EP1123119A1 - Method for applying bactericidal solutions - Google Patents
Method for applying bactericidal solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1123119A1 EP1123119A1 EP99947802A EP99947802A EP1123119A1 EP 1123119 A1 EP1123119 A1 EP 1123119A1 EP 99947802 A EP99947802 A EP 99947802A EP 99947802 A EP99947802 A EP 99947802A EP 1123119 A1 EP1123119 A1 EP 1123119A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bactericidal
- solution
- aqueous solution
- treated
- electrochemically activated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/22—Phase substances, e.g. smokes, aerosols or sprayed or atomised substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/24—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/26—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor
- A23B4/30—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor by spraying of liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/26—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor
- A23B4/30—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor by spraying of liquids
- A23B4/305—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor by spraying of liquids with inorganic salts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G7/00—Other apparatus or process specially adapted for the chocolate or confectionery industry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
- A23G9/22—Details, component parts or accessories of apparatus insofar as not peculiar to a single one of the preceding groups
- A23G9/30—Cleaning; Keeping clean; Sterilisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/03—Electric current
- A61L2/035—Electrolysis
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for applying bactericidal solutions in the
- the electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution may be
- the electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution may be
- salt may be sodium chloride. In particular, it may be non-iodated sodium
- the anion-containing solution is referred to
- the anolyte solution may be produced from an about 3 to 1 0% aqueous
- These mixed reductant and oxidant species may be labile and
- redox potential may be any suitable redox potential, preferably of about between + 450
- mV and + 1 200 mV may have a suitable pH, preferably of between 2
- mixed oxidant species such as CIO; CIO ; HclO; OH ; HO 2 " ;
- the catholyte solution may have a suitable pH, preferably of between
- the catholyte solution may include reductant species such as
- the method may include the preliminary step of enclosing the contaminated
- the atomising and dispersing step is preferably repeated at pre-determined
- aqueous solution as hereinbefore defined, the equipment including an
- electrolysis device having a through flow electrochemical cell with two co ⁇
- Samples 1 , 2 and 3 were carcasses fogged separately in closed chillers
- Enclosed volumes containing diverse equipment including 2 tables and a
- the chiller treated had volume (space) for about 1 6 carcasses.
- fogging process consisted of 3 cycles of 20 minutes each, with 10 minutes
- control group was sampled before and after 24 hours of chilling.
- Chillers were not in operation. After fogging, carcasses were returned to original chillers.
- Example 2 Chillers were not in operation. After fogging, carcasses were returned to original chillers.
- Example 3 (Calf Carcasses) A. Trial Carcasses Direct fogging in chiller with interrupted air circulation during the fogging process
- the fourth Swab was on the side of the triceps cut where all carcasses had been pushed by hand and were therefore more contaminated than adjoining surfaces.
- Negative Control Indirect fogging of carcasses that were present in the chiller, during the time of the experiment. Only final carcass counts on similar locations as the trials were taken.
Abstract
The invention relates to method for applying electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution in the bactericidal treatment of a contaminated medium, the method characterised in including the step of atomising and dispersing the electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution into the atmosphere about a contaminated medium to be treated, forming a fog of airborne droplets of between 1 and 100 micrometers of suitable bactericidal concentration about the treated medium.
Description
METHOD FOR APPLYING BACTERICIDAL SOLUTIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a method for applying bactericidal solutions in the
bactericidal treatment of contaminated produce, apparatus and surfaces.
BACKGROUND ART
The application of bactericidal solutions in the bactericidal treatment of
contaminated produce, equipment and surfaces is usually carried out by
means of washing, with solutions such as chlorine solutions, etc. or by
means of steaming. However, total wetting during washing and/or high
temperatures during steaming are often disadvantageous in that they are
unacceptable and even detrimental to the produce, apparatus and/or
surfaces.
For purposes of this application the term "medium" shall include produce,
apparatus and surfaces and cognate terms shall have similar meanings.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of this invention to produce a method and
equipment for applying bactericidal solutions that will overcome the above
disadvantages.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method for
applying electrochemically activated, bactericidal solution to a
contaminated medium to be treated, including the step of atomising and
dispersing the solution into the atmosphere about a contaminated medium
to be treated, forming a fog of airborne droplets of between 1 and 100
micrometers of suitable bactericidal concentration about the treated
medium.
The electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution may be
selected from a group consisting of anion-containing and cation-containing
solutions.
The electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous solution may be
prepared by means of electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt. The
salt may be sodium chloride. In particular, it may be non-iodated sodium
chloride or potassium chloride.
The anion-containing solution and the associated cation-containing solution
may be produced by an electrochemical reactor or so-called electrolysis
device having a through flow electrochemical cell with two co-axial
cylindrical electrodes, with a co-axial diaphragm between the two
electrodes so as to separate an annular inter-electrode space into a
catalytic and an analytic chamber. The anion-containing solution is referred
to hereinafter for brevity as the "anolyte solution" or "anolyte" and the
cation-containing solution is referred to hereinafter for brevity as the
catholyte solution" or "catholγte".
The anolyte solution may be produced from an about 3 to 1 0% aqueous
NaCl solution, electrolysed to produce mixed reductant and mixed oxidant
species. These mixed reductant and oxidant species may be labile and
after about 96 hours the various oxidant and reductant species may
disappear with relatively no residues being produced. The anolyte solution
may have a suitable redox potential, preferably of about between + 450
mV and + 1 200 mV and may have a suitable pH, preferably of between 2
and 9 for bactericidal treatment of a specific medium. The anolyte solution
may include mixed oxidant species such as CIO; CIO ; HclO; OH ; HO2 " ;
H2O2; O3; S2O8 2" and CI2O6 2\
The catholyte solution may have a suitable pH, preferably of between
about 1 2 and 1 3, and a suitable redox potential, preferably of between
about -200 mV and -900 mV, for bactericidal treatment of a specific
medium. The catholyte solution may include reductant species such as
OH"; H3 "; 02; H2-; H02 ; H02 " and 02 ".
The method may include the preliminary step of enclosing the contaminated
medium to be treated in a closed volume prior to atomising and dispersing
the solution into the closed volume.
The atomising and dispersing step is preferably repeated at pre-determined
intervals so as to maintain a suitable fog concentration in the closed
volume, thus utilising the microcidal and other properties of the
electrochemically activated solution without detrimentally affecting the
quality and condition of the produce, such as reducing dehydration and
weight loss, the equipment and/or the surfaces to be treated.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided equipment
for use in a method for applying electrochemically activated, bactericidal
aqueous solution as hereinbefore defined, the equipment including an
electrolysis device having a through flow electrochemical cell with two co¬
axial cylindrical electrodes, with a co-axial diaphragm between the two
electrodes so as to separate an annular inter-electrode space into a
catalytic and an analytic chamber; and means for atomising and dispersing
the solution into the atmosphere about a contaminated medium to be
treated.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by means
of non-limiting examples only.
Example 1 :
Multiple fogging cycles were used so as to determine the efficacy thereof
on the total bacterial surface loads in a series of chillers over a 42 hour
chilling period.
Samples 1 , 2 and 3 were carcasses fogged separately in closed chillers
with 30 minute intervals. Samples 4 and 5 were carcasses sampled in
operating chillers. Foggers were put on the floor of the chillers and
carcasses were therefore not fogged directly. 3 x sampling was conducted
42 hours after the previous fogging on all samples so as to establish
whether there would be an increase in bacterial loads over the 42 hours
prior to de-boning.
Multiple fogging in areas where the fog is not mechanically removed from
the room during the fogging process is highly effective in reducing total
counts.
Fogging in operating chillers is not effective.
Throughout the trial Coliform counts were low, most probably due to
carcass washing and results therefore were not given. The results are
shown in the accompanying tables.
Example 2 :
Enclosed volumes containing diverse equipment, including 2 tables and a
scale, were fogged so as to determine the microcidal effect of anolyte on
the enclosure surfaces and the enclosed equipment.
The results are shown in the accompanying tables.
Example 3 :
Cattle carcasses were treated at the Agricultural Research Council Unit,
Irene, Gauteng, South Africa.
