EP1114474A1 - Electro-luminescent arrangements with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes - Google Patents

Electro-luminescent arrangements with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes

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Publication number
EP1114474A1
EP1114474A1 EP99942899A EP99942899A EP1114474A1 EP 1114474 A1 EP1114474 A1 EP 1114474A1 EP 99942899 A EP99942899 A EP 99942899A EP 99942899 A EP99942899 A EP 99942899A EP 1114474 A1 EP1114474 A1 EP 1114474A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
electroluminescent
optionally substituted
hole
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99942899A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut-Werner Heuer
Rolf Wehrmann
Andreas Elschner
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1114474A1 publication Critical patent/EP1114474A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/18—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the nature or concentration of the activator
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
    • C07D215/24—Oxygen atoms attached in position 8
    • C07D215/26—Alcohols; Ethers thereof
    • C07D215/30—Metal salts; Chelates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/24—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/38—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic System
    • C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
    • C07F5/069—Aluminium compounds without C-aluminium linkages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
    • C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
    • C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent

Definitions

  • An electroluminescent (EL) arrangement is characterized in that it emits light when an electrical voltage is applied under current flow.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • the emission of light occurs because positive charges ("holes”, holes) and negative charges (“electrons”, electrons) recombine while emitting light.
  • inorganic semiconductors such as gallium arsenide are used today.
  • Point-like display elements can be produced on the basis of such substances. Large-scale arrangements are not possible.
  • electroluminescent arrangements based on evaporated low-molecular organic compounds are known (US Pat. Nos. 4,539,507, 4,769,262, 5,077,142, EP 0 406 762, EP 0 278 758, EP) -A 0 278 757).
  • Polymers such as poly (p-phenylene) and poly (p-phenylene vinylene (PPV)) are also described as electroluminescent polymers: G. Leising et al, Adv. Mater. 4 (1992) No. 1; Friend et al., J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 32 (1992); Saito et al, Polymer, 1990, vol. 31, 1137; Friend et al, Physical Review B, Vol. 42, No. 18, 11670 or WO-A 90/13148.
  • Further examples of PPV in electroluminescent displays are described in EP-A 0 443 861, WO-A 92/03490 and 92/03491.
  • EP-A 0 294 061 presents an optical modulator based on polyacetylene.
  • PPV derivatives proposed (WO-A 92/16023).
  • Polymer blends of different compositions are also known: M. Stolka et al., Pure & Appt. Chem., Vol. 67, No. 1, pp 175-182, 1995; H. Bässler et al., Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, No. 6, 551; K. Nagai et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (16), 1995, 2281; EP-A 0 532 798.
  • the organic EL devices typically contain one or more layers of organic charge transport compounds.
  • the basic structure in the order of the layers is as follows:
  • Layers 3 to 7 represent the electroluminescent element.
  • an EL arrangement consists of two electrodes, between which there is an organic layer that fulfills all functions - including the emission of light.
  • Such systems are described, for example, in application WO-A 90/13148 based on poly (p-phenylene vinylene).
  • Multi-layer systems can be built up by vapor deposition processes, in which the layers are applied successively from the gas phase, or by casting processes. Casting processes are preferred due to the higher process speeds. However, the dissolving process of a layer that has already been applied can be difficult in certain cases when layering over with the next layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide electroluminescent arrangements with high luminance, novel metal complexes with improved solubility in common solvents being used as emitters and / or electron conductors. These new types of metal complexes should also be able to be applied by vapor deposition from the gas phase.
  • zone is synonymous with layer.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an electroluminescent arrangement composed of a substrate, an anode, an electroluminescent element and a cathode, at least one of the two electrodes being transparent in the visible spectral range and the electroluminescent element being one or more zones from the group of the hole-injecting zone , hole-transporting zone, electroluminescent zone, electron-transporting zone and electron-injecting zone in the order mentioned, each of the zones present also being able to take on tasks of the other zones mentioned, characterized in that the electroluminescent element contains a thiophene carboxylate metal complex.
  • the hole-injecting zone preferably contains a neutral or cationic polythiophene of the formula (I)
  • Ql and Q ⁇ independently of one another represent hydrogen, optionally substituted (Cl-C2 ⁇ ) - Alkvl > CH2OH or (Cg-Ci ⁇ -aryl or
  • n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
  • the hole-conducting zone adjoining the hole-injecting zone preferably contains one or more aromatic tertiary amino compounds, preferably optionally substituted triphenylamine compounds, particularly preferably tris, 3,5- (aminophenyl) benzene compounds of the formula (II).
  • the zones or zones located between the hole-injecting zone and the cathode can also perform several functions, i.e. a zone e.g. hole-injecting, hole-transporting, electroluminescent, electron-transporting and / or electron-injecting substances.
  • a zone e.g. hole-injecting, hole-transporting, electroluminescent, electron-transporting and / or electron-injecting substances.
  • the electroluminescent element may further contain one or more transparent polymeric binders.
  • the transparent binder is preferably selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, copolymers of styrene, Polysulfones, polymers based on monomers containing vinyl groups, polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers and phenoxy resins.
  • the optionally substituted tris-1, 3, 5- (aminophenyl) benzene compound preferably represents an aromatic tertiary amino compound of the general formula (II)
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or halogen
  • R3 and R ⁇ independently of one another represent optionally substituted (C J -C J Q) alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl-substituted (C] -C] o) alkyl, each optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl.
  • R ⁇ and R ⁇ independently of one another preferably represent (Cj-Cg) alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, (Cj-C4) - Alkoxycarbonyl- (C ⁇ -C6) -alkyl, such as, for example, methoxy-, ethoxy-, propoxy-, butoxycarbonyl- (C ⁇ -C4) -alkyl, in each case optionally by (C1-C4) -alkyl and / or (C] - C4) alkoxy substituted phenyl- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, naphthyl- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or naphthyl.
  • Cj-Cg alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl,
  • R-3 and R ⁇ are particularly preferably independently of one another unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl or in each case monosubstituted to triple by methyl, ethyl, n-, iso-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n- and / or iso-propoxy-substituted phenyl or naphthyl.
  • R2 preferably represents hydrogen, (Ci-Cg) alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n- or isopropyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, or chlorine.
  • the tris-nitrophenyl compound can be converted into the tris-aminophenyl compound, for example by generally known catalytic hydrogenation, for example in the presence of Raney nickel (Houben-Weyl 4 / IC, 14-102, Ullmann (4) 13 , 135-148).
  • the amino compound is reacted in a generally known manner with substituted halogenobenzenes.
  • further hole conductors e.g. in the form of a mixture with the tertiary amino compound, used to build up the electroluminescent element.
  • it can be one or more compounds of the formula (II), mixtures of isomers being included, on the other hand, it can also be mixtures of hole-transporting compounds with compounds of tertiary amino compounds - with the general formula (II) - with different structures.
  • the compounds can be used in any ratio.
  • Materials which have hole-conducting properties and can be used in pure form or as mixing partners with the tertiary amino compounds are, for example, the following compounds, where X 1 to X 6 independently of one another represent H, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy.
  • X 1 to X 6 independently of one another preferably represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, (C ] -C 10 ) -, in particular (C r C 4 ) - alkyl or alkoxy, phenyl, naphthyl, phenoxy and / or naphthyloxy.
  • the aromatic rings can be substituted one, two, three or four times, identically or differently, by at least one radical X 1 to X 6 .
  • the polythiophenes of the recurring structural unit of the formula (I) are known (cf. EP-A 0 440 958 and 0 339 340). The preparation of the dispersions or solutions according to the invention is described in EP-A 0 440 957 and DE-A 42 11 459.
  • the polythiophenes in the dispersion or solution are preferably in cationic form, as described e.g. obtained by treating the neutral thiophenes with oxidizing agents.
  • oxidizing agents such as potassium peroxodisulfate are used for the oxidation.
  • the oxidation gives the polythiophenes positive charges, which are not shown in the formulas, since their number and their position cannot be determined properly. According to the information in EP-A 0 339 340, they can be produced directly on supports.
  • Preferred cationic or neutral polydioxythiophenes are composed of structural units of the formula (Ia) or (Ib)
  • Q 3 and Q 4 independently of one another for hydrogen, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 18 ) alkyl, preferably (C] -C 10 ), in particular (CC 6 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 ) alkenyl, preferably ( C -C 8 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 7 -Cj 5 ) aralkyl, preferably phenyl (C j - C) alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, preferably phenyl, naphthyl, (C r C 18 ) alkoxy, preferably (-C-C ⁇ o) alkoxy, for example methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy or (C 2 -Ci8) alkyloxy ester and
  • Q 5 and Q 6 independently of one another for hydrogen, each substituted with at least one sulfonate group (-CC 8 ) -alkyl, preferably (C Cjo) -, in particular (C r C 6 ) -alkyl, (C 2 -C 12 ) - Alkenyl, preferably (C 2 -C 8 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 7 -C 5 ) aralkyl, preferably phenyl (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, preferably
  • n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
  • Cationic or neutral polythiophenes of the formulas (Ia-1) and (Ib-I) are particularly preferred.
  • the cationic form of the polythiophenes contains anions, preferably polyanions.
  • polymeric carboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acid or polymaleic acids and polymeric sulfonic acids such as polystyrene sulfonic acids and polyvinyl sulfonic acids are preferably used as polyanions.
  • polycarbonic and sulfonic acids can also be copolymers of vinylcarbonic and vinylsulfonic acids with other polymerizable monomers, such as acrylic acid esters and styrene.
  • the anion of the polystyrene sulfonic acid is particularly preferred as the counter ion.
  • the molecular weight of the polyacids providing the polyanions is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, particularly preferably 2,000 to 500,000.
  • the polyacids or their alkali salts are commercially available, e.g. Polystyrene sulfonic acids and
  • Polyacrylic acids or can be prepared by known processes (see, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. E 20 Macromolecular Substances, Part 2 (1987), p. 1 141 f).
  • free polyacids instead of the free polyacids required for the formation of the dispersions from polydioxythiophenes and polyanions, it is also possible to use mixtures of alkali salts of the polyacids and corresponding amounts of monoacids.
  • the polydioxythiophenes carry positive and negative charges in the monomer unit itself.
