- Endothelzellen Endothelzellen können mit den dem Fachmann bekannten Methoden zum Beispiel aus Fettgewebe, durch Ausschabung von Venen oder durch Ablösung vom Nabelschnurendothel gewonnen werden.- endothelial cells Endothelial cells can be obtained using the methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example from adipose tissue, by scraping veins or by detaching from the umbilical cord endothelium.
c) Auswahl der Gene für Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren und für deren Rezeptorenc) Selection of the genes for growth and differentiation factors and for their receptors
Geeignet sind alle Wachstumsfaktoren und deren Rezeptoren, welche zur Proliferation und zur Differenzierung von Endothelzellen beitragen.All growth factors and their receptors which contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells are suitable.
Hierzu gehören beispielsweise: - WachstumsfaktorenThese include, for example: - growth factors
* vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) und andere KDR oder Fit Liganden wie VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Neuropilin* vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other KDR or Fit ligands such as VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Neuropilin
* fibroblast growth factor (FGFα, FGFß)* fibroblast growth factor (FGFα, FGFß)
* epidermal growth factor (EGF)* epidermal growth factor (EGF)
* Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 , IGF-2)* Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2)
* ß-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF)* ß-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF)
* endothelial cell attachmeπt factor (ECAF)* endothelial cell attach factor (ECAF)
* interleukin-3 (IL-3)* interleukin-3 (IL-3)
* colony stimulating factor- 1 (CSF-1)* colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)
* GM-CSF* GM-CSF
* G-CSF, M-CSF* G-CSF, M-CSF
* interleukin-4 (IL-4)* interleukin-4 (IL-4)
* interleukin-1 (IL-1)* interleukin-1 (IL-1)
* interleukin-8 (IL-8)* interleukin-8 (IL-8)
* platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB)* platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB)
* iπterferoπ γ (IFNγ) * iπterferoπ γ (IFNγ)
* oncostatin M* oncostatin M
* B61* B61
* platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDEGF)* platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDEGF)
* stem cell factor (SCF) * transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) * stem cell factor (SCF) * transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß)
* angiogenin* angiogenin
* pleiotrophin* pleiotrophin
* Flt-3 ligand (FL) - stem cell growth factor (Scg7)* Flt-3 ligand (FL) - stem cell growth factor (Scg7)
* Tie-2 Liganden wie angiopoietin-1* Tie-2 ligands such as angiopoietin-1
* stromal derived factor- 1 (SDF-1 ) und* stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and
* TNFα* TNFα
RezeptorenReceptors
* der VEGF Rezeptor I (Fit)* the VEGF receptor I (Fit)
* der VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR)* the VEGF Receptor II (KDR)
* der VEGF Rezeptor III* the VEGF receptor III
* die FGF Rezeptoren (-1 , -2, -3, -4, -5)* the FGF receptors (-1, -2, -3, -4, -5)
* der IGF Rezeptor* the IGF receptor
* der ECGF Rezeptor* the ECGF receptor
* der ECAF Rezeptor* the ECAF receptor
* der IL-3 Rezeptor* the IL-3 receptor
* der Oncostatin M Rezeptor* the Oncostatin M receptor
* der LIF Rezeptor* the LIF receptor
* der B61 Rezeptor* the B61 receptor
* der PDEGF Rezeptor* the PDEGF receptor
* der SCF Rezeptor* the SCF receptor
* der TGFß Rezeptor* the TGFß receptor
* der Tie-2 Rezeptor* the Tie-2 receptor
* der SDF-1 Rezeptor* the SDF-1 receptor
* der Pleiotrophin Rezeptor* the pleiotrophin receptor
* der EGF Rezeptor* the EGF receptor
* der TNFα Rezeptor und/oder* the TNFα receptor and / or
* der SDF-1 Rezeptor* the SDF-1 receptor
* der PDGF Rezeptor (α und ß) d) Auswahl der Promotoren* the PDGF receptor (α and ß) d) Selection of promoters
- uneingeschränkt aktivierbar, eπdothelzellspezifisch, metabolisch aktivierbar, selbstverstärkend und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbar und Kombinationen hiervon (siehe Abschnitt 4)- fully activatable, eπdothel cell-specific, metabolically activatable, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4)
3.2) Angestrebter Differenzierungszustand: Osteoblasteπ3.2) Desired state of differentiation: osteoblasts
a) Verwendungszweck:a) Intended use:
- Förderung der Knochenheilung (z.B. bei lokaler oder systemischer Verabreichung nach Knochenbrüchen)- Promotion of bone healing (e.g. with local or systemic administration after fractures)
b) Auswahl der Zellen:b) Selection of cells:
- mononukleare Zellen gewonnen wie in 3.1. beschrieben- mononuclear cells obtained as in 3.1. described
- mononukleare Zellen mit den Oberflächenmarkem CD34, CD1 1 , CD13, CD14 und/oder CD68 gewonnen wie in 3.1. beschrieben- Mononuclear cells with the surface markers CD34, CD1 1, CD13, CD14 and / or CD68 obtained as in 3.1. described
- Fibroblasten gewonnen z.B. aus der Unterhaut mit den dem Fachmann bekannten Methoden- Fibroblasts obtained e.g. from the subcutis using the methods known to the person skilled in the art
c) Auswahl der Gene für Rezeptoren von Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren und für Wachstumsfaktoren und Differenzierungsfaktorenc) Selection of the genes for receptors of growth and differentiation factors and for growth factors and differentiation factors
Geeignet sind alle Wachstums- und Differeπzierungsfaktoren, weiche zur Proliferation und zur Differenzierung von Osteoblasten beitragen.All growth and differentiation factors which contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts are suitable.
- Wachstums- und Differeπzierungsfaktoren- Growth and differentiation factors
Hierzu gehören insbesondere die "bone morphogeπic proteins" (BMP) zum Beispiel BMP-1 , BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7 und BMP-8 (Takahara et al., Genomics 29, 9 (1995), Celeste et al., PNAS USA 87, 9843 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., EMBO J. 9, 2085 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25220 (1992), Hino et al., Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 223, 304 (1996), Ruppert et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 237, 295 (1996)), Pleiotrophin (PTN) und Midkine (Kurtz et al., Crit. Rev. Oncogenesis 6, 151 (1995), Int. Dev. Bio. 37, 183 (1993)).These include in particular the "bone morphogenic proteins" (BMP), for example BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7 and BMP-8 (Takahara et al. , Genomics 29, 9 (1995), Celeste et al., PNAS USA 87, 9843 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., EMBO J. 9, 2085 (1990), Ozkaynak et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267 , 1992, 25220, Hino et al., Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 223, 304 (1996), Ruppert et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 237, 295 (1996)), pleiotrophin (PTN) and Midkine (Kurtz et al., Crit. Rev. Oncogenesis 6, 151 (1995), Int. Dev. Bio. 37, 183 (1993)).
RezeptorenReceptors
- Rezeptoren für BMP, PTN und Midkine. d) Auswahl der Promotoren- Receptors for BMP, PTN and Midkine. d) Selection of promoters
- uneingeschränkt aktivierbar, Promotoren der Gene für die BMP metabolisch aktivierbar, selbstverstärkend und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbar und Kombinationen hiervon (siehe Abschnitt 4)- can be activated without restriction, promoters of the genes for the BMP can be metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4)
3.3) Angestrebter Differeπzierungszustand: Gliazellen3.3) Desired state of diffusion: glial cells
a) Verwendungszweck:a) Intended use:
- Förderung der Heilung von Schäden des ZNS- Promote healing of CNS damage
- zellulärer Vektor für die Gentherapie von Erkrankungen und/oder Schäden des ZNS, wie beispielsweise ausführlich dargestellt in der Patentanmeldung EP A 0 777 740- cellular vector for the gene therapy of diseases and / or damage to the CNS, as shown in detail, for example, in patent application EP A 0 777 740
b) Auswahl der Zellen:b) Selection of cells:
- mononukleare Zellen gewonnen wie in 3.1 ) beschrieben- Mononuclear cells obtained as described in 3.1)
- mononukleare Zellen mit den Oberflächenmarkem CD34, CD11 , CD13, CD14 und/oder CD68, gewonnen wie in 3.1 ) beschrieben- Mononuclear cells with the surface markers CD34, CD11, CD13, CD14 and / or CD68, obtained as described in 3.1)
c) Auswahl der Gene für Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren und für die zugehörigen Rezeptorenc) Selection of the genes for growth and differentiation factors and for the associated receptors
Wachstumsfaktoren und DiffereπzierungsfaktorenGrowth factors and differentiation factors
Geeignet im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle Wachstumsfaktoren, welche zum Wachstum und zur Differenzierung von Gliazellen beitragen. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise:All growth factors which contribute to the growth and differentiation of glial cells are suitable for the purposes of the invention. These include, for example:
- der glia growth factor (GGF) (Trachtenberg et al., Nature 379, 174 (1996))- the glia growth factor (GGF) (Trachtenberg et al., Nature 379, 174 (1996))
- das Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4; trk-C) (Funakoshi et al., Science 267, 1495 (1995))- Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4; trk-C) (Funakoshi et al., Science 267, 1495 (1995))
- der brain derived neurotrophic factor (BdNF; trk-B)- the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BdNF; trk-B)
- der ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNF)- the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNF)
- der glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)- the glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
- der nerve growth factor (NGF; trk-A)- the nerve growth factor (NGF; trk-A)
RezeptorenReceptors
Geeignet im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle Rezeptoren für Wachstumsfaktoren, welche zur Proliferation und zur Differenzierung von Gliazellen beitragen.All receptors for growth factors which contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of glial cells are suitable for the purposes of the invention.