The anolyte used was generated under and with the following
characteristics :
Current : 10 Ampere; Voltage : 24 Volt
ORP : + 762 mV; TDS; 6,04 g/£
pH : 6,8
The chiller treated had volume (space) for about 1 6 carcasses. The
fogging process consisted of 3 cycles of 20 minutes each, with 10 minutes
in between each cycle.
Samples were taken from the neck area, the breast area, the back area and
the hindquarter area.
Samples were taken of all micro-organisms by means of total plate count
( Redoc plates), total plate counts (petri film) and Coliforms (petri film).
The results are shown in the accompanying tables.
Example 4 :
A number of 800 lamb carcasses were subjected to tests, 400 being
fogged with anolyte and 400 being used as the control group. Samples
were taken before treatment, after a second cycle and a fourth cycle, while
the control group was sampled before and after 24 hours of chilling.
Additional samples were taken from both the treated and the control group
for measuring TPC only.
The results are shown in the accompanying tables.
It will be appreciated that many variations in detail are possible without
departing from the scope and/or spirit of the invention as claimed in the
claims hereinafter.
Example 1: (New Style Pork)
Objective:
To determine the effect of multiple fogging on the total bacterial -surface loads over a 42 hour chilling period.
Comments
1, 2 and 3 were fogged separately in chillers with 30 minutes intervals.
Chillers were not in operation. After fogging, carcasses were returned to original chillers.
Example 2 :
Microcidal Effect of Anolyte on Surfaces and Equipment
Example 3: (Calf Carcasses) A. Trial Carcasses Direct fogging in chiller with interrupted air circulation during the fogging process
Comments:
The fourth Swab was on the side of the triceps cut where all carcasses had been pushed by hand and were therefore more contaminated than adjoining surfaces.
All swabs were incubated at 37° C for 48 hours Coliform counts were negligible on all carcasses
B. Negative Control : Indirect fogging of carcasses that were present in the chiller, during the time of the experiment. Only final carcass counts on similar locations as the trials were taken.
Example 4:
Woolworths Trial 800 lamb carcasses
Results:
Treatment with Anolvte
Control group:
Further swabs were taken on the shoulder of 5 chilled and fogged carcases (after the 4th fogging).
Carcase # TPC
4BS1 1
4BS2 3
4BS3 0
4BS4 6
4BS5 6
Total 16
Mean/20cm2 3.2
Claims
. A method for applying electrochemically activated, bactericidal
aqueous solution in the bactericidal treatment of a contaminated
medium, the method characterised in including the step of atomising
and dispersing the electrochemically activated, bactericidal aqueous
solution into the atmosphere about a contaminated medium to be
treated, forming a fog of airborne droplets of between 1 and 100
micrometres of suitable bactericidal concentration about the treated
medium.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the aqueous solution is
selected from a group consisting of mixed oxidant, anion-containing
and mixed reductant, cation-containing solutions.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the electrochemically
activated, bactericidal aqueous solution is prepared by means of
electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the salt is selected from the
group consisting of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the anion-containing
solution and the cation-containing solution is produced by an
electrolysis device, having a through flow electrochemical cell with
two co-axial cylindrical electrodes, with a co-axial diaphragm
between the two electrodes so as to separate an annular inter-
electrode space into a catalytic and an analytic chamber.
6. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the electrochemically
activated, bactericidal aqueous solution is produced from an about
3 to 10% aqueous NaCl solution, electrolysed to produce mixed
reductant and mixed oxidant species.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the mixed oxidant and
reductant species are labile and, after about 96 hours, disappear
with relatively no residue being produced.
8. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the anion-containing
solution having a redox potential of about between + 450 V and
+ 1 200 mV and the cation-containing solution having a redox
potential of about between -200 mV and -900 and wherein the
anion-containing solution has a pH of between 2 and 9 and the cation-containing solution has a pH of 1 2 and 1 3.
9. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the anion-containing
solution includes mixed oxidant species selected from the group
consisting of CIO; CIO ; HclO; OH ; HO2 ; H2O2; O3; S2O8 2" and
cι2o6 2-.
10. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the cation-containing
solution includes mixed reductant species selected from the group
consisting of OH"; H3 "; 02; H2-; H02-; H02 " and 02.