  • the arrangements according to the invention optionally contain polymers and / or copolymers such as e.g. Polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, copolymers of styrene such as SAN or styrene acrylates, polysulfones, polymers based on
  • Monomers containing vinyl groups such as, for example, poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylcarbazole, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol polymers and copolymers, polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers, phenoxy resins, etc. Mixtures of different polymers can also be used.
  • the polymeric binders have molecular weights of 10,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, are soluble and film-forming and are transparent in the visible spectral range. They are described, for example, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2 nc Ed. a Wiley Interscience publication. They are usually used in an amount of up to 95, preferably up to 80,% by weight, based on the total weight of the electroluminescent elements.
  • the thiophene carboxylate metal complex is preferably a compound of the general formula (III) a to (III) g
  • V j , V 2 , V 3 and V 4 represent an optionally substituted and / or optionally branched alkylene radical or an optionally substituted thiophene or oligothiophene radical,
  • V 5 represents an alkylene radical or a single bond
  • Z stands independently in both forms for atoms which complete a part of the molecule which consists of at least 2 condensed rings
  • R j to R 20 independently of one another represent hydrogen or optionally substituted (-CC 16 ) alkyl or (-C-C ] 0 ) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
  • Trivalent metals which are known to form chelates can generally be used.
  • the metal can be aluminum, gallium, indium or a lanthanoid.
  • Z completes a heterocyclic moiety that consists of at least two fused rings, one of which is an azole or azine ring, with additional additional aliphatic or aromatic rings attached to the two fused rings.
  • the component is particularly preferably a compound of the general formulas (I ⁇ I) h to (I ⁇ I) n
  • R 2 stands for particularly preferred (C 1 -C jg) alkyl
  • R 22 to R 26 independently of one another for hydrogen optionally substituted (C ] -C ⁇ 6 ) alkyl or acyl or halogen or optionally substituted Aryl or cyano or sulfonamide or an optionally substituted amino group,
  • R 27 to R 40 independently of one another are hydrogen or optionally substituted or (Cj-Cj 0 ) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
  • a compound of the general formulas (III) h to (III) n very particularly preferably stands for the thiophene carboxylate metal complex
  • R 1 is very particularly preferably (C 1 -C 10 ) -alkyl 1
  • R 22 to R 26 independently of one another very particularly preferably represent hydrogen, optionally substituted (C] -C] o) - alkyl- or acyl or sulfonamide
  • R 27 to R 40 are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted or (C J-CJ O) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
  • V3 and V 4 very particularly represent an alkylene radical
  • V 5 stands especially for a direct link
  • Examples include:
  • One or more compounds of the formulas B1 to B13 can be used.
  • 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands are commercially available or can be prepared by known organic chemical processes (R.G.W. Hallingshead, Voll, Chap. 6, Butterworths, London (1954)).
  • the metal complexes can also be prepared by known processes (L.S. Sapachak et al., J. Phys. Chem. 100, 177766 (1996) and H. Schmidbauer et al., Z. Naturforsch. 46b, 1065 (1991)).
  • the thiophene derivatives are commercially available or can be prepared by known organic chemical processes.
  • the thiophene carboxylate metal complex and, if appropriate, the tertiary amino compound and the binder are dissolved in a suitable solvent and applied to a suitable base by casting, knife coating or spin coating.
  • the metal complex can optionally also be applied separately as a layer by means of a vapor deposition process.
  • the base can be, for example, glass or a plastic material that is provided with a transparent electrode.
  • a film made of polycarbonate, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, polysulfone or polyimide can be used as the plastic material.
  • metal oxides e.g. Indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), zinc oxide, doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, etc.
  • ITO Indium tin oxide
  • NESA tin oxide
  • zinc oxide doped tin oxide
  • doped zinc oxide etc.
  • conductive polymer films such as polyanilines, polythiophenes, etc.
  • the metal oxide and semi-transparent metal film electrodes are made by
  • the conductive polymer films are applied from the solution using techniques such as spin coating, casting, knife coating etc.
  • the thickness of the transparent electrode is 3 nm to approximately several ⁇ m, preferably 10 nm to 500 nm.
  • the electroluminescent layer is applied directly to the transparent electrode or to a charge-transporting layer which may be present as a thin film.
  • the thickness of the film is 10 to 500 nm, preferably 20 to
  • a further charge-transporting layer can be inserted on the electroluminescent layer before a counterelectrode is applied.
  • EP-A 0 532 798 A compilation of suitable charge-transporting intermediate layers, which can be hole- and / or electron-conducting materials, which can optionally be present as a blend in polymeric or low molecular weight form, is listed in EP-A 0 532 798. Specially substituted polythiophenes which have hole-transporting properties are particularly suitable. They are described, for example, in EP-A 0 686 662.
  • the content of low molecular hole conductor in a polymeric binder can be varied in the range from 2 to 97% by weight; the content is preferably 5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 90% by weight, in particular 10 to 85% by weight.
  • the hole-injecting or hole-conducting zones can be deposited using various methods.
  • Film-forming hole conductors can also be used in pure form (100%). If appropriate, the hole-injecting or hole-conducting zone can also contain portions of an electroluminescent substance.
  • Blends that consist exclusively of low molecular weight compounds can be evaporated; Soluble and film-forming blends, which can also contain a binder in addition to low molecular weight compounds, can be obtained from a solution e.g. be deposited by means of spin coating, casting, knife coating.
  • emitting and / or electron-conducting substances can be applied to the hole-conducting layer in a separate layer.
  • An emitting substance can also be doped into the layer containing the compound (II) (“dopant”) and an electron-conducting substance can also be applied.
  • An electroluminescent substance can also be added to the electron-injecting or electron-conducting layer.
  • the content of low-molecular electron conductors in the polymeric binder can be varied in the range from 2 to 95% by weight; the content is preferably 5 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 85% by weight.
  • Film-forming electron conductors can also be used in pure form (100%).
  • the counter electrode consists of a conductive substance that can be transparent.
  • Metals are preferably suitable, e.g. Al, Au, Ag, Mg, In, etc. or alloys and oxides thereof, which can be applied by techniques such as vapor deposition, sputtering, platinum plating.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is brought into contact with the two electrodes by means of two electrical leads (e.g. metal wires).
  • the arrangements When a direct voltage is applied in the range from 0J to 100 volts, the arrangements emit light of the wavelength from 200 to 2000 nm. They show photoluminescence in the range from 200 to 2000 nm.
  • the arrangements according to the invention are suitable for producing units for lighting and for displaying information.
  • Substance B4 according to the invention is used to build up an organic light emitting diode
  • OLED used.
  • the OLED is manufactured as follows:
  • ITO-coated glass (Merck Balzers AG, FL, Part No. 253 674 XO) is cut into 50 mm x 50 mm pieces (substrates). The substrates are then cleaned in a 3% aqueous mucasol solution in an ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The substrates are then rinsed with distilled water and spun dry in a centrifuge. This rinsing and drying process is repeated 10 times.
  • the supernatant solution is then spun off by rotating the plate at 500 rpm over a period of 3 minutes.
  • the substrate coated in this way is then dried on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes.
  • the layer thickness is 60 nm (Tencor, Alphastep 200).
  • a third organic layer namely the substance B4 according to the invention, is thermally evaporated onto the two organic layers thus produced. This is done in a vapor deposition system (Leybold, Univex 350).
  • the pressure in the vapor deposition system is 10 " 3 Pa during the vapor deposition and the vapor deposition rate is 2 ⁇ sec.
  • the total layer thickness of the 3 organic layers is 200 nm.
  • a metal electrode is vaporized onto the organic layer system.
  • the substrate is placed with the organic layer system down on a shadow mask (hole diameter 5 mm).
  • the elements Mg and Ag are evaporated in parallel from two evaporation boats at a pressure of 10 ⁇ 3 Pa.
  • the evaporation rates for Mg are: 28 ⁇ / sec.
  • the thickness of the vapor-deposited metal contacts is 500 nm.
  • the two electrodes of the organic LED are connected to a voltage source via electrical fillings.
  • the positive pole is connected to the ITO electrode, the negative pole is connected to the MgAg electrode.

Abstract

An electro-luminescent arrangement comprising a substrate, an anode, an electro-luminescent element and a cathode, whereby at least one of the two electrodes is transparent in the visible spectral range and the electro-luminescent element contains one or several zones from the following group: a hole injection zone, a hole transportation zone, an electro-luminescent zone, an electron transportation zone and an electron injection zone. Each of the available zones can also handle tasks pertaining to the other zones thus indicated. The invention is characterized in that the electro-luminescent element contains a thiophene carboxylate metal complex.

Description

Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen mit Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkom- plexenElectroluminescent arrangements with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes
Eine elektrolumineszierende (EL) Anordnung ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß sie unter Anlegung einer elektrischen Spannung unter Stromfluß Licht aussendet. Derartige Anordnungen sind unter der Bezeichnung "Leuchtdioden" (LEDs = light emitting diodes) seit langem in der Technik bekannt. Die Emission von Licht kommt dadurch zustande, daß positive Ladungen ("Löcher", holes) und negative Ladungen ("Elektronen", electrons) unter Aussendung von Licht rekombinieren.An electroluminescent (EL) arrangement is characterized in that it emits light when an electrical voltage is applied under current flow. Such arrangements have long been known in the art under the name "light emitting diodes" (LEDs). The emission of light occurs because positive charges ("holes", holes) and negative charges ("electrons", electrons) recombine while emitting light.
Bei der Entwicklung lichtemittierender Bauteile für Elektronik oder Photonik kommen heute hauptsächlich anorganische Halbleiter, wie Galliumarsenid, zum Einsatz. Auf Basis derartiger Substanzen können punktförmige Anzeigeelemente hergestellt werden. Großflächige Anordnungen sind nicht möglich.In the development of light-emitting components for electronics or photonics, mainly inorganic semiconductors such as gallium arsenide are used today. Point-like display elements can be produced on the basis of such substances. Large-scale arrangements are not possible.