Hier gehören beispielsweise:For example:
- der GGF Rezeptor- the GGF receptor
- der NGF Rezeptor- the NGF receptor
- der CNF Rezeptor- the CNF receptor
- der BdNF Rezeptor- the BdNF receptor
- der NT-4 Rezeptor- the NT-4 receptor
- der GDNF Rezeptor- the GDNF receptor
d) Auswahl der Promotorend) Selection of promoters
- uneingeschränkt aktivierbar, Gliazell-spezifisch aktivierbar, metabolisch aktivierbar, selbstverstärkend und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbar und Kombinationen hiervon (siehe Abschnitt 4).- can be activated without restriction, can be activated specifically for glia cells, can be activated metabolically, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4).
3.4) Angestrebter Differenzierungszustand: Synovialzellen3.4) Desired state of differentiation: synovial cells
a) Verwendungszweck:a) Intended use:
- Prophylaxe und Therapie von Gelenkschädeπ b) Zellen- Prophylaxis and therapy of articular damage b) cells
- mononukleare Zellen isoliert entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1 )- mononuclear cells isolated according to section 3.1)
- Blutzellen mit Oberflächenmarken entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1 )- blood cells with surface marks according to section 3.1)
- Fibroblasten, gewonnen entsprechend einer dem Fachmann bekannten Methode- Fibroblasts obtained according to a method known to the person skilled in the art
c) Gene für Wachstumsfaktoren und Differenzierungsfaktoren und deren Rezeptorenc) genes for growth factors and differentiation factors and their receptors
- Wachstumsfaktoren und Differenzierungsfaktoren- growth factors and differentiation factors
Zu diesen Wachstumsfaktoren gehören alle diejenigen Proteine wie z.B. Cytokine, Cytokininhibitoren, Eπzyminhibitoreπ, Antiadhäsionsmoleküle, Antagonisten von Sauerstoffradikalen und Wachstumsfaktoren für Knorpelzellen, welche zu einer antiinflammatorischen Reaktion und Differenzierung von Synovialzellen führen.These growth factors include all those proteins such as Cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, anti-adhesion molecules, antagonists of oxygen radicals and growth factors for cartilage cells, which lead to an anti-inflammatory reaction and differentiation of synovial cells.
Hierzu gehören beispielsweise:These include, for example:
- Transforming growth factor (TGF) ß-1 und -2- Transforming growth factor (TGF) ß-1 and -2
- lnterleukin 10 (IL-10)interleukin 10 (IL-10)
- Insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1)- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
- lnterleukin-4 (IL-4)interleukin-4 (IL-4)
- Interleukin Receptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP)- Interleukin Receptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP)
- Inhibitoren von Metalloproteinasen wie beispielsweise TIMP-1 , -2, -3- Inhibitors of metalloproteinases such as TIMP-1, -2, -3
- Fibroblasten Growth Factor (FGF)- Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)
- lnterleukiπ-6 (IL-6)- Interleukiπ-6 (IL-6)
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1 , -2)- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1, -2)
- Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)- Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
- Superoxiddismutase- superoxide dismutase
- lösliche (extrazelluläre Teile von) Adhäsioπsmolekülen wie beispielsweise von CD18, ICAM-1 , CD44- Soluble (extracellular parts of) adhesion molecules such as CD18, ICAM-1, CD44
- Rezeptoren Hierzu gehören alle diejenigen Rezeptoren deren Aktivierung zu einer antiinflammatorischen Reaktion und Differenzierung von Synovialzellen führt.- receptors This includes all those receptors whose activation leads to an anti-inflammatory reaction and differentiation of synovial cells.
Hierzu gehören beispielsweise: TGFß RezeptorenThese include, for example: TGFß receptors
* IL-10 Rezeptoren * IL-10 receptors
* IGF-1 Rezeptoren * IGF-1 receptors
* IL-4 Rezeptoren* IL-4 receptors
* bFGF Rezeptoren* bFGF receptors
d) Promotorend) promoters
- nicht spezifisch, Lymphozyteπ- und/oder Makrophagen-spezifisch und/oder Synovialzellen-spezifisch (siehe Abschnitt 4)- not specific, lymphocyte and / or macrophage specific and / or synovial cell specific (see section 4)
3.5) Angestrebter Differenzierungszustand: entzündungshemmende Zellen3.5) Desired state of differentiation: anti-inflammatory cells
a) Verwendungszweck:a) Intended use:
- Prophylaxe und Therapie von Entzündungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und Organabstoßungen- Prophylaxis and therapy of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and organ rejection
b) Zellen:b) cells:
- mononukleare Blutzellen isoliert entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1)- mononuclear blood cells isolated according to section 3.1)
- Zellen mit Oberflächeπmarker isoliert entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1 )- cells with surface marker isolated in accordance with section 3.1)
- Fibroblasten- fibroblasts
c) Gene für Wachstumsfaktoreπ und Differenzierungsfaktoren und/oder deren Rezeptorenc) genes for growth factors and differentiation factors and / or their receptors
Geeignet im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle antiallergisch oder die Antikörperreaktion oder die zelluläre Immunreaktioπ inhibierenden Cytokine und deren Rezeptoren. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise:Suitable for the purposes of the invention are all anti-allergic or cytokines and their receptors which inhibit the antibody reaction or the cellular immune reaction. These include, for example:
- Cytokine- cytokines
* Interferone (IFNα, IFNß, IFNγ) * Interferons (IFNα, IFNß, IFNγ)
* lnterleukin-4 (IL-4) * Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
* lπterleukin-6 (IL-6)* lπterleukin-6 (IL-6)
* lnterleukin-9 (IL-9)* Interleukin-9 (IL-9)
* lnterieukin-13 (IL-13) * Interukin-13 (IL-13)
* LIF* LIF
* Oncostatin* Oncostatin
* lnterleukin-10 (IL-10)* Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
* lnterleukin-12 (IL-12)* Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
* TGFß * TGFß
* Tumor Nekrose Faktor α (TNFα)* Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)
* TNFß * TNFß
* lnterleukin-1 Rezeptor Aπtagonist (IL-1 RA) * Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA)
- Rezeptoren- receptors
■* Rezeptoren für IFNα, -ß, -γ ■ * receptors for IFNα, -ß, -γ
* löslicher IL-4 Rezeptor * soluble IL-4 receptor
* IL-4 Rezeptor* IL-4 receptor
* IL-6 Rezeptor löslicher IL-6 Rezeptor löslicher IL-2 Rezeptor * IL-6 receptor soluble IL-6 receptor soluble IL-2 receptor
* IL-10 Rezeptor * IL-10 receptor
* IL-12-Rezeptor * IL-12 receptor
* IL-13 Rezeptor * IL-13 receptor
* TNFα Rezeptor TNFß Rezeptor * TNFα receptor TNFß receptor
* TGFß Rezeptor d) Auswahl der Promotoren * TGFß receptor d) Selection of promoters
- uneingeschränkt aktivierbar, Lymphozyten und/oder Makrophageπ spezifisch aktivierbar, metabolisch aktivierbar, selbstverstärkend und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbar und Kombinationen hiervon (siehe Abschnitt 4).- Can be activated without restriction, lymphocytes and / or macrophages can be specifically activated, metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and combinations thereof (see section 4).
3.6) Angestrebter Differenzierungszustand: an der Entzündung beteiligte Zellen3.6) Desired state of differentiation: cells involved in inflammation
a) Verwendungszweck:a) Intended use:
- Unterstützung von Entzündungs- und Abstoßungsreaktioπen beispielsweise im Rahmen von Infektionen oder Tumorerkrankungen.- Supporting inflammatory and rejection reactions, for example in the context of infections or tumor diseases.
b) Zellen:b) cells:
- mononukleare Blutzellen isoliert entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1)- mononuclear blood cells isolated according to section 3.1)
- Zellen mit Oberflächenmarker isoliert entsprechend Abschnitt 3.1 )- cells with surface markers isolated according to section 3.1)
- Fibroblasten- fibroblasts
c) Gene für Wachstums- und Differeπzierungsfaktoren und/oder deren Rezeptorenc) genes for growth and differentiation factors and / or their receptors
Geeignet im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle Cytokine und/oder deren Rezeptoren, die eine Antikörper vermittelte oder eine zelluläre immunreaktion fördern.All cytokines and / or their receptors which promote an antibody-mediated or a cellular immune reaction are suitable for the purposes of the invention.
Hierzu gehören beispielsweise: - WachstumsfaktorenThese include, for example: - growth factors
* lnterleukin-1* Interleukin-1
* lnterleukin-2* Interleukin-2
* lnterleukin-4 * Interleukin-4
* lnterleukin-5* Interleukin-5
* lnterleukin-6* Interleukin-6
* LIF * LIF
■ * lnterleukin-7 ■ * Interleukin-7
* lnterleukin-8 * lnterleukin-11 * Interleukin-8 * Interleukin-11
* GM-CSF* GM-CSF
* M-CSF* M-CSF
* G-CSF* G-CSF
* IFNα, -ß, -γ* IFNα, -ß, -γ
- Rezeptoren- receptors
* IL-1 Rezeptor* IL-1 receptor
* IL-2 Rezeptor* IL-2 receptor
* IFNα, -ß, -γ Rezeptor* IFNα, -ß, -γ receptor
* IL-3 Rezeptor* IL-3 receptor
* IL-5 Rezeptor* IL-5 receptor
* IL-6 Rezeptor* IL-6 receptor
* GM-CSF Rezeptor* GM-CSF receptor
* M-CSF Rezeptor* M-CSF receptor
* Integriπ beta 2 proteins* Integriπ beta 2 proteins
d) Promotorend) promoters
- uneingeschränkt aktivierbar, Lymphozyteπ und/oder Makrophagen spezifisch aktivierbar, metabolisch aktivierbar, selbstverstärkend und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbar und Kombinatineπ hiervon (siehe Abschnitt 4).- Can be activated without restriction, lymphocytes and / or macrophages specifically activated, metabolically activated, self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable and Kombinatineπ thereof (see section 4).
