EP1118140A1 - Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals - Google Patents

Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals

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Publication number
EP1118140A1
EP1118140A1 EP99923468A EP99923468A EP1118140A1 EP 1118140 A1 EP1118140 A1 EP 1118140A1 EP 99923468 A EP99923468 A EP 99923468A EP 99923468 A EP99923468 A EP 99923468A EP 1118140 A1 EP1118140 A1 EP 1118140A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiving
signals
receiving antennas
receiving device
antennas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99923468A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Marquart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1118140A1 publication Critical patent/EP1118140A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers without distortion of the input signal
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
    • H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
    • H03G3/3036—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a receiving device of a radio system which has at least three receiving antennas for detecting radio signals, the three receiving antennas being oriented in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction and the at least three receiving antennas each being assigned an adjustable amplifier, the output signals of which are commonly sent to a mixer be issued.
  • the invention also relates to a method for processing radio signals which are detected by at least one of at least three receiving antennas of a receiving device, the receiving antennas being oriented in three mutually orthogonal directions with respect to their receiving direction.
  • radio systems which have moving transmitting and / or moving receiving units, in addition to changing distances between the transmitting and receiving units, there is a problem in that radio signals do not always arrive at the receiving units from the same direction.
  • the antennas used for reception are essentially only able to receive radio signals unidirectionally, so that the reception quality is subject to large fluctuations when the arrival angle of the radio signals changes at the antenna of the receiving unit. For this reason, receiving devices with several receiving antennas are used in practice for certain applications.
  • the differently aligned antennas are combined, for example, via a multiplexer.
  • the radio system determines itself at the start of communication on the antenna with the best reception at that time.
  • a controlled or unregulated amplifier is assigned to each receiving antenna.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a receiving device of a radio system and a method for processing radio signals with which regardless of the orientation of an arrangement of receiving antennas to a transmitting antenna as well as regardless of the distance of the receiving antennas to a transmitting antenna (within the maximum range) consistently good reception results can always be achieved.
  • a receiving device of a radio system which has at least three receiving antennas for detecting radio signals, the receiving antennas being aligned in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction and the at least three receiving antennas each having an adjustable amplifier associated with their output signals are output jointly to a mixer in which the output signal of the mixer is fed via a amplification control unit as a feedback control variable for the amplification factor of the amplifier as a uniform input variable.
  • the object is achieved by a method for processing radio signals which are detected by at least one of at least three receiving antennas of a receiving device, the receiving antennas being oriented in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction, in which the signals received by the three receiving antennas m as a function of an overall signal resulting from a mixture of the received signals.
  • the invention is characterized in that the signals received by the three receiving antennas are mixed for further processing and the amplitude of the mixed signal is used as a control variable for a common, uniform setting of the gain of the received signals.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the mixing of the signals of the three receiving antennas ensures a permanently optimal reception since the signals of the antenna or antennas with the currently most favorable orientation are always forwarded for further processing.
  • the parallel setting of the amplification factor of the antenna signals ensures that possible interference flows and overloads are reduced to a minimum, since the antenna with the largest input signal determines the amplification of all signals.
  • the receiving device is independent both of the orientation of the arrangement of the receiving antennas in the room and of the distance between them Arrangement of the receiving antennas to the transmitting antenna from which the received radio signals are emitted.
  • the radio signals received by the receiving antennas are composed of the useful signal and a carrier signal.
  • the carrier signal of the radio signals received by the three receiving antennas has a phase shift, so that direct mixing of the three received signals is not possible, since this would lead to cancellations, doublings and beatings in the resulting overall signal.
  • the received signals are advantageously first rectified by a rectifier, in particular by a Hull curve demodulator, before mixing.
  • the pure useful signal freed from the carrier signal is then available at the output of the rectifier.
  • the output signal of the mixer is preferably subjected to digitization in order to then be used for the actual use, in particular using a processor.
  • the method according to the invention has the following steps: a) amplifying the radio signals received by the three receiving antennas with an adjustable gain factor, b) isolating the respective useful signal from the received and amplified radio signals composed of carrier frequency and useful signal, c ) Mixing the three isolated useful signals into a total useful signal, d) forwarding the total useful signal for an application-related use, and e) Setting the amplification factor for the amplification in step a) by means of an amplification control on the basis of the amplitude of the total useful signal as the controlled variable of the amplification control.
  • the maximum amplification factors are advantageously set for the amplification of the received radio signals.
  • the gain factors can then be reduced upon receipt depending on the strength of the received overall signal.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a receiving device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the alignment of the antennas in a receiving device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a receiving device of a radio system according to the invention, with which the radio signals received by receiving antennas A1, A2, A3 are fed to a processor P for processing.