Neben den Halbleiterleuchtdioden sind elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen auf Basis aufgedampfter niedermolekularer organischer Verbindungen bekannt (US-A 4 539 507, US-A 4 769 262, US-A 5 077 142, EP-A 0 406 762, EP-A 0 278 758, EP-A 0 278 757).In addition to the semiconductor light-emitting diodes, electroluminescent arrangements based on evaporated low-molecular organic compounds are known (US Pat. Nos. 4,539,507, 4,769,262, 5,077,142, EP 0 406 762, EP 0 278 758, EP) -A 0 278 757).
Weiterhin werden Polymere, wie Poly-(p-phenylene) und Poly-(p-phenylenvinylene (PPV)) als elektrolumineszierende Polymere beschrieben: G. Leising et al, Adv. Mater. 4 (1992) No. 1; Friend et al., J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 32 (1992); Saito et al, Polymer, 1990, Vol. 31, 1137; Friend et al, Physical Review B, Vol. 42, No. 18, 11670 oder WO-A 90/13148. Weitere Beispiele für PPV in Elektrolumineszenz- anzeigen werden in EP-A 0 443 861, WO-A 92/03490 und 92/03491 beschrieben.Polymers such as poly (p-phenylene) and poly (p-phenylene vinylene (PPV)) are also described as electroluminescent polymers: G. Leising et al, Adv. Mater. 4 (1992) No. 1; Friend et al., J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 32 (1992); Saito et al, Polymer, 1990, vol. 31, 1137; Friend et al, Physical Review B, Vol. 42, No. 18, 11670 or WO-A 90/13148. Further examples of PPV in electroluminescent displays are described in EP-A 0 443 861, WO-A 92/03490 and 92/03491.
EP-A 0 294 061 stellt einen optischen Modulator auf Basis von Polyacetylen vor.EP-A 0 294 061 presents an optical modulator based on polyacetylene.
Zur Herstellung flexibler Polymer-LEDs haben Heeger at al. lösliche konjugierteFor the production of flexible polymer LEDs, Heeger at al. soluble conjugated
PPV-Derivate vorgeschlagen (WO-A 92/16023). Polymerblends unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung sind ebenfalls bekannt: M. Stolka et al., Pure & Appt. Chem., Vol. 67, No. 1 , pp 175-182, 1995; H. Bässler et al., Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, No. 6, 551 ; K. Nagai et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (16), 1995, 2281; EP-A 0 532 798.PPV derivatives proposed (WO-A 92/16023). Polymer blends of different compositions are also known: M. Stolka et al., Pure & Appt. Chem., Vol. 67, No. 1, pp 175-182, 1995; H. Bässler et al., Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, No. 6, 551; K. Nagai et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (16), 1995, 2281; EP-A 0 532 798.
Die organischen EL-Anordnungen enthalten in der Regel eine oder mehrere Schichten aus organischen Ladungstransportverbindungen. Der prinzipielle Aufbau in der Reihenfolge der Schichten ist wie folgt:The organic EL devices typically contain one or more layers of organic charge transport compounds. The basic structure in the order of the layers is as follows:
1 Träger, Substrat1 carrier, substrate
2 Basiselektrode2 base electrode
3 Löcher-injizierende Schicht3 hole injecting layer
4 Löcher-transportierende Schicht 5 Licht-emittierende Schicht4 hole-transporting layer 5 light-emitting layer
6 Elektronen-transportierende Schicht6 electron transporting layer
7 Elektronen-injizierende Schicht7 electron injecting layer
8 Topelektrode8 top electrode
9 Kontakte 10 Umhüllung, Verkapselung.9 contacts 10 encapsulation, encapsulation.
Die Schichten 3 bis 7 stellen das elektrolumineszierende Element dar.Layers 3 to 7 represent the electroluminescent element.
Dieser Aufbau stellt den allgemeinsten Fall dar und kann vereinfacht werden, indem einzelne Schichten weggelassen werden, so daß eine Schicht mehrere Aufgaben übernimmt. Im einfachsten Fall besteht eine EL-Anordung aus zwei Elektroden, zwischen denen sich eine organische Schicht befindet, die alle Funktionen - inklusive der der Emission von Licht - erfüllt. Derartige Systeme sind z.B. in der Anmeldung WO-A 90/13148 auf der Basis von Poly-(p-phenylenvinylen) beschrieben. Der Aufbau von Mehrschichtsystemen kann durch Aufdampfverfahren, bei denen die Schichten sukzessive aus der Gasphase aufgebracht werden oder durch Gießverfahren erfolgen. Gießverfahren sind aufgrund der höheren Prozeßgeschwindigkeiten bevorzugt. Allerdings kann der Anlöseprozeß einer bereits aufgebrachten Schicht beim Überschichten mit der nächsten Schicht in bestimmten Fällen eine Schwierigkeit darstellen.This structure represents the most general case and can be simplified by omitting individual layers so that one layer performs several tasks. In the simplest case, an EL arrangement consists of two electrodes, between which there is an organic layer that fulfills all functions - including the emission of light. Such systems are described, for example, in application WO-A 90/13148 based on poly (p-phenylene vinylene). Multi-layer systems can be built up by vapor deposition processes, in which the layers are applied successively from the gas phase, or by casting processes. Casting processes are preferred due to the higher process speeds. However, the dissolving process of a layer that has already been applied can be difficult in certain cases when layering over with the next layer.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung von elektrolumineszierenden Anordnungen mit hoher Leuchtdichte, wobei neuartige Metall- komplexe mit verbesserter Löslichkeit in gängigen Lösungsmitteln als Emitter und/oder Elektronleiter verwendet werden sollen. Diese neuartigen Metallkomplexe sollen auch durch Aufdampfverfahren aus der Gasphase aufgebracht werden können.The object of the present invention is to provide electroluminescent arrangements with high luminance, novel metal complexes with improved solubility in common solvents being used as emitters and / or electron conductors. These new types of metal complexes should also be able to be applied by vapor deposition from the gas phase.
Es wurde gefunden, daß elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen, die untengenannte Metallkomplexe enthalten, diese Anforderungen erfüllen. Im folgenden ist der Begriff Zone auch mit Schicht gleichzusetzen.It has been found that electroluminescent devices containing the metal complexes mentioned below meet these requirements. In the following, the term zone is synonymous with layer.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind daher elektrolumineszierende Anordnung, aufgebaut aus einem Substrat, einer Anode, einem elektrolumineszierenden Element und einer Kathode, wobei wenigstens eine der beiden Elektroden im sichtbaren Spektralbereich transparent ist und das elektrolumineszierende Element eine der oder mehrere Zonen aus der Gruppe der lochinjizierenden Zone, lochtransportierenden Zone, elektrolumineszierenden Zone, elektronentransportierenden Zone und elektroneninjizierenden Zone in der genannten Reihenfolge enthält, wobei jede der vorhandenen Zonen auch Aufgaben der anderen genannten Zonen übernehmen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elektrolumineszierende Element einen Thiophen- carboxylat-Metallkomplex enthält.The present invention therefore relates to an electroluminescent arrangement composed of a substrate, an anode, an electroluminescent element and a cathode, at least one of the two electrodes being transparent in the visible spectral range and the electroluminescent element being one or more zones from the group of the hole-injecting zone , hole-transporting zone, electroluminescent zone, electron-transporting zone and electron-injecting zone in the order mentioned, each of the zones present also being able to take on tasks of the other zones mentioned, characterized in that the electroluminescent element contains a thiophene carboxylate metal complex.
Die lochinjizierende Zone enthält vorzugsweise ein neutrales oder kationisches Poly- thiophen der Formel (I) The hole-injecting zone preferably contains a neutral or cationic polythiophene of the formula (I)
wobeiin which
Ql und Q^ unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes (Cl-C2θ)-Alkvl > CH2OH oder (Cg-Ci^-Aryl stehen oderQl and Q ^ independently of one another represent hydrogen, optionally substituted (Cl-C2θ) - Alkvl > CH2OH or (Cg-Ci ^ -aryl or
Q1 und Q2 zusammen -(CH2)m-CH2- mit m = 0 bis 12, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5, (C - Cj4)-Arylen bedeuten, undQ 1 and Q 2 together mean - (CH2) m -CH2- with m = 0 to 12, preferably 1 to 5, (C - C j 4) -arylene, and
n für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 10 000, vorzugsweise 5 bis 5 000 steht.n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
Die an die lochinjizierende Zone angrenzende lochleitende Zone enthält vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere aromatische tertiäre Aminoverbindungen, bevorzugt gegebenenfalls substituierte Triphenylaminverbindungen, besonders bevorzugt Tris- l,3,5-(aminophenyl)benzolverbindungen der Formel (II).The hole-conducting zone adjoining the hole-injecting zone preferably contains one or more aromatic tertiary amino compounds, preferably optionally substituted triphenylamine compounds, particularly preferably tris, 3,5- (aminophenyl) benzene compounds of the formula (II).
Die sich zwischen lochinjizierender Zone und Kathode befindlichen Zonen oder Zone können auch mehrere Funktionen übernehmen, d.h., daß eine Zone z.B. lochinjizierende, lochtransportierende, elektrolumineszierende, elektronentransportierende und/oder elektroneninjizierende Substanzen enthalten kann.The zones or zones located between the hole-injecting zone and the cathode can also perform several functions, i.e. a zone e.g. hole-injecting, hole-transporting, electroluminescent, electron-transporting and / or electron-injecting substances.
Das elektrolumineszierende Element kann ferner einen oder mehrere transparente polymere Binder enthalten. Vorzugsweise wird der transparente Binder ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Polycarbonate, Polyestercarbonate, Copolymere des Styrols, Polysulfone, Polymerisate auf Basis von Vinylgruppen-haltigen Monomeren, Polyolefine, cyclische Olefincopolymere und Phenoxyharze.The electroluminescent element may further contain one or more transparent polymeric binders. The transparent binder is preferably selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, copolymers of styrene, Polysulfones, polymers based on monomers containing vinyl groups, polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers and phenoxy resins.
