EP1121509A1 - Steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing - Google Patents

Steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing

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Publication number
EP1121509A1
EP1121509A1 EP99955798A EP99955798A EP1121509A1 EP 1121509 A1 EP1121509 A1 EP 1121509A1 EP 99955798 A EP99955798 A EP 99955798A EP 99955798 A EP99955798 A EP 99955798A EP 1121509 A1 EP1121509 A1 EP 1121509A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
steam
exhaust steam
jacket
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99955798A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1121509B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Kuehn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1121509A1 publication Critical patent/EP1121509A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1121509B1 publication Critical patent/EP1121509B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/61—Assembly methods using limited numbers of standard modules which can be adapted by machining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing.
  • a steam turbine is usually used in a power plant to drive a generator or in an industrial plant to drive a machine.
  • steam is supplied to the steam turbine as a flow medium, which relaxes in the steam turbine in a work-performing manner.
  • the steam After its expansion, the steam usually passes through an exhaust steam housing of the steam turbine into a downstream condenser and condenses there.
  • the exhaust housing can be flowed through axially or radially.
  • the condensate is then fed to a steam generator as feed water and, after its evaporation, returns to the steam turbine, so that a closed water-steam circuit is created.
  • the turbine housing of a steam turbine is usually composed of a plurality of housing sections, the structural dimensions of which are adapted to predetermined boundary parameters, such as the desired power size.
  • the housing sections can also be dimensioned for a suitable combination with other standard components.
  • the evaporation housing is usually arranged via a circumferential radial flange on the preceding housing section, also referred to as the inlet housing.
  • the annular diffuser formed by the exhaust steam housing is thus largely determined by the dimensions of the inlet housing. However, these can vary comparatively strongly depending on the predefined power size of the steam turbine and thus on the selected standard module for the inlet casing.
  • the dimension of the circular ring diffuser on the steam outlet side is determined by the connection diameter of the downstream condenser, which in turn is chosen uniformly for reasons of standardization, as a rule, regardless of the steam turbine output.
  • the adaptation of the exhaust steam housing and the annular diffuser formed in the process to a combination of a standard module for the inlet housing and a standard module for the condenser, which is ultimately determined by the power size of the steam turbine, can thus be comparatively complex, especially since due to the functionality as a diffuser the design of the flow path requires special attention to dedicate is.
  • Such a complex adaptation can largely compensate for the advantages that can be achieved by modularizing and / or standardizing the components.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing and with a turbine runner arranged in an exhaust bearing arranged within the exhaust steam housing and surrounded by an inner hub, in which the exhaust steam housing can be combined with various combinations of particularly simple means while maintaining favorable flow properties of the exhaust steam Entry housing and condenser is customizable.
  • the outer jacket of the exhaust steam housing comprises a first, cylindrical jacket-shaped jacket part, which is connected via a stiffening ring to a second, conical jacket-shaped jacket part, a conical jacket-shaped guide element for guiding the exhaust steam flow within the outer jacket on the stiffening ring is arranged, and in that the inner hub comprises a first, substantially conical jacket-shaped hub part and a second, essentially cylindrical-cylindrical hub part.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that for a particularly simple adaptation of the exhaust steam housing to any combination of inlet housing and condenser, extensive use of standard components should be provided while ensuring a high degree of flexibility in the design of the flow channel.
  • the cylindrical jacket-shaped first and the conical jacket-shaped second jacket part are provided as standard components.
  • the first casing part is provided for a connection to the radial flange of the inlet housing, which can be made in standard dimensions regardless of the size of the steam turbine.
  • the second part of the jacket is for the connection to the capacitor is provided and in accordance with its usually standardized dimensioning also carried out in standard dimensions.
  • the cone-shaped design of the second jacket part favors its use in the diffuser area.
  • the guide element together with the second jacket part in the outer region and the inner hub in the inner region form a diffuser with an annular cross section, which can be designed in a simple manner for particularly favorable flow behavior, in particular by suitable dimensioning of the first, cone-shaped hub part.
  • the performance-dependent adjustment is then carried out in a comparatively simple manner by the conical jacket-shaped guide element which is arranged within the first jacket part and limits the inflow cross section for the steam to the selected outlet cross section of the upstream inlet housing.
  • the guide element expediently extends on the inlet side to the last row of moving blades as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust steam. In this way, a fluidically particularly favorable transition from the inlet housing into the outflow area can be achieved, so that the diffuser function is ensured in a particularly reliable manner.
  • first and second jacket parts of the outer jacket allow the evaporation housing to be connected to both the upstream inlet housing and the downstream condenser in a particularly simple manner via standard components, with an adaptation being made by the guide element to the entry housing that is specifically selected depending on the required output size.