4) Wahl der Promotoren4) Choice of promoters
Im Sinne der Erfindung sind als Promotorsequenzen Nukleotidsequenzen zu verwenden, welche nach Bindung von Transkπptionsfaktoren die Transkription eines am 3'-Ende benachbart gelegenen Transgenes, wie beispielsweise eines Genes für einen Rezeptor eines Wachstumsfaktors oder Differenzierungsfaktors oder eines Genes für einen Wachstumsfaktor oder Differenzierungsfaktor aktivieren. Im Sinne der Erfindung wird in die erfindungsgemäße Zelle mindestens eine Promotorsequeπz eingefügt. Diese Promotorsequenz kann mit mindestens einer weiteren Promotorsequenz kombiniert werden. Die Wahl der mit dem zu kombinierenden Promotorsequenz richtet sich nach der zu behandelnden Erkrankung. So kann die Promotorsequenz uneingeschränkt, endothelzellspezifisch, unter bestimmten metabolischen Bedingungen, wie beispielsweise durch Hypoxie induzierbar oder durch ein Pharmakon induzierbar, virusspezifisch und/oder zellzyklusspezifisch aktivierbar sein. Derartige Promotoren wurden bereits in den Patentanmeldungen EP A 0 804 601 ; EP A 0 777 739; EP A 0 807 183; EP A 0 777 740; EP A 0 753 580; EP A 0 857 781 , EP A 0 790 313; EP A 0 860 445; EP A 0 864 651 und EP A 0 805 209 aufgeführt. Auf diese Patentanmeldungen wird Bezug genommen. Zu den auszuwählenden Promotorsequenzen gehören beispielsweise:For the purposes of the invention, nucleotide sequences are to be used as promoter sequences which, after binding transcription factors, activate the transcription of a transgene located at the 3 'end, such as a gene for a receptor of a growth factor or differentiation factor or a gene for a growth factor or differentiation factor. For the purposes of the invention, at least one promoter sequence is inserted into the cell according to the invention. This promoter sequence can be combined with at least one further promoter sequence. The choice of which to combine with The promoter sequence depends on the disease to be treated. Thus, the promoter sequence can be activated without restriction, endothelial cell-specific, under certain metabolic conditions, such as, for example, by hypoxia or inducible by a pharmacon, virus-specific and / or cell cycle-specific. Such promoters have already been described in patent applications EP A 0 804 601; EP A 0 777 739; EP A 0 807 183; EP A 0 777 740; EP A 0 753 580; EP A 0 857 781, EP A 0 790 313; EP A 0 860 445; EP A 0 864 651 and EP A 0 805 209. Reference is made to these patent applications. The promoter sequences to be selected include, for example:
4.1 ) Uneingeschränkt aktivierbare Promotoren und Aktivatorsequenzen wie beispielsweise4.1) Promoters and activator sequences which can be activated without restriction, for example
- der Promotor der RNA-Polymerase lll- The promoter of RNA polymerase III
- der Promotor der RNA-Polymerase II- the promoter of RNA polymerase II
- der CMV-Promotor und -Enhancer- the CMV promoter and enhancer
- der SV40 Promotor- the SV40 promoter
4.2) Metabolisch aktivierbare Promotor- und Enhancersequenzen4.2) Metabolically activatable promoter and enhancer sequences
We beispielsweise der durch Hypoxie induzierbare Enhancer (Semenza et al., PNAS 88: 5680 (1991 ), McBurπey et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 19: 5755 (1991)).We, for example, the enhancer inducible by hypoxia (Semenza et al., PNAS 88: 5680 (1991), McBurπey et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 19: 5755 (1991)).
4.3) Zellzyklusspezifisch aktivierbare Promotoren4.3) Promoters that can be activated specifically for the cell cycle
Solche sind beispielsweise der Promotor des cdc25B Gens, des cdc25C Gens, des Cycliπ A Gens, des cdc2 Gens, des B-myb Gens, des DHFR-Geπs, des E2F-1 Gens oder aber Bindesequenzen für während der Zellproliferation auftretende oder aktivierte Transkriptionsfaktoren. Zu diesen Bindesequenzen gehören beispielsweise Bindesequenzen für c-myc-Proteiπe. Zu diesen Bindesequenzen sind Monomere oder Multimere der als Myc E-Box bezeichneten Nukleotidsequenz (5'- GGAAGCAGACCACGTGGTCTGCTTCC-3' (SEQ ID NO.: 1 ); Blackwood and Eisenmann, Science 251 , 121 1 (1991 )) zu zählen. 4.4) Selbstverstärkende und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbare PromotorenSuch are, for example, the promoter of the cdc25B gene, the cdc25C gene, the Cycliπ A gene, the cdc2 gene, the B-myb gene, the DHFR gene, the E2F-1 gene or else binding sequences for transcription factors occurring or activated during cell proliferation. These binding sequences include, for example, binding sequences for c-myc proteins. These binding sequences include monomers or multimers of the nucleotide sequence designated as Myc E-Box (5'-GGAAGCAGACCACGTGGTCTGCTTCC-3 '(SEQ ID NO .: 1); Blackwood and Eisenmann, Science 251, 121 1 (1991)). 4.4) Self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable promoters
Im einfachsten Falle kann bei der Kombination von gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Promotoren ein Promotor induzierbar sein, beispielsweise in Form eines durch Tetrazyklin aktivierbaren bzw. abschaltbaren Promotors in Form des Tetracyclin- Operators in Kombination mit einem entsprechenden Repressor.In the simplest case, when combining the same or different promoters, a promoter can be inducible, for example in the form of a promoter which can be activated or deactivated by tetracycline in the form of the tetracycline operator in combination with a corresponding repressor.
Entsprechend der Erfindung kann der Promotor jedoch auch selbstverstärkend sein mit oder auch ohne einer pharmakologisch kontrollierbaren Promotoreinheit.According to the invention, however, the promoter can also be self-reinforcing with or without a pharmacologically controllable promoter unit.
Derartige selbstverstärkende und/oder pharmakologisch kontrollierbare Promotoren wurden bereits in der Patentanmeldung EP A 0 848 061 beschrieben, auf weiche ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird.Such self-reinforcing and / or pharmacologically controllable promoters have already been described in patent application EP A 0 848 061, to which express reference is made.
4.5) Endothelzellspezifisch aktivierbare Promotoren4.5) Promoters that can be activated specifically for endothelial cells
Hierzu zählen Promotoren oder Aktivatorsequenzen aus Promotoren oderThese include promoters or activator sequences from promoters or
Enhancern von solchen Genen, die für Proteine bevorzugt gebildet in Endothelzellen kodieren.Enhancers of those genes that code for proteins preferentially formed in endothelial cells.
Im Sinne der Erfindung sind Promotoren der Gene für folgende Proteine beispielsweise zu verwenden:For the purposes of the invention, promoters of the genes for the following proteins are to be used, for example:
- Hirnspezifischer, endothelialer Glucose-1 -Transporter- Brain-specific, endothelial glucose-1 transporter
- Endoglin- Endoglin
- VEGF-Rezeptor-1 (flt-1 )- VEGF receptor-1 (flt-1)
- VEGF-Rezeptor-2 (flk-1 , KDR)- VEGF receptor-2 (flk-1, KDR)
- VEGF Rezeptor-3- VEGF receptor-3
- tie-1 oder tie-2- tie-1 or tie-2
- B61 -Rezeptor (Eck-Rezeptor)- B61 receptor (corner receptor)
- B61 - Endothelin, im speziellen Endothelin B oder Endothelin-1- B61 - Endothelin, in particular Endothelin B or Endothelin-1
- Endothelin-Rezeptoren, insbesondere der Endothelin B-Rezeptor- Endothelin receptors, especially the endothelin B receptor
- Mannose-6-Phosphat-Rezeptoren- Mannose-6-phosphate receptors
- von Willebrand Faktor- von Willebrand factor
- IL-1α, IL-1ß- IL-1α, IL-1ß
- IL-1 -Rezeptor- IL-1 receptor
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM-1 )- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM-1)
- Interstitial Cell Adhesion Molecule (LCAM-3)- Interstitial Cell Adhesion Molecule (LCAM-3)
- synthetische Aktivatorsequenzen- synthetic activator sequences
- platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)- platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)
Als Alternative zu natürlichen endothelzellspezifischen Promotoren lassen sich auch synthetische Aktivatorsequenzen verwenden, die aus oligomerisierten Bindestellen für Transkriptionsfaktoren, die preferentiell oder selektiv in Endothelzellen aktiv sind, bestehen. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der Transkriptionsfaktor GATA-2, dessen Bindestelle im Endothelin-1 Gen 5'-TTATCT-3' ist (Lee et al., Biol. Chem. 16188 (1991 ), Dormann et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1279 (1992) und Wilson et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 4854 (1990)).As an alternative to natural endothelial cell-specific promoters, synthetic activator sequences can also be used which consist of oligomerized binding sites for transcription factors which are preferentially or selectively active in endothelial cells. An example of this is the transcription factor GATA-2, whose binding site in the endothelin-1 gene is 5'-TTATCT-3 '(Lee et al., Biol. Chem. 16188 (1991), Dormann et al., J. Biol. Chem 1279 (1992) and Wilson et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 4854 (1990)).