Die gegebenenfalls substituierte Tris-1, 3, 5-(aminophenyl)benzol- Verbindung steht vorzugsweise für eine aromatische tertiäre Aminoverbindung der allgemeinen Formel (II)The optionally substituted tris-1, 3, 5- (aminophenyl) benzene compound preferably represents an aromatic tertiary amino compound of the general formula (II)
in welcherin which
R2 für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl oder Halogen steht,R 2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or halogen,
R3 und R^ unabhängig voneinander für gegebenenfalls substituiertes (C J -C J Q)- Alkyl, Alkoxycarbonyl-substituiertes (C] -C] o)-Alkyl, jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl, Aralkyl oder Cycloalkyl stehen.R3 and R ^ independently of one another represent optionally substituted (C J -C J Q) alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl-substituted (C] -C] o) alkyl, each optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl.
R^ und R^ stehen unabhängig voneinander bevorzugt für (Cj-Cg)- Alkyl, insbesondere Methyl, Ethyl, n- oder iso-Propyl, n-, iso-, sec- oder tert.-Butyl, (Cj-C4)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C}-C6)-alkyl, wie beispielsweise Methoxy-, Ethoxy-, Propoxy-, Butoxycarbonyl-(C \ -C4)-alkyl, jeweils gegebenenfalls durch (C1-C4)- Alkyl und/oder (C]-C4)-Alkoxy substituiertes Phenyl- (C1-C4)-alkyl, Naphthyl-(C1-C4)alkyl, Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl oder Naphthyl. Besonders bevorzugt stehen R-3 und R^ unabhängig voneinander für unsubstituiertes Phenyl oder Naphthyl oder jeweils einfach bis dreifach durch Methyl, Ethyl, n-, iso- Propyl, Methoxy, Ethoxy, n- und/oder iso-Propoxy substituiertes Phenyl oder Naphthyl.R ^ and R ^ independently of one another preferably represent (Cj-Cg) alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, (Cj-C4) - Alkoxycarbonyl- (C} -C6) -alkyl, such as, for example, methoxy-, ethoxy-, propoxy-, butoxycarbonyl- (C \ -C4) -alkyl, in each case optionally by (C1-C4) -alkyl and / or (C] - C4) alkoxy substituted phenyl- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, naphthyl- (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or naphthyl. R-3 and R ^ are particularly preferably independently of one another unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl or in each case monosubstituted to triple by methyl, ethyl, n-, iso-propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n- and / or iso-propoxy-substituted phenyl or naphthyl.
R2 steht vorzugsweise für Wasserstoff, (Ci -Cg)- Alkyl, wie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n- oder iso-Propyl, n-, iso-, sec- oder tert.-Butyl, oder Chlor.R2 preferably represents hydrogen, (Ci-Cg) alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n- or isopropyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, or chlorine.
Derartige Verbindungen und deren Herstellung sind in US-A 4 923 774 für den Einsatz in der Elektrophotographie beschrieben, welche hiermit ausdrücklich alsSuch compounds and their preparation are described in US Pat. No. 4,923,774 for use in electrophotography, which are hereby expressly described as
Bestandteil der Beschreibung aufgenommen wird ("incorporated by reference"). Die Tris-Nitrophenyl-Verbindung kann beispielsweise durch allgemein bekannte kataly- tische Hydrierung beispielweise in Gegenwart von Raney-Nickel in die Tris-amino- phenyl-Verbindung überführt werden (Houben-Weyl 4/ IC, 14-102, Ullmann (4) 13, 135-148). Die Aminoverbindung wird in allgemein bekannter Weise mit substituierten Halogenbenzolen umgesetzt.Part of the description is included ("incorporated by reference"). The tris-nitrophenyl compound can be converted into the tris-aminophenyl compound, for example by generally known catalytic hydrogenation, for example in the presence of Raney nickel (Houben-Weyl 4 / IC, 14-102, Ullmann (4) 13 , 135-148). The amino compound is reacted in a generally known manner with substituted halogenobenzenes.
Beispielhaft seien folgende Verbindungen genannt:The following compounds may be mentioned by way of example:
Neben der tertiären Aminoverbindung können gegebenenfalls weitere Lochleiter, z.B. in Form einer Mischung mit der tertiären Aminoverbindung, zum Aufbau des elektrolumineszierenden Elementes eingesetzt werden. Dabei kann es sich einerseits um eine oder mehrere Verbindungen der Formel (II), wobei auch Gemische von Isomeren umfaßt werden, andererseits auch um Mischungen von lochtransportierenden Verbindungen mit Verbindungen von tertiären Aminoverbindungen - mit der allgemeinen Formel (II) - mit verschiedener Struktur handeln.In addition to the tertiary amino compound, further hole conductors, e.g. in the form of a mixture with the tertiary amino compound, used to build up the electroluminescent element. On the one hand, it can be one or more compounds of the formula (II), mixtures of isomers being included, on the other hand, it can also be mixtures of hole-transporting compounds with compounds of tertiary amino compounds - with the general formula (II) - with different structures.
Eine Zusammenstellung möglicher lochinjizierender und lochleitender Materialien ist in EP-A 0 532 798 angegeben.A compilation of possible hole-injecting and hole-conducting materials is given in EP-A 0 532 798.
Im Falle von Mischungen der aromatischen Amine können die Verbindungen in einem beliebigen Verhältnis eingesetzt werden.In the case of mixtures of the aromatic amines, the compounds can be used in any ratio.
Beispielhaft seien genannt: Materialien, die lochleitende Eigenschaften aufweisen und in reiner Form oder als Mischpartner zu den tertiären Aminoverbindungen eingesetzt werden können, sind beispielsweise die folgenden Verbindungen, wobei X1 bis X6 unabhängig voneinander für H, Halogen, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkoxy, Aryloxy stehen.Examples include: Materials which have hole-conducting properties and can be used in pure form or as mixing partners with the tertiary amino compounds are, for example, the following compounds, where X 1 to X 6 independently of one another represent H, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy.
Me = MethylMe = methyl
Diese und weitere Beispiele sind beschrieben in J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 6240-6248 und Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 66, No. 20, 2679-2681.These and other examples are described in J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 6240-6248 and Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 66, No. 20, 2679-2681.
Generell können verschiedene Amine mit unterschiedlicher Grundstruktur und/oder unterschiedlichen Substitutionsmustern gemischt werden.In general, different amines with different basic structures and / or different substitution patterns can be mixed.
X1 bis X6 stehen unabhängig voneinander vorzugsweise für Wasserstoff, Fluor, Chlor, Brom, (C]-C10)-, insbesondere (CrC4)- Alkyl oder -Alkoxy, Phenyl, Naphthyl, Phenoxy und/oder Naphthyloxy. Die aromatischen Ringe können ein-, zwei, drei- oder vierfach, gleich oder verschieden durch mindestens einen Rest X1 bis X6 substituiert sein. Die Polythiophene der wiederkehrenden Struktureinheit der Formel (I) sind bekannt (vgl. EP-A 0 440 958 und 0 339 340). Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen bzw. Lösungen ist in EP-A 0 440 957 und DE-A 42 11 459 beschrieben.X 1 to X 6 independently of one another preferably represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, (C ] -C 10 ) -, in particular (C r C 4 ) - alkyl or alkoxy, phenyl, naphthyl, phenoxy and / or naphthyloxy. The aromatic rings can be substituted one, two, three or four times, identically or differently, by at least one radical X 1 to X 6 . The polythiophenes of the recurring structural unit of the formula (I) are known (cf. EP-A 0 440 958 and 0 339 340). The preparation of the dispersions or solutions according to the invention is described in EP-A 0 440 957 and DE-A 42 11 459.
Die Polythiophene werden in der Dispersion bzw. Lösung bevorzugt in kationischer Form, wie sie z.B. durch Behandlung der neutralen Thiophene mit Oxidationsmitteln erhalten werden, eingesetzt. Übliche Oxidationsmittel wie Kaliumperoxodisulfat werden für die Oxidation verwendet. Durch die Oxidation erhalten die Polythiophene positive Ladungen, die in den Formeln nicht dargestellt sind, da ihre Zahl und ihre Position nicht einwandfrei feststellbar sind. Gemäß den Angaben in EP-A 0 339 340 können sie direkt auf Trägern hergestellt werden.The polythiophenes in the dispersion or solution are preferably in cationic form, as described e.g. obtained by treating the neutral thiophenes with oxidizing agents. Usual oxidizing agents such as potassium peroxodisulfate are used for the oxidation. The oxidation gives the polythiophenes positive charges, which are not shown in the formulas, since their number and their position cannot be determined properly. According to the information in EP-A 0 339 340, they can be produced directly on supports.
Vorzugsweise stehen Q1 und Q2 in Formel (I) für -(CH2)m-CH2- mit m = 1 bis 4, ganz besonders bevorzugt für Ethylen.Q 1 and Q 2 in formula (I) are preferably - (CH 2 ) m -CH 2 - with m = 1 to 4, very particularly preferably ethylene.