  • the guiding element also achieves a flow-technically favorable shaping of the flow area, and in combination with the cone-shaped hub part of the inner hub, even with varying flow geometry of the inlet housing, a reliably acting circular ring diffuser can be formed.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
  • the figure schematically shows a steam turbine in longitudinal section.
  • the steam turbine 1 according to the figure comprises an exhaust steam housing 2, through which steam expanded in the steam turbine 1 can be fed in the axial outflow direction to a condenser, not shown in the figure, which is connected downstream of the steam turbine 1.
  • the steam turbine 1 is provided for use as an industrial turbine and is designed for a mechanical output of approximately 6 to 8 MW.
  • the steam turbine 1 can also be provided for use as a power plant turbine with a comparatively higher mechanical output.
  • a final bearing 4, designed as a radial bearing, for the turbine rotor 6 of the steam turbine 1 is arranged inside the exhaust steam housing 2.
  • the turbine rotor 6 is also mounted in a number of further bearings 8 designed as radial and / or axial bearings so as to be rotatable about its central axis 10.
  • the end bearing 4 arranged in an inner hub 12 comprises bearing parts 14, 16 which together form a bearing housing for the actual bearing 18 of the end bearing 4. Further details regarding the design of the final bearing 4 and the associated sealing arrangement can also be seen in the figure; for the sake of clarity, however, they are not discussed here.
  • Arranged on the turbine rotor 6 are a number of rotor blades 20 which are combined into blade groups and which, together with stationary guide vanes 22, convert kinetic energy of the steam flowing through the steam turbine 1 into rotational energy of the turbine rotor 6.
  • the turbine rotor 6 is surrounded in a front area 24 by an inlet housing 26, on which a steam collecting space 28 is arranged for the inlet of steam into the steam turbine 1.
  • High-pressure steam reaches the interior of the inlet housing and thus the region of the moving blades 20 and the guide blades 22 via the steam collecting space 28, where it relaxes while performing work.
  • the turbine rotor 6 is surrounded by the exhaust steam housing 2, which is connected directly to the inlet housing 26 via a circumferential radial flange 32.
  • the steam turbine 1 is manufactured using a large number of standardized components. Both the radial flange 32 and a connecting flange (not shown in detail) of the downstream capacitor are dimensioned using standard dimensions.
  • the exhaust steam housing 2 has an outer jacket 34 which comprises a first, jacket-shaped jacket part 36.
  • the jacket part 36 is adapted to the radial flange 32 with regard to its dimensions, in particular with regard to its diameter, and is connected directly to the latter.
  • the jacket part 36 is connected on the steam outlet side via a circumferential stiffening ring 38 to a second, conical jacket-shaped jacket part 40, which in turn is directly connected to the steam outlet side via a circumferential radial flange 42 the connecting flange of the capacitor is connected.
  • Radial flange 42 is also standardized in terms of its dimensions and adapted to the standard dimensions of the connecting flange of the capacitor.
  • the steam turbine 1 is designed in a modular design and, by choosing a suitable module for the inlet housing 26, is adapted to a predetermined output size.
  • the adaptation to the output size is carried out while maintaining the standardized dimensions for the radial flange 32 by a suitable choice of the internal geometry, for example of the inlet housing 26.
  • a cone-shaped inside the outer casing 34 on the stiffening ring 38 Guide element 44 arranged to guide the exhaust steam flow.
  • the guide element 44 extends on the inlet side as far as the last row 46 of the rotor blades 20, as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust steam, and thereby forms a radial seal of the rotor blades 20 of the last row 46 to the outer casing 34 Even if the stiffening ring 38 has a predetermined and thus standardized diameter, it is possible to adapt the flow space in the evaporation housing to the specific internal geometry of the inlet housing 26 in a particularly simple manner.
  • the inner hub surrounding the end bearing 4 comprises a first, essentially conical jacket-shaped hub part 48.
  • a second, essentially cylindrical jacket-shaped hub part 50 is provided for forming the inner hub 12.
  • the circular ring diffuser of the axial outflow housing 2 is thus outside of the guide element 44 and the subsequent second jacket part 40 and internally from the first, cone-shaped hub part 48 and then from the second, cylindrical jacket-shaped hub part 50.
