EP1120806B1 - Safety relay, the use of such a relay and switching device with it - Google Patents

Safety relay, the use of such a relay and switching device with it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1120806B1
EP1120806B1 EP01810026.3A EP01810026A EP1120806B1 EP 1120806 B1 EP1120806 B1 EP 1120806B1 EP 01810026 A EP01810026 A EP 01810026A EP 1120806 B1 EP1120806 B1 EP 1120806B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
relais
contacts
comb
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01810026.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1120806A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Fausch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elesta GmbH
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Elesta Relays GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1120806A1 publication Critical patent/EP1120806A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/026—Details concerning isolation between driving and switching circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/002—Details of electromagnetic relays particular to three-phase electromagnetic relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H01H50/58—Driving arrangements structurally associated therewith; Mounting of driving arrangements on armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H2050/028—Means to improve the overall withstanding voltage, e.g. creepage distances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H49/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of relays or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/641—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part performing a rectilinear movement
    • H01H50/642—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part performing a rectilinear movement intermediate part being generally a slide plate, e.g. a card

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a safety relay according to the preamble of claim 5, with an electrically insulating support member and the support member arranged an electromagnetic drive, at least one positively driven control contact and at least three positively driven load contacts, and the use of such a safety relay and a switching device with such a safety relay ,
  • the contacts each consist of two substantially parallel, planar contact springs, each with a contact head, a spring base at a distance from the contact head and at least one connected to the spring foot connector, in particular one or two pin.
  • the contact springs sit firmly with the spring foot in the carrier part.
  • a positively driven relay is understood to be a relay in which the contacts are forcibly guided with a common, movable drive-connected comb and in which at least one make contact and one normally closed contact are provided.
  • Forcibly guided means that in each case one of the contact springs of each contact is close to the head of a fixed stop and the other engages in the comb so that it is necessarily moved with the movements of the comb. This ensures that when a contact is welded, either the welded contact is torn apart, or the comb can not be moved and therefore the other contacts must remain in the given by the welding position.
  • safety relay is understood to mean a safety relay in accordance with standard EN 50205.
  • EN 50205 standard for a safety relay according to the EN 50205 standard
  • clearances and creepage distances between the control contact and the load contact comply with the requirements of IEC 61810-5 and IEC 664-1. The contents of these standards are assumed to be known to those skilled in the art.
  • Three-phase motors For switching electrical current consumers, such as e.g. Three-phase motors, where a high safety standard must be met, two safety relays and two downstream contactors are used. This is also useful for powers of, for example, over 6 kW. But also power of about 1 to 4 kW are switched such that the contactor used there would be suitable for significantly larger loads.
  • Three-phase motors with a load current of, for example, 5.6 A (continuous current) and an inrush peak of approx. 40 A can not be switched with known safety relays without providing such an oversized contactor. This requires a not inconsiderable wiring effort. This wiring, each relay and the contactors are in the manufacture of the circuit relatively complex parts and are separate possible sources of error.
  • a transverse boundary wall defines a space for the contacts against a space for the drive system.
  • the contacts consist of two planar contact springs, which are arranged with a foot part in a base plate.
  • the contact space is subdivided into a plurality of contact chambers with a longitudinal dividing wall running in a longitudinal center plane perpendicular to the base plate and vertical cross dividing walls emerging from this on both sides.
  • the non-moving contact springs are each against a counter-position.
  • the moving contact springs are moved by a slider connected to the armature.
  • the slide is arranged above the longitudinal dividing wall and transverse dividing walls and rests with a horizontal plate on the upper end faces of these partitions. He has for compelling leadership of the movable contact springs on narrow slits in this plate. It also has wide slots through which the non-moving contact springs pass.
  • the slide also has analogous to the contact chambers forming walls under the slide over the plate on a longitudinal partition wall, a transverse boundary wall and transverse partitions. These together form an analogous chambering in the head area of the contacts.
  • This relay has between longitudinal partition wall and transverse partition walls on the one hand and the slider on the other hand straight air passages between the contact springs neighboring contacts. Just as direct are the airways between exciter and contact circle. A safe separation of the excitation circuit from the contact circuit and the contact circuits with each other is possible with respect to air gaps only with generous dimensioning of the distances between the conductive parts. The relay must therefore be sized accordingly to meet the relevant safety standards.
  • From the EP-A-0 938 120 is a multi-pole, electromagnetically driven contactor known. This has two opposite fixed contacts and a movable contact bridge for each pole.
  • the contact bridge has two connected contacts associated with the two fixed contacts.
  • the contact bridges for the different poles are arranged on a common, movable carrier.
  • the carrier has an insulating wall meandering around the contacts, forming a chamber closed on three sides for each contact pair consisting of fixed and movable contact, adjacent chambers being open on opposite sides in the direction of movement.
  • the fixed contacts extend with their contact heads of a fourth, also open side into these the contacts of the contact bridges enclosing chambers.
  • a positively driven relay for explosive areas is known, the contacts each known from two contact springs, each with a contact head, a contact foot at a distance from the contact head and a pin connected to the foot.
  • the contact springs are fixed with the spring base in a carrier part. All contacts are forcibly guided by a common comb connected to a drive. It has at least one normally closed contact and several working contacts. Each one of the contact springs is close to the head of a fixed stop. The other contact spring of the contact is forcibly guided with the comb.
  • the relay is designed for mains voltage.
  • the partitions between the contact springs are arranged in a criss-cross pattern.
  • a septum separates a left from a right side of the relay. From this septum partition walls between the contacts in and end at the side of the relay with a free end edge.
  • a safety device for a railway switch which among other things has a positively driven relay with a normally closed contact and a three-phase contactor.
  • three-phase electric motors of 1 to 4 kW power can be reduced.
  • a positively driven relay is to be created, which is designed for voltages of more than 250 V, in particular the occurring in the three-phase mains current 400 V relative voltage between the phases, and meets the requirements of a positively driven safety relay.
  • a positively driven safety relay according to claim 5 is used for switching three phases of a three-phase mains voltage connected to the three load contacts.
  • two series-connected relays are used to synchronously switch the three phases in the two relays.
  • the reduction of the number of parts brings with it a reduction of the possible sources of error.
  • the double version of the relay is for safety. Whether two series-connected relays or a twin relay is used is not relevant.
  • a circuit for a three-phase mains supply in particular a short-circuit-proof electric motor, with a positively driven safety relay according to claim 5, the three phases of the mains current according to the invention are connected to the load contacts of the safety relay.
  • two safety relays connected in series are also provided here in two separate relays or together in the form of a twin relay for the sake of safety.
  • the individual contact springs of the load contacts are separated from one another by a spring foot to at least near the head and from one side of the relay to the other reaching insulating wall disk.
  • the wall plate is angled on the sides in the opposite direction and each bend is connected in each case with another of the two adjacent wall plates.
  • the wall plates and bends together form a coherent partition wall meandering around the contact springs of the load contacts.
  • the meandering is available through two interlocking molds. These shapes are spaced and joinable transversely to the direction of movement of the comb with relative translation.
  • the contact springs of the control contacts have a smaller cross-section than those of the load contacts. This allows a material and space savings in the control contacts.
  • the cross sections of the springs of the load contacts are larger than those of the control contacts. This not only has the advantage that higher currents at lower heating of the springs of the load contacts can flow through them, but also that the spring force of these contact springs is higher, and so the force is increased to release the contact and therefore larger welds of the contact heads are solved as with smaller spring cross sections.
  • the contact springs of the load contacts in a linear row in the direction of movement of the comb are arranged one behind the other and claim the same width as two control contacts side by side. This allows easy control of the contact springs with a common comb.
  • the stop for the contact springs which are not in engagement with the comb, formed by a lip on the wall plate between the contact springs of a contact.
  • This wall plate is very stiff thanks to the bends and can absorb enough large forces in the heated state, to safely retain the contact spring.
  • the stop can be formed on one or the other of the two toothed casting molds. As a result, various combinations of resting and working contacts are available through minor changes to the mold.
  • the wall plate between the contact springs of different contacts advantageously extends at least until between the contact heads.
  • a chambering for each contact spring is formed, which ensures a secure separation of the contacts from each other even with heavy contamination by burned material of the contact heads.
  • the wall plates between two adjacent contacts is guided beyond the contact heads to extend the air gap between these contacts.