Bevorzugte kationische oder neutrale Polydioxythiophene sind aus Struktureinheiten der Formel (Ia) oder (Ib) aufgebautPreferred cationic or neutral polydioxythiophenes are composed of structural units of the formula (Ia) or (Ib)
woπn woπn
Q3 und Q4 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes (Cι-C18)- Alkyl, vorzugsweise (C]-C10)-, insbesondere (C C6)- Alkyl, (C - Cι2)-Alkenyl, vorzugsweise (C -C8)-Alkenyl, (C3-C7)-Cycloalkyl, vorzugsweise Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, (C7-Cj5)-Aralkyl, vorzugsweise Phenyl-(Cj- C )-alkyl, (C6-C10)-Aryl, vorzugsweise Phenyl, Naphthyl, (CrC18)- Alkoxy, vorzugsweise (Cι-Cιo)-Alkoxy, beispielsweise Methoxy, Ethoxy, n-oder iso- Propoxy oder (C2-Ci8)-Alkyloxyester steht undQ 3 and Q 4 independently of one another for hydrogen, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 18 ) alkyl, preferably (C] -C 10 ), in particular (CC 6 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 ) alkenyl, preferably ( C -C 8 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 7 -Cj 5 ) aralkyl, preferably phenyl (C j - C) alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, preferably phenyl, naphthyl, (C r C 18 ) alkoxy, preferably (-C-Cιo) alkoxy, for example methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy or (C 2 -Ci8) alkyloxy ester and
Q5 und Q6 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, mit jeweils mindestens einer Sulfonatgruppe substituiertes (Cι-Cι8)-Alkyl, vorzugsweise (C Cjo)-, insbesondere (CrC6)-Alkyl, (C2-C12)-Alkenyl, vorzugsweise (C2-C8)-Alkenyl, (C3-C7)-Cycloalkyl, vorzugsweise Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, (C7-Cι5)- Aralkyl, vorzugsweise Phenyl-(Cι-C4)-alkyl, (C6-C10)-Aryl, vorzugsweiseQ 5 and Q 6 independently of one another for hydrogen, each substituted with at least one sulfonate group (-CC 8 ) -alkyl, preferably (C Cjo) -, in particular (C r C 6 ) -alkyl, (C 2 -C 12 ) - Alkenyl, preferably (C 2 -C 8 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 7 -C 5 ) aralkyl, preferably phenyl (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, preferably
Phenyl, Naphthyl, (C]-C18)- Alkoxy, vorzugsweise (C Cjo)- Alkoxy, beispielsweise Methoxy, Ethoxy, n-oder iso-Propoxy oder (C2-C18)- Alkyloxyester steht, wobei falls Q5 für Wasserstoff steht, Q6 verschieden von Wasserstoff ist und umgekehrt,Phenyl, naphthyl, (C] -C 18 ) alkoxy, preferably (C Cjo) alkoxy, for example methoxy, ethoxy, n- or iso-propoxy or (C 2 -C 18 ) alkyloxy ester, where if Q 5 is Is hydrogen, Q 6 is different from hydrogen and vice versa,
n für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 10 000, vorzugsweise 5 bis 5 000 steht.n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
Besonders bevorzugt sind kationische bzw. neutrale Polythiophene der Formeln (Ia- l) und (Ib-l)Cationic or neutral polythiophenes of the formulas (Ia-1) and (Ib-I) are particularly preferred
worin wherein
Q5 und n die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben.Q 5 and n have the meaning given above.
Zur Kompensation der positiven Ladung enthält die kationische Form der Polythiophene Anionen, vorzugsweise Polyanionen.To compensate for the positive charge, the cationic form of the polythiophenes contains anions, preferably polyanions.
Als Polyanionen dienen vorzugsweise die Anionen von polymeren Carbonsäuren, wie Polyacrylsäuren, Polymethacrylsäure oder Polymaleinsäuren und polymeren Sulfonsäuren, wie Polystyrolsulfonsäuren und Polyvinylsulfonsäuren. Diese Polycarbon- und -sulfonsäuren können auch Copolymere von Vinylcarbon- und Vinylsulfonsäuren mit anderen polymerisierbaren Monomeren, wie Acrylsäureestern und Styrol, sein.The anions of polymeric carboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acids, polymethacrylic acid or polymaleic acids and polymeric sulfonic acids such as polystyrene sulfonic acids and polyvinyl sulfonic acids are preferably used as polyanions. These polycarbonic and sulfonic acids can also be copolymers of vinylcarbonic and vinylsulfonic acids with other polymerizable monomers, such as acrylic acid esters and styrene.
Besonders bevorzugt ist das Anion der Polystyrolsulfonsäure als Gegenion.The anion of the polystyrene sulfonic acid is particularly preferred as the counter ion.
Das Molekulargewicht der die Polyanionen liefernden Polysäuren beträgt vorzugsweise 1 000 bis 2 000 000, besonders bevorzugt 2 000 bis 500 000. Die Polysäuren oder ihre Alkalisalze sind im Handel erhältlich, z.B. Polystyrolsulfonsäuren undThe molecular weight of the polyacids providing the polyanions is preferably 1,000 to 2,000,000, particularly preferably 2,000 to 500,000. The polyacids or their alkali salts are commercially available, e.g. Polystyrene sulfonic acids and
Polyacrylsäuren, oder aber nach bekannten Verfahren herstellbar (siehe z.B. Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Bd. E 20 Makromolekulare Stoffe, Teil 2 (1987), S. 1 141 f). Anstelle der für die Bildung der Dispersionen aus Polydioxythiophenen und Polyanionen erforderlichen freien Polysäuren, kann man auch Gemische aus Alkalisalzen der Polysäuren und entsprechenden Mengen an Monosäuren einsetzen.Polyacrylic acids, or can be prepared by known processes (see, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. E 20 Macromolecular Substances, Part 2 (1987), p. 1 141 f). Instead of the free polyacids required for the formation of the dispersions from polydioxythiophenes and polyanions, it is also possible to use mixtures of alkali salts of the polyacids and corresponding amounts of monoacids.
Im Falle der Formel (Ib) und (Ib-1) tragen die Polydioxythiophene positive und negative Ladung in der Monomereinheit selbst.In the case of formula (Ib) and (Ib-1), the polydioxythiophenes carry positive and negative charges in the monomer unit itself.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Anordnungen enthalten gegebenenfalls als Bindemittel Polymere und/oder Copolymere wie z.B. Polycarbonate, Polyestercarbonate, Copolymere des Styrols wie SAN oder Styrolacrylate, Polysulfone, Polymerisate auf Basis vonThe arrangements according to the invention optionally contain polymers and / or copolymers such as e.g. Polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, copolymers of styrene such as SAN or styrene acrylates, polysulfones, polymers based on
Vinylgruppen-haltigen Monomeren wie z.B. Poly(meth)acrylate, Polyvinylpyrro- lidon, Polyvinylcarbazol, Vinylacetat- und Vinylalkoholpolymere und -copolymere, Polyolefine, cyclische Olelfincopolymere, Phenoxyharze usw. Es können auch Mischungen verschiedener Polymere eingesetzt werden. Die polymeren Binder weisen Molekulargewichte von 10 000 bis 2 000 00 g/mol auf, sind löslich und filmbildend und sind im sichtbaren Spektralbereich transparent. Sie sind z.B. beschrieben in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nc Ed. eine Wiley-Interscience-Publication. Sie werden üblicherweise in einer Menge bis zu 95, vorzugsweise bis zu 80 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der elektro- lumineszierenden Elemente, eingesetzt.Monomers containing vinyl groups, such as, for example, poly (meth) acrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylcarbazole, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol polymers and copolymers, polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers, phenoxy resins, etc. Mixtures of different polymers can also be used. The polymeric binders have molecular weights of 10,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, are soluble and film-forming and are transparent in the visible spectral range. They are described, for example, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2 nc Ed. a Wiley Interscience publication. They are usually used in an amount of up to 95, preferably up to 80,% by weight, based on the total weight of the electroluminescent elements.
Der Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkomplex ist vorzugsweise eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel (III) a bis (III) g The thiophene carboxylate metal complex is preferably a compound of the general formula (III) a to (III) g
worinwherein
Me für ein Metall steht,Me stands for a metal
Vj, V2, V3 und V4 für einen gegebenenfalls subsituierten und/oder gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylenrest oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten Thiophen- oder Oligothiophenrest steht,V j , V 2 , V 3 and V 4 represent an optionally substituted and / or optionally branched alkylene radical or an optionally substituted thiophene or oligothiophene radical,
V5 für einen Alkylenrest oder eine Einfachbindung steht,V 5 represents an alkylene radical or a single bond,
Z unabhängig in beiden Formen für Atome steht, die ein Molekülteil vervollständigen, der aus wenigstens 2 kondensierten Ringen besteht,Z stands independently in both forms for atoms which complete a part of the molecule which consists of at least 2 condensed rings,
Rj bis R20 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes (Cι-C16)- Alkyl oder (Cι-C]0)- Alkoxy steht, wobei im Falle der Alkoxysubstitution benachbarte Substituenten zu einem Ring verknüpft sein können,R j to R 20 independently of one another represent hydrogen or optionally substituted (-CC 16 ) alkyl or (-C-C ] 0 ) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
undand
für eine ganze Zahl steht. Generell können dreiwertige Metalle benutzt werden, von denen bekannt ist, daß sie Chelate bilden.stands for an integer. Trivalent metals which are known to form chelates can generally be used.
Das Metall kann Aluminium, Gallium, Indium oder ein Lanthanoid sein.The metal can be aluminum, gallium, indium or a lanthanoid.
Z vervollständigt ein heterocyclisches Molekülteil, das wenigstens aus zwei kondensierten Ringen besteht, von denen einer ein Azol- oder Azinring ist, wobei weitere zusätzliche aliphatische oder aromatische Ringe an die beiden annelierten Ringe angebunden sein können.Z completes a heterocyclic moiety that consists of at least two fused rings, one of which is an azole or azine ring, with additional additional aliphatic or aromatic rings attached to the two fused rings.
Für die Komponente steht besonders bevorzugt eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formeln (IΙI)h bis (IΙI)nThe component is particularly preferably a compound of the general formulas (IΙI) h to (IΙI) n
in welcherin which
R2 ] für besonders bevorzugt (C 1 -C j g)- Alkyl stehtR 2] stands for particularly preferred (C 1 -C jg) alkyl
undand
R22 bis R26 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff gegebenenfalls substituiertes (C]-Cι6)-Alkyl oder Acyl oder Halogen oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl oder Cyano oder Sulfonamid oder eine gegebenenfalls substituierte Aminogruppe stehen,R 22 to R 26 independently of one another for hydrogen optionally substituted (C ] -Cι 6 ) alkyl or acyl or halogen or optionally substituted Aryl or cyano or sulfonamide or an optionally substituted amino group,
R27 bis R40 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder gegebenenfalls substitu- iertes oder (Cj-Cj0)- Alkoxy steht, wobei im Falle der Alk- oxysubstitution benachbarte Substituenten zu einem Ring verknüpft sein können,R 27 to R 40 independently of one another are hydrogen or optionally substituted or (Cj-Cj 0 ) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
undand
Me steht für besonders bevorzugt AI, Ga, oder In.Me stands for particularly preferred Al, Ga, or In.