  • the end bearing 4, together with the inner hub 12, is held by a support 52, which is guided through the evaporation housing 2 in a lower region and is supported on a foundation block (not shown in any more detail).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam turbine (1) with an exhaust steam housing (2). The aim of the invention is to provide a particularly simple means of enabling an exhaust steam housing to be adapted to different combinations of an entry housing (26), which is connected upstream of the exhaust steam housing (2), and a condenser, whilst guaranteeing good flow conditions for the exhaust steam. To this end, the outer jacket (34) of the exhaust steam housing (2) comprises a first jacket part (36) in the form of a cylindrical jacket which is connected by a stiffening ring (38) to a second jacket part (40) in the form of a conical jacket. A conical jacket-shaped guiding element (44) for guiding the flow of exhaust steam inside the outer jacket (34) is located on the stiffening ring (38).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Dampfturbine mit einem AbdampfgehäuseSteam turbine with an exhaust casing
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Dampfturbine mit einem Abdampfgehäuse .The invention relates to a steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing.
Eine Dampfturbine wird üblicherweise in einer Kraftwerksanlage zum Antrieb eines Generators oder in einer Industriean- läge zum Antrieb einer Arbeitsmaschine eingesetzt. Dazu wird der Dampfturbine als Strömungsmedium dienender Dampf zugeführt, der sich in der Dampfturbine arbeitsleistend entspannt. Nach seiner Entspannung gelangt der Dampf üblicherweise über ein Abdampfgehäuse der Dampfturbine in einen die- ser nachgeschalteten Kondensator und kondensiert dort. Das Abdampfgehäuse kann dabei axial oder auch radial durchströmt sein. Das Kondensat wird sodann als Speisewasser einem Dampferzeuger zugeführt und gelangt nach seiner Verdampfung erneut in die Dampfturbine, so daß ein geschlossener asser-Dampf- Kreislauf entsteht.A steam turbine is usually used in a power plant to drive a generator or in an industrial plant to drive a machine. For this purpose, steam is supplied to the steam turbine as a flow medium, which relaxes in the steam turbine in a work-performing manner. After its expansion, the steam usually passes through an exhaust steam housing of the steam turbine into a downstream condenser and condenses there. The exhaust housing can be flowed through axially or radially. The condensate is then fed to a steam generator as feed water and, after its evaporation, returns to the steam turbine, so that a closed water-steam circuit is created.
Das Turbinengehäuse einer Dampfturbine ist üblicherweise aus mehreren Gehäuseabschnitten zusammengesetzt, die in ihrer konstruktiven Dimensionierung an vorgegebene Randparameter wie beispielsweise die gewünschte Leistungsgröße angepaßt sind. Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die fortschreitende Standardisierung und Modularisierung im Kraftwerksbau können die Gehäuseabschnitte dabei auch für eine geeignete Kombination mit anderen Standardbauteilen dimensioniert sein.The turbine housing of a steam turbine is usually composed of a plurality of housing sections, the structural dimensions of which are adapted to predetermined boundary parameters, such as the desired power size. In particular with regard to the progressive standardization and modularization in power plant construction, the housing sections can also be dimensioned for a suitable combination with other standard components.
Bei einer Dampfturbine mit axialer Abströmung, wie sie beispielsweise aus Tremmel, D. et al . , „Entwicklung einer kompakten 300-MW-Dampfturbine mit einflutigem ND-Teil und axialer Abströmung* , VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 72, 1992, S. 33 bis 43, bekannt ist, durchströmt der Abdampf das Abdampfgehäuse in im wesentlichen zur Hauptachse des Turbinenläufers paralleler Richtung. Ein derartiges Konzept kann beispielsweise besonders im Einsatz in sogenannten Gas- und Dampfturbinenan- lagen vorteilhaft und wünschenswert sein. Bei einer Dampftur- bine mit axialer Abströmung ist der Turbinenläufer üblicherweise in einem innerhalb des Abdampfgehäuses angeordneten, von einer Innennabe umgebenen Endlager gelagert. Die Innennabe bildet dabei gemeinsam mit dem Außenmantel des Abdampfgehäuses einen Strömungsraum für den Abdampf mit kreisringför- migem Querschnitt, der üblicherweise nahezu über die gesamte Länge des Abdampfgehäuses als Kreisringdiffusor ausgebildet ist.In a steam turbine with an axial outflow, as described, for example, by Tremmel, D. et al. , "Development of a compact 300 MW steam turbine with a single-flow low-pressure section and axial outflow *, VGB Kraftwerkstechnik, 72, 1992, pp. 33 to 43, the exhaust steam flows through the exhaust casing in a direction parallel to the main axis of the turbine rotor. Such a concept can be particularly advantageous and desirable, for example, when used in so-called gas and steam turbine plants. In the case of a steam turbine with an axial outflow, the turbine rotor is usually mounted in a final bearing which is arranged within the exhaust steam housing and is surrounded by an inner hub. The inner hub, together with the outer jacket of the exhaust steam housing, forms a flow space for the exhaust steam with an annular cross section, which is usually designed as an annular diffuser over almost the entire length of the exhaust steam housing.
