EP1124736B1 - Detergent tablet packaging for dishwashers - Google Patents
Detergent tablet packaging for dishwashers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1124736B1 EP1124736B1 EP99952496A EP99952496A EP1124736B1 EP 1124736 B1 EP1124736 B1 EP 1124736B1 EP 99952496 A EP99952496 A EP 99952496A EP 99952496 A EP99952496 A EP 99952496A EP 1124736 B1 EP1124736 B1 EP 1124736B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- wrapper
- portions
- machine dishwashing
- pack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/40—Packages formed by enclosing successive articles, or increments of material, in webs, e.g. folded or tubular webs, or by subdividing tubes filled with liquid, semi-liquid, or plastic materials
- B65D75/44—Individual packages cut from webs or tubes
- B65D75/46—Individual packages cut from webs or tubes containing articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a detergent tab pack with a compact, detergent mass prepared in tablet form and a surrounding detergent mass Serving.
- Dishwashing liquid for dishwashers comes in the form of powder and in the form of Tablets, so-called tabs in the trade. Tabs have the advantage that measuring the The amount of detergent is not required. However, the addition of detergent is problematic Prewash. Some manufacturers require the tabs to be fed into the dosing chamber give, but then no detergent is available for the pre-wash. There are also tabs that should be placed in the crockery basket. But here it is very difficult to set up the solution behavior of the detergent mass so that loosen the correct amounts for the pre-wash and the main wash, because the duration and temperature of the pre-wash cycle for the different types of dishwashers and programs can differ significantly.
- the present invention overcomes this problem by the features of claims 1 and 2 respectively solved.
- the parts preferably have different sizes, so the detergent mass is divided asymmetrically. at a preferred embodiment, it consists of a first smaller part for the pre-wash and a second larger part for the main wash.
- More than two parts in a wrapping can be useful if at small amount of crockery is prewashed several times and several prewash parts are needed.
- a multiple subdivision of the tabs also enables one more precise dosage of the amount of detergent.
- the parts of the detergent mass can be connected and through a break-off groove be separable.
- the casing can also be mechanically separated detergent bodies contain.
- the wrapping can be separate compartments for the different Have parts.
- the detergent composition can contain the usual detergent compositions. Your Parts differ in terms of their ingredients, in order to find the optimal one To achieve dishwashing results, and can be different in color, so in terms of differ in their content of colorant, such as dye or pigment.
- the detergent tab pack shown in Fig. 1 contains a one-piece in the essentially cuboid detergent body 10, which is parallel to the smallest side surface truncated groove 12 divided into two parts and can be divided accordingly, namely a smaller first part 10a for the Pre-wash and a larger second part 10b for the main wash.
- the Detergent body 10 is, as usual, with a closed, tearable Envelope 16 surrounded by plastic film.
- the wrapping 16 contains two mechanically separated, different sized parts 20a and 20b, which together in the Inside the wrapper are housed.
- two smaller parts 30a, 30b are the Detergent mass in a first and a second chamber of the casing 16a accommodated.
- a third, larger portion 30c is in a third, with the first two Chamber related chamber housed the envelope.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 4 like that according to FIG. 2, contains two separate ones Detergent body parts 40a, 40b for the pre-wash or main wash cycle, the separation runs parallel to the large area of the cuboid bodies.
- the pack contains several smaller tab parts, it is useful if the Amount of detergent in the smaller tab parts in a small integer Is related to the amount required for the main wash cycle, e.g. B. 1: 2 or 1: 3. You can then make a corresponding number of remaining smaller ones Use parts for the main wash cycle. It is also possible in a wrapper to accommodate several smaller parts, the amount of detergent individually for one However, pre-rinse is not sufficient for a main rinse in its entirety however, it is sufficient for a main wash and, if necessary, a pre-wash.
- the part intended for the pre-rinse cycle can contain more surfactant than that for the Main rinse provided part included for the removal of unsolvable Leftovers z. B. Spinach, to promote while the intended for the main wash Part z. B. additionally contains enzymes, etc., which have an effect on the longer lasting and develop the main wash cycle that works at higher temperatures particularly well.