Für den Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkomplex steht ganz besonders bevorzugt eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formeln (III) h bis (III) nA compound of the general formulas (III) h to (III) n very particularly preferably stands for the thiophene carboxylate metal complex
in welcherin which
R 1 für ganz besonders bevorzugt (C 1 -C 10)- Alky 1 stehtR 1 is very particularly preferably (C 1 -C 10 ) -alkyl 1
undand
R22 bis R26 unabhängig voneinander ganz besonders bevorzugt für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes (C]-C]o)- Alkyl- oder Acyl oder Sulfonamid stehtR 22 to R 26 independently of one another very particularly preferably represent hydrogen, optionally substituted (C] -C] o) - alkyl- or acyl or sulfonamide
R27 bis R40 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes oder (C J-CJ O)- Alkoxy steht, wobei im Falle der Alk- oxysubstitution benachbarte Substituenten zu einem Ring verknüpft sein können,R 27 to R 40 are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted or (C J-CJ O) - alkoxy, where in the case of alkoxy substitution adjacent substituents can be linked to form a ring,
und Me ganz besonders bevorzugt für Ga steht,and Me very particularly preferably stands for Ga,
V3 und V4 ganz besonders für einen Alkylenrest steht,V3 and V 4 very particularly represent an alkylene radical,
V5 ganz besonders für eine direkte Verknüpfung steht,V 5 stands especially for a direct link,
für eine ganze Zahl ganz besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 10 steht.very particularly preferably represents an integer from 1 to 10.
Beispielhaft seien genannt:Examples include:
Es können eine oder mehrere Verbindungen der Formeln Bl bis B13 eingesetzt werden.One or more compounds of the formulas B1 to B13 can be used.
Die 8-Hydroxychinolin-Liganden sind teilweise käuflich bzw. können nach bekannten organisch-chemischen Verfahren hergestellt werden (R.G.W. Hallingshead, Voll, Chap.6, Butterworths, London (1954)). Die Metallkomplexe lassen sich ebenfalls nach bekannten Verfahren herstellen (L.S. Sapachak et al., J. Phys. Chem. 100, 177766 (1996) und H. Schmidbauer et al., Z. Naturforsch. 46b, 1065 (1991)).Some of the 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands are commercially available or can be prepared by known organic chemical processes (R.G.W. Hallingshead, Voll, Chap. 6, Butterworths, London (1954)). The metal complexes can also be prepared by known processes (L.S. Sapachak et al., J. Phys. Chem. 100, 177766 (1996) and H. Schmidbauer et al., Z. Naturforsch. 46b, 1065 (1991)).
Die Thiophen-Derivate sind teilweise käuflich bzw. können nach bekannten organisch-chemischen Verfahren hergestellt werden. Zur Herstellung des elektrolumineszierenden Elements wird der Thiophencarboxylat- Metallkomplex sowie gegebenenfalls die tertiäre Aminoverbindung und der Binder in einem geeigneten Lösemittel gelöst und durch Gießen, Rakeln oder Spincoating auf eine geeignete Unterlage aufgebracht. Der Metallkomplex kann gegebenenfalls aber auch separat als Schicht durch einen Aufdampfprozess aufgebracht werden. Bei der Unterlage kann es sich z.B. um Glas oder ein Kunststoffmaterial handeln, das mit einer transparenten Elektrode versehen ist. Als Kunststoffmaterial kann z.B. eine Folie aus Polycarbonat, Polyester wie Polyethylenterephthalat oder Polyethylen- naphthalat, Polysulfon oder Polyimid eingesetzt werden.Some of the thiophene derivatives are commercially available or can be prepared by known organic chemical processes. To produce the electroluminescent element, the thiophene carboxylate metal complex and, if appropriate, the tertiary amino compound and the binder are dissolved in a suitable solvent and applied to a suitable base by casting, knife coating or spin coating. However, the metal complex can optionally also be applied separately as a layer by means of a vapor deposition process. The base can be, for example, glass or a plastic material that is provided with a transparent electrode. For example, a film made of polycarbonate, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, polysulfone or polyimide can be used as the plastic material.
Als transparente Elektroden sind geeignetSuitable as transparent electrodes
a) Metalloxide, z.B. Indium-Zinn-Oxid (ITO), Zinnoxid (NESA), Zinkoxid, dotiertes Zinnoxid, dotiertes Zinkoxid, etc.,a) metal oxides, e.g. Indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), zinc oxide, doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, etc.,
b) semi-transparente Metallfime, z.B. Au, Pt, Ag, Cu etc.,b) semi-transparent metal films, e.g. Au, Pt, Ag, Cu etc.,
c) leitfähige Polymerfilme wie Polyaniline, Polythiophene, etc.c) conductive polymer films such as polyanilines, polythiophenes, etc.
Die Metalloxid- und die semitransparenten Metallfilmelektroden werden durchThe metal oxide and semi-transparent metal film electrodes are made by
Techniken wie Aufdampfen, Aufsputtern, Platinierung, etc., in dünner Schicht aufgebracht. Die leitfähigen Polymerfüme werden durch Techniken wie Spincoaten, Casting, Rakeln etc. aus der Lösung aufgebracht.Techniques such as vapor deposition, sputtering, platinum plating, etc., applied in a thin layer. The conductive polymer films are applied from the solution using techniques such as spin coating, casting, knife coating etc.
Die Dicke der transparenten Elektrode beträgt 3 nra bis etwa mehrere μm, vorzugsweise 10 nm bis 500 nra.The thickness of the transparent electrode is 3 nm to approximately several μm, preferably 10 nm to 500 nm.
Die elektrolumineszierende Schicht wird direkt auf die transparente Elektrode oder auf eine gegebenenfalls vorhandene ladungstransportierende Schicht als dünner Film aufgebracht. Die Dicke des Films beträgt 10 bis 500 nm, vorzugsweise 20 bisThe electroluminescent layer is applied directly to the transparent electrode or to a charge-transporting layer which may be present as a thin film. The thickness of the film is 10 to 500 nm, preferably 20 to
400 nm, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 250 nm. Auf die elektrolumineszierende Schicht kann eine weitere ladungstransportierende Schicht eingefügt werden, bevor eine Gegenelektrode aufgebracht wird.400 nm, particularly preferably 50 to 250 nm. A further charge-transporting layer can be inserted on the electroluminescent layer before a counterelectrode is applied.
Eine Zusammenstellung von geeigneten ladungstransportierenden Zwischenschichten, bei denen es sich um loch- und/oder elektronenleitenden Materialien handeln kann, die in polymerer oder niedermolekularer Form gegebenenfalls als Blend vorliegen können, ist in EP-A 0 532 798 aufgeführt. Besonders geeignet sind speziell substituierte Polythiophene, die über lochtransporierende Eigenschaften verfügen. Sie sind beispielsweise in EP-A 0 686 662 beschrieben.A compilation of suitable charge-transporting intermediate layers, which can be hole- and / or electron-conducting materials, which can optionally be present as a blend in polymeric or low molecular weight form, is listed in EP-A 0 532 798. Specially substituted polythiophenes which have hole-transporting properties are particularly suitable. They are described, for example, in EP-A 0 686 662.
Der Gehalt an niedermolekularem Lochleiter in einem polymeren Binder ist im Bereich von 2 bis 97 Gew.-% variierbar; bevorzugt beträgt der Gehalt 5 bis 95 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere 10 bis 85 Gew.-%. Die lochinjizierenden bzw. lochleitenden Zonen können mit verschiedenen Methoden deponiert werden.The content of low molecular hole conductor in a polymeric binder can be varied in the range from 2 to 97% by weight; the content is preferably 5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 90% by weight, in particular 10 to 85% by weight. The hole-injecting or hole-conducting zones can be deposited using various methods.
Filmbildende Lochleiter können auch in reiner Form (100 %ig) eingesetzt werden. Gegebenenfalls kann auch die lochinjizierende bzw. lochleitende Zone Anteile einer elektrolumineszierenden Substanz enthalten.Film-forming hole conductors can also be used in pure form (100%). If appropriate, the hole-injecting or hole-conducting zone can also contain portions of an electroluminescent substance.
Blends, die ausschließlich aus niedermolekularen Verbindungen bestehen, können aufgedampft werden; lösliche und filmbildende Blends, die neben niedermolekularen Verbindungen auch einen Binder enthalten können, können aus einer Lösung z.B. mittels Spin-Coating, Gießen, Rakeln deponiert werden.Blends that consist exclusively of low molecular weight compounds can be evaporated; Soluble and film-forming blends, which can also contain a binder in addition to low molecular weight compounds, can be obtained from a solution e.g. be deposited by means of spin coating, casting, knife coating.
Es ist auch möglich, emittierende und/oder elektronenleitende Substanzen in einer separaten Schicht auf die lochleitende Schicht aufzubringen. Dabei kann eine emittierende Substanz auch der die Verbindung (II) enthaltenden Schicht zudotiert ("Dopant") und zusätzlich eine elektronenleitende Substanz aufgebracht werden. Eine elektrolumineszierende Substanz kann auch der elektroneninjizierenden bzw. elektronenleitenden Schicht zugesetzt werden.It is also possible to apply emitting and / or electron-conducting substances to the hole-conducting layer in a separate layer. An emitting substance can also be doped into the layer containing the compound (II) (“dopant”) and an electron-conducting substance can also be applied. An electroluminescent substance can also be added to the electron-injecting or electron-conducting layer.
Der Gehalt an niedermolekularen Elektronenleitern im polymeren Binder ist im Be- reich von 2 bis 95 Gew.-% variierbar; bevorzugt beträgt der Gehalt 5 bis 90 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 85 Gew.-%. Filmbildende Elektronenleiter können auch in reiner Form (100 %ig) eingesetzt werden.The content of low-molecular electron conductors in the polymeric binder can be varied in the range from 2 to 95% by weight; the content is preferably 5 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 85% by weight. Film-forming electron conductors can also be used in pure form (100%).
Die Gegenelektrode besteht aus einer leitfähigen Substanz, die transparent sein kann. Vorzugsweise eignen sich Metalle, z.B. AI, Au, Ag, Mg, In, etc. oder Legierungen und Oxide dieser, die durch Techniken wie Aufdampfen, Aufsputtern, Platinierung aufgebracht werden können.The counter electrode consists of a conductive substance that can be transparent. Metals are preferably suitable, e.g. Al, Au, Ag, Mg, In, etc. or alloys and oxides thereof, which can be applied by techniques such as vapor deposition, sputtering, platinum plating.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung wird durch zwei elektrische Zuführungen (z.B. Metalldrähte) mit den beiden Elektroden in Kontakt gebracht.The arrangement according to the invention is brought into contact with the two electrodes by means of two electrical leads (e.g. metal wires).