4.6) Gliazell-spezifisch aktivierbare Promotoren4.6) Promoters that can be activated specifically for glial cells
Promotoren und Aktivatorsequenzen, die in Gliazellen aktiviert werden, sind z.B. genregulatorische Sequenzen aus Genen, die beispielsweise für folgende Proteine kodieren: das Schwammzeil-spezifische Protein Periaxin, Glutaminsynthetase, das Gliazell-spezifische Protein (Glial fibrillary acid protein = GFAP), das Gliazellprotein S100, IL-6, CNTF, 5-HAT-Rezeptoren, TNFα, IL-10, Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor I and II oder VEGF.Promoters and activator sequences that are activated in glial cells are e.g. gene regulatory sequences from genes that code, for example, for the following proteins: the sponge-line-specific protein periaxin, glutamine synthetase, the glial cell-specific protein (Glial fibrillary acid protein = GFAP), the glial cell protein S100, IL-6, CNTF, 5-HAT receptors , TNFα, IL-10, insulin-like growth factor receptor I and II or VEGF.
4.7) Synovialzell-spezifisch aktivierbare Promotoren4.7) Promoters that can be activated specifically for synovial cells
Promotor- und Aktivatorsequenzen, die in Synovialzellen aktiviert werden, sind beispielsweise die Promotorsequenzen von Genen kodierend für Matrix- Metalloproteinasen (MMP), wie z.B. MMP-1 (interstitielle Kollagenase), MMP-3 (Stromelysin/Transiπ) oder Tissue Inhibitors of Metallproteinases (TIMP), wie TIMP- 1 , -2, -3.Promoter and activator sequences that are activated in synovial cells are, for example, the promoter sequences of genes coding for matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP), such as MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-3 (Stromelysin / Transiπ) or tissue inhibitors of metal proteinases (TIMP), such as TIMP-1, -2, -3.
4.8 Lymphozyten- und/oder Makrophagen-spezifisch aktivierbare Promotoren4.8 Lymphocyte and / or macrophage-specific activators that can be activated
Promotoren und Aktivatorsequenzeπ, die in Lymphozyten und/oder Makrophageπ aktiviert weden, sind beispielsweise die Promotor- und Aktivatorsequenzeπ der Gene kodierend für Cytokine, Cytokinrezeptoren und Adhäsionsmoleküle und Rezeptoren für das Fc-Fragment von Antikörpern wie z.B. IL-1 Rezeptor, IL-1α, IL-1 ß, IL-2, IL-2 Rezeptor, IL-3, IL-3 Rezeptor (α-subunit), IL-3 Rezeptor (ß-subunit), IL-4, IL-4 Rezeptor, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6 Rezeptor, Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1 ), wobei der Promotor von IRF-1 durch IL-6 gleichermaßen aktiviert wird wie durch IFNγ oder IFNß, IFNγ Responsive Promoter, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11 , IFNγ, GM-CSF, GM-CSF- Rezeptor (α-kette), IL-13, LIF, Makrophagen-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF)- Rezeptor, Typ I und II Makrophagen Scavenger Rezeptoren, MAC-1 (Leukozytenfunktionsantigen) LFA-1α (Leukozytenfunktionsantigen) oder p150,95 (Leukozyteπfunktionsantigen).Promoters and activator sequences that are activated in lymphocytes and / or macrophages are, for example, the promoter and activator sequences of the genes coding for cytokines, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules and receptors for the Fc fragment of antibodies such as e.g. IL-1 receptor, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-2 receptor, IL-3, IL-3 receptor (α-subunit), IL-3 receptor (β-subunit), IL-4 , IL-4 receptor, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6 receptor, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), the promoter of IRF-1 being activated by IL-6 as well as by IFNγ or IFNß, IFNγ Responsive promoter, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IFNγ, GM-CSF, GM-CSF receptor (α chain), IL-13, LIF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M- CSF) - receptor, type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, MAC-1 (leukocyte functional antigen) LFA-1α (leukocyte functional antigen) or p150.95 (leukocyte functional antigen).
4.9) Kombination von gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Promotoren Die Kombination von gleichen Promotoren erfolgt beispielsweise durch hintereinander Verknüpfung von mehreren Promotoren in der Leserichtung von 5' nach 3' der Nukleotidsequenz.4.9) Combination of the Same or Different Promoters The combination of the same promoters takes place, for example, by linking several promoters in succession in the reading direction from 5 'to 3' of the nucleotide sequence.
Zur Kombination von gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Promotoren werden bevorzugterweise jedoch Technologien eingesetzt, welche bereits in den Patentanmeldungen WO 96/06943; EP A 0 790 313; EP A 0 860 445; EP A 0 864 651 ; EP A 0 805 209; EP A 0 848 063 und EP A 0 848 061 im Detail beschrieben wurden. Auf diese Patentanmeldungen-wird im Rahmen dieser Erfindung ausdrücklich Bezug genommen. Beispiele für derartige Technologien sind: 4.10) Chimäre PromotoreπFor the combination of the same or different promoters, however, technologies are preferably used which are already described in patent applications WO 96/06943; EP A 0 790 313; EP A 0 860 445; EP A 0 864 651; EP A 0 805 209; EP A 0 848 063 and EP A 0 848 061 have been described in detail. Reference is expressly made to these patent applications in the context of this invention. Examples of such technologies are: 4.10) Chimeric promoters
Ein chimärer Promotor stellt die Kombination einer stromaufwärtsgelegenen zellspezifisch, metabolisch oder virusspezifisch aktivierbaren Aktivatorsequenz mit einem stromabwärts gelegenen Promotormodul dar, welches die Nukleotidsequenz CDE-CHR oder E2FBS-CHR enthält, an welche suppressive Proteine binden, die hierdurch die Aktivierung der stromaufwärts gelegenen Aktivatorsequenz in Go- und d-Phase des Zellzyklus hemmen können (WO 96/06943; Lucibello et al., EMBO J., 12 (1994)).A chimeric promoter represents the combination of an upstream cell-specific, metabolically or virus-specific activator sequence with a downstream promoter module which contains the nucleotide sequence CDE-CHR or E2FBS-CHR, to which suppressive proteins bind, which hereby activates the upstream activator sequence in Go and can inhibit the d phase of the cell cycle (WO 96/06943; Lucibello et al., EMBO J., 12 (1994)).
Weiterführende Untersuchungen zur Funktionsweise, insbesondere des Promotorelementes CDE-CHR, ergaben, daß die durch das CDE-CHR Element zellzyklusabhängige Regulation einer stromaufwärts gelegenen Aktivatorsequenz weitgehend davon abhängig ist, daß die Aktivierungssequenz von Transkriptionsfaktoren mit glutaminreichen Aktivierungsdomänen aktiviert wird (Zwicker et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 3822 (1995)).Further studies on the mode of operation, in particular of the promoter element CDE-CHR, showed that the regulation of an upstream activator sequence by the CDE-CHR element is largely dependent on the activation sequence being activated by transcription factors with glutamine-rich activation domains (Zwicker et al., Nucl Acids Res., 3822 (1995)).
Zu derartigen Transkriptionsfaktoren gehören beispielsweise Sp1 und NF-Y.Such transcription factors include, for example, Sp1 and NF-Y.
Dieses schränkt koπsequenterweise die Verwendung des Promotorelementes CDE- CHR für Chimäre Promotoren ein. Gleiches ist für das Promotorelement E2F-BS- CHB des B-myb Genes anzunehmen (Zwicker et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 23, 3822 (1995)).This consequently limits the use of the promoter element CDE-CHR for chimeric promoters. The same can be assumed for the promoter element E2F-BS-CHB of the B-myb gene (Zwicker et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 23, 3822 (1995)).
4.11) Hybride Promotoren4.11) Hybrid promoters
Die hybriden Promotoren sind in der Patentanmeldung EP A 0 848 063 bereits beschrieben worden. Für die Kombination des endothelzellspezifischen Promotors mit mindestens einem weiteren Promotor wird beispielsweise ein Genkonstrukt gewählt, welches insgesamt die folgenden Komponenten enthält: Die Nukleotidsequenz des endothelzellspezifischen Promotors in einer Form, bei welcher mindestens eine Bindestelle für einen Transkriptionsfaktor mutiert ist. Durch diese Mutation wird die Initiation der Transkription des Effektorgenes blockiert.The hybrid promoters have already been described in patent application EP A 0 848 063. For the combination of the endothelial cell-specific promoter with at least one further promoter, for example, a gene construct is selected which contains the following components in total: The nucleotide sequence of the endothelial cell-specific promoter in a form in which at least one binding site is mutated for a transcription factor. This mutation blocks the initiation of the transcription of the effector gene.
Ein Transgen, das als Effektorgen für einen Wirkstoff kodiert.A transgene that codes as an effector gene for an active ingredient.
Mindestens eine weitere unspezifisch, zellspezifisch, virusspezifisch, durch Tetrazyklin und/oder zellzyklusspezifisch aktivierbare Promotor- oder Enhancersequenz, welche die Transkription mindestens eines Genes für mindestens einen Transkriptionsfaktor aktiviert, welcher derartig mutiert ist, daß er an die mutierte(n) Bindestelle(n) in dem endothelzellspezifischen Promotor binden und diesen aktiveren kann.At least one further unspecific, cell-specific, virus-specific, promoter or enhancer sequence which can be activated by tetracycline and / or cell cycle-specific and which activates the transcription of at least one gene for at least one transcription factor which is mutated in such a way that it binds to the mutated binding site (s). can bind in the endothelial cell-specific promoter and activate it.
In einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform dieser Erfindung kann die Mutation in der Promotorsequenz z.B. eine Mutation der TATA-Box des cdc25B Promotors darstellen.In an exemplary embodiment of this invention, the mutation in the promoter sequence can e.g. represent a mutation of the TATA box of the cdc25B promoter.