- the ratio of the weights from the pre-wash part to the main wash part is one preferred embodiment of a package containing two tab parts 1: 4 to 1: 6. Especially when the two parts have different compositions, are also between 1: 2 and 1:10.
- the detergent body 10 in FIG. 1 can have more than one break-off groove.
- the larger parts 20b (Fig. 2), 30c (Fig. 3), and the parts 40a, 40b (Fig. 4) can also be provided with at least one break-off groove, the z. B. halving the body concerned.
- the bodies 10, 20a, 20b, 30a, 30b, 30c can be like be divided into Fig. 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Spülmittel-Tab-Packung mit kompakter, tablettenartig konfektionierter Spülmittelmasse und einer diese umgebenden Umhüllung.The present invention relates to a detergent tab pack with a compact, detergent mass prepared in tablet form and a surrounding detergent mass Serving.
Spülmittel für Geschirrspülmaschinen kommt in Form von Pulver und in Form von Tabletten, sog. Tabs in den Handel. Tabs haben den Vorteil, daß das Abmessen der Spülmittelmenge entfällt. Problematisch ist jedoch die Zugabe von Spülmittel beim Vorspülgang. Manche Hersteller schreiben vor, die Tabs in die Dosierkammer zu geben, wobei dann jedoch für den Vorspülgang kein Spülmittel zur Verfügung steht. Es gibt auch Tabs, die in den Geschirrkorb eingelegt werden sollen. Hier ist es jedoch sehr schwierig, das Lösungsverhalten der Spülmittelmasse so einzurichten, daß sich jeweils die richtigen Mengen beim Vorspülgang und beim Hauptspülgang lösen, da sich Dauer und Temperatur des Vorspülgangs bei den verschiedenen Geschirrspülmaschinentypen und Programmen erheblich unterscheiden können.Dishwashing liquid for dishwashers comes in the form of powder and in the form of Tablets, so-called tabs in the trade. Tabs have the advantage that measuring the The amount of detergent is not required. However, the addition of detergent is problematic Prewash. Some manufacturers require the tabs to be fed into the dosing chamber give, but then no detergent is available for the pre-wash. There are also tabs that should be placed in the crockery basket. But here it is very difficult to set up the solution behavior of the detergent mass so that loosen the correct amounts for the pre-wash and the main wash, because the duration and temperature of the pre-wash cycle for the different types of dishwashers and programs can differ significantly.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird dieses Problem durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 2 gelöst. Die Teile haben vorzugsweise unterschiedliche Größen, die Spülmittelmasse ist also unsymmetrisch aufgeteilt. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht sie aus einem ersten kleineren Teil für den Vorspülgang und einen zweiten größeren Teil für den Hauptspülgang.The present invention overcomes this problem by the features of claims 1 and 2 respectively solved. The parts preferably have different sizes, so the detergent mass is divided asymmetrically. at a preferred embodiment, it consists of a first smaller part for the pre-wash and a second larger part for the main wash.
Mehr als zwei Teile in einer Umhüllung können dann sinnvoll sein, wenn bei geringem Geschirranfall mehrmals vorgespült wird und mehrere Vorspülmittel-Teile benötigt werden. Eine mehrfache Unterteilung der Tabs ermöglicht auch eine genauere Dosierung der Spülmittelmenge.More than two parts in a wrapping can be useful if at small amount of crockery is prewashed several times and several prewash parts are needed. A multiple subdivision of the tabs also enables one more precise dosage of the amount of detergent.
Die Teile der Spülmittelmasse können zusammenhängen und durch eine Abbrechrille trennbar sein. Die Umhüllung kann auch mechanisch getrennte Spülmittelkörper enthalten. In diesem Fall kann die Umhüllung getrennte Fächer für die verschiedenen Teile aufweisen.The parts of the detergent mass can be connected and through a break-off groove be separable. The casing can also be mechanically separated detergent bodies contain. In this case, the wrapping can be separate compartments for the different Have parts.