Die Anordnungen emittieren beim Anlegen einer Gleichspannung im Bereich von 0J bis 100 Volt Licht der Wellenlänge von 200 bis 2000 nm. Sie zeigen im Bereich von 200 bis 2000 nm Photolumineszenz.When a direct voltage is applied in the range from 0J to 100 volts, the arrangements emit light of the wavelength from 200 to 2000 nm. They show photoluminescence in the range from 200 to 2000 nm.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Anordnungen sind zur Herstellung von Einheiten zur Beleuchtung und zur Informationsdarstellung geeignet. The arrangements according to the invention are suitable for producing units for lighting and for displaying information.
Beispiel 1example 1
Zu einer Lösung von 1,67 g (4 mmol) Gallium(III)-nitrat-Hydrat in 50 ml dest. Wasser tropft man eine Lösung von 1,27 g (8 mmol) umkristallisiertes 8-Hydroxy- chinaldin und 5,68 g (40 mmol) 2-Thiophenessigsäure in 150 ml dest. Wasser hinzu. Der ausfallende Niederschlag wird abgetrennt und mit Wasser gewaschen. Nach dem Trocknen erhält man einen gelben kristallinen Feststoff der blau fluoresziert.To a solution of 1.67 g (4 mmol) gallium (III) nitrate hydrate in 50 ml dist. A solution of 1.27 g (8 mmol) of recrystallized 8-hydroxyquininaldine and 5.68 g (40 mmol) of 2-thiophenacetic acid in 150 ml of dist. Add water. The precipitate is separated off and washed with water. After drying, a yellow crystalline solid is obtained which fluoresces blue.
Ausbeute: 0,86 g (1,63 mmol = 40,8 % der Theorie). Yield: 0.86 g (1.63 mmol = 40.8% of theory).
Beispiel 2Example 2
Zu einer Lösung von 1,67 g (4 mmol) Gallium(III)-nitrat-Hydrat in 50 ml dest. Wasser tropft man eine Lösung von 1,27 g (8 mmol) umkristallisiertes 8-Hydroxy- chinaldin und 6,0 g (40 mmol) 2-Thiophencarbonsäure-Natriumsalz in 100 ml dest. Wasser hinzu. Der ausfallende Niederschlag wird abgetrennt und mit Wasser gewaschen. Nach dem Trocknen erhält man einen gelben kristallinen Feststoff der blau fluoresziert. Ausbeute: 0,97 g (1 ,9 mmol = 47,2 % der Theorie). To a solution of 1.67 g (4 mmol) gallium (III) nitrate hydrate in 50 ml dist. A solution of 1.27 g (8 mmol) of recrystallized 8-hydroxyquininaldine and 6.0 g (40 mmol) of 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid sodium salt in 100 ml of dist. Add water. The precipitate is separated off and washed with water. After drying, a yellow crystalline solid is obtained which fluoresces blue. Yield: 0.97 g (1.9 mmol = 47.2% of theory).
Beispiel 3Example 3
Zu einer Lösung von 1,67 g (4 mmol) Gallium(III)-nitrat-Hydrat in 150 ml dest. Wasser tropft man eine Lösung von 1,27 g (8 mmol) umkristallisiertes 8-Hydroxy- chinaldin und 5,0 g (26,8 mmol) 3-Thienylmalonsäure in 150 ml dest. Wasser hinzu. Der Niederschlag wird abgetrennt und mit Wasser gewaschen. Nach dem Trocknen erhält man einen gelben kristallinen Feststoff der gelb-grün fluoresziert.To a solution of 1.67 g (4 mmol) gallium (III) nitrate hydrate in 150 ml dist. A solution of 1.27 g (8 mmol) of recrystallized 8-hydroxyquininaldine and 5.0 g (26.8 mmol) of 3-thienylmalonic acid in 150 ml of dist. Add water. The precipitate is separated off and washed with water. After drying, a yellow crystalline solid is obtained which fluoresces yellow-green.
Ausbeute: 0,51 g (0,53 mmol = 26,5 % der Theorie). Yield: 0.51 g (0.53 mmol = 26.5% of theory).
Beispiele, Physikalischer Teil:Examples, physical part:
Beispiel 1example 1
Die erfindungsgemäße Substanz B4 wird zum Aufbau einer organischen LeuchtdiodeSubstance B4 according to the invention is used to build up an organic light emitting diode
(OLED) genutzt. Bei der Herstellung der OLED wird folgendermaßen vorgegangen:(OLED) used. The OLED is manufactured as follows:
1. Reinigung des ITO-Substrats1. Cleaning the ITO substrate
ITO-beschichtetes Glas (Merck Balzers AG, FL, Part. No. 253 674 XO) wird in 50 mm x 50 mm-große Stücke (Substrate) geschnitten. Die Substrate werden anschließend in 3 %iger wäßriger Mukasollösung im Ultraschalbad 15 min lang gereinigt. Danach werden die Substrate mit destilliertem Wasser gespült und in einer Zentrifuge trocken geschleudert. Dieser Spül- und Trockenvorgang wird 10 mal wiederholt.ITO-coated glass (Merck Balzers AG, FL, Part No. 253 674 XO) is cut into 50 mm x 50 mm pieces (substrates). The substrates are then cleaned in a 3% aqueous mucasol solution in an ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The substrates are then rinsed with distilled water and spun dry in a centrifuge. This rinsing and drying process is repeated 10 times.
2. Aufbringen der ®Baytron P-Schicht auf das ITC)2. Application of the ®Baytron P layer on the ITC)
Etwa 10 ml der 1,3 %igen Polyethylendioxythiophen/Polysulphonsäure-Lö- sung (Bayer AG, Baytron P) werden filtriert (Millipore HV, 0,45 μm). Das Substrat wird anschließend auf eine Lackschleuder gelegt und die filtrierte Lösung wird auf der ITO-beschichteten Seite des Substrats verteilt.About 10 ml of the 1.3% polyethylene dioxythiophene / polysulphonic acid solution (Bayer AG, Baytron P) are filtered (Millipore HV, 0.45 μm). The substrate is then placed on a spin coater and the filtered solution is distributed on the ITO-coated side of the substrate.
Anschließend wird die überstehende Lösung durch Rotation des Tellers bei 500 U/min über den Zeitraum von 3 min abgeschleudert. Danach wird das so beschichtete Substrat 5 min lang bei 110°C auf einer Heizplatte getrocknet. Die Schichtdicke beträgt 60 nm (Tencor, Alphastep 200).The supernatant solution is then spun off by rotating the plate at 500 rpm over a period of 3 minutes. The substrate coated in this way is then dried on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. The layer thickness is 60 nm (Tencor, Alphastep 200).
3. Aufbringen der lochleitenden Schicht3. Application of the hole-conducting layer
5 ml einer 1 ,0 %igen THF-Lösung des Phenylamins (Agfa-Gevaert, Verbindung AI) werden filtriert (Millipore HV, 0,45 μm) und auf der getrockneten Baytron P Schicht verteilt. Anschließend wird die überstehende Lösung durch Rotation des Tellers bei 500 U/min 60 sec lang abgeschleudert. Danach wird das so beschichtete Substrat 5 min lang bei 1 10°C auf einer Heizplatte getrocknet. Die Gesamtschichtdicke beträgt 150 nm.5 ml of a 1.0% THF solution of the phenylamine (Agfa-Gevaert, compound AI) are filtered (Millipore HV, 0.45 μm) and distributed on the dried Baytron P layer. The supernatant solution is then spun off by rotating the plate at 500 rpm for 60 seconds. After that the substrate thus coated was dried on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. The total layer thickness is 150 nm.
4. Aufdampfen der lichtemittierenden/elektroneninjizierenden Schicht Auf die so hergestellten zwei organischen Schichten wird eine dritte organische Schicht, nämlich die erfindungsgemäße Substanz B4, thermisch gedampft. Dies wird in einer Aufdampfanlage (Leybold, Univex 350) durchgeführt. Der Druck in der Aufdampfanlage beträgt während des Aufdampfens 10"3 Pa und die Aufdampfrate beträgt 2 Ä sec. Die Gesamtschichtdicke der 3 organischen Schichten beträgt 200 nm.4. Evaporation of the light-emitting / electron-injecting layer A third organic layer, namely the substance B4 according to the invention, is thermally evaporated onto the two organic layers thus produced. This is done in a vapor deposition system (Leybold, Univex 350). The pressure in the vapor deposition system is 10 " 3 Pa during the vapor deposition and the vapor deposition rate is 2 Å sec. The total layer thickness of the 3 organic layers is 200 nm.
5. Aufdampfen der Metallkathode5. Evaporation of the metal cathode
Auf das organische Schichtsystem wird eine Metallelektrode gedampft. Dazu wird das Substrat mit dem organischen Schichtsystem nach unten auf eine Lochmaske (Lochdurchmesser 5 mm) gelegt. Aus zwei Aufdampfschiffchen werden bei einem Druck von 10~3 Pa parallel die Elemente Mg und Ag verdampft. Die Aufdampfraten betragen für Mg: 28 Ä/sec. Die Dicke der aufgedampften Metallkontakte beträgt 500 nm.A metal electrode is vaporized onto the organic layer system. For this purpose, the substrate is placed with the organic layer system down on a shadow mask (hole diameter 5 mm). The elements Mg and Ag are evaporated in parallel from two evaporation boats at a pressure of 10 ~ 3 Pa. The evaporation rates for Mg are: 28 Ä / sec. The thickness of the vapor-deposited metal contacts is 500 nm.
Die beiden Elektroden der organischen LED werden über elektrische Zufülirungen mit einer Spannungsquelle verbunden. Der positive Pol ist mit der ITO-Elektrode, der negative Pol ist mit der MgAg-Elektrode verbunden.The two electrodes of the organic LED are connected to a voltage source via electrical fillings. The positive pole is connected to the ITO electrode, the negative pole is connected to the MgAg electrode.