Das Abdampfgehäuse ist üblicherweise über einen umlaufenden Radialflansch an dem ihm vorangehenden, auch als Eintrittsgehäuse bezeichneten Gehäuseabschnitt angeordnet. Hinsichtlich seines Dampfeinströmbereiches ist der durch das Abdampfgehäuse gebildete Kreisringdiffusor somit durch die Abmessungen des Eintrittsgehäuses weitgehend festgelegt. Diese können je- doch je nach vorgegebener Leistungsgröße der Dampfturbine und somit nach ausgewähltem Standardmodul für das Eintrittsgehäuse vergleichsweise stark variieren. Andererseits ist der Kreisringdiffusor dampfausgangsseitig in seiner Dimensionierung durch den Anschlußdurchmesser des nachgeschalteten Kon- densators festgelegt, der wiederum aus Standardisierungsgründen in der Regel unabhängig von der Leistungsgröße der Dampfturbine einheitlich gewählt ist.The evaporation housing is usually arranged via a circumferential radial flange on the preceding housing section, also referred to as the inlet housing. With regard to its steam inflow area, the annular diffuser formed by the exhaust steam housing is thus largely determined by the dimensions of the inlet housing. However, these can vary comparatively strongly depending on the predefined power size of the steam turbine and thus on the selected standard module for the inlet casing. On the other hand, the dimension of the circular ring diffuser on the steam outlet side is determined by the connection diameter of the downstream condenser, which in turn is chosen uniformly for reasons of standardization, as a rule, regardless of the steam turbine output.
Die Anpassung des Abdampfgehäuses und des dabei gebildeten Kreisringdiffusors an eine letztendlich durch die Leistungsgröße der Dampfturbine vorgegebene Kombination eines Standardmoduls für das Eintrittsgehäuse mit einem Standardmodul für den Kondensator kann somit vergleichsweise aufwendig sein, zumal aufgrund der Funktionalität als Diffusor der Aus- gestaltung des Strömungsweges besondere Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen ist. Eine derartig aufwendige Anpassung kann die durch die Modularisierung und/oder Standardisierung der Komponenten erzielbaren Vorteile weitgehend kompensieren.The adaptation of the exhaust steam housing and the annular diffuser formed in the process to a combination of a standard module for the inlet housing and a standard module for the condenser, which is ultimately determined by the power size of the steam turbine, can thus be comparatively complex, especially since due to the functionality as a diffuser the design of the flow path requires special attention to dedicate is. Such a complex adaptation can largely compensate for the advantages that can be achieved by modularizing and / or standardizing the components.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Dampfturbine mit einem Abdampfgehäuse und mit einem in einem innerhalb des Abdampfgehäuses angeordneten, von einer Innennabe umgebenen Endlager gelagerten Turbinenläufer anzugeben, bei der das Abdampfgehäuse mit besonders einfachen Mitteln unter Wahrung günstiger Strömungseigenschaften des Abdampfes an verschiedene Kombinationen von Eintrittsgehäuse und Kondensator anpaßbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing and with a turbine runner arranged in an exhaust bearing arranged within the exhaust steam housing and surrounded by an inner hub, in which the exhaust steam housing can be combined with various combinations of particularly simple means while maintaining favorable flow properties of the exhaust steam Entry housing and condenser is customizable.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem der Außen- mantel des Abdampfgehäuses einen ersten, zylindermantelförmi- gen Mantelteil umfaßt, der über einen Versteifungsring mit einem zweiten, kegelmantelformigen Mantelteil verbunden ist, wobei zur Führung des AbdampfStromes innerhalb des Außenmantels am Versteifungsring ein kegelmantelförmiges Führungsele- ment angeordnet ist, und indem die Innennabe ein erstes, im wesentlichen kegelmantelförmiges Nabenteil und ein zweites, im wesentlichen zylindermantelför iges Nabenteil umfaßt.This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that the outer jacket of the exhaust steam housing comprises a first, cylindrical jacket-shaped jacket part, which is connected via a stiffening ring to a second, conical jacket-shaped jacket part, a conical jacket-shaped guide element for guiding the exhaust steam flow within the outer jacket on the stiffening ring is arranged, and in that the inner hub comprises a first, substantially conical jacket-shaped hub part and a second, essentially cylindrical-cylindrical hub part.