Die Spülmittelmasse kann die üblichen Spülmittelzusammensetzungen enthalten. Ihre Teile unterscheiden sich bezüglich ihrer Inhaltstoffe, um jeweils ein optimales Spülergebnis zu erzielen, und können farblich verschieden sein, sich also hinsichtlich ihres Gehalts an farbgebendem Mittel, wie Farbstoff oder Pigment, unterscheiden.The detergent composition can contain the usual detergent compositions. Your Parts differ in terms of their ingredients, in order to find the optimal one To achieve dishwashing results, and can be different in color, so in terms of differ in their content of colorant, such as dye or pigment.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der Spülmittel-Tab-Packung gemäß der Erfindung, bei der die Spülmittelmasse einen einstückigen, durch eine Abbrechrille zerteilbaren Körper bildet.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsförm, bei der die Spülmittelmasse zwei getrennte Teile aufweist.
- Fig. 3
- zeigt eine Ausführungsform mit drei getrennten Spülmittelkörpern, die in getrennten Fächern einer zusammenhängenden Umhüllung untergebracht sind.
- Fig. 4
- zeigt eine Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1
- shows a first embodiment of the detergent tab pack according to the invention, in which the detergent mass forms an integral body that can be divided by a break-off groove.
- Fig. 2
- shows a second embodiment, in which the detergent mass has two separate parts.
- Fig. 3
- shows an embodiment with three separate detergent bodies, which are housed in separate compartments of a coherent envelope.
- Fig. 4
- shows a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Spülmittel-Tab-Packung enthält einen einstückigen im
wesentlichen quaderförmigen Spülmittelkörper 10, der durch eine parallel zur
kleinsten Seitenfläche verlaufende Abbrechrille 12 in zwei Teile unterteilt und
dementsprechend zerteilbar ist, nämlich einen kleineren ersten Teil 10a für den
Vorspülgang und einen größeren zweiten Teil 10b für den Hauptspülgang. Der
Spülmittelkörper 10 ist, wie üblich, mit einer geschlossenen, aufreißbaren
Umhüllung 16 aus Kunststoff-Folie umgeben.The detergent tab pack shown in Fig. 1 contains a one-piece in the
essentially cuboid detergent body 10, which is parallel to the
smallest side surface truncated
Bei der Spülmittel-Tab-Packung gemäß Fig. 2 enthält die Umhüllung 16 zwei
mechanisch getrennte, verschieden große Teile 20a und 20b, die gemeinsam im
Inneren der Umhüllung untergebracht sind.In the detergent tab pack according to FIG. 2, the
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 sind zwei kleinere Teile 30a, 30b der
Spülmittelmasse in einer ersten und einer zweiten Kammer der Umhüllung 16a
untergebracht. Ein ditter, größerer Teil 30c ist in einer dritten, mit den ersten beiden
Kammern zusammenhängenden Kammer der Umhüllung untergebracht. Diese
Ausführungsform ist besonders für den Fall geeignet, daß mehr als zwei Tab-Teile
vorgesehen sind.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, two
Die Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4 enthält, wie die gemäß Fig. 2, zwei getrennte
Spülmittelkörper-Teile 40a, 40b für den Vor- bzw. Haupt-Spülgang, die Trennung
verläuft hier parallel zur großen Fläche der quaderförmigen Körper.The embodiment according to FIG. 4, like that according to FIG. 2, contains two separate ones
Wenn die Packung mehrere kleinere Tab-Teile enthält, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Menge des Spülmittels in den kleineren Tab-Teilen in einem kleinen ganzzahligen Verhältnis zu der Menge steht, die für den Hauptspülgang benötigt wird, z. B. 1 : 2 oder 1: 3. Man kann dann eine entsprechende Anzahl übriggebliebener kleinerer Teile für den Hauptspülgang verwenden. Es ist auch möglich, in einer Umhüllung mehrere kleinere Teile unterzubringen, deren Spülmittelmenge einzeln zwar für einen Vorspülgang nicht jedoch für einen Hauptspülgang ausreicht, in ihrer Gesamtheit jedoch für einen Hauptspülgang und ggf. einen Vorspülgang genügt.If the pack contains several smaller tab parts, it is useful if the Amount of detergent in the smaller tab parts in a small integer Is related to the amount required for the main wash cycle, e.g. B. 1: 2 or 1: 3. You can then make a corresponding number of remaining smaller ones Use parts for the main wash cycle. It is also possible in a wrapper to accommodate several smaller parts, the amount of detergent individually for one However, pre-rinse is not sufficient for a main rinse in its entirety however, it is sufficient for a main wash and, if necessary, a pre-wash.