Bereits ab einer Spannung von 6 Volt läßt sich mit einer Photodiode (EG&G C30809E) Elektrolumineszenz nachweisen. Bei einer Spannung von 10 Volt fließt ein Flächenstrom von 1 mA/cm2 und die Elektrolumineszenz ist gut sichtbar. Die Farbe der Elektrolumineszenz hat den Farbort x = 0,3322; y = 0,4570 (gemessen bei 20 V) (Spektrometer: CDI-PDA, Sentronic GmbH). Electroluminescence can be detected with a photodiode (EG&G C30809E) from a voltage of 6 volts. At a voltage of 10 volts, an area current of 1 mA / cm 2 flows and the electroluminescence is clearly visible. The color of the electroluminescence has the color location x = 0.3322; y = 0.4570 (measured at 20 V) (spectrometer: CDI-PDA, Sentronic GmbH).

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung, aufgebaut aus einem Substrat, einer Anode, einem elektrolumineszierenden Element und einer Kathode, wobei wenigstens eine der beiden Elektroden im sichtbaren Spektralbereich transparent ist und das elektrolumineszierende Element eine oder mehrere Zonen aus der Gruppe der lochinjizierenden Zone, lochtransportierende Zone, elektrolumineszierenden Zone, elektronentransportierenden Zone und elektroneninjizierenden Zone in der genannten Reihenfolge enthält, wobei jede der vorhandenen Zonen auch Aufgaben der anderen genannten Zonen übernehmen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elektrolumineszierende Element einen Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkomplex enthält.Electroluminescent arrangement, composed of a substrate, an anode, an electroluminescent element and a cathode, at least one of the two electrodes being transparent in the visible spectral range and the electroluminescent element being one or more zones from the group of the hole-injecting zone, hole-transporting zone, electroluminescent zone, contains electron-transporting zone and electron-injecting zone in the order mentioned, each of the zones present also being able to take on tasks of the other zones mentioned, characterized in that the electroluminescent element contains a thiophene carboxylate metal complex.
2. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die lochinjizierende Zone ein neutrales oder kationisches Poly- thiophen der Formel (I) enthält,2. Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole-injecting zone contains a neutral or cationic polythiophene of the formula (I),
Q " Q' O OQ "Q 'O O
(I) ,(I),
wobeiin which
Q und Q2- unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes (Cι-C2θ)- lkyl, CH2OH oder (Cg-C^-Aryl stehen oderQ and Q 2 - independently of one another are hydrogen, optionally substituted (Cι-C2θ) - alkyl, CH2OH or (Cg-C ^ aryl or
Q und Q2 zusammen -(CH2)m-CH2- mit m = 0 bis 12, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5, (Cg-C^-Arylen bedeuten, und n für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 10 000, vorzugsweise 5 bis 5 000 steht.Q and Q 2 together represent - (CH2) m -CH2- with m = 0 to 12, preferably 1 to 5, (Cg-C ^ -arylene, and n is an integer from 2 to 10,000, preferably 5 to 5,000.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lochinjizierende Zone ein neutrales oder kationisches Poly- thiophen der Formel (Ia) oder (Ib) oder ein Gemisch enthält,Electroluminescent arrangements according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hole-injecting zone contains a neutral or cationic polythiophene of the formula (Ia) or (Ib) or a mixture,
worin wherein
Q3 und Q4 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes (CrC18)-Alkyl, (C2-C12)-Alkenyl, (C3-C7)-Cycloalkyl, (C7- C15)-Aralkyl, (C6-C10)-Aryl, (CrC18)- Alkoxy oder (C2-C18)-Alkyl- oxyester steht undQ 3 and Q 4 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted (C r C 18 ) alkyl, (C 2 -C 12 ) alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, (C 7 - C 15 ) aralkyl , (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl, (C r C 18 ) alkoxy or (C 2 -C 18 ) alkyloxy ester and
Q5 und Q6 unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, mit jeweils mindestens einer Sulfonatgruppe substituiertes (Cι-Cj8)-Alkyl, (C2-Cj2)-Alkenyl, (C3-C7)-Cycloalkyl, (C7-C15)-Aralkyl, (C6-C , 0)-Aryl, (C, -C1 8)-Alk- oxy oder (C2-Cι 8)-Alkyloxyester steht, wobei falls Q5 für Wasserstoff steht, Q6 verschieden von Wasserstoff ist und umgekehrt,Q 5 and Q 6 independently of one another for hydrogen, each substituted with at least one sulfonate group (-CC 8 ) -alkyl, (C 2 -C j2 ) -alkenyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) -cycloalkyl, (C 7 -C 15 ) aralkyl, (C 6 -C, 0 ) aryl, (C, -C 1 8 ) alkoxy or (C 2 -C 8 ) alkyloxy ester, where Q 5 is hydrogen, Q 6 is different from hydrogen and vice versa,
für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 10 000 steht. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kationischen bzw. neutralen Polythiophene der Formeln (Ia- 1) und (Ib-1) entsprechen,represents an integer from 2 to 10,000. Electroluminescent arrangements according to Claim 3, characterized in that the cationic or neutral polythiophenes correspond to the formulas (Ia- 1) and (Ib-1),
worin wherein
Q5 und n in Anspruch 3 angegebene Bedeutung haben.Q 5 and n have the meaning given in claim 3.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Polyanionen die Anionen von polymeren Carbonsäuren und/oder polymeren Sulfonsäuren enthalten sind.Electroluminescent arrangements according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the anions of polymeric carboxylic acids and / or polymeric sulfonic acids are contained as polyanions.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnungen gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Gegenion Polystyrolsulfonsäure und/oder ein Erdalkalisalz davon enthalten ist.Electroluminescent arrangements according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that polystyrene sulfonic acid and / or an alkaline earth salt thereof is contained as the counter ion.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lochinjizierende und/oder lochtransportierende Zone eine aromatische tertiäre Aminoverbindung der allgemeinen Formel (II) enthält Electroluminescent arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hole-injecting and / or hole-transporting zone contains an aromatic tertiary amino compound of the general formula (II)
in welcherin which
R2 für Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Alkyl oder Halogen steht,R 2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or halogen,
R3 und R^ unabhängig voneinander für gegebenenfalls substituiertes (C\_ C-[θ)-Alkyl, Alkoxycarbonyl-substituiertes (Cj-Cio)- Alkyl, jeweils gegebenenfalls substituiertes Aryl, Aralkyl oder Cycloalkyl stehen.R3 and R ^ independently of one another optionally substituted (C \ _ C- [θ) alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl-substituted (Cj-Cio) alkyl, each optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Formel (II)Electroluminescent arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that in formula (II)
R2 für Wasserstoff oder (C -Cg)-Alky 1 steht,R 2 represents hydrogen or (C -Cg) -alkyl 1,
R-> und R4 unabhängig voneinander für (Cι-Cg)-Alkyl, (C- -C4)-Alkoxycarb- onyl-(C*j-C6)-alkyl, jeweils gegebenenfalls durch (C1-C4)- Alkyl und/oder (Cι -C4)-Alkoxy substituiertes Phenyl, Naphthyl, Phenyl- (Cj-C4)-alkyl, Naphthyl-(Cι-C )-alkyl, Cyclopentyl oder Cyclohexyl stehen.R-> and R4 independently of one another for (-C-Cg) -alkyl, (C- -C4) -alkoxycarb- onyl- (C * j-C6) -alkyl, in each case optionally through (C1-C4) -alkyl and / or (-C -C4) alkoxy substituted phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl- (C j -C4) alkyl, naphthyl- (Cι-C) alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die tertiäre Aminoverbindung ausgewählt ist aus den folgenden Verbindungen: Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the tertiary amino compound is selected from the following compounds:
44-44-
-45-45
-46-46
47 47
48-48-
-58- -58-
0. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkomplex eine Verbindung ausgewählt aus den allgemeinen Formel (III) a bis (III) g ist0. Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the thiophenecarboxylate metal complex is a compound selected from the general formula (III) a to (III) g
worinwherein
Me für ein Metall steht, Vj, V2, V3 und V4 für einen gegebenenfalls subsituierten und/oder gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylenrest oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten Thiophen- oder Oligothiophenrest steht,Me stands for a metal V j , V 2 , V 3 and V 4 represent an optionally substituted and / or optionally branched alkylene radical or an optionally substituted thiophene or oligothiophene radical,
V5 für einen Alkylenrest oder eine Einfachbindung steht,V 5 represents an alkylene radical or a single bond,
Z für Atome steht, die ein Molekülteil vervollständigen, der wenigstens aus 2 kondensierten Ringen besteht,Z represents atoms which complete a part of the molecule which consists of at least 2 condensed rings,
R\ bis Rjn unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder gegebenenfalls substituiertes (Ci-Cig)- Alkyl oder (C Cin)- Alkoxy steht,R \ to R j n independently of one another represent hydrogen or optionally substituted (Ci-Cig) - alkyl or (C Cin) - alkoxy,
undand
n für eine ganze Zahl steht.n stands for an integer.
1 1. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Me für ein dreiwertiges Metall steht, das Chelate bildet.1 1. Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that Me stands for a trivalent metal that forms chelates.
12. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen oder mehrere transparente polymere Binder enthält und der transparente Binder ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe Polycarbonate, Polyestercarbonate, Copolymere des Styrols, Polysulfone, Polymerisate auf Basis von Vinylgruppen-haltigen Monomeren, Polyolefine, cyclische Olefincopolymere und Phenoxyharze.12. Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains one or more transparent polymeric binders and the transparent binder is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, copolymers of styrene, polysulfones, polymers based on monomers containing vinyl groups, polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers and phenoxy resins.
13. Elektrolumineszierende Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Thiophencarboxylat-Metallkomplex ausgewählt ist aus den folgenden Verbindungen: 13. Electroluminescent arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the thiophenecarboxylate metal complex is selected from the following compounds:
EP99942899A 1998-09-02 1999-08-23 Electro-luminescent arrangements with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes Withdrawn EP1114474A1 (en)

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DE19839947A DE19839947A1 (en) 1998-09-02 1998-09-02 Electroluminescent devices with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes
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PCT/EP1999/006151 WO2000014815A1 (en) 1998-09-02 1999-08-23 Electro-luminescent arrangements with thiophene carboxylate metal complexes

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