Die Mutation der TATA kann beispielsweise TGTATAA sein. Durch diese Mutation wird die DNA-Bindungsstelle des normalen TATA-Box bindenden Proteins (TBP) nicht mehr erkannt und das Effektorgen nicht mehr effizient transkribiert. Entsprechend muß die Nukleinsäuresequenz, welche für das TBP kodiert, eine Komutation aufweisen. Durch diese Komutation bindet das TBP an die mutierte TATA-Box (z.B. an TGTATAA) und führt damit zur effizienten Transkription des Effektorgenes. Derartige Komutationen des TBP-Genes sind beispielsweise von Strubin und Struhl (Cell, 721 (1992)) und von Heard et al. (EMBO J., 3519 (1993)) beschrieben worden.The mutation of the TATA can be, for example, TGTATAA. As a result of this mutation, the DNA binding site of the normal TATA box-binding protein (TBP) is no longer recognized and the effector gene is no longer efficiently transcribed. Accordingly, the nucleic acid sequence which codes for the TBP must have a commutation. Through this commutation, the TBP binds to the mutated TATA box (e.g. to TGTATAA) and thus leads to the efficient transcription of the effector gene. Such commutations of the TBP gene are described, for example, by Strubin and Struhl (Cell, 721 (1992)) and by Heard et al. (EMBO J., 3519 (1993)).
4.12) Multiple Promotoren in Kombination mit einem nuklearen Retentions- Signal und einem nuklearen Export-Faktor4.12) Multiple promoters in combination with a nuclear retention signal and a nuclear export factor
Diese Technologie ist in der Patentanmeldung EP A 0 805 209 bereits ausführlich beschrieben worden. Auf diese Patentanmeldung wird Bezug genommen. Ein derartiger Promotor enthält erfinduπgsgemäß folgende Komponenten:This technology has already been described in detail in patent application EP A 0 805 209. Reference is made to this patent application. According to the invention, such a promoter contains the following components:
- Eine erste endothelzellspezifische, aktivierbare Promotor- oder Enhancersequenz, die die basale Transkription eines Transgens aktiviert.- A first endothelial cell-specific, activatable promoter or enhancer sequence that activates the basal transcription of a transgene.
- Ein Transgen, das als Effektorgen für einen Wirkstoff kodiert.- A transgene that codes as an effector gene for an active ingredient.
- Ein nukleares Retentions-Signal (NRS), dessen cDNA am 5'-Ende mit dem 3'- Ende des Strukturgenes (b) mittelbar oder unmittelbar verknüpft ist.- A nuclear retention signal (NRS) whose cDNA at the 5 'end is linked directly or indirectly to the 3' end of the structural gene (b).
- Bevorzugterweise hat das Transkriptionsprodukt des nuklearen Retentions- Signals eine Bindestruktur für einen nuklearen Export-Faktor.- The transcription product of the nuclear retention signal preferably has a binding structure for a nuclear export factor.
- Eine weitere unspezifische, zelispezifische, virusspezifische, metabolisch und/oder zellzyklusspezifisch aktivierbare Promotor- oder Enhancersequenz, welche die basale Transkription eines nuklearen Export-Faktors aktiviert.- Another non-specific, cell-specific, virus-specific, metabolic and / or cell cycle-specific activatable promoter or enhancer sequence that activates the basal transcription of a nuclear export factor.
- Eine Nukleiπsäure kodierend für einen nuklearen Export-Faktor (NEF), der an das Transkriptionsprodukt des nuklearen Retentions-Signals bindet und hierdurch den Transport des Transkriptionsproduktes des Transgenes aus dem Zellkern vermittelt.- A nucleic acid coding for a nuclear export factor (NEF) which binds to the transcription product of the nuclear retention signal and thereby mediates the transport of the transcription product of the transgene from the cell nucleus.
Bevorzugt wird das Gen kodierend für das nukleare Retentions-Signal ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend das Rev- responsive Element (RRE) von HIV-1 oder HIV-2, das RRE-äquivaleπte Retentions-Signal von Retroviren oder das RRE- äquivalente Retentions-Signal des HBV.The gene coding for the nuclear retention signal is preferably selected from the group comprising the Rev-responsive element (RRE) of HIV-1 or HIV-2, the RRE-equivalent retention signal of retroviruses or the RRE-equivalent retention signal of the HBV.
Der nukleare Export-Faktor ist bevorzugterweise ein Gen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend das Rev-Gen der Viren HIV-1 , HIV-2, Visna-Maidi Virus, Caprine arthritis encephaiitis Virus, das Virus der infektiösen Anämie des Pferdes, das Immundefizienzvirus der Katze, von Retroviren, von HTLV oder das Gen des hnRNP-A1 -Proteins oder das Gen des Transkriptionsfaktors TFIII-A.The nuclear export factor is preferably a gene selected from the group comprising the Rev gene of the viruses HIV-1, HIV-2, Visna-Maidi virus, Caprine arthritis encephaiitis virus, the virus of the infectious anemia of the horse, the immunodeficiency virus of the cat , of retroviruses, of HTLV or the gene of the hnRNP-A1 protein or the gene of the transcription factor TFIII-A.
4.13) Aktivator-responsive Promotoreinheit4.13) Activator-responsive promoter unit
Aktivator-respoπsive Promotoreinheiteπ sind in der Patentanmeldung EP A 0 805Activator-respoπsive promoter units are in patent application EP A 0 805
209 bereits im Detail beschrieben worden. Auf diese Patentanmeldung wird Bezug genommen. Eine Aktivator-responsive Promotoreinheit besteht aus folgenden Komponenten:209 has already been described in detail. Reference is made to this patent application. An activator-responsive promoter unit consists of the following components:
- eine oder mehrere gleiche oder unterschiedliche Promotor- oder Enhancer- sequenz(en), die beispielsweise zellzyklusspezifisch, zellproliferationsabhängig, metabolisch, endothelzellspezifisch oder virusspezifisch oder sowohl zellzyklusspezifisch als auch metabolisch, endothelzellspezifisch oder virusspezifisch (sogenannte Chimäre Promotoren) aktivierbar ist bzw. sind- One or more identical or different promoter or enhancer sequence (s) which can be activated, for example, cell cycle-specific, cell proliferation-dependent, metabolically, endothelial cell-specific or virus-specific or both cell cycle-specific and metabolically, endothelial cell-specific or virus-specific (so-called chimeric promoters)
- eine oder mehrere gleiche oder unterschiedliche Aktivatorsubeiπheit(en), welche jeweils stromabwärts von den Promotor- oder Enhancersequenzen gelegen und durch diese in ihrer basalen Transkription aktiviert wird bzw. werdenone or more identical or different activator units, which are located downstream of the promoter or enhancer sequences and are activated by their basal transcription
- einen Aktivator-responsiven Promotor, welcher durch die Expressionsprodukte von einer oder mehreren Aktivatorsubeinheit(en) aktiviert wird.an activator-responsive promoter, which is activated by the expression products of one or more activator subunit (s).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können erfindungsgemäße Aktivator- responsive Promotoreinheiten Bindesequenzen für chimäre Transkriptionsfaktoren aus DNA-Bindungsdomänen, Protein-Proteininteraktionsdomänen und Transaktivierungsdomänen darstellen. Alle in der Anmeldung genannten Transkriptionsfaktorbindungsstellen können einfach (Monomere) oder in mehreren Kopien (Multimere beispielsweise bis zu 10 Kopien) vorliegen.In a preferred embodiment, activator-responsive promoter units according to the invention can represent binding sequences for chimeric transcription factors from DNA-binding domains, protein-protein interaction domains and transactivation domains. All of the transcription factor binding sites mentioned in the application can be single (monomers) or in multiple copies (multimers, for example up to 10 copies).
Ein Beispiel für einen Aktivator-responsiven Promotor aktiviert durch zwei Aktiva- torsubeinheiten stellt der LexA-Operator in Verbindung mit dem SV40-Promotor dar. Die erste Aktivatorsubeinheit umfaßt die cDNA für das LexA-DNA-Bindeprotein kodierend für die Aminosäuren 1-81 oder 1-202, deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA für das Gal80-Protein (Aminosäuren 1-435).The LexA operator in conjunction with the SV40 promoter is an example of an activator-responsive promoter activated by two activator subunits. The first activator subunit comprises the cDNA for the LexA DNA binding protein coding for amino acids 1-81 or 1 -202, the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the Gal80 protein (amino acids 1-435).
Die zweiter Aktivatorsubeinheit umfaßt die cDNA der Gal80-Bindungsdomäne des Gal4-Proteins kodierend für die Aminosäuren 851-881 , deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA des SV40 large T-Antigens kodierend für die Aminosäuren 126-132, deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA für die Transaktivierungsdomäne des VP16 von HSV-1 kodierend für die Aminosäuren 406- 488. Ein weiteres Beispiel für einen Aktivator-responsiven Promotor aktiviert durch zwei Aktivatorsubeinheiten stellt die Bindesequenz für das Gal4-Protein in Verbindung mit dem SV40-Promotor dar.The second activator subunit comprises the cDNA of the Gal80 binding domain of the Gal4 protein coding for amino acids 851-881, the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA of the SV40 large T antigen coding for amino acids 126-132 , the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 coding for amino acids 406-488. Another example of an activator-responsive promoter activated by two activator subunits is the binding sequence for the Gal4 protein in connection with the SV40 promoter.
Die erste Aktivierungseinheit umfaßt die cDNA für die DNA-Bindedomäne des Gal4- Proteins (Aminosäuren 1-147), deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA für das GalδO-Protein (Aminosäuren 1-435).The first activation unit comprises the cDNA for the DNA binding domain of the Gal4 protein (amino acids 1-147), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the GalδO protein (amino acids 1-435).