Der für den Vorspülgang vorgesehene Teil kann mehr Tensid als der für den Hauptspülgang vorgesehenen Teil enthalten, um das Entfernen von unlösbaren Speiseresten z. B. Spinat, zu fördern, während der für den Hauptspülgang bestimmte Teil z. B. zusätzlich Enzyme etc. enthält, die ihre Wirkung bei dem länger dauernden und mit höheren Temperaturen arbeitenden Hauptspülgang besonders gut entfalten.The part intended for the pre-rinse cycle can contain more surfactant than that for the Main rinse provided part included for the removal of unsolvable Leftovers z. B. Spinach, to promote while the intended for the main wash Part z. B. additionally contains enzymes, etc., which have an effect on the longer lasting and develop the main wash cycle that works at higher temperatures particularly well.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Spülmittel-Tab-Packungen sind die kleineren Teile frei von Farbstoff und Pigment, während die größeren Teile einen blauen Farbstoff enthalten.In one embodiment of the present detergent tab packs, these are smaller parts free of dye and pigment, while the larger parts have one blue dye included.
Das Verhältnis der Gewichte von Vorspülteil zu Hauptspülteil beträgt bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel einer zwei Tab-Teile enthaltenden Packung 1 : 4 bis 1 : 6. Es kann, insbesondere bei unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung der beiden Teile, auch zwischen 1 : 2 und 1: 10 liegen. Diese Werte und Bereiche sind nicht einschränkend auszulegen,The ratio of the weights from the pre-wash part to the main wash part is one preferred embodiment of a package containing two tab parts 1: 4 to 1: 6. Especially when the two parts have different compositions, are also between 1: 2 and 1:10. These values and ranges are not to be interpreted restrictively,
Der Spülmittelkörper 10 in Fig. 1 kann mehr als eine Abbrechrille aufweisen.
Die.größeren Teile 20b (Fig. 2), 30c (Fig. 3), und die Teile 40a, 40b (Fig. 4) können
auch mit mindestens einer Abbrechrille versehen sein, die z. B. ein Halbieren der
betreffenden Körper ermöglicht. Die Körper 10, 20a, 20b, 30a, 30b, 30c können wie
in Fig. 4 unterteilt sein.The detergent body 10 in FIG. 1 can have more than one break-off groove.
The larger parts 20b (Fig. 2), 30c (Fig. 3), and the
Claims (7)
- A machine dishwashing detergent tab pack with a tabletlike detergent composition surrounded by a wrapper, wherein the detergent composition contained in a given wrapper (16) comprises at least two separate portions (20a, 20b; 30b, 30c; 40a, 40b), at least two portions of the detergent composition contained in the given wrapper differing in their composition.
- A machine dishwashing detergent tab pack with a single tabletlike detergent composition surrounded by a wrapper, wherein the detergent composition contained in a given wrapper (16) comprises at least two portions (10a, 10b) which can be separated by means of a breaking groove (12) at least two portions of the detergent composition contained in the given wrapper differing in their composition.
- The machine dishwashing detergent tab pack as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the detergent composition contained in a wrapper comprises at least two portions of different size.
- The machine dishwashing detergent tab pack as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pack has at least one relatively small portion (12, 12a) and a relatively large portion (14, 14a) and wherein the smaller portion is dimensioned for a prewash and the larger portion for a main wash.
