EP1109651B1 - Cle a cliquet - Google Patents

Cle a cliquet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1109651B1
EP1109651B1 EP98911625A EP98911625A EP1109651B1 EP 1109651 B1 EP1109651 B1 EP 1109651B1 EP 98911625 A EP98911625 A EP 98911625A EP 98911625 A EP98911625 A EP 98911625A EP 1109651 B1 EP1109651 B1 EP 1109651B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
chamber
tooth
wall
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98911625A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1109651A1 (fr
EP1109651A4 (fr
Inventor
Peter C. Chaconas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1109651A1 publication Critical patent/EP1109651A1/fr
Publication of EP1109651A4 publication Critical patent/EP1109651A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1109651B1 publication Critical patent/EP1109651B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
    • B25B13/462—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis
    • B25B13/463—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis a pawl engaging an externally toothed wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wrench and more particularly, to a wrench which is pawl-less and has ratcheting action.
  • ratchet wrenches There are many types of ratchet wrenches which are commercially available and many more which are disclosed in patents. With very few exceptions, the ratchet wrenches include a pawl to ratchet with teeth on a ratchet gear which is retained within an opening in the head of the wrench.
  • a pawl-less wrench having the features of the preamble portion of claim 1 is known for example from U.S. Patent No. 161,022 to Freeman which discloses a wrench having a handle, a head formed on opposite ends of the handle, and at least one ring formed in one of the heads. The inner face of the ring is not circular, but is instead, scroll-formed, having a shoulder formed by the line which connects the two ends of the curve.
  • the ringed area receives a flanged socket that includes two pieces: a flange and boss.
  • the former is larger than the diameter of the ring, and the latter is smaller and formed with teeth to engage the shoulder formed on the ring.
  • the shoulder prevents the boss from turning in one direction relative to the head.
  • U.S. Patent No. 1,191,873 to Cressey et al disclose an automatic tool having a ratchet mechanism with a ratchet wheel. There is an aperture in the ratchet wheel in which the end of a work tool is mounted. Two pawls are adapted to engage the ratchet wheel as the outer casing is shifted from one side to the other. A coiled spring is seated in a respective recess to bear against the respective pawl.
  • the tool has pawls and does not have a ratchet gear capable of independent eccentric movement within an opening in the head of a tool.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,349,653 to Kaufman et al disclose a ratchet spanner which has a circular bore in which there is disposed a drum-like member.
  • the drum-like member has an aperture in the center to receive a fastener and has a plurality of teeth around the outer circumference.
  • a recess contains a pawl urged to engage the teeth by a spring.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,838,614 to O'Donnell discloses a ratchet wrench capable of clockwise and counter-clockwise operation.
  • the ratchet gear is seated within the head and is capable of rotation in both directions.
  • a ratchet locking mechanism includes a compression spring within the elongated compartment and the double tooth dog. When the compression spring is fully extended, the dog moves towards the ratchet gear. The teeth of the dog then constitute a teethed portion of the otherwise smooth-walled cavity in the head wherein the ratchet gear is accommodated. The lesser tooth of the dog is securely locked flush with the tooth of the ratchet gear and is reinforced by the locking of the greater tooth against the next preceding tooth of the ratchet gear.
  • the holding teeth are not, however, integral with the smooth-walled cavity in the head.
  • the smooth-walled cavity is not bigger than the ratchet gear, therefore, the ratchet gear is not capable of being moved between "locking" and "free-rotation” positions within the cavity.
  • Lieu discloses a clutch-type socket wrench having a handle connected to a hollow head. Two pairs of diametrically-opposed teeth are formed annularly within the hollow head. An annular groove extends circumferentially about the inside of the head and passes through each of the teeth. The teeth decrease in height from groove toward the ends of the hollow head.
  • a socket is disposed in the head. The socket has a plurality of axially elongated teeth formed thereon. An annular groove is formed in the teeth on the socket.
  • a C-shaped locking ring is disposed in groove in the socket and, when the socket is inserted in the hollow head, the locking ring extends partially into the annular groove about the head.
  • the torque transmitting socket member is inoperative when the handle is perpendicular to the axis of the socket member. Moving the handle upwardly or downwardly engages the teeth on the socket member with the teeth in the head and transmits torque from the handle to the socket.
  • Lee in U.S. Patent No. 4,991,468 , discloses a ratchet wrench having a ratchet gear seated within a smooth-walled chamber. A pawl with ratcheting teeth is mounted within a lateral hole communicating with the chamber to allow clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation of the ratchet gear. There is no eccentric or transverse movement of the ratchet gear within the chamber.
  • Stefano in U.S. Patent No. 5,454,283 , discloses an open-end ratchet wrench with a U-shaped ratchet gear having teeth reciprocally engageable with non-rotatable dog gear having interlocking teeth.
  • the dog gear is held in place by the spring, which keeps pressure upon the dog gear engageable with the ratchet gear.
  • the ratchet gear does not move transversely within the chamber.
  • Baker in U.S. Patent No. 4,889,020 , discloses an open end ratchet wrench in which the user moves the wrench in a forward and downward manner followed by a reversal of direction of movement.
  • an embodiment of the pawl-less wrench 10 of the present invention has a handle 12 and integral head 14.
  • the head 14 has a top surface 16, a bottom surface 18 and a chamber 20 formed therein from the top surface 16 of the head 14.
  • the chamber 20 has a wall 22 formed thereabout.
  • An opening 24 is formed in the bottom surface 18 of the head 14, the opening 24 communicating with the chamber 20.
  • At least one tooth 26 is formed on the wall 22 such that the tooth 26 projects into the chamber 20.