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, daß für eine besonders einfache Anpassung des Abdampfgehäuses an eine beliebige Kombination von Eintrittsgehäuse und Kondensator eine weitgehende Verwendung von Standardbauteilen unter Gewährleistung einer hohen Flexibilität bei der Ausgestaltung des Strömungskanals vorgesehen sein sollte. Als Standardbauteile sind dabei insbesondere der zylindermantelförmige erste und der kegelmantelförmige zweite Mantelteil vorgesehen. Der erste Mantelteil ist dabei für einen Anschluß an den Radialflansch des Eintrittsgehäuses vorgesehen, der unabhängig von der Leistungsgröße der Dampfturbine in Standardabmessungen ausgeführt sein kann. Der zweite Mantelteil hingegen ist für den Anschluß an den Kondensator vorgesehen und entsprechend dessen üblicherweise standardisierter Dimensionierung ebenfalls in Standardabmessungen ausgeführt. Die kegelmantelför- mige Ausbildung des zweiten Mantelteils begünstigt dabei des- sen Einsatz im Diffusorbereich. Das Führungselement gemeinsam mit dem zweiten Mantelteil im Außenbereich und die Innennabe im Innenbereich bilden dabei einen Diffusor mit kreisringförmigem Querschnitt, der insbesondere durch eine geeignete Dimensionierung des ersten, kegelmantelformigen Nabenteils auf einfache Weise für ein besonders günstiges Strömungsverhalten ausgelegt sein kann.The invention is based on the consideration that for a particularly simple adaptation of the exhaust steam housing to any combination of inlet housing and condenser, extensive use of standard components should be provided while ensuring a high degree of flexibility in the design of the flow channel. In particular, the cylindrical jacket-shaped first and the conical jacket-shaped second jacket part are provided as standard components. The first casing part is provided for a connection to the radial flange of the inlet housing, which can be made in standard dimensions regardless of the size of the steam turbine. The second part of the jacket is for the connection to the capacitor is provided and in accordance with its usually standardized dimensioning also carried out in standard dimensions. The cone-shaped design of the second jacket part favors its use in the diffuser area. The guide element together with the second jacket part in the outer region and the inner hub in the inner region form a diffuser with an annular cross section, which can be designed in a simple manner for particularly favorable flow behavior, in particular by suitable dimensioning of the first, cone-shaped hub part.
Die leistungsgrößenabhängige Anpassung erfolgt dann in vergleichsweise einfacher Art und Weise durch das kegelmantel- förmige Führungselement, das innerhalb des ersten Mantelteils angeordnet ist und den Einströmquerschnitt für den Dampf auf den gewählten Auslaßquerschnitt des vorgeschalteten Eintrittsgehäuses begrenzt.The performance-dependent adjustment is then carried out in a comparatively simple manner by the conical jacket-shaped guide element which is arranged within the first jacket part and limits the inflow cross section for the steam to the selected outlet cross section of the upstream inlet housing.
Zweckmäßigerweise erstreckt sich das Führungselement ein- gangsseitig bis über die in Strömungsrichtung des Abdampfes gesehen letzte Laufschaufelreihe . Auf diese Weise ist ein strömungstechnisch besonders günstiger Übergang vom Eintrittsgehäuse in den Abströmbereich erreichbar, so daß die Diffusorfunktion auf besonders zuverlässige Weise sichergestellt.The guide element expediently extends on the inlet side to the last row of moving blades as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust steam. In this way, a fluidically particularly favorable transition from the inlet housing into the outflow area can be achieved, so that the diffuser function is ensured in a particularly reliable manner.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß durch den ersten und den zweiten Mantelteil des Außenmantels auf besonders einfache Weise über Standardbauteile ein Anschluß des Abdampfgehäuses sowohl an das vorgeschaltete Eintrittsgehäuse als auch an den nachgeschalteten Kondensator ermöglicht ist, wobei durch das Führungselement eine Anpassung an das je nach geforderter Leistungsgröße spe- zifisch gewählte Eintrittsgehäuse gewährleistet ist. Durch das Führungselement ist zudem eine strömungstechnisch günstige Ausformung des Strömungsbereichs erreicht, wobei gerade in Kombination mit dem kegelmantelformigen Nabenteil der Innennabe auch bei variierender Strömungsgeometrie des Ein- trittsgehäuses ein zuverlässig wirkender Kreisringdiffusor gebildet werden kann.The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that the first and second jacket parts of the outer jacket allow the evaporation housing to be connected to both the upstream inlet housing and the downstream condenser in a particularly simple manner via standard components, with an adaptation being made by the guide element to the entry housing that is specifically selected depending on the required output size. By the guiding element also achieves a flow-technically favorable shaping of the flow area, and in combination with the cone-shaped hub part of the inner hub, even with varying flow geometry of the inlet housing, a reliably acting circular ring diffuser can be formed.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt die Figur schematisch eine Dampfturbine im Längsschnitt.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. The figure schematically shows a steam turbine in longitudinal section.