  • webs are formed on the comb between the contact head on the engaging in the comb contact spring and the wall plate between two contacts, which are aligned parallel to the wall plate. These webs also extend the air gap between adjacent contact springs of different contacts. They allow a minimum height of the relay and at the same time the desired To achieve extension of the air gap between the head ends of adjacent contact springs of different contacts.
  • the wall disks between the contact springs of the same contact and the bends are the same height. Lower bends would affect the stiffness of the wall disc, higher impact on the view of the contact heads.
  • the contact springs of the load contacts of the spring base relative to the contact head offset laterally, so that the pins of the two contact springs of a load contact are arranged on opposite edges of the support member, but the heads on a center line in between.
  • the pins of adjacent contact springs are therefore each at the opposite edge of the relay and the pins on the same edge of the relay in double spring distance.
  • the spring feet are arranged at the open side of the chamber, so that slots in the carrier part for receiving the contact springs cut as little as possible deep into the carrier part.
  • the load contacts advantageously each have two pins in order to avoid springs with a pin, the double connection surface with a connection part, e.g. a board or a relay socket.
  • control contacts with respect to the direction of movement of the comb are arranged side by side and separated by a directed in the direction of movement of the comb partition. This is the most space-saving arrangement and ensures adequate separation of the contacts thanks to the chambering achieved with the septum.
  • the comb in the region of the septum on an elongated opening and extends the septum with its crest-side edge through this opening.
  • the septum is advantageously forked at its crest-side edge.
  • the fork forms a furrow along the direction of movement of the comb.
  • a cover is provided, which extends with a rib in the groove and between the bifurcation of the septum. This is a labyrinthine extension of the air gap achieved between the two control contacts, which in turn allows a minimum height of the relay.
  • the contact springs of the load contacts are also angled with respect to their axis pin contact head, so that the head on a center line, the two pin at one or the other edge of the support member are arranged, the contact springs of the load contacts are still substantially planar and the same shape , They differed only in the length of a head end protruding above the contact head, so that the active long-end contact springs engage the comb, but the short-end passive ones do not.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are each two series-connected relays 11, 11 'and 11 * shown, with which the three phases 13,14,15 of a network connection are connected to switch a three-phase motor 17 safely.
  • a circuit can for example be used in a safety monitoring of a press, a cutting machine or the like and, for example, to connect to a danger zone monitoring light curtain.
  • the relays 11, 11 'each have a drive 19, 19', a control contact 21, 21 'and three load contacts 23, 24, 25 and 23', 24 ', 25', each in a known manner in a carrier part 12, 12 ' ,
  • the load contacts are not connected to a control current for controlling a contactor, but to the three phases of an AC supply network with each phase approximately 230 volts nominal voltage, between the phases about 400 volts voltage difference.
  • the control contact 21,21 ' is, for example, unte 2 or 24 volts.
  • the separation of the load contacts 23,24,25, or 23 ', 24', 25 'against each other is designed for 400 volts.
  • the separation between the load and control contacts corresponds to the double or reinforced insulation. This could also makeshift eg Applicant's known relay of the SIR series having 10 contacts can be used by connecting each second contact alternately on one and the other side of the separating 5 and 5 contacts separating wall with a phase.
  • the relays are activated and deactivated.
  • a pulse or control current e.g. caused by an interruption of a light beam of a light curtain, triggers the switching of the relay 11,11 'in a known manner. Should be e.g. a contact 23 of the relay 11 when deactivating the relay 11 does not open, it can be assumed that the upstream contact 23 'of the relay 11' opens and thereby the power supply of the phase 13 is still interrupted.
  • the different switching state is determined on the basis of the positively driven control contacts 21,21 '.
  • FIG. 2 Analogously, in FIG. 2 the circuit also shown with a twin relay 11 *.
  • a twin relay 11 * On the support member 12 * a plurality of pairs of internally connected load contacts 23,24,25, or 23 ', 24', 25 'and control contacts 21,22, or 21', 22 'and two separate drives 19,19' are arranged.
  • a second control contact 22, 22 'and a fourth load contact 27, 27' are provided.
  • the additional load contact 27, 27 ' it is also possible, for example, to interrupt a neutral conductor or to switch a line 29 with, for example, a warning light 31.
  • FIG. 3 shows a specially suitable for such a circuit relay 11.
  • a support member 12 In a support member 12 are on a control side 32 of the relay 11 of the drive 19, consisting essentially of an electromagnet 33 with a tilting armature 35, and two control contacts 21,22 housed.
  • On a load side 37 3 load contacts 23,24,25 are arranged.
  • the contact springs 23a and 23b, 24a and 24b and 25a and 25b together form a contact 23, 24, 25.
  • Each contact spring is separated from the other by a wall plate 41,43, wherein the wall plates 41 between two springs of a contact, eg between the contact spring 23a and 23b, is less high than the length of the contact spring between the clamping portion 67 (see FIG. 4 ) and contact head 47.
  • the high wall plate 43 are each arranged between two contact springs of different contacts, for example 24b and 25a, and extend up beyond the contact heads 47.
  • On the high wall discs 43 of the comb 49 is located. Overlapping with the high wall discs 43 and parallel to these ribs 51 are formed on the comb 49, which extend over the entire width of the comb. These ribs 51 extend along with the wall plates 43 the airway between the various load contacts 23,24,25.
  • septum 53 A similar wall plate, here called septum 53, is formed between two control contacts 21, 22. This runs perpendicular to the wall disks 41,43 and separates the control contacts 21,22. This septum is at its upper end, ie in the vicinity of the contact heads 47 of the control contacts 21,22, two-layered with a gap between the layers. This two-layered part extends through an opening 55 in the comb 49 and is in locked relay housing in engagement with a rib 57 on a transparent relay cover 59 (see Fig. 4 ).
  • an opening 55 for the partition 53 and an engagement opening 61 for the armature 35 are provided.
  • slots 63 are provided for the active in contact with the comb 49 active contact springs 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a, 25a. Dotted lines show the positions of the other, passive contact springs 21b, 22b, 23b, 24b, 25b. Slots may also be provided at these locations. This allows the use of the same comb 49 with other arrangement of idle and working contacts.
  • the partition wall 65 can be seen, which with a rectangular wavy line the individual contact springs 23a, b, 24a, b, 25a, b of the load contacts einscht.
  • the partition wall 65 as a whole has an H-shape in the area of the control contacts in the plan view, wherein a control contact 21, 22 is arranged in each of the two chambers of the H's.
  • the two contact springs 21a and 21b or 22a and 22b of these contacts are each separated by a wall with stop rib for the passive contact spring 21b, 22b. From one end of the load contact side vertical bar of the H perpendicular to the meandering around the load contact springs partition 65 is perpendicular away.
  • the height of the wall is such that the contact heads of the contact springs are arranged above the partition wall 65. Between the contacts, the partition is increased and causes with the ribs 51 on the comb 49 together safe separation of the contacts, so that a voltage difference of 400 V can not lead to a voltage flashover between the contacts.
  • the support member 12 engage forms in the region of the contacts of two sides of each other, which define the partition wall shape described above as a gap. These shapes can be pulled out of the cast support member 12 in opposite directions. Because all the contact springs 21a to 25b used in the carrier part 12 are made of planar sheet metal laminations and essentially have no bending in the metal sheet, a relatively quick and easy adjustment is achieved by slightly bending the contact springs directly over the foot region and in operation.
  • the pins 73 of the load contacts and the pins 74 of the control contacts are doubled in a known manner by folding the sheet in thickness.
  • the contact heads 47 are riveted into the contact springs.
  • a positively driven safety relay 11 with at least three load contacts 23,24,25 and at least one control contact 21,22 is therefore used for direct switching of the three phases of a three-phase AC power connection.
  • the load contacts by a rectangular to the planar contact springs 23a, b, 24, a, b, 25a, b meandering partition wall 65 ToCmmert to withstand a relative voltage of 400 V.
  • the contact springs 23a, b, 24, a, b, 25a, b have a contact head 47 and a spring base inserted into the support member 12, wherein in the stronger than the control contacts 21,22 designed load contacts 23,24,25 of the spring leg 67 with two Pins 73 is provided, and marginal, the contact head 47, however, is arranged centrally relative to the relay support member 12.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
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Description

Technisches Gebiet der ErfindungTechnical field of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheits-Relais gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5, mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Trägerteil und am Trägerteil angeordnet einem elektromagnetischen Antrieb, wenigstens einem zwangsgeführten Steuerkontakt und wenigsten drei zwangsgeführten Lastkontakten, sowie die Verwendung eines solchen Sicherheitsrelais und eine Schaltvorrichtung mit einem solchen Sicherheitsrelais. Bei einem solchen Relais bestehen die Kontakte jeweils aus zwei im Wesentlichen parallelen, ebenflächigen Kontaktfedern mit je einem Kontaktkopf, einem Federfuss in einem Abstand zum Kontaktkopf und wenigstens einem mit dem Federfuss verbundenen Anschlussteil, insbesondere einem oder zwei Pin. Die Kontaktfedern sitzen mit dem Federfuss im Trägerteil fest.The invention relates to a safety relay according to the preamble of claim 5, with an electrically insulating support member and the support member arranged an electromagnetic drive, at least one positively driven control contact and at least three positively driven load contacts, and the use of such a safety relay and a switching device with such a safety relay , In such a relay, the contacts each consist of two substantially parallel, planar contact springs, each with a contact head, a spring base at a distance from the contact head and at least one connected to the spring foot connector, in particular one or two pin. The contact springs sit firmly with the spring foot in the carrier part.

