EP1113708A2 - Led driver circuit and method - Google Patents
Led driver circuit and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1113708A2 EP1113708A2 EP00311207A EP00311207A EP1113708A2 EP 1113708 A2 EP1113708 A2 EP 1113708A2 EP 00311207 A EP00311207 A EP 00311207A EP 00311207 A EP00311207 A EP 00311207A EP 1113708 A2 EP1113708 A2 EP 1113708A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- emitting diodes
- voltage
- pwm controller
- pwm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
- H05B45/46—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
- H05B45/18—Controlling the intensity of the light using temperature feedback
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/58—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving end of life detection of LEDs
Definitions
- This invention relates to driver circuits used for light emitting diodes, and more particularly, this invention relates to a driver circuit used for an array of light emitting diodes, such as used in the rear combination lamps of automobiles.
- Automobiles typically use standard bulbs in the stop-tail-turn combination lamps located at the rear of automobiles. Although sophisticated electronic switching circuits are used to respond quickly to a signal input, such as derived from a brake pedal depression, a normal lamp could still take 250 milliseconds or more to light, which at high speeds could cause 15 to 17 feet of potential error from the time the initial brake pedal was depressed to the time someone viewing the lit lamp has traveled. Additionally, prior art circuits typically were cumbersome in design. It is more desirable to design systems using light emitting diodes that respond quickly and light faster. However, some light emitting diode circuits were complicated when the light emitting diodes were used in the brake-tail-turn combination lamps and other automobile lamps.
- an LED drive circuit includes an array of light emitting diodes and a transistor connected to the array.
- a PWM controller has an input for receiving a voltage reference and an output connected to the transistor for driving the transistor and setting a PWM duty cycle for the light emitting diodes to determine the brightness of light emitting diodes.
- An oscillator is connected to the PWM controller for driving the PWM controller.
- a lamp outage detection circuit is connected to the PWM controller and transistor for determining when a selected number of light emitting diodes are inoperative.
- the lamp outage detection circuit can comprise a sensing resistor connected to the array of light emitting diodes.
- An input buffer circuit is connected to the PWM controller and receives voltage signal inputs operative to turn on light emitting diodes based on selected operations such as braking an automobile.
- the voltage signal inputs in one aspect of the present invention, can comprise tail, stop and turn signal inputs.
- a resistor divider circuit provides a reference voltage to the PWM controller.
- the transistors, PWM controller and oscillator are monolithically formed as one integrated circuit chip.
- the transistor can comprise field effect transistors. In one aspect, a plurality of arrays having respective transistors are disclosed.
- the LED driver circuit comprises a plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes and a transistor connected to each of the respective arrays of light emitting diodes.
- a PWM controller has an input for receiving a voltage reference and an output connected to selected transistors for driving selected transistors and setting a PWM duty cycle for selected arrays of light emitting diodes for determining brightness of light emitting diodes.
- a feedback loop circuit is connected to the light emitting diodes and has a switching controller operatively connected to a source of voltage and reference voltage for sensing and regulating a load voltage.
- An oscillator is connected to the PWM controller and the switching controller for driving the PWM controller and switching controller.
- a method is disclosed of driving a plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes and comprises the steps of driving selected transistors connected to each of respective arrays of light emitting diodes by setting a PWM duty cycle within an oscillator driven PWM controller connected to the selected transistors for determining brightness of the light emitting diodes.
- the method further comprises the step of detecting when a light emitting diode is inoperative by sensing resistors connected to each respective light emitting diode.
- the method further comprises the step of receiving voltage signals within an input buffer circuit indicative of what combination of arrays of light emitting diodes should be lit.
- a method of driving an array of light emitting diodes comprises the steps of driving selected transistors that are connected to respective light emitting diodes by setting a PWM duty cycle within an oscillator driven PWM controller connected to the selected transistors of selected arrays of light emitting diodes to determine brightness of the light emitting diodes, and sensing a regulating load voltage by a switching controller located within a feedback loop circuit of the arrays of light emitting diodes.