Die Dampfturbine 1 gemäß der Figur umfaßt ein Abdampfgehäuse 2, durch das in der Dampfturbine 1 entspannter Dampf in axialer Abströmrichtung einem in der Figur nicht näher darge- stellten, der Dampfturbine 1 nachgeschalteten Kondensator zuführbar ist. Die Dampfturbine 1 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel zum Einsatz als Industrieturbine vorgesehen und für eine mechanische Leistung von etwa 6 bis 8 MW ausgelegt. Alternativ kann die Dampfturbine 1 aber auch zum Einsatz als Kraftwerk- sturbine mit vergleichsweise höherer mechanischer Leistung vorgesehen sein.The steam turbine 1 according to the figure comprises an exhaust steam housing 2, through which steam expanded in the steam turbine 1 can be fed in the axial outflow direction to a condenser, not shown in the figure, which is connected downstream of the steam turbine 1. In the exemplary embodiment, the steam turbine 1 is provided for use as an industrial turbine and is designed for a mechanical output of approximately 6 to 8 MW. Alternatively, the steam turbine 1 can also be provided for use as a power plant turbine with a comparatively higher mechanical output.
Innerhalb des Abdampfgehäuses 2 ist ein als Radiallager ausgebildetes Endlager 4 für den Turbinenläufer 6 der Dampftur- bine 1 angeordnet. Der Turbinenläufer 6 ist zudem in einer Anzahl weiterer, als Radial- und/oder Axiallager ausgebildeter Lager 8 um seine Mittelachse 10 drehbar gelagert. Das in einer Innennabe 12 angeordnete Endlager 4 umfaßt Lagerteile 14, 16, die gemeinsam ein Lagergehäuse für das eigentliche Lager 18 des Endlagers 4 bilden. Weitere Einzelheiten bezüglich der Ausgestaltung des Endlagers 4 sowie der zugehörigen Dichtungsanordnung sind ebenfalls aus der Figur erkennbar; sie werden der Übersicht halber an dieser Stelle jedoch nicht erörtert . Am Turbinenläufer 6 ist eine Anzahl von zu Schaufelgruppen zusammengefaßten Laufschaufeln 20 angeordnet, die gemeinsam mit ortsfest angeordneten Leitschaufeln 22 eine Umsetzung kinetischer Energie des die Dampfturbine 1 durchströmenden Dampfes in Rotationsenergie des Turbinenläufers 6 bewirken.A final bearing 4, designed as a radial bearing, for the turbine rotor 6 of the steam turbine 1 is arranged inside the exhaust steam housing 2. The turbine rotor 6 is also mounted in a number of further bearings 8 designed as radial and / or axial bearings so as to be rotatable about its central axis 10. The end bearing 4 arranged in an inner hub 12 comprises bearing parts 14, 16 which together form a bearing housing for the actual bearing 18 of the end bearing 4. Further details regarding the design of the final bearing 4 and the associated sealing arrangement can also be seen in the figure; for the sake of clarity, however, they are not discussed here. Arranged on the turbine rotor 6 are a number of rotor blades 20 which are combined into blade groups and which, together with stationary guide vanes 22, convert kinetic energy of the steam flowing through the steam turbine 1 into rotational energy of the turbine rotor 6.
Der Turbinenläufer 6 ist in einem vorderen Bereich 24 von einem Eintrittsgehäuse 26 umgeben, an dem zum Einlaß von Dampf in die Dampfturbine 1 ein Dampfsammelräum 28 angeordnet ist. Über den Dampfsammelräum 28 gelangt unter Hochdruck stehender Dampf in das Innere des Eintrittsgehäuses und somit in den Bereich der Laufschaufeln 20 und der Leitschaufeln 22, wo er sich arbeitsleistend entspannt. In einem in Strömungsrichtung des Dampfes gesehen hinteren Bereich 30 hingegen ist der Tur- binenläufer 6 vom Abdampfgehäuse 2 umgeben, das über einen umlaufenden Radialflansch 32 direkt mit dem Eintrittsgehäuse 26 verbunden ist.The turbine rotor 6 is surrounded in a front area 24 by an inlet housing 26, on which a steam collecting space 28 is arranged for the inlet of steam into the steam turbine 1. High-pressure steam reaches the interior of the inlet housing and thus the region of the moving blades 20 and the guide blades 22 via the steam collecting space 28, where it relaxes while performing work. In contrast, in a rear region 30 seen in the flow direction of the steam, the turbine rotor 6 is surrounded by the exhaust steam housing 2, which is connected directly to the inlet housing 26 via a circumferential radial flange 32.