Unter zwangsgeführtem Relais wird ein Relais verstanden, bei welchem die Kontakte mit einem gemeinsamen, mit dem Antrieb in Verbindung stehenden, beweglichen Kamm zwangsgeführt sind und bei welchem mindestens ein Arbeitskontakt und ein Ruhekontakt vorgesehen ist. Zwangsgeführt heisst, dass jeweils eine der Kontaktfedern jedes Kontaktes in Kopfnähe an einem festen Anschlag ansteht und die andere derart in den Kamm eingreift, dass sie zwingend mit den Bewegungen des Kammes mitbewegt wird. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass, wenn ein Kontakt verschweisst, entweder der verschweisste Kontakt auseinandergerissen wird, oder der Kamm nicht bewegt werden kann und daher die andern Kontakte in der durch die Verschweissung gegebenen Stellung verharren müssen.A positively driven relay is understood to be a relay in which the contacts are forcibly guided with a common, movable drive-connected comb and in which at least one make contact and one normally closed contact are provided. Forcibly guided means that in each case one of the contact springs of each contact is close to the head of a fixed stop and the other engages in the comb so that it is necessarily moved with the movements of the comb. This ensures that when a contact is welded, either the welded contact is torn apart, or the comb can not be moved and therefore the other contacts must remain in the given by the welding position.

Unter dem Begriff Sicherheitsrelais wird ein Sicherheitsrelais gemäss der Norm EN 50205 verstanden. In einem Sicherheitsrelais gemäss der Norm EN 50205 entsprechen die Luftstrecken und Kriechstrecken zwischen Steuerkontakt und Lastkontakt den Anforderungen der Norm IEC 61810-5 und IEC 664-1. Die Inhalte dieser Normen werden als dem Fachmann bekannt vorausgesetzt.The term safety relay is understood to mean a safety relay in accordance with standard EN 50205. In a safety relay according to the EN 50205 standard, clearances and creepage distances between the control contact and the load contact comply with the requirements of IEC 61810-5 and IEC 664-1. The contents of these standards are assumed to be known to those skilled in the art.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Schaltung von elektrischen Strombezügern, wie z.B. Drehstrommotoren, bei welchen ein hoher Sicherheitsstandard erfüllt werden muss, werden zwei Sicherheitsrelais und zwei nachgeschaltete Schütze verwendet. Dies ist bei Leistungen von beispielsweise über 6 kW auch zweckmässig. Doch werden auch Leistungen von ca. 1 bis 4 kW derart geschaltet, wobei das dort verwendete Schütz für bedeutend grössere Lasten geeignet wäre. Dreiphasige Motoren mit einem Laststrom von beispielsweise 5.6 A (Dauerstrom) und einer Einschaltspitze von ca. 40 A können nicht mit bekannten Sicherheitsrelais geschaltet werden, ohne dass ein solches überdimensioniertes Schütz vorgesehen ist. Dies benötigt einen nicht vernachlässigbaren Verdrahtungsaufwand. Diese Verdrahtung, jedes Relais und die Schütze sind in der Herstellung der Schaltung relativ aufwändige Teile und stellen separate mögliche Fehlerquellen dar.For switching electrical current consumers, such as e.g. Three-phase motors, where a high safety standard must be met, two safety relays and two downstream contactors are used. This is also useful for powers of, for example, over 6 kW. But also power of about 1 to 4 kW are switched such that the contactor used there would be suitable for significantly larger loads. Three-phase motors with a load current of, for example, 5.6 A (continuous current) and an inrush peak of approx. 40 A can not be switched with known safety relays without providing such an oversized contactor. This requires a not inconsiderable wiring effort. This wiring, each relay and the contactors are in the manufacture of the circuit relatively complex parts and are separate possible sources of error.

Aus der AT-A-379254 ist ein elektromagnetisches Klappanker-Relais mit zwangsgeführten Starkstromkontakten bekannt. Bei diesem grenzt eine Querbegrenzungswand einen Raum für die Kontakte gegen einen Raum für das Antriebssystem ab. Die Kontakte bestehen aus zwei ebenflächigen Kontaktfedern, die mit einem Fussteil in einer Grundplatte angeordnet sind. Der Kontaktraum ist mit einer in einer zur Grundplatte vertikalen Längsmittelebene verlaufende Längstrennwand und beidseitig von dieser ausgehenden vertikalen Quertrennwänden in mehrere Kontaktkammern unterteilt. Die nicht bewegten Kontaktfedern liegen jeweils an einer Gegenlage an. Die bewegten Kontaktfedern werden durch einen mit dem Anker verbundenen Schieber bewegt. Der Schieber ist oberhalb von Längstrennwand und Quertrennwänden angeordnet und liegt mit einer horizontalen Platte auf den oberen Stirnflächen diese Trennwände auf. Er weist zur zwingenden Führung der beweglichen Kontaktfedern schmale Schlitze in dieser Platte auf. Er weist darin zudem breite Schlitze auf, durch die die nicht beweglichen Kontaktfedern hindurchtreten. Der Schieber weist zudem analog zu den Kontaktkammern bildenen Wänden unter dem Schieber über der Platte eine Längstrennwand, eine Querbegrenzungswand und Quertrennwände auf. Diese bilden zusammen eine analoge Kammerung im Kopfbereich der Kontakte.From the AT-A-379 254 is a electromagnetic hinged armature relay with positively driven power contacts known. In this, a transverse boundary wall defines a space for the contacts against a space for the drive system. The contacts consist of two planar contact springs, which are arranged with a foot part in a base plate. The contact space is subdivided into a plurality of contact chambers with a longitudinal dividing wall running in a longitudinal center plane perpendicular to the base plate and vertical cross dividing walls emerging from this on both sides. The non-moving contact springs are each against a counter-position. The moving contact springs are moved by a slider connected to the armature. The slide is arranged above the longitudinal dividing wall and transverse dividing walls and rests with a horizontal plate on the upper end faces of these partitions. He has for compelling leadership of the movable contact springs on narrow slits in this plate. It also has wide slots through which the non-moving contact springs pass. The slide also has analogous to the contact chambers forming walls under the slide over the plate on a longitudinal partition wall, a transverse boundary wall and transverse partitions. These together form an analogous chambering in the head area of the contacts.

Dieses Relais weist zwischen Längstrennwand und Quertrennwänden einerseits und dem Schieber andererseits geradlinige Luftwege zwischen den Kontaktfedern benachbarter Kontakte auf. Genauso direkt sind die Luftwege zwischen Erreger- und Kontaktkreis. Eine sichere Trennung des Erregerkreises vom Kontaktkreis und der Kontaktkreise untereinander ist bezüglich Luftstrecken nur bei grosszügiger Dimensionierung der Abstände zwischen den leitfähigen Teilen möglich. Das Relais ist daher entsprechend gross zu bemessen, um die einschlägigen Sicherheitsstandarts zu erfüllen.This relay has between longitudinal partition wall and transverse partition walls on the one hand and the slider on the other hand straight air passages between the contact springs neighboring contacts. Just as direct are the airways between exciter and contact circle. A safe separation of the excitation circuit from the contact circuit and the contact circuits with each other is possible with respect to air gaps only with generous dimensioning of the distances between the conductive parts. The relay must therefore be sized accordingly to meet the relevant safety standards.