1 1 . A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the atomising and dispersing
step is repeated at pre-determined intervals so as to maintain a
suitable bactericidal fog concentration in the atmosphere, thus
uitilising the microcidal properties of the electrochemically activated
solution without detrimentally affecting the quality and condition of
the contaminated medium to be treated.
1 2. Equipment for use in a method for applying electrochemically
activated, bactericidal aqueous solution in the bactericidal treatment
of a contaminated medium to be treated, the equipment including an electrolysis device, having a through flow electrochemical cell with
two co-axial cylindrical electrodes, with a co-axial diaphragm
between them so as to separate an annular inter-electrode space into
a catalytic and an analytic chamber; and means for atomising and
dispersing the solution into the atmosphere about a contaminated
medium to be treated.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA9804415 | 1998-10-23 | ||
| ZA984415 | 1998-10-23 | ||
| PCT/IB1999/001693 WO2000024431A1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-18 | Method for applying bactericidal solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1123119A1 true EP1123119A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
Family
ID=25587023
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99947802A Withdrawn EP1123119A1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-18 | Method for applying bactericidal solutions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1123119A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1330558A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6116599A (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1041600A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000024431A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1251878A2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2002-10-30 | Radical Waters IP (PTY) Ltd | Dental equipment and method of operating such equipment |
| AU2001272036A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-21 | Radical Waters Ip (Pty) Ltd. | Method of and equipment for washing, disinfecting and/or sterilizing health caredevices |
| WO2007026363A2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Megair Ltd. | Method and apparatus for treating biologically contaminated air |
| CN105213299A (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2016-01-06 | Azad药物股份公司 | The pharmaceutical preparation of the hypochlorite solutions containing electrochemical activation |
| US8603391B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2013-12-10 | Megair Ltd. | Apparatus and method for air treatment and sanitization |
| US20120034356A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2012-02-09 | Megair Ltd | Method for prolonging the shelf life of agricultural and food products |
| KR20120094893A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-08-27 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | Device and method for cleaning food |
| CN103988885A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 江南大学 | Ice-temperature fresh-keeping method for Alosa sapidissima |
| CN108928889A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-04 | 北京甲护生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of stable high oxidation potential water |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3819329A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1974-06-25 | Morton Norwich Products Inc | Spray sanitizing system with electrolytic generator |
| FR2588190B1 (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1989-03-03 | F Tec Sarl | PROCESS FOR THE DISINFECTION OF INTERSTITIAL MEDIA LOADED WITH PATHOGENIC GERM |
| DK162141C (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1992-03-02 | Accu Air As | PROCEDURE FOR DISINFECTING ONE OR MORE ROOMS AND PLACES FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
| JPH07116664A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-09 | Yoshimi Sano | Electrolytic sterilizing and washing apparatus |
| WO1996003881A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-15 | Toto Ltd. | Strongly acidic sterile water containing low-concentration hypochlorous acid, method of forming strongly acidic sterile water containing low-concentration hypochlorous acid, apparatus therefor, and apparatus for forming and delivering strongly acidic sterile water containing low-concentration hypochlorous acid |
| DK173485B1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 2000-12-18 | Thure Barsoee Carnfeldt | Process for disinfecting or sterilizing food, feed, machinery and equipment for food and feedstuffs |
| RU2088539C1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-08-27 | Витольд Михайлович Бахир | Apparatus for producing detergent and disinfecting solutions |
| JP3153473B2 (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 2001-04-09 | 株式会社カイゲン | Disinfection device for medical equipment |
| US5783052A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1998-07-21 | Rscecat, Usa, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
-
1999
- 1999-10-18 EP EP99947802A patent/EP1123119A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-18 AU AU61165/99A patent/AU6116599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-18 CN CN99814410A patent/CN1330558A/en active Pending
- 1999-10-18 WO PCT/IB1999/001693 patent/WO2000024431A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-05-02 HK HK02103269.6A patent/HK1041600A1/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0024431A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6116599A (en) | 2000-05-15 |
| WO2000024431A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| CN1330558A (en) | 2002-01-09 |
| HK1041600A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010521 |
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