  • the receiving device has the three antennas A1, A2, A3 designed as coil antennas, the coils of which are oriented orthogonally to one another.
  • the orientation of the three antennas according to the three spatial orientations can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the reference symbols of the three antennas A1, A2, A3 being the same as those of the corresponding antennas in FIG. 1.
  • the coil of the antenna AI is accordingly located in the XY plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the Z direction.
  • the coil of the antenna A2 lies in the YZ plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the X direction.
  • the coil of the antenna A3 lies in the XZ plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the Y direction.
  • connections of the antennas A1, A2, A3 are each connected to the inputs of a single mixer M via an adjustable amplifier V1, V2, V3 and a rectifier G1, G2, G3.
  • the output of the mixer M is fed to an A / D converter D, which is further connected to a processor P.
  • the processor P forms part of any signal output unit that is not shown in detail.
  • the output of the mixer M is connected to the input for the controlled variable of a reinforcement control unit R, which in turn has access to the control inputs of the adjustable amplifiers V1, V2, V3.
  • the receiving device shown works as follows:
  • Radio signals arriving at the antenna arrangement are detected by antennas A1, A2, A3.
  • the arrangement of the antennas A1, A2, A3 as shown in FIG. 2 ensures that for radio signals m all three dimensions the field lines intersect at least the coil plane of one of the antennas A1, A2, A3. So with every alignment the Antenna arrangement ensures reception of incoming radio signals.
  • the signals detected by the antennas A1, A2, A3, which still consist of a combination of the useful signal and the carrier signal, are amplified by the amplifiers V1, V2, V3 and fed to the rectifiers G1, G2, G3.
  • the rectifiers carry out a hull curve demodulation, so that the respective hull curve and thus the actual useful signal is available at the output of the rectifiers G1, G2, G3.
  • the useful signals freed from their carrier can now easily be added to the mixer M to form an overall signal which can be digitized by the A / D converter D and processed by the processor P for the processed output of the signals.
  • the total signal output by the mixer is additionally used in a feedback loop to generate a control voltage for the three amplifiers V1, V2, V3.
  • the control voltage is set by the amplification control unit R as a function of the amplitude of the overall signal, but is the same for each amplifier.
  • the three amplifiers V1, V2, V3 are controlled so that they amplify in the idle state with the maximum gain factor. If one of the antennas now detects a useful signal and the other two antennas only noise, the amplifier of the antenna, which detects the useful signal, is regulated down to a constant output amplitude and, likewise, the Gain factor of the amplifiers of the other two antennas, which means that their amplified input noise in relation to the overall signal is negligible.

Abstract

The invention relates to a receiving device of a radio system, having at least three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) to pick up radio signals. As regards their receiving direction, the three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) are aligned in three orthogonal directions (X, Y, Z) in relation to each other and an adjustable amplifier(V1, V2, V3) is assigned to each of the at least three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3), the output signals of said amplifiers being sent jointly to a mixer (M). The invention aims at providing a receiving device of a radio system and a method for processing radio signals which constantly ensure good reception results regardless of the alignment of the receiving antenna array in relation to a sending antenna and regardless of the distance of the receiving antennas in relation to the sending antenna (within the maximum transmission range). According to the invention, this is achieved in that the output signals of the mixer (M) are fed to the amplifier as a uniform input variable through a gain control unit (R) serving as feedback controlled variable for the amplification factor of the amplifier (V1, V2, V3).

Description

Empfangseinrichtung eines Funksystems sowie Verfahren zur Verarbeitung empfangener Funksignale Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Empfangseinrichtung eines Funksystems, die mindestens drei Empfangsantennen zum Erfassen von Funksignalen aufweist, wobei die drei Empfangsantennen bezüglich ihrer Empfangsrichtung in drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen ausgerichtet sind und den mindestens drei Empfangsantennen jeweils ein einstellbarer Verstärker zugeordnet ist, deren Ausgangssignale gemeinsam auf einen Mischer ausgegeben werden. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenso ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Funksignalen, die von mindestens einer von mindestens drei Empfangsantennen einer Empfangseinrichtung erfaßt werden, wobei die Empfangsantennen bezüglich ihrer Empfangsrichtung in drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen ausgerichtet sind.The invention relates to a receiving device of a radio system which has at least three receiving antennas for detecting radio signals, the three receiving antennas being oriented in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction and the at least three receiving antennas each being assigned an adjustable amplifier, the output signals of which are commonly sent to a mixer be issued. The invention also relates to a method for processing radio signals which are detected by at least one of at least three receiving antennas of a receiving device, the receiving antennas being oriented in three mutually orthogonal directions with respect to their receiving direction.