Aus der EP-A-0 938 120 ist ein mehrpoliger, elektromagnetisch angetriebener Schütz bekannt. Dieser weist für jeden Pol zwei gegenüberliegende feste Kontakte und eine bewegliche Kontaktbrücke auf. Die Kontaktbrücke weist zwei verbundene Kontakte auf, die den beiden festen Kontakten zugeordnet sind. Die Kontaktbrücken für die verschiedenen Pole sind auf einem gemeinsamen, beweglichen Träger angeordnet. Wird der Träger durch den elektromagnetischen Antrieb bewegt, so werden die festen Kontakte über die Brücken zusammengeschaltet, indem die Brückenkontakte gegen die festen Kontakte geführt werden, oder getrennt, wenn die entgegengesetzte Bewegung ausgeführt wird. Der Träger weist eine um die Kontakte mäandernde, isolierende Wand auf, die für jedes aus festem und beweglichem Kontakt bestehendes Kontaktpaar eine auf drei Seiten geschlossen Kammer bildet, wobei in Bewegungsrichtung benachbarte Kammern auf entgegengesetzte Seiten offen sind. Die festen Kontakte reichen mit ihren Kontaktköpfen von einer vierten, ebenfalls offenen Seite in diese die Kontakte der Kontaktbrücken umschliessenden Kammern hinein.
Aus der EP-A 0 954 001 ist ein zwangsgeführtes Relais für explosionsgefährdete Bereiche bekannt, dessen Kontakte jeweil aus zwei Kontaktfedern mit je einem Kontaktkopf, einem Kontaktfuss in einem Abstand zum Kontaktkopf und mit einem mit dem Fuss verbundenen Pin bekannt. Die Kontaktfedern sitzen mit dem Federfuss in einem Trägerteil fest. Alle Kontakte sind mit einem gemeinsamen, mit einem Antrieb verbundenen Kamm zwangsgeführt. Es besitzt wenigstens einen Ruhekontakt und mehrere Arbeitskontakte. Jeweils eine der Kontaktfedern steht in Kopfnähe an einem festen Anschlag an. Die andere Kontaktfeder des Kontakts ist mit dem Kamm zwangsgeführt. Das Relais ist für Netzspannung ausgelegt.
Die Trennwände zwischen den Kontaktfedern sind in einem Kreuzmuster angeordnet. Eine Scheidewand trennt eine linke von einer rechten Seite des Relais. Von dieser Scheidewand stehen Zwischenwände zwischen die Kontakte hinein und enden an der Seite des Relais mit einer freien Endkante.
Aus der DE 43 44 288 A1 ist eine Sicherungseinrichtung für eine Bahnweiche bekannt, welche unter Anderem ein zwangsgeführtes Relais mit einem Öffner und einem dreiphasigen Schliesser aufweist.From the EP-A-0 938 120 is a multi-pole, electromagnetically driven contactor known. This has two opposite fixed contacts and a movable contact bridge for each pole. The contact bridge has two connected contacts associated with the two fixed contacts. The contact bridges for the different poles are arranged on a common, movable carrier. When the carrier is moved by the electromagnetic drive, the fixed contacts are interconnected via the bridges by guiding the bridge contacts against the fixed contacts or disconnected when the opposite movement is performed. The carrier has an insulating wall meandering around the contacts, forming a chamber closed on three sides for each contact pair consisting of fixed and movable contact, adjacent chambers being open on opposite sides in the direction of movement. The fixed contacts extend with their contact heads of a fourth, also open side into these the contacts of the contact bridges enclosing chambers.
From the EP-A 0 954 001 a positively driven relay for explosive areas is known, the contacts each known from two contact springs, each with a contact head, a contact foot at a distance from the contact head and a pin connected to the foot. The contact springs are fixed with the spring base in a carrier part. All contacts are forcibly guided by a common comb connected to a drive. It has at least one normally closed contact and several working contacts. Each one of the contact springs is close to the head of a fixed stop. The other contact spring of the contact is forcibly guided with the comb. The relay is designed for mains voltage.
The partitions between the contact springs are arranged in a criss-cross pattern. A septum separates a left from a right side of the relay. From this septum partition walls between the contacts in and end at the side of the relay with a free end edge.
From the DE 43 44 288 A1 a safety device for a railway switch is known, which among other things has a positively driven relay with a normally closed contact and a three-phase contactor.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die Sicherheit beim Schalten von dreiphasigen Netzstrom (Drehstrom) beziehenden Strombezügern zu erhöhen, während das Bauvolumen der dazu notwendigen Teile verringert wird. Dazu soll insbesondere die Anzahl von Teilen zum Schalten und die möglichen Fehlerquellen bei der Schaltung von Strombezügern, insbesondere von kurzschlussfesten, dreiphasigen Elektromotoren von 1 bis 4 kW Leistung, verringert werden. Ferner soll ein zwangsgeführtes Relais geschaffen werden, das auf Spannungen von über 250 V, insbesondere die im dreiphasigen Netzstrom auftretenden 400 V Relativspannung zwischen den Phasen, ausgelegt ist und die Anforderungen an ein zwangsgeführtes Sicherheitsrelais erfüllt.It is an object of the present invention to increase the safety when switching three-phase mains current (three-phase current) related Strombezügern, while the volume of the necessary parts is reduced. For this purpose, in particular the number of parts for switching and the possible sources of error in the circuit of current consumers, especially short-circuit proof, three-phase electric motors of 1 to 4 kW power can be reduced. Furthermore, a positively driven relay is to be created, which is designed for voltages of more than 250 V, in particular the occurring in the three-phase mains current 400 V relative voltage between the phases, and meets the requirements of a positively driven safety relay.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die Reduzierung der Teilzahl und Verringerung der Anzahl von Fehlerquellen wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass ein zwangsgeführtes Sicherheits-Relais gemäss Anspruch 5 zur Schaltung von mit den drei Lastkontakten verbundenen drei Phasen einer dreiphasigen Netzspannung verwendet wird. Zweckmässigerweise werden zwei in Serie geschaltete Relais zum synchronen Schalten der drei Phasen in den zwei Relais verwendet. Durch die Verwendung des Relais zum direkten Schalten des Bezügerstromes können zwei den Relais nachgeschaltete Schütze und die entsprechende Verdrahtung der Schütze vermieden werden. Die Reduktion der Anzahl Teile bringt eine Reduktion der möglichen Fehlerquellen mit sich. Die doppelte Ausführung des Relais dient der Sicherheit. Ob zwei in Serie geschaltete Relais oder ein Zwillingsrelais verwendet werden, ist nicht von Belang.The reduction of the number of parts and reduction of the number of error sources is achieved according to the invention in that a positively driven safety relay according to claim 5 is used for switching three phases of a three-phase mains voltage connected to the three load contacts. Conveniently, two series-connected relays are used to synchronously switch the three phases in the two relays. By using the relay for direct switching of the supply current, two contactors downstream of the relays and the corresponding wiring of the contactors can be avoided. The reduction of the number of parts brings with it a reduction of the possible sources of error. The double version of the relay is for safety. Whether two series-connected relays or a twin relay is used is not relevant.

Bei einer Schaltung für einen drei Phasen-Netzstrom-Bezüger, insbesondere einen kurzschlussfesten Elektromotor, mit einem zwangsgeführten Sicherheits-Relais gemäss Anspruch 5 sind erfindungsgemäss die drei Phasen des Netzstromes an die Lastkontakte der Sicherheitsrelais angeschlossenen. Zweckmässigerweise sind auch hier der Sicherheit halber zwei in Serie geschaltete Sicherheitsrelais in zwei separaten Relais oder zusammen in Form eines Zwillingsrelais vorgesehen.In a circuit for a three-phase mains supply, in particular a short-circuit-proof electric motor, with a positively driven safety relay according to claim 5, the three phases of the mains current according to the invention are connected to the load contacts of the safety relay. Conveniently, two safety relays connected in series are also provided here in two separate relays or together in the form of a twin relay for the sake of safety.

Bei einem Relais gemäss Anspruch 5 sind die einzelnen Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte durch eine vom Federfuss bis zumindest in Kopfnähe und von einer Seite des Relais zur anderen reichende isolierende Wandscheibe voneinander getrennt. Dabei ist die Wandscheibe auf den Seiten in entgegengesetzter Richtung abgewinkelt und jede Abwinkelung jeweils mit einer anderen der beiden benachbarten Wandscheiben verbunden. Dadurch bilden die Wandscheiben und Abwinkelungen zusammen eine zusammenhängende, um die Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte mäandernde Trennwand. Dadurch sind die Voraussetzungen bezüglich Kriechstrecken zwischen den Lastkontakten auf engem Raum zu erfüllen, da die Kriechstrecke zwischen den Federfüssen der Kontaktfedern benachbarter Kontakte um eine Abwinkelung herumführt. Die Mäanderung ist durch zwei gegenseitig verzahnte Gussformen erhältlich. Diese Formen sind quer zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kammes mit einer relativen Translation auseinander und zusammenfügbar.In a relay according to claim 5, the individual contact springs of the load contacts are separated from one another by a spring foot to at least near the head and from one side of the relay to the other reaching insulating wall disk. In this case, the wall plate is angled on the sides in the opposite direction and each bend is connected in each case with another of the two adjacent wall plates. As a result, the wall plates and bends together form a coherent partition wall meandering around the contact springs of the load contacts. As a result, the requirements for creepage distances between the load contacts in a confined space to meet, since the creepage distance between the spring legs of the contact springs of adjacent contacts leads around a bend. The meandering is available through two interlocking molds. These shapes are spaced and joinable transversely to the direction of movement of the comb with relative translation.