Für eine besonders einfache und kostengünstige Bauweise ist die Dampfturbine 1 unter Verwendung einer großen Anzahl standardisierter Komponenten hergestellt. Dabei ist sowohl der Radialflansch 32 als auch ein nicht näher dargestellter Anschlußflansch des nachgeschalteten Kondensators unter Verwendung von Standardmaßen dimensioniert. Zum Anschluß an diese Komponenten weist das Abdampfgehäuse 2 einen Außenmantel 34 auf, der einen ersten, zylindermantelförmigen Mantelteil 36 umfaßt. Der Mantelteil 36 ist dabei hinsichtlich seiner Dimensionierung, insbesondere hinsichtlich seines Durchmessers, an den Radialflansch 32 angepaßt und unmittelbar an diesen angeschlossen.For a particularly simple and inexpensive construction, the steam turbine 1 is manufactured using a large number of standardized components. Both the radial flange 32 and a connecting flange (not shown in detail) of the downstream capacitor are dimensioned using standard dimensions. For connection to these components, the exhaust steam housing 2 has an outer jacket 34 which comprises a first, jacket-shaped jacket part 36. The jacket part 36 is adapted to the radial flange 32 with regard to its dimensions, in particular with regard to its diameter, and is connected directly to the latter.
Der Mantelteil 36 ist dampfausgangsseitig über einen umlaufenden Versteifungsring 38 mit einem zweiten, kegelmantelformigen Mantelteil 40 verbunden, der seinerseits dampfausgangs- seitig über einen umlaufenden Radialflansch 42 unmittelbar an den Anschlußflansch des Kondensators angeschlossen ist. DerThe jacket part 36 is connected on the steam outlet side via a circumferential stiffening ring 38 to a second, conical jacket-shaped jacket part 40, which in turn is directly connected to the steam outlet side via a circumferential radial flange 42 the connecting flange of the capacitor is connected. The
Radialflansch 42 ist dabei hinsichtlich seiner Dimensionierung ebenfalls standardisiert und an die Standardmaße des Anschlußflansches des Kondensators angepaßt.Radial flange 42 is also standardized in terms of its dimensions and adapted to the standard dimensions of the connecting flange of the capacitor.
Die Dampfturbine 1 ist in modularer Bauweise ausgeführt und durch die Wahl eines geeigneten Moduls für das Eintrittsgehäuse 26 an eine vorgegebene Leistungsgröße angepaßt. Die Anpassung an die Leistungsgröße erfolgt dabei unter Beibehal- tung der standardisierten Maße für den Radialflansch 32 durch geeignete Wahl der Innengeometrie beispielsweise des Eintrittsgehäuses 26. Zur leistungsgrößenspezifischen Anpassung des Abdampfgehäuses 2 an das Eintrittsgehäuse 26 ist innerhalb des Außenmantels 34 am Versteifungsring 38 ein kegelman- telförmiges Führungselement 44 zur Führung des Abdampfstromes angeordnet .The steam turbine 1 is designed in a modular design and, by choosing a suitable module for the inlet housing 26, is adapted to a predetermined output size. The adaptation to the output size is carried out while maintaining the standardized dimensions for the radial flange 32 by a suitable choice of the internal geometry, for example of the inlet housing 26. For the output size-specific adaptation of the exhaust steam housing 2 to the inlet housing 26, a cone-shaped inside the outer casing 34 on the stiffening ring 38 Guide element 44 arranged to guide the exhaust steam flow.
Das Führungselement 44 erstreckt sich eingangsseitig bis über die in Strömungsrichtung des Abdampfes gesehen letzte Reihe 46 der Laufschaufeln 20 und bildet dabei eine radiale Abdichtung der Laufschaufeln 20 der letzten Reihe 46 zum Außenmantel 34. Durch geeignete Wahl des Öffnungswinkels des das Führungselement 44 beschreibenden Kegels ist dabei auch bei fest vorgegebenem und somit standardisierten Durchmesser des Ver- steifungsrings 38 eine besonders einfache Anpassung des Strömungsraums im Abdampfgehäuse an die spezifische Innengeometrie des Eintrittsgehäuses 26 möglich.The guide element 44 extends on the inlet side as far as the last row 46 of the rotor blades 20, as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust steam, and thereby forms a radial seal of the rotor blades 20 of the last row 46 to the outer casing 34 Even if the stiffening ring 38 has a predetermined and thus standardized diameter, it is possible to adapt the flow space in the evaporation housing to the specific internal geometry of the inlet housing 26 in a particularly simple manner.