Die zweite Aktivierungssubeinheit umfaßt die cDNA für die Gal80-Bindungsdomäne von Gal4 (Aminosäuren 851 -881), deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA des nuklearen Lokalisationssignals von SV40 (SV40 large T; Aminosäuren 126-132), deren 3'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA für die Transaktivierungsdomäne des VP16 von HSV-1 kodierend für die Aminosäuren 406- 488.The second activation subunit comprises the cDNA for the Gal80 binding domain of Gal4 (amino acids 851 -881), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 126-132) , the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5' end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 coding for amino acids 406-488.
Ein weiteres Beispiel für zwei Aktivatorsubeinheiten, die den Aktivator-responsiven Promotor, bestehend aus der Bindesequenz für das Gal4-Protein und dem SV40- Promotor, aktivieren, stellt darAnother example of two activator subunits that activate the activator-responsive promoter, consisting of the binding sequence for the Gal4 protein and the SV40 promoter, is shown
- eine erste Aktivierungseinheit, die die cDNA für die zytoplasmische Domäne des CD4-T-Zellaπtigens (Aminosäuren 397-435) umfaßt, deren 5'-Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 3'-Eπde der cDNA für die Transaktivierungsdomäne des VP16 von HSV- 1 (Aminosäuren 406-488), deren 5'-Ende wiederum verknüpft ist mit dem 3'-Ende der cDNA des nuklearen Lokalisationssignals von SV40 (SV40 large T; Aminosäuren 16-132) und- A first activation unit, which comprises the cDNA for the cytoplasmic domain of the CD4-T-cell cell gene (amino acids 397-435), the 5 'end of which is linked to the 3'-end of the cDNA for the transactivation domain of the VP16 of HSV-1 (Amino acids 406-488), the 5 'end of which is in turn linked to the 3' end of the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 16-132) and
- die zweiter Aktivierungseinheit umfassend die cDNA des nuklearen Lokalisationssignals von SV40 (SV40 large T; Aminosäuren 126-132), die cDNA für die DNA Bindedomäne des Gal4-Proteins (Aminosäuren 1-147), deren 3'- Ende verknüpft ist mit dem 5'-Ende der cDNA für die CD4 Bindesequenz des p56 Ick Proteins (Aminosäuren 1-71 ). 5) Beispiele zur Verdeutlichung des Erfindungsgegenstandes- the second activation unit comprising the cDNA of the nuclear localization signal of SV40 (SV40 large T; amino acids 126-132), the cDNA for the DNA binding domain of the Gal4 protein (amino acids 1-147), the 3 'end of which is linked to the 5th 'End of the cDNA for the CD4 binding sequence of the p56 Ick protein (amino acids 1-71). 5) Examples to illustrate the subject of the invention
Die folgenden Beispiele beschreiben, wie die gentechnische Prägung von CD14+ The following examples describe how the genetic engineering of CD14 +
Zellen zu Endothelzellen aussehen könnte.Cells might look like endothelial cells.
a) Isolierung von CD14+ Zellena) Isolation of CD14 + cells
Periphere, mononukleare Zellen des Blutes (PBMC) werden von gesunden Spendern mit Hilfe der Ficoll-Dichte-Gradienteπ-Zentrifugation entsprechend der Maßgabe des Herstellers (Ficoll-Paque, Pharmacia) isoliert.Peripheral, mononuclear cells of the blood (PBMC) are isolated from healthy donors with the aid of Ficoll density gradient centrifugation according to the manufacturer's instructions (Ficoll-Paque, Pharmacia).
Der erhaltenen PBMCs werden im kalten PBS zweimal gewaschen und mit anti- CD14-Antikörper gekoppeltem Magnetkügelchen (CD14 Micro Beads, Miltenyi Biotec) für 15 min. bei 4°C inkubiert, danach mit kaltem PBS gewaschen und in PBS suspendiert, das 0,002% EDTA und 1 % menschliches Serumalbumin enthält.The PBMCs obtained are washed twice in cold PBS and magnet beads (CD14 micro beads, Miltenyi Biotec) coupled with anti-CD14 antibody for 15 min. Incubated at 4 ° C, then washed with cold PBS and suspended in PBS containing 0.002% EDTA and 1% human serum albumin.
Die Ablösung der CD14+ Zellen von der Säule erfolgt mit Hilfe des Vario MACS Separation kit (Miteπyi Biotec) entsprechend den Vorschriften des Herstellers. Die Reinheit der so hergestellten CD14+ Zellen liegt im Bereich zwischen 70% und 95%.The CD14 + cells are detached from the column using the Vario MACS Separation kit (Miteπyi Biotec) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The purity of the CD14 + cells thus produced is in the range between 70% and 95%.
b) Konstruktion des Plasmidsb) Construction of the plasmid
In Leserichtung von 5' nach 3' wird folgende DNA Sequenz mit der dem Fachmann bekannten Methode hergestellt.The following DNA sequence is produced in the reading direction from 5 'to 3' using the method known to the person skilled in the art.
- die DNA Bindesequenz von LexA- the DNA binding sequence from LexA
(Nukleotidsequenz 5'-TACTGTATGTACATACAGTA-3' (SEQ ID NO.: 2); Brent et al., Nature 612, 312 (1984))(Nucleotide sequence 5'-TACTGTATGTACATACAGTA-3 '(SEQ ID NO .: 2); Brent et al., Nature 612, 312 (1984))
- der von Willebrand Faktor (vWF) Promotor- the von Willebrand factor (vWF) promoter
(Nukleotidsequenz -487 bis +247; Jahroudi and Lynck, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 999 (1994))(Nucleotide sequence -487 to +247; Jahroudi and Lynck, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 999 (1994))
- DNA kodierend für den VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR) (Yin et al., Mammalian Genome 9, 408 (1998))- DNA coding for VEGF receptor II (KDR) (Yin et al., Mammalian Genome 9, 408 (1998))
- der vWF Promotor - die Bindedomäne von LexA- the vWF promoter - the binding domain of LexA
(Aminosäure 1 -81 ; Kim et al., Science 255, 203 (1992))(Amino acid 1-81; Kim et al., Science 255, 203 (1992))
- die Transaktivierungsdomäne von HSV-1 VP16- the transactivation domain of HSV-1 VP16
(Aminosäure 406 bis 488; Triezenberg et al., Genes Developm. 2, 718 (1988), Triezenberg, Curr. Opin. Gen. Developm. 5, 190 (1995))(Amino acids 406 to 488; Triezenberg et al., Genes Developm. 2, 718 (1988), Triezenberg, Curr. Opin. Gen. Developm. 5, 190 (1995))
- das Polyadenyiierungssignal von SV40 (Eider et al., Annu. Rev. Genet. 15, 295 (1981 ))the polyadenylation signal of SV40 (Eider et al., Annu. Rev. Genet. 15, 295 (1981))
Diese Nukleotidsequenz ist schematisch in Figur 1 dargestellt:This nucleotide sequence is shown schematically in FIG. 1:
Diese Nukleinsäuresequenz (Figur 1 ) wird in einen pxP2 Plasmidvektor einkloniert (Norden, BioTechniques 6, 454 (1988)).This nucleic acid sequence (FIG. 1) is cloned into a pxP2 plasmid vector (Norden, BioTechniques 6, 454 (1988)).
Die jeweiligen Komponenten des Nukleinsäurekonstruktes werden miteinander über geeignete Restriktionsstellen verbunden, welche an die Enden der unterschiedlichen Komponenten mit Hilfe der PCR-Amplifikation eingeführt werden. Die Verbindung der Komponenten erfolgt mit Hilfe von restriktionsspezifischen Enzymen und mit der Hilfe von DNA Ligasen.The respective components of the nucleic acid construct are connected to one another via suitable restriction sites which are introduced at the ends of the different components with the aid of PCR amplification. The components are connected with the help of restriction-specific enzymes and with the help of DNA ligases.
c) Transfektion von CD14+ Zellenc) Transfection of CD14 + cells
Die CD14+ Zellen werden auf eine Konzentration von 1x107/ml Kulturmedium [Medium 199 mit 20% fetalem Kälberserum und Penicillin/ Streptomycin/Amphotericin (Fa. Gibco-BRL)] eingestellt, in 60 mm Kulturschalen eingesät und mit einem Komplex aus dem in b) dargestellten Plasmid (kodierend für VEGF Rezeptor) und Superfect (Fa. Quiagen, Düsseldorf) für 10 min. bei 37°C inkubiert.The CD14 + cells are adjusted to a concentration of 1x10 7 / ml culture medium [medium 199 with 20% fetal calf serum and penicillin / streptomycin / amphotericin (from Gibco-BRL)], sown in 60 mm culture dishes and with a complex from the in b) plasmid shown (coding for VEGF receptor) and Superfect (from Quiagen, Düsseldorf) for 10 min. incubated at 37 ° C.
Die Herstellung des Komplexes erfolgt nach Angabe des Herstellers von Superfect (Fa. Quiagen). Der Erfolg der Transaktion wird ermittelt durch Nachweis der VEGF Rezeptor II (DR) m-RNA mit Hilfe der RT-PCR. Die RT-PCR wird durchgeführt wie von Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993) beschrieben.The complex is produced according to the manufacturer of Superfect (Quiagen). The success of the transaction is determined by detecting the VEGF Receptor II (DR) m-RNA using RT-PCR. The RT-PCR is carried out as described by Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993).
d) Kultivierung der VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR) exprimierenden CD14 Zellen in vitrod) Cultivation of VEGF Receptor II (KDR) expressing CD14 cells in vitro
VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR) exprimierende CD14 Zellen werden auf 1x106/ml eingestellt und im Kulturmedium "EGM-2 (Fa. Biowhittaker), welchem 50 ng/ml VEGF (Pepro Tech, London, England) und 10% fetales Kälberserum, 5 % Pferdeserum und 0,8 μg/ml Hydrocortison hinzugefügt worden war, über 7 Tage inkubiert.VEGF receptor II (KDR) expressing CD14 cells are adjusted to 1x10 6 / ml and in the culture medium "EGM-2 (from Biowhittaker), which contains 50 ng / ml VEGF (Pepro Tech, London, England) and 10% fetal calf serum, 5th % Horse serum and 0.8 μg / ml hydrocortisone had been added, incubated for 7 days.