- the present invention is advantageous because it embodies discrete functionality while implementing an LED array driver. Although the description will proceed with reference specifically to the rear combination lamps (tail, stop and turn signal) of an automobile, the present invention can easily be adapted to encompass front parking and turn signal lamps.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a monolithically formed LED driver circuit 10 in accordance with the present invention.
- the integrated circuit portion is shown generally by the rectangular line 12 indicating the integrated circuit that is monolithically formed and having discrete components formed by techniques known to those skilled in the art of semiconductor processing.
- the monolithic integrated circuit chip having discrete components can form a module that is useful for rapid connection to a wiring harness.
- a plurality of arrays 14 , 16 and 18 of light emitting diodes, such as the turn, stop and tail LED's, are positioned at the rear portion 20 of an automobile. It is also possible to drive the front combination lamps as well, e.g., turn, brake and cornering lamps.
- An example of an LED array is shown in FIG. 2 where 15 light emitting diodes 22 are connected together in a series and parallel combination.
- the drive circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes the arrays 14, 16, 18 of light emitting diodes 22 and a respective transistor 24, 26, 28 in the form of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) connected to each respective array of light emitting diodes via a biasing resistor 30 .
- the integrated circuit includes the appropriate turn, stop and tail drive pins 32, 34, 36 as shown.
- a PWM controller 38 has an input 38a for receiving a voltage reference and an output 38b connected to selected transistors for driving selected transistors 26, 28 and setting a PWM duty cycle for selected arrays of light emitting diodes to determine the brightness of light emitting diodes.
- a reference signal is provided by a voltage divider circuit 40 that connects via a control pin 42 to the PWM controller.
- a TS-PWM pin 44 provides a three-state input that determines the control logic for the PWM controller 38 of the tail and stop LED arrays 16, 18 .
- the control pin 42 is used to set the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) frequency in conjunction with voltage provided by the voltage divider circuit 40 .
- stop and tail input pins 50, 52, 54 are brought high via input signals to activate the integrated circuit and drive and turn or stop the LED array.
- the pins 50, 52 , 54 connect to a signal input buffer 56 , which in turn, connects to the PWM controller 38 in the case of the stop and tail signals and to a lamp outage detect circuit 58 in the case of the turn signal.
- a lamp out pin 60 connects to the lamp out detect circuit 58 and is an active, pull-down signal in fault condition, and a pull-down when there is no fault.
- An oscillator 62 is connected to the PWM controller 38 for driving the PWM controller.
- the lamp outage detect circuit 58 also connects to the respective transistors 24, 26, 28 and the appropriate tail, stop and turn sensing resistors 62, 64, 66 that connect to the transistors and respective current sensing pins 62a, 64a, 66a used to determine a lamp out condition with respective turn, stop and tail LED arrays 14, 16, 18 .
- the drive circuit 10 as a whole is grounded via ground pin 68 .
- a feedback loop circuit 70 is connected to the arrays of light emitting diodes.
- a switching controller 72 forms part of a switched mode supply and is operatively connected to a source of supply voltage labeled B+ or "battery plus" at pin 74 and a reference voltage supply 76 for sensing and regulating the load voltage.
- the reference voltage supply 76 connects to the switching controller 72 via a reference pin 78 and a comparator circuit 80 .
- the feedback loop circuit 70 includes a low side P-OUT driver pin 82 for the primary of a switching voltage regulator 84 , capacitor 86 and diode 88 and a field effect transistor 90 and comparator circuit 92 .
- a thermal protection circuit 94 connects to the switching controller 72 .
- a series of thermal compensation diodes 96 are connected in the feedback loop circuit to voltage divider 98 and feedback pin 99 to provide a ramp down of voltage to the light emitting diodes when a predetermined temperature is reached.
- the device power shown in FIG. 1 can be driven by a separate supply or can use a diode or'ed supply from either of the three inputs 50, 52, 54 , i.e., turn, stop or tail.
- This configuration makes the system compatible with integrated lighting control modules or existing wiring harnesses that are simple in construction.