Zur Ausbildung eines für die Abströmung des Dampfes besonders günstigen kreisringförmigen Diffusors umfaßt die das Endlager 4 umschließende Innennabe ein erstes, im wesentlichen kegelmantelförmiges Nabenteil 48. Zudem ist zur Bildung der Innennabe 12 ein zweites, im wesentlichen zylindermantelförmi- ges Nabenteil 50 vorgesehen. Der Kreisringdiffusor des axia- len Abströmgehäuses 2 ist damit außen aus dem Führungselement 44 und dem anschließenden zweiten Mantelteil 40 und innen aus dem ersten, kegelmantelformigen Nabenteil 48 und anschließend aus dem zweiten, zylindermantelförmigen Nabenteil 50 gebildet.In order to form an annular diffuser which is particularly favorable for the outflow of the steam, the inner hub surrounding the end bearing 4 comprises a first, essentially conical jacket-shaped hub part 48. In addition, a second, essentially cylindrical jacket-shaped hub part 50 is provided for forming the inner hub 12. The circular ring diffuser of the axial outflow housing 2 is thus outside of the guide element 44 and the subsequent second jacket part 40 and internally from the first, cone-shaped hub part 48 and then from the second, cylindrical jacket-shaped hub part 50.
Das Endlager 4 ist mitsamt der Innennabe 12 durch einen in einem unteren Bereich durch das Abdampfgehäuse 2 geführten, auf einen nicht näher dargestellten Fundamentblock gestützten Träger 52 gehaltert. The end bearing 4, together with the inner hub 12, is held by a support 52, which is guided through the evaporation housing 2 in a lower region and is supported on a foundation block (not shown in any more detail).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Dampfturbine (1) mit einem Abdampfgehäuse (2), dessen Außenmantel (34) einen ersten, zylindermantelförmigen Mantel- teil (36) umfaßt, der über einen Versteifungsring (38) mit einem zweiten, kegelmantelformigen Mantelteil (40) verbunden ist, wobei zur Führung des AbdampfStromes innerhalb des Außenmantels (34) am Versteifungsring (38) ein kegelmantelförmiges Führungselement (44) angeordnet ist, und mit einem Tur- binenläufer (6), der in einem innerhalb des Abdampfgehäuses1. Steam turbine (1) with an exhaust steam casing (2), the outer casing (34) of which comprises a first, cylindrical casing-shaped casing part (36) which is connected via a stiffening ring (38) to a second, conical casing-shaped casing part (40), wherein a guide element (44) in the form of a conical shell is arranged on the stiffening ring (38) for guiding the exhaust steam flow inside the outer jacket (34), and with a turbine runner (6) which is located in a inside the exhaust steam housing
(2) angeordneten, von einer Innennabe (12) umgebenen Endlager (4) gelagert ist, wobei die Innennabe (12) ein erstes, im wesentlichen kegelmantelförmiges Nabenteil (48) und ein zweites, im wesentlichen zylindermantelförmiges Nabenteil (50) umfaßt.(2) is disposed, surrounded by an inner hub (12), final bearing (4), the inner hub (12) comprising a first, substantially conical shell-shaped hub part (48) and a second, substantially cylindrical-shell-shaped hub part (50).
2. Dampfturbine (1) nach Anspruch 1, deren Führungselement (44) sich eingangsseitig bis über die in Strömungsrichtung des Abdampfes gesehen letzte Laufschaufelreihe erstreckt. 2. Steam turbine (1) according to claim 1, the guide element (44) extends on the input side over the last row of blades as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust steam.
EP99955798A 1998-10-07 1999-09-24 Steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing Expired - Lifetime EP1121509B1 (en)

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DE19846224 1998-10-07
DE19846224A DE19846224A1 (en) 1998-10-07 1998-10-07 Steam turbine with an exhaust steam casing
PCT/DE1999/003080 WO2000020727A1 (en) 1998-10-07 1999-09-24 Steam turbine with an exhaust steam housing

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JP2012112359A (en) * 2010-11-26 2012-06-14 Toshiba Corp Bearing stand cover of axial-flow exhaust turbine and axial-flow exhaust turbine
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KR101914870B1 (en) * 2017-06-28 2018-12-28 두산중공업 주식회사 Method of disassembling and assembling a gas turbine and a gas turbine assembled thereby
CN114508388B (en) * 2021-12-29 2023-07-18 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 Double-exhaust combined steam valve flow guiding structure

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US6406252B2 (en) 2002-06-18
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DE19846224A1 (en) 2000-04-20
WO2000020727A1 (en) 2000-04-13

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