- The machine dishwashing detergent tab pack as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein parts of different size differ with regard to the amount of colorant they comprise.
- The machine dishwashing detergent tab pack as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein at least two portions (30b, 30c) of the detergent composition are accommodated in separate compartments of the wrapper (16).
- The machine dishwashing detergent tab pack as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein all portions are accommodated in one and the same compartment of the wrapper (16).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19845602 | 1998-10-05 | ||
DE19845602A DE19845602A1 (en) | 1998-10-05 | 1998-10-05 | Detergent tab pack for dishwashers |
PCT/EP1999/007374 WO2000020298A1 (en) | 1998-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Detergent tablet packaging for dishwashers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1124736A1 EP1124736A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1124736B1 true EP1124736B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=7883302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99952496A Expired - Lifetime EP1124736B1 (en) | 1998-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Detergent tablet packaging for dishwashers |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6610643B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1124736B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE234240T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19845602A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2194519T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000020298A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004051560A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Combination product, useful for dish washing machine, comprises compartments containing wash pack and main cleaning agent; and instructions for using wash pack and cleaning agent in the pre-washing and main washing cycle |
DE102004055075A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent or detergent dosing unit |
GB0513997D0 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2005-08-17 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Article and method |
GB0715605D0 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2007-09-19 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Improvements in or relating to compositions |
WO2009037669A2 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-03-26 | Zobele Holding S.P.A. | Gradual -release dosing device of substances in domestic-use apparatuses, in the presence of water |
DE102016109795A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Budich International Gmbh | Cleaning and / or rinse aid tablets |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH511157A (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1971-08-15 | Blattmann Rudolf | Bags for food or luxury items in pourable form |
DE3136808A1 (en) * | 1981-09-16 | 1983-03-31 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | TRIAZOLIDINE-3,5-DIONE |
GB8727135D0 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1987-12-23 | Unilever Plc | Machine dishwashing composition |
DE3911363B4 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 2005-02-03 | Freytag Von Loringhoven, Andreas | Process for the preparation of fragrances to be enriched with fragrances or perfume and fragrance adding agents for carrying out the process |
DE4010533A1 (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-10-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Prodn. of high-density detergent granules |
JP3135066B2 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 2001-02-13 | エコラボ インコーポレイテッド | Two-part drug concentrate |
US5316688A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1994-05-31 | Ecolab Inc. | Water soluble or dispersible film covered alkaline composition |
DE9214065U1 (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1993-06-03 | Dispo-Kommerz Ag, Huenenberg, Zug, Ch | |
DE4404279A1 (en) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Tablet with builder substances |
US5783541A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1998-07-21 | Procter & Gamble Company | Unit packaged detergent |
DE19500936A1 (en) * | 1995-01-14 | 1996-07-18 | Weber Rudolf Dipl Ing | Phosphate free detergent tablets with reduced fibre incrustation |
DE29509593U1 (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-09-28 | Merz Verpackungsmaschinen Gmbh | Resealable tablet packaging |
JPH09240683A (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-16 | Kao Corp | Flexible container |
DE19709411A1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent tablets |
DE69703795T2 (en) * | 1997-09-01 | 2001-08-02 | Procter & Gamble | Packaging device for detergent tablets |
BR9704788A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-09-08 | Unilever Nv | Process for increasing the dissolution of detergent tablets for dishwashers, combination of detergent composition with packaging system, and, packaging |
-
1998
- 1998-10-05 DE DE19845602A patent/DE19845602A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-10-05 AT AT99952496T patent/ATE234240T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 DE DE59904559T patent/DE59904559D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-05 ES ES99952496T patent/ES2194519T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-05 WO PCT/EP1999/007374 patent/WO2000020298A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-05 EP EP99952496A patent/EP1124736B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-05 US US09/806,434 patent/US6610643B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000020298A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
DE59904559D1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
ATE234240T1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
DE19845602A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
US6610643B1 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
EP1124736A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
ES2194519T3 (en) | 2003-11-16 |
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