Bei Funksystemen, die sich bewegende Sende- und/oder sich bewegende Empfangseinheiten aufweisen, besteht neben sich ändernden Abständen zwischen Sende- und Empfangseinheit ein Problem darin, daß Funksignale an den Empfangseinheiten nicht aus stets der selben Richtung ankommen. Die für den Empfang eingesetzten Antennen sind aber im wesentlichen nur zu einem unidirektionalen Empfang von Funksignalen in der Lage, so daß die Empfangsqualität bei sich ändernden Ankunftswinkeln der Funksignale an der Antenne der Empfangseinheit großen Schwankungen unterliegt. Aus diesem Grund werden m der Praxis für bestimmte Anwendungen Empfangseinrichtungen mit mehreren Empfangsantennen eingesetzt. Die unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Antennen werden dabei beispielsweise über einen Multiplexer zusammengefaßt. Das Funksystem legt sich dann selbständig zu Beginn einer Kommunikation auf die Antenne mit dem zu diesem Zeitpunkt besten Empfang fest. Alternativ wird jeder Empfangsantenne ein geregelter oder ungeregelter Verstarker zugeordnet.In radio systems which have moving transmitting and / or moving receiving units, in addition to changing distances between the transmitting and receiving units, there is a problem in that radio signals do not always arrive at the receiving units from the same direction. However, the antennas used for reception are essentially only able to receive radio signals unidirectionally, so that the reception quality is subject to large fluctuations when the arrival angle of the radio signals changes at the antenna of the receiving unit. For this reason, receiving devices with several receiving antennas are used in practice for certain applications. The differently aligned antennas are combined, for example, via a multiplexer. The radio system then determines itself at the start of communication on the antenna with the best reception at that time. Alternatively, a controlled or unregulated amplifier is assigned to each receiving antenna.
Aus der US 3 683 389 ist eine Antennenanordnung bekannt, bei der die Signale von drei zueinander senkrecht ausgerichtete Antennen über eine Schaltemheit einem Receiver zugeführt werden. Die Schaltemheit leitet das von einer Antenne empfangene Signal solange an den Receiver weiter, bis der Empfang zu schlecht wird, woraufhin zu einer anderen Antenne gewechselt wird. Alternativ erfolgt eine standige Überwachung aller Signale und immer das jeweils stärkste Signal wird von der Schaltemheit an den Receiver weitergeleitet .From US 3,683,389 an antenna arrangement is known in which the signals from three mutually perpendicular antennas are fed to a receiver via a switching unit. The switching unit forwards the signal received by one antenna to the receiver until reception is too bad, whereupon the system switches to another antenna. Alternatively, all signals are constantly monitored and the strongest signal is always forwarded by the switching unit to the receiver.
Der Nachteil einer solchen Empfangseinrichtung besteht darin, daß im Fall von sich ändernde Bedingungen standig zwischen den einzelnen Empfangsantennen umgeschaltet werden muß. Außerdem ist ein optimaler Empfang nur möglich, wenn ein ankommendes Funksignal zufälligerweise gerade m Empfangsrichtung einer der Antennen verlauft, so daß im allgemeinen nur ein gewisser Anteil der Signalamplitude ausgewertet werden kann.The disadvantage of such a receiving device is that, in the event of changing conditions, it is necessary to switch continuously between the individual receiving antennas. In addition, optimal reception is only possible if an incoming radio signal happens to be in the direction of reception of one of the antennas, so that generally only a certain portion of the signal amplitude can be evaluated.