- the input buffers 56 accept 0V to vehicle battery voltages as inputs. Any of the inputs going high causes the device to power up.
- pins can be tied together.
- the stop and turn signal inputs 50, 52 can be tied together (or one ignored) when the customer implements the same set of LED's for both functions.
- the PWM controller 38 provides the PWM duty cycle for the tail lamp (tail lamp array 18 ) function.
- the CNTL pin 42 provides a voltage level into the PWM controller 38 to set the percent duty cycle used for the tail lamp function. Having this function adjustable provides for various application requirements.
- % DC K 1 V REF ( R C2 ) R C1 + R C2
- K 1 TBD ( 1 v )
- a thermal detection circuit formed from diodes 96 is intended to provide protection and work as a shut down circuit for the light emitting diode arrays.
- the light emitting diode lifetime is greatly reduced at or above 100°C.
- This circuit provides a ramp down of the supply voltage to the diodes when the 100°C limit is reached. This greatly increases the lifetime of each diode array.
- Temperature compensation is arranged by the diodes located in the feedback loop circuit having the switching controller.
- the lamp outage detect circuit 58 synchronizes a driver "on" command with the current measured in a driver leg of the field effect transistors. This compensates for any level of a chosen PWM factor. A timer could be added to the circuit to ensure that no false lamp outage indications are detected.
- the outputs of this circuit can be open collector type of signals.
- the only way to detect a lamp outage was to separate the LED's in several sets of series diodes. This prior art system was unreliable and costly.
- the driven LED arrays are each a matrix array where diodes are connected in parallel and in series. Any sensing of current changes from a single diode outage is difficult and not necessary.
- the LED array can have as many as 50% of the array out before there is a need to report that a faulted array is present.
- the other aspect of the LED in this type of an array is that as LED's burn out, the other LED's could burn out because the LED's carrying the load causing them to be hotter. As they heat up, they tend to fail sooner. Thus, when a few LED's burn out, it will not be long until other LED's burn out, causing more than 50% of the array to fail.
- a sensing resistor 30 is used for each "lamp" function, STOP, TAIL and TURN. This allows for fairly accurate lamp outage detection without having a false outage reporting. Reporting the failure can occur in a number of ways in accordance with the present invention.
- a first manner of reporting a failure is ordering the three failure signals together and using a dedicated signal pin 32 , 34 , 36 .
- Another technique would be to use the inputs themselves as bidirectional pins.
- the switching controller circuit 72 in FIG. 1 is a standard sepic converter that senses and regulates the load voltage. The load voltage level can be determined by the comparison of the feedback (FDBK) voltage with the reference (REF) voltage.
- the LED drivers are unprotected MOSFETs 24 , 26 , 28 with an Rds(on) based on the thermal limitations of the system.
- the limiting resistors R LT , R LB and R LN are designed to set the current in the respective LED arrays. These values are specific to the array, which allows for flexibility in lamp configuration. Where the brake and turn signals can be tied together, they can share a common set of LED's.
- Table I illustrates an example of possible configurations of the present invention with the appropriate input and output connections.
- TAIL Tail input pin.
- TAIL When brought high, TAIL activates the IC and drives the tail LED array 18.
- Maximum current draw should be about 10 mA.
- the control is used to set the Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) DF.
- TS-PWM Tail/Stop PWM control pin.
- the tail/stop is used to control which functions (tail, stop, or both) are pulse width modulated when the TAIL pin is actuated.
- functions tail, stop, or both
- An example of a logic table for this control is shown below in Table II.
- Tail Only PWM PWM Stop Only OFF ON Tail and Stop PWM ON Ref (V floating)
- LMP-OUT Lamp-out pin.
- the lamp-out is used to indicate the failure of any individual function (TAIL, STOP, or TURN).
- a fault will be detected only when the input for that function (TURN, STOP, or TAIL) is brought to V B and when the voltage at pin TA-L, ST-L, or TR-L drops below some designated level.
- a failure shall be indicated by bringing the LMP-OUT pin to logic low.