Zweckmässigerweise weisen die Kontaktfedern der Steuerkontakte einen geringeren Querschnitt auf als diejenigen der Lastkontakte. Dies erlaubt eine Material und Platzeinsparung bei den Steuerkontakten. Umgekehrt gesagt, sind die Querschnitte der Federn der Lastkontakte grösser als diejenigen der Steuerkontakte. Dies hat nicht nur den Vorteil, dass höhere Ströme bei niedrigerer Erhitzung der Federn der Lastkontakte diese durchfliessen können, sondern auch dass die Federkraft dieser Kontaktfedern höher ist, und so die Kraft zum Lösen des Kontaktes erhöht ist und daher grössere Verschweissungen der Kontaktköpfe gelöst werden, als bei kleineren Federquerschnitten.Conveniently, the contact springs of the control contacts have a smaller cross-section than those of the load contacts. This allows a material and space savings in the control contacts. Conversely, the cross sections of the springs of the load contacts are larger than those of the control contacts. This not only has the advantage that higher currents at lower heating of the springs of the load contacts can flow through them, but also that the spring force of these contact springs is higher, and so the force is increased to release the contact and therefore larger welds of the contact heads are solved as with smaller spring cross sections.

Zweckmässigerweise sind die Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte in einer linearen Reihe in Bewegungsrichtung des Kammes hintereinander angeordnet und beanspruchen die selbe Breite wie zwei Steuerkontakte nebeneinander. Dies erlaubt eine einfache Ansteuerung der Kontaktfedern mit einem gemeinsamen Kamm.Conveniently, the contact springs of the load contacts in a linear row in the direction of movement of the comb are arranged one behind the other and claim the same width as two control contacts side by side. This allows easy control of the contact springs with a common comb.

Vorteilhaft ist der Anschlag für die Kontaktfedern, welche nicht in Eingriff mit dem Kamm sind, durch eine Lippe an der Wandscheibe zwischen den Kontaktfedern eines Kontaktes gebildet. Diese Wandscheibe ist dank den Abwinkelungen sehr steif und kann auch in erhitztem Zustand genügend grosse Kräfte aufnehmen, um die Kontaktfeder sicher zurückzuhalten. Der Anschlag kann je nach Ausführungsbeispiel an der einen oder der anderen der beiden verzahnten Gussformen ausgebildet werden. Dadurch sind verschiedene Kombinationen von Ruhe- und Arbeitskontakten durch geringfügige Änderungen an der Gussform erhältlich.Advantageously, the stop for the contact springs, which are not in engagement with the comb, formed by a lip on the wall plate between the contact springs of a contact. This wall plate is very stiff thanks to the bends and can absorb enough large forces in the heated state, to safely retain the contact spring. Depending on the exemplary embodiment, the stop can be formed on one or the other of the two toothed casting molds. As a result, various combinations of resting and working contacts are available through minor changes to the mold.

Die Wandscheibe zwischen den Kontaktfedern unterschiedlicher Kontakte reicht vorteilhaft wenigstens bis zwischen die Kontaktköpfe hinauf. Durch die Wandscheiben ist eine Kammerung für jede einzelne Kontaktfeder gebildet, welche auch bei starker Verschmutzung durch abgebranntes Material der Kontaktköpfe eine sichere Trennung der Kontakte voneinander gewährleistet. Die Wandscheiben zwischen zwei benachbarten Kontakten ist indes über die Kontaktköpfe hinaus geführt, um die Luftstrecke zwischen diesen Kontakten zu verlängern.The wall plate between the contact springs of different contacts advantageously extends at least until between the contact heads. Through the wall discs a chambering for each contact spring is formed, which ensures a secure separation of the contacts from each other even with heavy contamination by burned material of the contact heads. The wall plates between two adjacent contacts, however, is guided beyond the contact heads to extend the air gap between these contacts.

Vorteilhaft sind am Kamm zwischen dem Kontaktkopf an der im Kamm eingreifenden Kontaktfeder und der Wandscheibe zwischen zwei Kontakten Stege ausgebildet, welche parallel zur Wandscheibe ausgerichtet sind. Diese Stege verlängern ebenfalls die Luftstrecke zwischen benachbarten Kontaktfedern unterschiedlicher Kontakte. Sie erlauben eine minimale Bauhöhe des Relais und gleichzeitig die gewünschte Streckenverlängerung der Luftstrecke zwischen den kopfseitigen Enden benachbarter Kontaktfedern unterschiedlicher Kontakte zu erreichen.Advantageously, webs are formed on the comb between the contact head on the engaging in the comb contact spring and the wall plate between two contacts, which are aligned parallel to the wall plate. These webs also extend the air gap between adjacent contact springs of different contacts. They allow a minimum height of the relay and at the same time the desired To achieve extension of the air gap between the head ends of adjacent contact springs of different contacts.

Zweckmässigerweise sind die Wandscheiben zwischen den Kontaktfedern desselben Kontaktes und die Abwinkelungen gleich hoch. Niedrigere Abwinkelungen würden die Steifheit der Wandscheibe beeinträchtigen, höhere die Sicht auf die Kontaktköpfe beeintächtigen.Conveniently, the wall disks between the contact springs of the same contact and the bends are the same height. Lower bends would affect the stiffness of the wall disc, higher impact on the view of the contact heads.

Vorteilhaft ist bei den Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte der Federfuss gegenüber dem Kontaktkopf seitlich versetzt, so dass die Pins der beiden Kontaktfedern eines Lastkontaktes an gegenüberliegenden Rändern des Trägerteils angeordnet sind, die Köpfe jedoch auf einer Mittellinie dazwischen. Die Pins benachbarter Kontaktfedern liegen daher jeweils am gegenüberliegenden Rand des Relais und die Pins am selben Rand des Relais in doppeltem Federabstand. Dadurch sind die notwendigen und vorschriftsmässigen Sicherheitsabstände zwischen den Pins auf sehr kleinem Raum einhaltbar. Zweckmässigerweise sind die Federfüsse bei der offenen Seite der Kammerung angeordnet, so dass Schlitze im Trägerteil zum Aufnehmen der Kontaktfedern möglichst wenig tief in das Trägerteil hineinschneiden. Dabei weisen die Lastkontakte vorteilhaft jeweils zwei Pins auf, um gegenüber Federn mit einem Pin die doppelte Verbindungsfläche mit einem Anschlussteil, z.B. einer Platine oder einem Relaissockel, aufzuweisen.It is advantageous for the contact springs of the load contacts of the spring base relative to the contact head offset laterally, so that the pins of the two contact springs of a load contact are arranged on opposite edges of the support member, but the heads on a center line in between. The pins of adjacent contact springs are therefore each at the opposite edge of the relay and the pins on the same edge of the relay in double spring distance. As a result, the necessary and proper safety distances between the pins in a very small space can be maintained. Conveniently, the spring feet are arranged at the open side of the chamber, so that slots in the carrier part for receiving the contact springs cut as little as possible deep into the carrier part. In this case, the load contacts advantageously each have two pins in order to avoid springs with a pin, the double connection surface with a connection part, e.g. a board or a relay socket.

Vorteilhaft sind die Steuerkontakte bezüglich der Bewegungsrichtung des Kammes nebeneinander angeordnet und durch eine in Bewegungsrichtung des Kammes gerichtete Scheidewand getrennt. Dies ist die platzsparendste Anordnung und gewährleistet eine ausreichende Trennung der Kontakte dank der mit der Scheidewand erreichten Kammerung.Advantageously, the control contacts with respect to the direction of movement of the comb are arranged side by side and separated by a directed in the direction of movement of the comb partition. This is the most space-saving arrangement and ensures adequate separation of the contacts thanks to the chambering achieved with the septum.

Um diese Trennung auf möglichst kleinem Raum zu erreichen, weist der Kamm im Bereich der Scheidewand eine längliche Öffnung auf und reicht die Scheidewand mit ihrem kammseitigen Rand durch diese Öffnung hindurch. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist die Scheidewand vorteilhaft an ihrem kammseitigen Rand gegabelt. Die Gabelung bildet eine Furche längs zur Bewegungsrichtung des Kammes. Dabei ist eine Abdeckung vorgesehen, welche mit einer Rippe in die Furche und zwischen die Gabelung der Scheidewand hineinreicht. Dadurch ist eine labyrinthische Verlängerung der Luftstrecke zwischen den beiden Steuerkontakten erreicht, welche wiederum eine minimale Bauhöhe des Relais erlaubt.In order to achieve this separation in the smallest possible space, the comb in the region of the septum on an elongated opening and extends the septum with its crest-side edge through this opening. For the same reason, the septum is advantageously forked at its crest-side edge. The fork forms a furrow along the direction of movement of the comb. In this case, a cover is provided, which extends with a rib in the groove and between the bifurcation of the septum. This is a labyrinthine extension of the air gap achieved between the two control contacts, which in turn allows a minimum height of the relay.