Die DE 197 18 423 AI beschreibt eine Empfangseinheit, bei der die Windungsflachen von drei Antennen jeweils etwa senkrecht zueinander angeordnet sind. Die von den Antennen empfangenen Signale können dabei für die weitere Verarbeitung jeweils über einen Verstärker verstärkt an einen Addierer ausgegeben werden, wobei das Ausgangssignal jedes Verstärkers zusätzlich auf seinen Eingang ruckgekoppelt ist. Zur Unterdrückung unerwünschter kleinerer Magnetfelder für die Auswertung ist aber vorgesehen, anstelle des Addierers einen Maximaldetektor einzusetzen, der wieder nur eine, namlich die größte der induzierten Spannungen zur Auswertung weiterleitet. Der oben genannte Nachteil kann also auch mit dieser Empfangseinheit nicht m zufriedenstellender Weise beseitigt werden.DE 197 18 423 AI describes a receiving unit in which the winding surfaces of three antennas are each arranged approximately perpendicular to one another. The signals received by the antennas can be amplified by an amplifier for further processing an adder are output, the output signal of each amplifier is additionally fed back to its input. To suppress undesired smaller magnetic fields for the evaluation, however, it is provided to use a maximum detector instead of the adder, which again forwards only one, namely the largest, of the induced voltages for evaluation. The above-mentioned disadvantage cannot therefore be satisfactorily eliminated even with this receiving unit.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Empfangsemrichtung eines Funksystems und ein Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Funksignalen zur Verf gung zu stellen, mit denen unabhängig von der Ausrichtung einer Anordnung von Empfangsantennen zu einer Sendeantenne als auch unabhängig vom Abstand der Empfangsantennen zu einer Sendeantenne (innerhalb der maximalen Reichweite) stets gleichbleibende gute Empfangsergebnisse erzielt werden.The invention has for its object to provide a receiving device of a radio system and a method for processing radio signals with which regardless of the orientation of an arrangement of receiving antennas to a transmitting antenna as well as regardless of the distance of the receiving antennas to a transmitting antenna (within the maximum range) consistently good reception results can always be achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird zum einen gelost durch eine Empfangseinrichtung eines Funksystems, die mindestens drei Empfangsantennen zum Erfassen von Funksignalen aufweist, wobei die Empfangsantennen bez glich ihrer Empfangsrichtung m drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen ausgerichtet sind und den mindestens drei Empfangsantennen jeweils ein einstellbarer Verstarker zugeordnet ist, deren Ausgangssignale gemeinsam auf einen Mischer ausgegeben werden, bei der das Ausgangssignal des Mischers über eine Verstarkungsregelungse heit als ruckgekoppelte Regelgroße für den Verstärkungsfaktor der Verstarker diesen als einheitliche Eingangsgroße zugeführt wird. Zum anderen wird die Aufgabe gelost durch ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Funksignalen, die von mindestens einer von mindestens drei Empfangsantennen einer Empfangseinrichtung erfaßt werden, wobei die Empfangsantennen bezüglich ihrer Empfangsrichtung m drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen ausgerichtet sind, bei dem die von den drei Empfangsantennen empfangenen Signale m Abhängigkeit von einem sich aus einer Mischung der empfangenen Signale ergebenden Gesamtsignal einheitlich verstärkt werden.This object is achieved on the one hand by a receiving device of a radio system which has at least three receiving antennas for detecting radio signals, the receiving antennas being aligned in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction and the at least three receiving antennas each having an adjustable amplifier associated with their output signals are output jointly to a mixer in which the output signal of the mixer is fed via a amplification control unit as a feedback control variable for the amplification factor of the amplifier as a uniform input variable. On the other hand, the object is achieved by a method for processing radio signals which are detected by at least one of at least three receiving antennas of a receiving device, the receiving antennas being oriented in three directions orthogonal to one another with respect to their receiving direction, in which the signals received by the three receiving antennas m as a function of an overall signal resulting from a mixture of the received signals.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die von den drei Empfangsantennen empfangenen Signale gemischt der Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt werden und die Amplitude des gemischten Signals als Regelgroße für eine gemeinsame, einheitliche Einstellung der Verstärkung der empfangenen Signale zugrunde gelegt wird.The invention is characterized in that the signals received by the three receiving antennas are mixed for further processing and the amplitude of the mixed signal is used as a control variable for a common, uniform setting of the gain of the received signals.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß durch das Mischen der Signale der drei Empfangsantennen ein dauerhaft optimaler Empfang gewährleistet wird, da stets auch das Signale der Antenne bzw. der Antennen mit der aktuell gunstigsten Ausrichtung zur Weiterverarbeitung weitergeleitet wird.An advantage of the invention is that the mixing of the signals of the three receiving antennas ensures a permanently optimal reception since the signals of the antenna or antennas with the currently most favorable orientation are always forwarded for further processing.
Hinzu kommt, daß durch die parallele Einstellung des Verstärkungsfaktors der Antennensignale sichergestellt wird, daß mögliche Storemflusse und Übersteuerungen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden, da jeweils die Antenne mit dem größten Eingangssignal die Verstärkung aller Signale festlegt .In addition, the parallel setting of the amplification factor of the antenna signals ensures that possible interference flows and overloads are reduced to a minimum, since the antenna with the largest input signal determines the amplification of all signals.