- Minimum current to be sourced shall be 100 mA.
- the LMP-OUT pin 60 is used to indicate if an RCL of the type known to those skilled in the art is connected to the vehicle's electrical system. This shall be accomplished by having logic high as the normal state of LMP-OUT. While in the logic high state, the LMP-OUT pin can source a maximum of 10 mA, such that if the LMP-OUT functions for two RCL's can be attached in parallel, a failure will be indicated if either lamp fails.
- P-OUT Power output pin.
- the P-OUT pin is used to drive the switching power supply transformer/inductor to the LED's.
- P-OUT should be coupled to the LED arrays by the transformer/capacitor (Sepic topology) circuit 84,86 as shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1.
- a positive battery connection pin allows power to be supplied to the circuit.
- the inputs should be compatible with pulse-width-modulated input having a maximum frequency of 200 Hz, and a minimum DF of 10%.
- the voltage supplied can vary as a function of temperature as shown in FIG. 4. The transition point should be controlled to about ⁇ 20°C.
- the driver circuit typically will shut down as abruptly as possible once an internal junction temperature of 150 +/- 20 °C has been exceeded. There can be a minimum hysteresis of 10°C, before the device returns to operation to prevent the lamp from flickering when TJ LDMIC @ 150°C.
- the device can be designed to supply constant current to the LED arrays.
- the slope of the curve in this range should be approximately -2 mV/°C times the number of LED's in series within each array, e.g., for five LEDs in series, the slope should be about -10 mV/°C.
- the slope of this line can be set by the external, thermal-compensation diodes in the feedback loop circuit as shown in FIG. 1.
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Abstract
Description
Configuration | Input Connection | Output Connection |
Tail, Stop, Turn utilizing separate LED arrays | All inputs separated | All outputs separated |
Stop & Tail utilizing the same LED array with the Turn LED array separated | All inputs separated | Stop and Tail outputs tied together. Turn separate. |
Stop, Tail and Turn utilizing same LED's | All inputs separated | All outputs tied together |
Stop and Turn utilizing the same LED arrays with the Tail LED array separated | Stop and Turn inputs either tied together or only one is used for both | Stop and Turn outputs are tied together or only one is used for both |
LOGIC TABLE FOR TAIL/STOP PWM CONTROL PIN | |||
Vin TS-PWM Pin | Functions Actuated (Stop/Tail) | Drive of Tail Array | Drive of Stop Array |
Low (V<0.1 VREF) | Tail Only | PWM | PWM |
Stop Only | OFF | ON | |
Tail and Stop | PWM | ON | |
Ref (V=floating) | Tail Only | PWM | OFF |
Stop Only | OFF | ON | |
Tail and Stop | PWM | ON | |
High (V>0.9 VREF) | Tail Only | PWM | PWM |
Stop Only | ON | ON | |
Tail and Stop | ON | ON |
Claims (21)
- An LED drive module comprising:a transistor adapted to be connected to an array of light emitting diodes;a PWM controller having an input for receiving a voltage reference and an output connected to the transistor for driving the transistor and setting a PWM duty cycle for the array of light emitting diodes to determine the brightness of the light emitting diodes; andan oscillator connected to the PWM controller for driving the PWM controller.
- An LED drive module according to Claim 1, and further comprising a lamp outage detection circuit connected to said PWM controller and said transistor for detecting when a selected number of light emitting diodes are inoperative.
- An LED drive module according to Claim 2, wherein said lamp outage detection circuit further comprises a sensing resistor adapted to be connected to the array of light emitting diodes.
- An LED drive module according to Claim 1, and further comprising an input buffer circuit connected to said PWM controller for receiving a voltage signal input controlling operation of the array.
- An LED drive module according to Claim 1, wherein said transistor comprises a field effect transistor.