Nach 7 Tagen werden die Zellen immunzytochemisch mit der dem Fachmann bekannten Methodik der alkaline-Phosphatase-anti-aikaline Phosphatase (APAAP)- Methode mit Hilfe von spezifischen Antikörpern (siehe Tabelle 1) untersucht. Zusätzlich werden m-RNAs spezifisch für CD14, CD31 , CD 34, CD36, CD 144 und vWF mit Hilfe der RT-PCR (Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993)) nachgewiesen.After 7 days, the cells are examined immunocytochemically with the method known to those skilled in the art of the alkaline-phosphatase-anti-aicaline phosphatase (APAAP) method using specific antibodies (see Table 1). In addition, m-RNAs specifically for CD14, CD31, CD 34, CD36, CD 144 and vWF are detected with the aid of RT-PCR (Sewing et al., J. Cell Sei. 104, 545 (1993)).
Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt:The following results were achieved:
Die Mehrheit der in der Zellkultur vorhandenen Zellen haben sich bereits nach 7 Tagen in Zellen differenziert, welche die charakteristischen Oberflächenmarker von Endothelzellen aufweisen (siehe Tabelle 2). The majority of the cells in the cell culture already differentiated into cells after 7 days which have the characteristic surface markers of endothelial cells (see Table 2).
Tabelle 1Table 1
bevorzugte Cluster Antigen Antikörperqueliepreferred cluster antigen antibody source
Zellspezifität Designation (Firma) (CD)Cell Specificity Designation (Company) (CD)
EC CD31 platelet endothelial adhesion DAKO molecule (PECAM)EC CD31 platelet endothelial adhesion DAKO molecule (PECAM)
CD34 sialomucin expressed on Becton Dickinson, hematopoietic progenitor cells and DAKO vascular endotheliumCD34 sialomucin expressed on Becton Dickinson, hematopoietic progenitor cells and DAKO vascular endothelium
_ von Willebrand factor (vWF) PharMingen, DAKO_ by Willebrand factor (vWF) PharMingen, DAKO
CD54 intercellular adhesion molecule PharMingen (ICAM-1)CD54 intercellular adhesion molecule PharMingen (ICAM-1)
CD51/61 αv/ß3 integrin complex (vitronectin PharMingen receptor)CD51 / 61 αv / ß3 integrin complex (vitronectin PharMingen receptor)
CD62E E-selectin/ELAM-1 (endothelial PharMingen leukocyte adhesion molecule)CD62E E-selectin / ELAM-1 (endothelial PharMingen leukocyte adhesion molecule)
CD105 endoglin PharMingenCD105 endoglin PharMingen
CD106 vascular cell adhesion molecule PharMingen (VCAM-1)CD106 vascular cell adhesion molecule PharMingen (VCAM-1)
CD144 vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin PharMingen (cadherin 5) cells of the CD14 receptor for LPS-LPS-BP Becton Dickinson monocytic lineage HLA-DR MHC Klasse VI Molekül ImmunotechCD144 vascular endothelial (VE) -cadherin PharMingen (cadherin 5) cells of the CD14 receptor for LPS-LPS-BP Becton Dickinson monocytic lineage HLA-DR MHC class VI molecule Immunotech
CD36 receptor for thrombospondin and PharMingen CollagenCD36 receptor for thrombospondin and PharMingen collagen
CD64 Fcγ receptor DAKOCD64 Fcγ receptor DAKO
CD68 oxidized LDL receptor DAKO dendritic cells CD1 a putative antigen presenting DAKO molecule structurally related to MHC-class ICD68 oxidized LDL receptor DAKO dendritic cells CD1 a putative antigen presenting DAKO molecule structurally related to MHC-class I
CD80 B7-1 PharMingenCD80 B7-1 PharMingen
(T cell costimulatory molecule)(T cell costimulatory molecule)
CD83 40-45 KD glycoprotein SerotecCD83 40-45 KD glycoprotein Serotec
CD86 B7-2 PharMingenCD86 B7-2 PharMingen
(T cell costimulatory molecule) leukocytes CD45 galectin-1 receptor Becton Dickinson(T cell costimulatory molecule) leukocytes CD45 galectin-1 receptor Becton Dickinson
CD13 metallproteinase DAKOCD13 metal proteinase DAKO
CD33 sialoadhesin (function unknown) DAKO Tabelle 2CD33 sialoadhesin (function unknown) DAKO Table 2
Oberflächenmarker Tag O Tag 7Surface marker day O day 7
EC Marker CD31 (PECAM-1 ) + +EC marker CD31 (PECAM-1) + +
CD34 (Sialomucin) - (+)CD34 (sialomucine) - (+)
CD54 (ICAM-1 ) (+) +CD54 (ICAM-1) (+) +
CD36 (TSP-Rez.) + +CD36 (TSP rec.) + +
CD51/61 (αv/ß3 integrin) - +CD51 / 61 (αv / ß3 integrin) - +
CD105 (endoglin) (+) +CD105 (endoglin) (+) +
EC-specificEC-specific
M0 Marker CD14 (LPS-Rez.) + -M0 marker CD14 (LPS rec.) + -
CD64 (Fcγ-Rez.) + +CD64 (Fcγ rec.) + +
CD68 (OxLDL-Rez.) + +CD68 (OxLDL rec.) + +
HLA-DR (+) +HLA-DR (+) +
DC Marker CD1a (lgSF) - -DC marker CD1a (lgSF) - -
CD86 (B7-2) + + CD86 (B7-2) + +

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zellen, die geeignet sind zur Behandlung des menschlichen Körpers, bei dem1. Process for the production of cells which are suitable for the treatment of the human body in which
(a) Zellen dem menschlichen Körper entnommen werden;(a) cells are taken from the human body;
(b) die Zellen aus Schritt (a) in vitro mit mindestens einem Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktors tranfiziert werden, welches unter der Kontrolle eines Promotors steht; so daß die Zellen aus Schritt (b) die Fähigkeit haben, nach der Rückführung in den menschlichen Körper in einer gewünschten Weise zu differenzieren.(b) the cells from step (a) are transfected in vitro with at least one gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor which is under the control of a promoter; so that the cells from step (b) have the ability to differentiate in a desired manner after return to the human body.
2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellen aus Schritt (b) nach der Rückführung in den menschlichen Körper sich in einen Gewebeverband integrieren.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells from step (b) integrate into a tissue after the return to the human body.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Schritt (b) das Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor und/oder für einen Rezeptor eines Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktors als Teil eines Nukleinsäurekonstruktes transfiziert wird, welches unter der Kontrolle eines Promotors sowohl das Gen für den Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor und/oder für den genannten Rezeptor, als auch prophylaktisch oder therapeutisch wirksame Proteine oder Enzyme für die Aktivierung von Arzneimittelvorstufen exprimieren kann.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in step (b) the gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor and / or for a receptor of a growth and / or differentiation factor is transfected as part of a nucleic acid construct, which, under the control of a promoter, can express both the gene for the growth and / or differentiation factor and / or for the receptor mentioned, and also prophylactically or therapeutically active proteins or enzymes for the activation of drug precursors.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Promotor zelltypspezifisch, zellzyklusspezifisch, metabolisch oder pharmakologisch aktivierbar ist.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the promoter is cell type-specific, cell cycle-specific, metabolically or pharmacologically activated.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellen aus Schritt (a) ausgewählt werden aus der Gruppe enthaltend mononukleare Zellen aus Blut, Venen, Kapillaren, Arterien, der Nabelschnur, der Plazenta, Suspensionen von Zellen aus Knochen, Milz, Lymphknoten, Lymphe und Bindegewebsflüssigkeit, Peritoπealzellsuspensionen, Pleuralzellsuspeπsionen, Endothelzellen und Fibroblasten.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cells from step (a) are selected from the group containing mononuclear cells from blood, veins, capillaries, arteries, the umbilical cord, the placenta, suspensions of cells from bone , Spleen, lymph nodes, lymph and Connective tissue fluid, peritoneal cell suspensions, pleural cell suspensions, endothelial cells and fibroblasts.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mononuklearen Zellen Oberflächenmarker enthalten, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe CD 34, CD 11 , CD 13, CD 14 und CD 68.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mononuclear cells contain surface markers selected from the group CD 34, CD 11, CD 13, CD 14 and CD 68.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der einer Endothelzelle entspricht und das Gen für den Wachstumsund/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) und andere KDR oder Fit Liganden, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Neuropilin), Fibroblast growth factor (FGFα, FGFß), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 , IGF-2), ß- endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), Endothelial cell attachment factor (ECAF), lnterleukin-3 (IL-3), Colony stimulatiπg factor-1 (CSF-1 ), GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, lnterleukin-4 (IL-4), lnterleukin-1 (IL-1 ), lnterleukin-8 (IL-8), Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB), Interferon γ (IFNγ), Oncostatin M, B61 , Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDEGF), Stern cell factor (SCF), Transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), Angiogenin, Pleiotrophin, Flt-3 ligand (FL), Tie-2 Liganden (Angiopoietin-1 , Angiopoietin-2), Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 ) und TNFα; und das Gen für den Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktors ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend den VEGF Rezeptor I (Fit), VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR), VEGF Rezeptor lll, FGF Rezeptoren (-1, -2, -3, -4, -5), IGF Rezeptor, ECGF Rezeptor, ECAF Rezeptor, IL-3 Rezeptor, Oncostatin M Rezeptor, LIF Rezeptor, B61 Rezeptor, PDEGF Rezeptor, SCF Rezeptor, TGFß Rezeptor, Tie- 2 Rezeptor, SDF-1 Rezeptor, Pleiotrophin Rezeptor, EGF Rezeptor, TNFα Rezeptor und/oder SDF-1 Rezeptor und den PDGF Rezeptor (α und ß).7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to that of an endothelial cell and the gene for the growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group comprising vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other KDR or fit ligands, VEGF- B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, neuropilin), fibroblast growth factor (FGFα, FGFß), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2), ß-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), endothelial cell attachment factor (ECAF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), colony stimulation factor-1 (CSF-1), GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, interleukin-4 (IL- 4), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA, -AB, -BB), Interferon γ (IFNγ), Oncostatin M, B61, Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDEGF), Stern cell factor (SCF), transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), angiogenin, pleiotrophin, Flt-3 ligand (FL), Tie-2 ligands (Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoi etin-2), stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and TNFα; and the gene for the receptor of the growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group comprising the VEGF receptor I (Fit), VEGF receptor II (KDR), VEGF receptor III, FGF receptors (-1, -2, -3, -4, -5), IGF receptor, ECGF receptor, ECAF receptor, IL-3 receptor, Oncostatin M receptor, LIF receptor, B61 receptor, PDEGF receptor, SCF receptor, TGFß receptor, Tie- 2 receptor, SDF-1 receptor, Pleiotrophin receptor, EGF receptor, TNFα receptor and / or SDF-1 receptor and the PDGF receptor (α and ß).