Die erfmdungsgemaße Empfangseinrichtung ist sowohl unabhängig von der Ausrichtung der Anordnung der Empfangsantennen im Raum, als auch vom Abstand der Anordnung der Empfangsantennen zu der Sendeantenne, von der die empfangenen Funksignale ausgestrahlt werden. Die von den Empfangsantennen empfangenen Funksignale setzen sich zusammen aus dem Nutzsignal und einem Tragersignal. Das Tragersignal der von den drei Empfangsantennen empfangenen Funksignale weist eine Phasenverschiebung auf, so daß ein direktes Mischen der drei empfangenen Signale nicht möglich ist, da dies zu Ausloschungen, Verdopplungen und Schwebungen im sich ergebenden Gesamtsignal fuhren wurde. Aus diesem Grund werden die empfangenen Signale vor dem Mischen vorteilhafterweise zunächst durch jeweils einen Gleichrichter, insbesondere durch einen Hullkurvendemodulator, gleichgerichtet. Am Ausgang des Gleichrichters steht dann das von dem Tragersignal befreite, reine Nutzsignal zur Verfugung.The receiving device according to the invention is independent both of the orientation of the arrangement of the receiving antennas in the room and of the distance between them Arrangement of the receiving antennas to the transmitting antenna from which the received radio signals are emitted. The radio signals received by the receiving antennas are composed of the useful signal and a carrier signal. The carrier signal of the radio signals received by the three receiving antennas has a phase shift, so that direct mixing of the three received signals is not possible, since this would lead to cancellations, doublings and beatings in the resulting overall signal. For this reason, the received signals are advantageously first rectified by a rectifier, in particular by a Hull curve demodulator, before mixing. The pure useful signal freed from the carrier signal is then available at the output of the rectifier.
Das Ausgangssignal des Mischers wird neben dem Einsatz für die Ruckkopplung vorzugsweise einer Digitalisierung unterzogen, um dann der eigentlichen Nutzung, insbesondere unter Einsatz eines Prozessors, zugeführt zu werden.In addition to the use for the feedback, the output signal of the mixer is preferably subjected to digitization in order to then be used for the actual use, in particular using a processor.
Das erf dungsgemaße Verfahren weist m einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung die folgenden Schritte auf: a) Verstarken der von den drei Empfangsantennen empfangenen Funksignale mit einem einstellbaren Verstärkungsfaktor, b) Isolieren des jeweiligen Nutzsignals aus den empfangenen und verstärkten, sich aus Tragerfrequenz und Nutzsignal zusammensetzenden Funksignalen, c) Mischen der drei isolierten Nutzsignale zu einem GesamtnutzSignal, d) Weiterleiten des Gesamtnutzsignals für eine anwendungsbezogenen Nutzung, sowie e) Einstellen des Verstärkungsfaktors für das Verstarken m Schritt a) durch eine Verstärkungsregelung unter Zugrundelegung der Amplitude des Gesamtnutzsignals als Regelgroße der Verstärkungsregelung.In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention has the following steps: a) amplifying the radio signals received by the three receiving antennas with an adjustable gain factor, b) isolating the respective useful signal from the received and amplified radio signals composed of carrier frequency and useful signal, c ) Mixing the three isolated useful signals into a total useful signal, d) forwarding the total useful signal for an application-related use, and e) Setting the amplification factor for the amplification in step a) by means of an amplification control on the basis of the amplitude of the total useful signal as the controlled variable of the amplification control.
Vorteilhafterweise werden im Ruhezustand für die Verstärkung der empfangenen Funksignale die maximalen Verstärkungsfaktoren eingestellt. Die Verstärkungsfaktoren können dann bei Empfang je nach Starke des empfangenen Gesamtsignals reduziert werden.In the idle state, the maximum amplification factors are advantageously set for the amplification of the received radio signals. The gain factors can then be reduced upon receipt depending on the strength of the received overall signal.
Die erf dungsgemaße Empfangseinrichtung und das erfmdungsgemaße Verfahren werden im folgenden anhand eines Ausfuhrungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf Zeichnungen naher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Fig. 1: eine Blockschaltbild eines Ausfuhrungsbeispiels einer Empfangseinrichtung gemäß Erfindung und Fig. 2: die Ausrichtung der Antennen m einer erfmdungsgemaßen Empfangseinrichtung .The receiving device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment with reference to drawings. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a receiving device according to the invention and FIG. 2 shows the alignment of the antennas in a receiving device according to the invention.
In Figur 1 ist eine erfmdungsgemaße Empfangseinrichtung eines Funksystems dargestellt, mit der die von Empfangsantennen A1,A2,A3 empfangenen Funksignale einem Prozessor P zur Verarbeitung zugeführt werden.FIG. 1 shows a receiving device of a radio system according to the invention, with which the radio signals received by receiving antennas A1, A2, A3 are fed to a processor P for processing.