Wenn die Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte auch abgewinkelt sind in Bezug auf ihre Achse Pin- Kontaktkopf, so dass der Kopf auf einer Mittellinie, die beiden Pin am einen oder anderen Rand des Trägerteils angeordnet sind, so sind die Kontaktfedern der Lastkontakte dennoch im Wesentlichen ebenflächig und gleichgestaltet. Sie unterschieden sich lediglich durch die Länge eines über den Kontaktkopf vorstehenden kopfseitigen Endes, so dass die aktiven Kontaktfedern mit langem Ende in den Kamm eingreifen, die passiven mit kurzem Ende jedoch nicht.If the contact springs of the load contacts are also angled with respect to their axis pin contact head, so that the head on a center line, the two pin at one or the other edge of the support member are arranged, the contact springs of the load contacts are still substantially planar and the same shape , They differed only in the length of a head end protruding above the contact head, so that the active long-end contact springs engage the comb, but the short-end passive ones do not.

Kurzbeschrieb der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von schematischen Zeichnungen von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Schaltschema mit einem erfindungsgemäss angeschlossenen Elektromotor,
  • Fig. 2 ein Schaltschema mit einem Zwillingsrelais mit zusätzlichen Kontakten,
  • Fig. 3 eine Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemässes Relais mit einer Untersicht unter den Kamm des Relais,
  • Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht des Relais gemäss Figur 3 mit Abdeckkappe.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 a circuit diagram with an inventive connected electric motor,
  • Fig. 2 a circuit diagram with a twin relay with additional contacts,
  • Fig. 3 a view of a relay according to the invention with a bottom view under the comb of the relay,
  • Fig. 4 a side view of the relay according to FIG. 3 with cover.

Beschrieb der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 und 2 sind je zwei in Serie geschaltete Relais 11, 11' bzw. 11* dargestellt, mit welchen die drei Phasen 13,14,15 eines Netzanschlusses geschaltet sind, um einen Drehstrommotor 17 sicher zu schalten. Eine solche Schaltung ist z.B. einsetzbar bei einer Sicherheitsüberwachung einer Presse, einer Schneidmaschine oder dergleichen und z.B. an einen den Gefahrenbereich überwachenden Lichtvorhang anzuschliessen.In FIGS. 1 and 2 are each two series-connected relays 11, 11 'and 11 * shown, with which the three phases 13,14,15 of a network connection are connected to switch a three-phase motor 17 safely. Such a circuit can for example be used in a safety monitoring of a press, a cutting machine or the like and, for example, to connect to a danger zone monitoring light curtain.

Die Relais 11,11' weisen je in bekannter Weise in einem Trägerteil 12,12' einen Antrieb 19, 19', einen Steuerkontakt 21,21' und drei Lastkontakte 23,24,25 bzw. 23',24',25' auf. Die Lastkontakte sind jedoch nicht an einen Steuerstrom zum Steuern eines Schützes angeschlossen, sondern an die drei Phasen eines Wechselstrom-Versorgungsnetzes mit je Phase ca. 230 Volt Nennspannung, zwischen den Phasen ca. 400 Volt Spannungsunterschied. Der Steuerkontakt 21,21' steht z.B. unte 2 oder 24 Volt. Die Trennung der Lastkontakte 23,24,25, bzw. 23',24',25' gegeneinander ist auf 400 Volt ausgelegt. Die Trennung zwischen den Last- und Steuerkontakten entspricht der doppelten, bzw. verstärkten Isolierung. Dazu könnte auch behelfsmässig z.B. ein bekanntes Relais der SIR-Reihe der Anmelderin, welches 10 Kontakte aufweist, verwendet werden, indem jeweils jeder zweite Kontakt abwechselnd auf der einen und der anderen Seite der jeweils 5 und 5 Kontakte trennenden Scheidewand mit einer Phase verbunden wird.The relays 11, 11 'each have a drive 19, 19', a control contact 21, 21 'and three load contacts 23, 24, 25 and 23', 24 ', 25', each in a known manner in a carrier part 12, 12 ' , However, the load contacts are not connected to a control current for controlling a contactor, but to the three phases of an AC supply network with each phase approximately 230 volts nominal voltage, between the phases about 400 volts voltage difference. The control contact 21,21 'is, for example, unte 2 or 24 volts. The separation of the load contacts 23,24,25, or 23 ', 24', 25 'against each other is designed for 400 volts. The separation between the load and control contacts corresponds to the double or reinforced insulation. This could also makeshift eg Applicant's known relay of the SIR series having 10 contacts can be used by connecting each second contact alternately on one and the other side of the separating 5 and 5 contacts separating wall with a phase.

Durch die Überwachung oder Steuerung 26 werden die Relais aktiviert und deaktiviert. Ein Impuls oder Steuerstrom, z.B. verursacht durch eine Unterbrechung eines Lichtstrahles eines Lichtvorhanges, löst in bekannter Weise das Schalten des Relais 11,11' aus. Sollte z.B. ein Kontakt 23 des Relais 11 beim Deaktivieren des Relais 11 nicht öffnen, so kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass der vorgeschaltete Kontakt 23' des Relais 11' öffnet und dadurch die Stromzufuhr der Phase 13 dennoch unterbrochen wird. Die Steuerung des Relais 11 und 11' verhindert bei unterschiedlicher Schaltstellung der beiden Relais 11,11' die Aktivierung der Relais 11,11'. Der unterschiedliche Schaltzustand wird anhand der zwangsgeführten Steuerkontakte 21,21' festgestellt.By monitoring or control 26, the relays are activated and deactivated. A pulse or control current, e.g. caused by an interruption of a light beam of a light curtain, triggers the switching of the relay 11,11 'in a known manner. Should be e.g. a contact 23 of the relay 11 when deactivating the relay 11 does not open, it can be assumed that the upstream contact 23 'of the relay 11' opens and thereby the power supply of the phase 13 is still interrupted. The control of the relay 11 and 11 'prevented at different switching position of the two relays 11,11', the activation of the relay 11,11 '. The different switching state is determined on the basis of the positively driven control contacts 21,21 '.

In analoger Weise ist in Figur 2 die Schaltung auch mit einem Zwillingsrelais 11* gezeigt. Am Trägerteil 12* sind mehrere Paare von intern verbundenen Lastkontakten 23,24,25, bzw. 23',24',25' und Steuerkontakten 21,22, bzw. 21',22' und zwei getrennte Antriebe 19,19' angeordnet. Zusätzlich sind ein zweiter Steuerkontakt 22, 22' und ein vierter Lastkontakt 27,27' vorgesehen. Über den zusätzlichen Lastkontakt 27,27' lässt sich z.B. zusätzlich ein Nullleiter unterbrechen oder eine Leitung 29 mit beispielsweise einer Kontrollleuchte 31 schalten.Analogously, in FIG. 2 the circuit also shown with a twin relay 11 *. On the support member 12 * a plurality of pairs of internally connected load contacts 23,24,25, or 23 ', 24', 25 'and control contacts 21,22, or 21', 22 'and two separate drives 19,19' are arranged. In addition, a second control contact 22, 22 'and a fourth load contact 27, 27' are provided. By way of the additional load contact 27, 27 ', it is also possible, for example, to interrupt a neutral conductor or to switch a line 29 with, for example, a warning light 31.