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der eines Osteoblasten entspricht und das Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differeπzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe enthaltend BMP-1 , BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-8, Pleiotrophin und Midkine; und das Gen für den Rezeptor eines Wachstumsund/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend die Rezeptoren für BMP 1 -8, PTN und Midkine.8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to that of an osteoblast and the gene for a growth and / or Differeπzierungs factors is selected from a group containing BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4 , BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-8, Pleiotrophin and midkine; and the gene for the receptor of a growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group containing the receptors for BMP 1-8, PTN and Midkine.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der einer Gliazelle entspricht und das Gen für einen Wachstumsund/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe enthaltend Glia growth factor (GGF), Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4; trk-C), Brain derived neurotrophic factor, Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNF), Glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) und Nerve growth factor (NGF; trk-A) und das Gen für den Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend den GGF Rezeptor, NGF Rezeptor, CNF Rezeptor, BdNF Rezeptor, NT-4 Rezeptor und den GDNF Rezeptor.9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to that of a glial cell and the gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from a group containing glia growth factor (GGF), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4; trk- C), Brain derived neurotrophic factor, Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNF), Glia cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and Nerve growth factor (NGF; trk-A) and the gene for the receptor of the growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group containing the GGF receptor, NGF receptor, CNF receptor, BdNF receptor, NT-4 receptor and the GDNF receptor.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der einer Synovialzelle entspricht und das Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe enthaltend Transforming growth factor (TGF) ß-1 und -2, Iπterleukin 10 (IL-10), Insuiin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), lnterleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin Rezeptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP), Inhibitoren von Metalloproteinasen wie beispielsweise TIMP-1 , -2, -3, Fibroblasten Growth Factor (FGF), lnterleukin-6 (IL-6), Plasminogen Aktivator Inhibitor (PAI-1 , -2), Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), Superoxiddismutase, lösliche extrazelluläre Teile von CD18, ICAM-1 , CD44 und das Gen für den Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend TGF-ß Rezeptoren, IL-10 Rezeptoren, IGF-1 Rezeptoren, IL-4 Rezeptoren und bFGF Rezeptoren.10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to that of a synovial cell and the gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from a group containing transforming growth factor (TGF) β-1 and -2, πterleukin 10 (IL-10), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin receptor antagonist protein (IRAP), inhibitors of metalloproteinases such as TIMP-1, -2, -3 , Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1, -2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), superoxide dismutase, soluble extracellular parts of CD18, ICAM-1, CD44 and the gene for the growth and / or differentiation factor receptor is selected from the group comprising TGF-β receptors, IL-10 receptors, IGF-1 receptors, IL-4 receptors and bFGF receptors.
1 1. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der einer entzündungshemmenden Zelle entspricht und das Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend Cytokine, Interferone (IFNα, IFNß, IFNγ), lnterleukin-4 (IL-4), lnterleukin-6 (IL-6), lnterleukin-9 (IL-9), lnterleukin-13 (IL-13), LIF, Oncostatin, lnterleukin-10 (IL- 10), lnterleukin-12 (IL-12), TGFß, Tumor Nekrose Faktor α (TNFα), TNFß und den lnterleukin-1 Rezeptor Antagonisten (IL-1 RA); und das Gen für den Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktors ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend den löslichen IL-4 Rezeptor, IL-4 Rezeptor, IL-6 Rezeptor, löslichen IL-6 Rezeptor, löslichen IL-2 Rezeptor, IL-10 Rezeptor, IL-12 Rezeptor, IL-13 Rezeptor, TNFα Rezeptor, TNFß Rezeptor, TGFß Rezeptor und Rezeptoren für IFNα, -ß, -γ.1 1. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to that of an anti-inflammatory cell and the gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group containing cytokines, interferons (IFNα, IFNß, IFNγ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukin-13 (IL-13), LIF, oncostatin, interleukin-10 (IL- 10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), TGFß, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), TNFß and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA); and the gene for the receptor of the growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group comprising the soluble IL-4 receptor, IL-4 receptor, IL-6 receptor, soluble IL-6 receptor, soluble IL-2 receptor, IL- 10 receptor, IL-12 receptor, IL-13 receptor, TNFα receptor, TNFß receptor, TGFß receptor and receptors for IFNα, -ß, -γ.
12. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewünschte Differenzierung der einer an der Entzündung beteiligten Zelle entspricht und das Gen für einen Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktor ausgewählt wird aus einer Gruppe enthaltend lnterleukin-1 , lnterleukin-2, Interleukin-4, lnterleukin-5, lnterleukin-6, LIF, lnterleukin-7, lnterleukin-8, lnterleukin-11 , GM-CSF, M-CSF, G- CSF und IFNα, -ß, -γ ; und das Gen für den Rezeptor des Wachstums- und/oder Differenzierungsfaktors ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe enthaltend den IL-1 Rezeptor, IL-2 Rezeptor, IFNα, -ß, γ Rezeptor, IL-3 Rezeptor, IL-5 Rezeptor, IL-6 Rezeptor, GM-CSF Rezeptor, M-CSF Rezeptor, Integrin beta 2 Proteine.12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the desired differentiation corresponds to a cell involved in inflammation and the gene for a growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from a group containing interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-4 , interleukin-5, interleukin-6, LIF, interleukin-7, interleukin-8, interleukin-11, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF and IFNα, -ß, -γ; and the gene for the receptor of the growth and / or differentiation factor is selected from the group comprising the IL-1 receptor, IL-2 receptor, IFNα, -ß, γ receptor, IL-3 receptor, IL-5 receptor, IL- 6 receptor, GM-CSF receptor, M-CSF receptor, integrin beta 2 proteins.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zellen aus Schritt (a) CD 14-positive, periphere mononukleare Zellen des Blutes (PBMC) sind, die mit einem Plasmid enthaltend in 5'-3'-Richtung folgende Elemente:13. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cells from step (a) are CD 14-positive, peripheral mononuclear cells of the blood (PBMC), which contain the following elements with a plasmid in the 5'-3 'direction:
die DNA Bindesequeπz von LexAthe DNA binding sequence from LexA
(Nukleotidsequenz 5' TACTGTATGTACATACAGTA-3') die kodierende Sequenz für den von Willebrand Faktor (vWF) Promotor(Nucleotide sequence 5 'TACTGTATGTACATACAGTA-3') the coding sequence for the von Willebrand factor (vWF) promoter
(Nukleotidsequenz -487 bis +247)(Nucleotide sequence -487 to +247)
DNA kodierend für den VEGF Rezeptor II (KDR) den vWF Promotor die kodierende Sequenz für die Bindedomäne von LexA (Aminosäure 1 -81 ); die kodierende Sequenz für die Transaktivierungsdomäne von HSV-1 VP16DNA coding for the VEGF receptor II (KDR) the vWF promoter the coding sequence for the binding domain of LexA (amino acid 1-81); the coding sequence for the transactivation domain of HSV-1 VP16
(Aminosäure 406 bis 488); das Polyadenylieruπgssignal von SV40 transfiziert werden.(Amino acids 406 to 488); the polyadenylation signal of SV40 be transfected.
14. Zelle, erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13.14. Cell obtainable by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. Zelle nach Anspruch 14 zur Verwendung in der Gentherapie.15. The cell of claim 14 for use in gene therapy.
16. Verwendung einer Zelle nach Anspruch 14 zur Herstellung eines Heilmittels bei Endothelzelldefekten, zur Förderung der Angiogenese, zur Knochenheilung, zur Förderung der Heilung von Schäden des ZNS, zur Propylaxe und Therapie von Gelenkschäden, Entzündungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen, Organabstoßungen und zur Unterstützung von Entzündungs- und Abstoßungsreaktionen bei Infektionen oder Tumorerkrankungen. 16. Use of a cell according to claim 14 for the production of a remedy for endothelial cell defects, for promoting angiogenesis, for bone healing, for promoting healing of damage to the CNS, for prophylaxis and therapy of joint damage, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, organ rejection and for supporting inflammation. and rejection reactions for infections or tumor diseases.
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