Die Empfangsemrichtung weist die drei als Spulenantennen ausgebildeten Antennen A1,A2,A3 auf, deren Spulen orthogonal zueinander ausgerichtet sind.The receiving device has the three antennas A1, A2, A3 designed as coil antennas, the coils of which are oriented orthogonally to one another.
Die Orientierung der drei Antennen entsprechend der drei Raumausrichtungen ist der Figur 2 deutlich zu entnehmen, wobei die Bezugszeichen der drei Antennen A1,A2,A3 die gleichen sind wie die der entsprechenden Antennen m Figur 1. Die Spule der Antenne AI liegt demnach m der XY-Ebene, so daß sie im wesentlichen geeignet ist, Funksignale aus bzw. m Z-Richtung zu empfangen. Die Spule der Antenne A2 liegt m der YZ-Ebene, so daß sie im wesentlichen geeignet ist, Funksignale aus bzw. m X- Richtung zu empfangen. Die Spule der Antenne A3 schließlich liegt m der XZ-Ebene, so daß sie im wesentlichen geeignet ist, Funksignale aus bzw. m Y- Richtung zu empfangen.The orientation of the three antennas according to the three spatial orientations can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the reference symbols of the three antennas A1, A2, A3 being the same as those of the corresponding antennas in FIG. 1. The coil of the antenna AI is accordingly located in the XY plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the Z direction. The coil of the antenna A2 lies in the YZ plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the X direction. Finally, the coil of the antenna A3 lies in the XZ plane, so that it is essentially suitable for receiving radio signals from or in the Y direction.
Die Anschlüsse der Antennen A1,A2,A3 sind jeweils über einen einstellbaren Verstarker V1,V2,V3 und einen Gleichrichter G1,G2,G3 mit den Eingängen eines einzigen Mischers M verbunden.The connections of the antennas A1, A2, A3 are each connected to the inputs of a single mixer M via an adjustable amplifier V1, V2, V3 and a rectifier G1, G2, G3.
Der Ausgang des Mischers M wird einerseits einem A/D- Wandler D zugeführt, der weiter mit einem Prozessor P verbunden ist. Der Prozessor P bildet dabei einen Bestandteil einer beliebigen und nicht naher dargestellten Signalausgabeemheit .On the one hand, the output of the mixer M is fed to an A / D converter D, which is further connected to a processor P. The processor P forms part of any signal output unit that is not shown in detail.
Der Ausgang des Mischers M ist mit dem Eingang für die Regelgroße einer Verstarkungsregelungse heit R verbunden, die ihrerseits Zugang zu den steuernden Eingängen der einstellbaren Verstarker V1,V2,V3 hat.The output of the mixer M is connected to the input for the controlled variable of a reinforcement control unit R, which in turn has access to the control inputs of the adjustable amplifiers V1, V2, V3.
Die dargestellte Empfangseinrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:The receiving device shown works as follows:
An der Antennenanordnung ankommende Funksignale werden von den Antennen A1,A2,A3 erfaßt.Radio signals arriving at the antenna arrangement are detected by antennas A1, A2, A3.
Die Anordnung der Antennen A1,A2,A3 entsprechend der Darstellung Figur 2 stellt dabei sicher, daß für Funksignale m alle drei Dimensionen die Feldlinien mindestens die Spulenebene einer der Antennen A1,A2,A3 schneiden. Somit ist bei jeder Ausrichtung der Antennenanordnung ein Empfang von ankommenden Funksignalen gewährleistet.The arrangement of the antennas A1, A2, A3 as shown in FIG. 2 ensures that for radio signals m all three dimensions the field lines intersect at least the coil plane of one of the antennas A1, A2, A3. So with every alignment the Antenna arrangement ensures reception of incoming radio signals.
Die von den Antennen A1,A2,A3 erfaßten Signale, die noch aus einer Kombination von Nutzsignal und Tragersignal bestehen, werden durch die Verstarker V1,V2,V3 verstärkt und den Gleichrichtern G1,G2,G3 zugeführt. Die Gleichrichter fuhren eine Hullkurvendemodulation durch, so daß am Ausgang der Gleichrichter G1,G2,G3 die jeweilige Hullkurve und damit das eigentliche Nutzsignal zur Verfugung steht.The signals detected by the antennas A1, A2, A3, which still consist of a combination of the useful signal and the carrier signal, are amplified by the amplifiers V1, V2, V3 and fed to the rectifiers G1, G2, G3. The rectifiers carry out a hull curve demodulation, so that the respective hull curve and thus the actual useful signal is available at the output of the rectifiers G1, G2, G3.