Figur 3 zeigt ein für eine solche Schaltung speziell geeignetes Relais 11. In einem Trägerteil 12 sind auf einer Steuerseite 32 des Relais 11 der Antrieb 19, im Wesentlichen bestehend aus einem Elektromagneten 33 mit einem Kippanker 35, und zwei Steuerkontakte 21,22 untergebracht. Auf einer Lastseite 37 sind 3 Lastkontakte 23,24,25 angeordnet. Die Kontaktfedern 23a und 23b, 24a und 24b bzw. 25a und 25b bilden je zusammen einen Kontakt 23, 24, 25. Jede Kontaktfeder ist von der anderen getrennt durch eine Wandscheibe 41,43, wobei die Wandscheiben 41 zwischen zwei Federn eines Kontaktes, z.B. zwischen der Kontaktfeder 23a und 23b, angeordnet ist Sie ist weniger hoch als die Länge der Kontaktfeder zwischen deren Einspannbereich 67 (siehe Figur 4) und Kontaktkopf 47. Die hohen Wandscheibe 43 sind jeweils zwischen zwei Kontaktfedern unterschiedlicher Kontakte, z.B. 24b und 25a, angeordnet und reichen bis über die Kontaktköpfe 47 hinauf. Auf den hohen Wandscheiben 43 liegt der Kamm 49 auf. Überlappend mit den hohen Wandscheiben 43 und parallel zu diesen sind am Kamm 49 Rippen 51 ausgebildet, welche sich über die ganze Breite des Kammes erstrecken. Diese Rippen 51 verlängern zusammen mit den Wandscheiben 43 den Luftweg zwischen den verschiedenen Lastkontakten 23,24,25. FIG. 3 shows a specially suitable for such a circuit relay 11. In a support member 12 are on a control side 32 of the relay 11 of the drive 19, consisting essentially of an electromagnet 33 with a tilting armature 35, and two control contacts 21,22 housed. On a load side 37 3 load contacts 23,24,25 are arranged. The contact springs 23a and 23b, 24a and 24b and 25a and 25b together form a contact 23, 24, 25. Each contact spring is separated from the other by a wall plate 41,43, wherein the wall plates 41 between two springs of a contact, eg between the contact spring 23a and 23b, is less high than the length of the contact spring between the clamping portion 67 (see FIG. 4 ) and contact head 47. The high wall plate 43 are each arranged between two contact springs of different contacts, for example 24b and 25a, and extend up beyond the contact heads 47. On the high wall discs 43 of the comb 49 is located. Overlapping with the high wall discs 43 and parallel to these ribs 51 are formed on the comb 49, which extend over the entire width of the comb. These ribs 51 extend along with the wall plates 43 the airway between the various load contacts 23,24,25.

Eine ähnliche Wandscheibe, hier Scheidewand 53 genannt, ist zwischen zwei Steuerkontakten 21, 22 ausgebildet. Diese verläuft senkrecht zu den Wandscheiben 41,43 und trennt die Steuerkontakte 21,22. Diese Scheidewand ist an ihrem oberen Ende, d.h. in Nachbarschaft zu den Kontaktköpfen 47 der Steuerkontakte 21,22, zweischichtig mit einem Zwischenraum zwischen den Schichten. Dieser zweischichtige Teil erstreckt sich durch eine Öffnung 55 im Kamm 49 und steht bei verschlossenem Relaisgehäuse in Eingriff mit einer Rippe 57 an einer transparenten Relaishaube 59 (siehe Fig. 4).A similar wall plate, here called septum 53, is formed between two control contacts 21, 22. This runs perpendicular to the wall disks 41,43 and separates the control contacts 21,22. This septum is at its upper end, ie in the vicinity of the contact heads 47 of the control contacts 21,22, two-layered with a gap between the layers. This two-layered part extends through an opening 55 in the comb 49 and is in locked relay housing in engagement with a rib 57 on a transparent relay cover 59 (see Fig. 4 ).

Im Kamm 49 sind eine Öffnung 55 für die Scheidewand 53 und eine Eingrifföffnung 61 für den Anker 35 vorgesehen. Zudem sind Schlitze 63 für die in Eingriff mit dem Kamm 49 stehenden aktiven Kontaktfedern 21a,22a,23a,24a,25a vorgesehen. Mit punktierten Linien sind die Positionen der anderen, passiven Kontaktfedern 21b,22b,23b,24b,25b eingezeichnet. Auch an diesen Stellen etwa können Schlitze vorgesehen sein. Dies erlaubt die Benutzung desselben Kammes 49 bei anderer Anordnung von Ruhe- und Arbeitskontakten.In the comb 49, an opening 55 for the partition 53 and an engagement opening 61 for the armature 35 are provided. In addition, slots 63 are provided for the active in contact with the comb 49 active contact springs 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a, 25a. Dotted lines show the positions of the other, passive contact springs 21b, 22b, 23b, 24b, 25b. Slots may also be provided at these locations. This allows the use of the same comb 49 with other arrangement of idle and working contacts.

Aus den Figuren 3 und 4 ist insbesondere die Trennwand 65 ersichtlich, welche mit einer rechteckigen Wellenlinie die einzelnen Kontaktfedern 23a,b,24a,b,25a,b der Lastkontakte einkammert. Die Trennwand 65 als Ganzes weist im Bereich der Steuerkontakte in der Aufsicht eine H-Form auf, wobei in den beiden Kammern des H's je ein Steuerkontakt 21,22 angeordnet ist. Die beiden Kontaktfedern 21a und 21b bzw. 22a und 22b dieser Kontakte sind jeweils durch eine Wand mit Anschlagrippe für die passive Kontaktfeder 21b, 22b getrennt. Von einem Ende des lastkontaktseitigen vertikalen Strichs des H geht die rechtwinklig um die Lastkontaktfedern mäandernde Trennwand 65 rechtwinklig weg. Die Höhe der Wand ist derart, dass die Kontaktköpfe der Kontaktfedern über der Trennwand 65 angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Kontakten ist die Trennwand erhöht und bewirkt mit den Rippen 51 am Kamm 49 zusammen eine sichere Trennung der Kontakte, so dass ein Spannungsunterschied von 400 V nicht zu einem Spannungsüberschlag zwischen den Kontakten führen kann.From the FIGS. 3 and 4 In particular, the partition wall 65 can be seen, which with a rectangular wavy line the individual contact springs 23a, b, 24a, b, 25a, b of the load contacts einkammert. The partition wall 65 as a whole has an H-shape in the area of the control contacts in the plan view, wherein a control contact 21, 22 is arranged in each of the two chambers of the H's. The two contact springs 21a and 21b or 22a and 22b of these contacts are each separated by a wall with stop rib for the passive contact spring 21b, 22b. From one end of the load contact side vertical bar of the H perpendicular to the meandering around the load contact springs partition 65 is perpendicular away. The height of the wall is such that the contact heads of the contact springs are arranged above the partition wall 65. Between the contacts, the partition is increased and causes with the ribs 51 on the comb 49 together safe separation of the contacts, so that a voltage difference of 400 V can not lead to a voltage flashover between the contacts.

Für die Produktion des Trägerteils 12 greifen im Bereich der Kontakte von zwei Seiten Formen ineinander, welche die oben beschriebene Trennwandform als Zwischenraum definieren. Diese Formen sind in einander entgegengesetzter Richtung aus dem gegossenen Trägerteil 12 herausziehbar. Dadurch dass alle in das Trägerteil 12 eingesetzten Kontaktfedern 21a bis 25b aus ebenflächigen Blechlamellen hergestellt sind und im Wesentlichen keine Biegung im Blech aufweisen, ist eine relativ rasche und einfache Justierung durch leichtes Biegen der Kontaktfedern direkt über dem Fussbereich und Konstanz im Betrieb gegeben. Die Pins 73 der Lastkontakte und die Pins 74 der Steuerkontakte sind in bekannter Weise durch Falten des Bleches in der Stärke verdoppelt. Die Kontaktköpfe 47 sind in die Kontaktfedern eingenietet.For the production of the support member 12 engage forms in the region of the contacts of two sides of each other, which define the partition wall shape described above as a gap. These shapes can be pulled out of the cast support member 12 in opposite directions. Because all the contact springs 21a to 25b used in the carrier part 12 are made of planar sheet metal laminations and essentially have no bending in the metal sheet, a relatively quick and easy adjustment is achieved by slightly bending the contact springs directly over the foot region and in operation. The pins 73 of the load contacts and the pins 74 of the control contacts are doubled in a known manner by folding the sheet in thickness. The contact heads 47 are riveted into the contact springs.

Ein zwangsgeführtes Sicherheits-Relais 11 mit wenigstens drei Lastkontakten 23,24,25 und wenigstens einem Steuerkontakt 21,22 wird demnach zum direkten Schalten von den drei Phasen eines dreiphasigen Drehstromanschlusses genutzt. Dazu sind die Lastkontakte durch eine rechteckig um die ebenflächigen Kontaktfedern 23a,b, 24,a,b, 25a,b mäandernde Trennwand 65 abgekammert, um einer Relativspannung von 400 V standzuhalten. Die Kontaktfedern 23a,b, 24,a,b, 25a,b besitzen einen Kontaktkopf 47 und einen in das Trägerteil 12 eingesetzten Federfuss, wobei bei den stärker als die Steuerkontakte 21,22 ausgelegten Lastkontakten 23,24,25 der Federfuss 67 mit zwei Pins 73 versehen ist, und randständig, der Kontaktkopf 47 jedoch mittig bezüglich Relais-Trägerteil 12 angeordnet ist.A positively driven safety relay 11 with at least three load contacts 23,24,25 and at least one control contact 21,22 is therefore used for direct switching of the three phases of a three-phase AC power connection. For this purpose, the load contacts by a rectangular to the planar contact springs 23a, b, 24, a, b, 25a, b meandering partition wall 65 abgeschämmert to withstand a relative voltage of 400 V. The contact springs 23a, b, 24, a, b, 25a, b have a contact head 47 and a spring base inserted into the support member 12, wherein in the stronger than the control contacts 21,22 designed load contacts 23,24,25 of the spring leg 67 with two Pins 73 is provided, and marginal, the contact head 47, however, is arranged centrally relative to the relay support member 12.