- An LED driver circuit comprising:a plurality of arrays formed from light emitting diodes;a transistor connected to each of a respective array of light emitting diodes;a PWM controller having an input for receiving a voltage reference and an output connected to selected transistors for driving selected transistors and setting a PWM duty cycle for selected arrays of light emitting diodes for determining brightness of light emitting diodes;a feedback loop circuit connected to said light emitting diodes and having a switching controller operatively connected to a source of voltage and a reference voltage for sensing and regulating a load voltage; andan oscillator connected to the PWM controller and the switching controller for driving the PWM controller.
- An LED driver according to Claim6, and further comprising a lamp outage detection circuit connected to said PWM controller and said transistors for detecting when a selected number of light emitting diodes are inoperative.
- An LED driver circuit comprising:a plurality of arrays of light emitting diodes;a field effect transistor connected to a each of a respective array of light emitting diodes;a PWM controller having an input for receiving a voltage reference and an output connected to selected transistors for driving selected transistors and setting a PWM duty cycle for arrays of light emitting diodes for determining brightness of light emitting diodes;a feedback loop circuit having a switching controller operatively connected to a source of voltage and reference voltage for sensing and regulating a load voltage;an oscillator connected to the PWM controller and the switching controller for driving the PWM controller; anda lamp outage detection circuit operatively connected to said PWM controller and said field effect transistors for synchronizing an "on" command with measured current for detecting when a selected number of light emitting diodes are inoperative and compensating for any selected PWM duty cycle.
- An LED driver according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, and further comprising at least one thermal compensation diode connected within said feedback loop circuit to provide a ramp down of voltage to the light emitting diodes when a predetermined temperature is reached.
- An LED driver according to Claim 8 or Claim 9, and further comprising a transistor connected within said feedback loop circuit and a comparator operatively connected to said switching controller and transistor.
- A LED driver according to Claim 7 or Claim 8, wherein said lamp outage detection circuit further comprises a sensing resistor connected to each respective array of light emitting diodes.
- An LED driver according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, and further comprising an input buffer circuit connected to said PWM controller for receiving voltage signal inputs indicative of a combination of light emitting diodes that should be lit based on selected operations.
- An LED driver according to Claim 12, wherein said voltage signal inputs comprise one of at least tail, stop and turn signal inputs.
- An LED driver according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, and further comprising a resistor divider circuit for providing a reference voltage to the PWM controller.
- An LED driver according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, wherein said transistor or transistors, PWM controller and oscillator are monolithically formed as one integrated circuit chip.
- An LED driver according to Claim 6 or Claim 8, wherein said transistors connected to said arrays of light emitting diodes comprise field effect transistors.
- A method of driving an array of light emitting diodes comprising the steps of driving selected transistors connected to respective arrays of light emitting diodes by setting a PWM duty cycle within an oscillator driven PWM controller connected to the selected transistors to determine brightness of the diodes.
- A method of driving an array of light emitting diodes comprising the steps of driving selected transistors that are connected to respective arrays of light emitting diodes by setting a PWM duty cycle within an oscillator driven PWM controller connected to selected transistors to determine brightness of the light emitting diodes, and sensing a regulating load voltage by a switching controller located within a feedback loop circuit of the arrays of light emitting diodes.
- A method according to Claim 18, and further comprising the step of ramping down voltage to the light emitting diodes when a predetermined temperature is reached.
- A method according to Claim 17 or Claim 18, and further comprising the step of detecting when a select number of light emitting diodes in an array are inoperative by sensing resistors connected to each respective light emitting diode or each respective array of light emitting diodes.
- A method according to Claim 17 or Claim 18, and further comprising the step of receiving voltage signals within an input buffer circuit indicative of what combination of arrays of light emitting diodes should be lit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/470,900 US6362578B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 1999-12-23 | LED driver circuit and method |
US470900 | 1999-12-23 |
Publications (3)
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EP1113708A2 true EP1113708A2 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
EP1113708A3 EP1113708A3 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
EP1113708B1 EP1113708B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP00311207A Expired - Lifetime EP1113708B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2000-12-14 | Led driver circuit and method |
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US (2) | US6362578B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1113708B1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1113708A3 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
US6362578B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
EP1113708B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
US20030025465A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
US6836081B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
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