Die von ihrem Trager befreiten Nutzsignale können nun m dem Mischer M ohne weiteres zu einem Gesamtsignal addiert werden, das von dem A/D-Wandler D digitalisiert und von dem Prozessor P zur aufbereiteten Ausgabe der Signale verarbeitet werden kann.The useful signals freed from their carrier can now easily be added to the mixer M to form an overall signal which can be digitized by the A / D converter D and processed by the processor P for the processed output of the signals.
Das von dem Mischer ausgegebene Gesamtsignal wird zusätzlich m einer Ruckkopplung zur Erzeugung einer Steuerspannung für die drei Verstarker V1,V2,V3 eingesetzt. Die Steuerspannung wird von der Verstarkungsregelungsemheit R abhangig von der Amplitude des Gesamtsignals aber gleich für jeden Verstarker eingestellt .The total signal output by the mixer is additionally used in a feedback loop to generate a control voltage for the three amplifiers V1, V2, V3. The control voltage is set by the amplification control unit R as a function of the amplitude of the overall signal, but is the same for each amplifier.
Die drei Verstarker V1,V2,V3 werden so angesteuert, daß sie im Ruhezustand mit dem maximalen Verstärkungsfaktor verstarken. Erfaßt nun eine der Antennen ein Nutzsignal und die anderen beiden Antennen lediglich Rauschen, so w rd der Verstarker der Antenne, die das Nutzsignal erfaßt, auf eine konstante Ausgangsamplitude heruntergeregelt und gleichermaßen wird der Verstärkungsfaktor der Verstärker der beiden anderen Antennen heruntergeregelt, wodurch deren verstärktes Eingangsrauschen im Verhältnis zum Gesamtsignal damit zu vernachlässigen ist. The three amplifiers V1, V2, V3 are controlled so that they amplify in the idle state with the maximum gain factor. If one of the antennas now detects a useful signal and the other two antennas only noise, the amplifier of the antenna, which detects the useful signal, is regulated down to a constant output amplitude and, likewise, the Gain factor of the amplifiers of the other two antennas, which means that their amplified input noise in relation to the overall signal is negligible.

Claims

PA T E N TAN S P RÜ C H E PA TEN TAN SP RUCHE
1. Empfangseinrichtung eines Funksystems, die mindestens drei Empfangsantennen (A1,A2,A3) zum Erfassen von Funksignalen aufweist, wobei die drei Empfangsantennen (A1,A2,A3) bezüglich ihrer Empfangsrichtung in drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen (X,Y,Z) ausgerichtet sind und den mindestens drei Empfangsantennen (A1,A2,A3) jeweils ein einstellbarer Verstärker (V1,V2,V3) zugeordnet ist, deren Ausgangssignale gemeinsam auf einen Mischer (M) ausgegeben werden, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Ausgangssignal des Mischers (M) über eine Verstärkungsregelungseinheit (R) als rückgekoppelte Regelgröße für den Verstärkungsfaktor der Verstärker1. Receiving device of a radio system, which has at least three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) for detecting radio signals, the three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) being aligned with respect to their receiving direction in three mutually orthogonal directions (X, Y, Z) and the at least three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) are each assigned an adjustable amplifier (V1, V2, V3), the output signals of which are output together on a mixer (M), characterized in that the output signal of the mixer (M) is via a gain control unit (R) as a feedback control variable for the gain factor of the amplifier
(V1,V2,V3) diesen als einheitliche Eingangsgröße zugeführt wird.(V1, V2, V3) this is supplied as a uniform input variable.
2. Empfangseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Verstärker (V1,V2,V3) jeweils über einen Gleichrichter (G1,G2,G3), insbesondere einen Hüllkurvendemodulator, mit dem Mischer (M) verbunden sind.2. Receiving device according to claim 1, so that the amplifiers (V1, V2, V3) are each connected via a rectifier (G1, G2, G3), in particular an envelope demodulator, to the mixer (M).
3. Empfangseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Anschlüsse der Empfangsantennen (A1,A2,A3) jeweils über einen Gleichrichter (G1,G2,G3), insbesondere einen Hüllkurvendemodulator, mit den einstellbaren Verstärkern (V1,V2,V3) verbunden sind. 3. Receiving device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections of the receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) are each connected via a rectifier (G1, G2, G3), in particular an envelope demodulator, to the adjustable amplifiers (V1, V2, V3) .
4. Empfangseinrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Ausgang des Mischers (M) zusätzlich verbunden ist mit dem Eingang eines A/D-Wandlers (D) zum Digitalisieren des von dem Mischer (M) ausgebbaren Signals.4. Receiving device according to one of the preceding claims, that the output of the mixer (M) is additionally connected to the input of an A / D converter (D) for digitizing the signal which can be output by the mixer (M).
5. Empfangseinrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Ausgang des A/D-Wandlers (D) verbunden ist mit einem Eingang eines Mikroprozessors (P) einer anwenderbezogenen Signalverarbeitungseinheit .5. Receiving device according to one of the preceding claims, that the output of the A / D converter (D) is connected to an input of a microprocessor (P) of a user-related signal processing unit.
6. Funksystem, das eine Empfangseinrichtung gemäß einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche sowie eine Sendeeinrichtung umfaßt, wobei die Sendeeinrichtung mindestens eine Sendeantenne aufweist und geeignet ist, diese Sendeantenne zum Aussenden von Funksignalen anzusteuern.6. Radio system which comprises a receiving device according to one of the preceding claims and a transmitting device, the transmitting device having at least one transmitting antenna and being suitable for driving this transmitting antenna for transmitting radio signals.
7. Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Funksignalen, die von mindestens einer von mindestens drei Empfangsantennen7. Method for processing radio signals from at least one of at least three receiving antennas
(A1,A2,A3) einer Empfangseinrichtung erfaßt werden, wobei die Empfangsantennen bezüglich ihrer Empfangsrichtung in drei zueinander orthogonale Richtungen (X,Y,Z) ausgerichtet sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die von den drei Empfangsantennen (A1,A2,A3) empfangenen Signale in Abhängigkeit von einem sich aus einer Mischung der empfangenen Signale ergebenden Gesamtsignal einheitlich verstärkt werden. (A1, A2, A3) of a receiving device can be detected, the receiving antennas being oriented with respect to their receiving direction in three mutually orthogonal directions (X, Y, Z), characterized in that the signals received by the three receiving antennas (A1, A2, A3) as a function of an overall signal resulting from a mixture of the received signals.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, das die folgenden Schritte aufweist: a) Verstärken der von den drei Empfangsantennen8. The method of claim 7, comprising the steps of: a) amplifying that of the three receiving antennas
(A1,A2,A3) empfangenen Funksignale mit einem einstellbaren Verstärkungsfaktor, b) Isolieren des jeweiligen Nutzsignals aus den empfangenen und verstärkten, sich aus Trägerfrequenz und Nutzsignal zusammensetzenden Funksignalen, c) Mischen der drei isolierten Nutzsignale zu einem Gesamtnutzsignal, d) Weiterleiten des Gesamtnutzsignals für eine anwendungsbezogenen Nutzung, sowie e) Einstellen des Verstärkungsfaktors für das Verstärken in Schritt a) durch eine Verstärkungsregelung unter Zugrundelegung der Amplitude des Gesamtnutzsignals als Regelgröße der Verstärkungsregelung .(A1, A2, A3) received radio signals with an adjustable gain factor, b) isolating the respective useful signal from the received and amplified radio signals composed of carrier frequency and useful signal, c) mixing the three isolated useful signals into a total useful signal, d) forwarding the total useful signal for an application-related use, and e) setting the gain factor for the amplification in step a) by means of a gain control on the basis of the amplitude of the total useful signal as a control variable of the gain control.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Gesamtsignal bzw. das Gesamtnutzsignal digitalisiert und anschließend einem Mikroprozessor zur anwendungsbezogenen Verarbeitung zugeführt wird.9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the overall signal or the total useful signal is digitized and then fed to a microprocessor for application-related processing.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß für die Verstärkung der empfangenen Funksignale im Ruhezustand der maximale Verstärkungsfaktor eingestellt wird. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, that the maximum gain is set for the amplification of the radio signals received in the idle state.
EP99923468A 1998-08-22 1999-04-27 Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals Withdrawn EP1118140A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19838217 1998-08-22
DE19838217 1998-08-22
PCT/EP1999/002824 WO2000011753A1 (en) 1998-08-22 1999-04-27 Receiving device of a radio system and method for processing received radio signals

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EP1387502B1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2005-11-23 EM Microelectronic-Marin SA Portable receiver with reduced dispersion
DE102011050129A1 (en) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-08 Maxim Integrated Gmbh transponder

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US3475687A (en) * 1965-09-29 1969-10-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio receiving apparatus responsive to both electric and magnetic field components of the transmitted signal
US4025856A (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-05-24 Sode Laurence A Antenna apparatus
JPS5683146A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-07-07 Nec Corp Synthesizing system of pass band optimum ratio in diversity communication
ZW18386A1 (en) * 1985-09-06 1988-04-13 Ici Australia Ltd Antenna device
GB2251360A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-01 Ford Motor Co Multiple antenna broadcast reception system for a motor vehicle
JP3243130B2 (en) * 1994-10-31 2002-01-07 松下電器産業株式会社 Receiver with adaptive antenna

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