Claims (15)

  1. Use of a safety relais (11, 11', 11*) with an electrically insulating support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - an electromagnetic drive (19, 33, 35),
    - at least one control contact (21, 21) and
    - at least three load contacts (23 to 27)
    placed thereon,
    - which contacts respectively consist of two contact springs (...a,...b) with a contact head (47), a spring mount (67) each at a distance from the contact head (47) and at least one pin (73, 74) connected to the spring mount (67) in the support part (12, 12', 12*) and the contact springs (...a,...b) are sticking with the spring mount (67) in the support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - for which relais (11, 11', 11*) the control and load contacts (21 to 27) are positively driven with a common comb (49) connected to the drive (19, 33, 35) and at least respectively one open contact and one closed contact,
    - respectively one of the contact springs (...a,...b) of each contact (21 to 27) is applied in the vicinity of the head on a fixed stop (69) on the support part (12, 12', 12*) and
    - the other one engages into the comb (49) in such a manner that it is compulsorily moved together with the movements of the comb (49),
    - whereby the single contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (21 to 27) are separated from each other by an insulating wall disk (41, 43) reaching from the spring mount (67) to at least in the vicinity of the head and from one side of the relais (11, 11', 11*) to the other,
    for switching three phases (13, 14, 15) connected to three load contacts (23, 24, 25) of a three-phase alternate current supply,
    characterized in that
    - the wall disk (41, 43) is angled on the sides of the relais in opposite direction and
    - each bent (71) is connected respectively with another of the two adjacent wall disks (43, 41) so that the wall disks (41, 43) and the bents (71) form a continuous partition wall (65) meandering around the contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (21 to 27) so that a chambering is formed for each single contact spring by the wall disks.
  2. Use according to claim 1 whereby two relais (11, 11', 11*) connected in series are provided for the synchronous switching of the three phases (13, 14, 15) in the two relais (11, 11', 11*).
  3. Switching device for switching a three phase supply recipient, in particular a short-circuit proof electric motor (17) with a safety relais (11, 11', 11 *) with an electrically insulating support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - an electromagnetic drive (19, 33, 35),
    - at least one control contact (21, 21) and
    - at least three load contacts (23 to 27)
    placed thereon,
    - which contacts respectively consist of two contact springs (...a,...b) with a contact head (47), a spring mount (67) each at a distance from the contact head (47) and at least one pin (73, 74) connected to the spring mount (67) in the support part (12, 12', 12*) and the contact springs (...a,...b) are sticking with the spring mount (67) in the support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - for which relais (11, 11', 11*) the control and load contacts (21 to 27) are positively driven with a common comb (49) connected to the drive (19, 33, 35) and at least respectively one open contact (22 to 27) and one closed contact (21),
    - respectively one of the contact springs (...b) of each contact (21 to 27) is applied in the vicinity of the head on a fixed stop (69) and
    - the other one (...a) engages into the comb (49) in such a manner that it is moved together with the movements of the comb (49),
    - whereby the single contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (21 to 27) are separated from each other by an insulating wall disk (41, 43) reaching from the spring mount (67) to at least in the vicinity of the head and from one side of the relais (11, 11', 11*) to the other,
    - whereby the three phases (13, 14, 15) of a three-phase alternate current supply are connected to the load contacts of the safety relais (11, 11', 11*), characterized in that
    - the wall disk (41, 43) is bent on the sides of the relais in opposite direction and
    - each bent (71) is connected respectively with another of the two adjacent wall disks (43, 41) so that the wall disks (41, 43) and bents (71) form a continuous partition wall (65) meandering around the contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (21 to 27) so that a chambering is formed for each single contact spring by the wall disks.
  4. Switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that two safety relais (11, 11', 11*) connected in series are provided.
  5. Safety relais (11, 11', 11*) with an electrically insulating support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - an electromagnetic drive (19, 33, 35),
    - at least one control contact (21, 21) and
    - at least three load contacts (23 to 27)
    placed thereon,
    - which contacts (21 to 27) respectively consist of two contact springs (...a,...b) with a contact head (47), a spring mount (67) each at a distance from the contact head (47) and at least one pin (73) connected to the spring mount (67) and the contact springs (...a,...b) are sticking with the spring mount (67) in the support part (12, 12', 12*),
    - for which relais (11, 11', 11*) the control and load contacts (21 to 27) are positively driven with a common comb (49) connected to the drive (19, 33, 35) and at least respectively one open contact (22 to 27) and one closed contact (21) are provided,
    - respectively one of the contact springs (...b) of each contact (21 to 27) is applied in the vicinity of the head on a fixed stop (69) and
    - the other one (...a) engages into the comb (49) in such a manner that it is moved together with the movements of the comb (49),
    - whereby the single contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (23 to 27) are separated from each other by an insulating wall disk (41, 43) reaching from the spring mount (67) to at least in the vicinity of the head and from one side of the relais (11, 11', 11*) to the other,
    characterized in that
    - the wall disk (41, 43) is bent on the sides of the relais in opposite direction and
    - each bent (71) is connected respectively with another of the two adjacent wall disks (43, 41) so that the wall disks (41, 43) and bents (71) form a continuous partition wall (65) meandering around the contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (23 to 27) so that a chambering is formed for each single contact spring by the wall disks.
  6. Safety relais according to claim 5, characterized in that the stop (69) is formed by a lip on the wall disk (41) between the contact springs (...a,...b) of a contact (23 to 27).
  7. Safety relais according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the wall disk (43) rises between the contact springs (...a,...b) of different contacts (23 to 27) at least up to between the contact heads (47).
  8. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a web (51) overlapping the wall disk (43), which is orientated parallel to the wall disk (43), is configured on the comb (49) between the contact head (47) of the contact spring (...a) engaging in the comb (49) and the wall disk (43) between two contacts (23 to 27).
  9. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the wall disk (41) between the contact springs (...a,...b) of the same contact (23 to 27) and the bents (71) have the same height.
  10. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 9, characterized in that for the contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (23 to 27) the spring mount (67) is laterally offset with respect to the contact head (47) in the plane of the flat contact springs (...a,...b) so that the pins (73) of both contact springs (...a,...b) of a load contact ("3 to 27) are placed on opposite edges of the support part (12, 12', 12*), the heads (47) being however on a central line in between.
  11. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the contact springs (...a,...b) of the load contacts (23 to 27) have respectively two pins (73).
  12. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 11, characterized in that it contains at least to control contacts, whereby the control contacts (21, 23) are placed next to each other with respect to the direction of movement of the comb (49) and are separated by a partition wall (53) orientated in the direction of movement of the comb (49).
  13. Safety relais according to claim 12, characterized in that the comb (49) has an elongated opening (55) in the area of the partition wall (53) and the partition wall (53) goes through this opening (55) with its comb-sided edge.
  14. Safety relais according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the partition wall (53) is forked on its comb-sided edge, which fork forms a groove along the direction of movement of the comb (49) and a cover (59) that goes into the groove with a rib (57) is provided.
  15. Safety relais according to one of the claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the contact springs (...a,...b) of a load contact (23 to 27) differ only by the length of an end on the head side that is projecting over the contact head (47).
EP01810026.3A 2000-01-28 2001-01-10 Safety relay, the use of such a relay and switching device with it Expired - Lifetime EP1120806B1 (en)

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CH20000172 2000-01-28
CH1722000 2000-01-28

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EP0938119A1 (en) * 1998-02-18 1999-08-25 ELESTA relays GmbH Relay
FR2775384B1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2003-05-30 Schneider Electric Sa MULTIPOLAR ELECTROMECHANICAL CONTACTOR WITH IMPROVED INTERPOLATE ISOLATION CONTACT BRIDGES
DE19816878C2 (en) 1998-04-17 2003-11-13 Hengstler Gmbh twin relay
EP0954001A1 (en) 1998-04-30 1999-11-03 ELESTA relays GmbH Relay with guided contacts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1120806A1 (en) 2001-08-01
JP2001243869A (en) 2001-09-07
CN1319865A (en) 2001-10-31
JP4412855B2 (en) 2010-02-10
ES2445990T3 (en) 2014-03-06
US6661320B1 (en) 2003-12-09

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