  • the tooth 26 has a first edge 28 which has a height and a second opposite edge 30 which has a height less than the height of the first edge 28. As shown in this embodiment, the first edge is proximal the handle.
  • a cylindrical rotor 32 is disposed in the chamber 20.
  • the rotor 32 has a plurality of spaced-apart teeth 34 formed axially about the circumference of the rotor 32. Preferably, all of the teeth 34 are spaced apart by an equal distance and all have a top land 44 of the same length.
  • the rotor 32 has means 36 thereon to receive an accessory to engage a workpiece (not shown).
  • the means 36 may be a tang 36 formed on the rotor 32. Preferably, two tangs are formed on opposite ends of the rotor 32 (FIGS. 5 and 6) such that when the rotor is disposed in the chamber 20, one tang 36 extends outwardly from the top surface 16 of the head 14 and the other tang 36 extends through the opening 24 and outwardly from the bottom surface 18 of the head 14.
  • the means on the rotor 32 is an opening 36 formed, preferably axially in the center of the rotor.
  • the inner surface of the opening 36 is adapted to receive an accessory or to receive the head of a fastener.
  • the tang or opening thereby is operable from the top or the bottom of the wrench as will be discussed.
  • the chamber 20 has a cross-sectional area and the rotor 32 has a smaller cross-sectional area.
  • the rotor 32 when disposed in the chamber 20, is translatably and eccentrically moveable within the chamber 20.
  • the rotor 32 may move in any planar direction within the chamber 20.
  • the chamber 20 is non-circular.
  • a flat portion 38 is formed on wall 22 of the chamber spaced apart from the tooth 26 formed on the wall 22 of the chamber 20.
  • the chamber has a length preferably along a longitudinal center line 39 of the wrench and a width perpendicular to the length. The length is greater than the width.
  • the teeth 34 on the rotor 32 each have a first surface 40 and a second surface 42 which are of equal height. It is preferred that the top of the land 44 be flat to provide the maximum contact with the flat portion 38 of the wall 22 as of the chamber 20, as will be described.
  • the distance between the teeth 34 on the rotor 32 is greater than the height of the surface 40, 42 of the teeth 34 on the rotor and is also greater than the height of the first surface 28 of the tooth 26 on the wall 22 of the chamber 20.
  • the height of the first surface 28 of the tooth 26 on the wall 22 of the chamber is greater than the height of the surface 40, 42 of the teeth 34 on the rotor 32.
  • Means are disposed in the top surface 16 of the head 14 to substantially cover the chamber 20 to retain therein the rotor 32 and to prevent dirt and dust from entering the chamber 20.
  • the means is a cover plate 46 with an opening therein to receive the tang 36 or permit access to the opening 36 in the rotor.
  • Means such as a retaining ring 48 or screws secure the cover plate 46 to the head 14.
  • a cover plate with an opening and a retaining ring be disposed on the bottom surface 18 of the head 14. The opening in the cover plates must be large enough to receive the respective tang as the rotor 32 moves eccentrically within the chamber 20.
  • the wrench of this embodiment is used by connecting an accessory to the means 36 (e.g., tang) or connecting directly to the workpiece engaging means on the rotor 32 and holding the wrench such that the accessory or engaging means engages the workpiece to apply torque in a first direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise as desired).
  • the handle 12 of the wrench 10 is moved in a first longitudinal direction toward the workpiece such that the first edge 28 of the tooth 26 on the wall 22 of the chamber 20 engages an edge of one of the teeth 34 on the rotor 32 (FIG. 2).
  • the top land 44 of the engaged tooth 34 on the rotor 32 does not contact the wall 22 of the chamber 22 because the height of the first edge 28 of the tooth 26 on the wall is greater than the height of the edges 40, 42 of the teeth 34 on the rotor.
  • the longitudinal movement of the handle 12 simultaneously causes the top land 44 of another tooth 34 on the rotor 32 to contact the flat portion 38 of the wall 22 of the chamber 20.
  • the handle 12 is rotated in a first lateral direction such that the tooth 26 in the chamber exerts force against the engaged tooth 34 on the rotor 32 and also forces the other tooth 34 on the rotor 32 against the flat portion 38 to further exert force against the rotor 32.
  • the handle 12 is rotated laterally to the extent possible within available space and is backswung in a second lateral direction opposite to the driving direction.
  • the rotor 32 translates within the chamber 30 and the tooth 26 on the wall disengages from the teeth 34 on the rotor (FIG. 3).
  • the handle As the handle rotates laterally in the second direction, the handle also moves longitudinally in a second opposite direction away from the workpiece.
  • the handle is then moved toward the workpiece as previously described and the tooth 26 on the wall re-engages one of the teeth in the rotor. The above steps are repeated in a ratcheting manner.
  • This embodiment is unidirectional; force can be transmitted only in a first direction (for example, clockwise).
  • a second opposite direction for example, counterclockwise
  • the wrench 10 is inverted and the accessory is connected to the accessory receiving means 36 (e.g., tang) on the opposite side of the wrench.
  • the accessory is connected to the means from the bottom surface of the wrench for clockwise rotation
  • the accessory is reconnected to the means from the top surface of the wrench for counterclockwise rotation.
  • the steps as performed above are repeated except that after the handle is moved longitudinally toward the workpiece, the handle is then rotated in the second opposite lateral direction to exert force on the workpiece.
  • the backswing is in the first lateral direction. Ratcheting is performed by sequential movement of the handle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Clé de serrage (10) qui comprend
    une poignée (12) à laquelle est intégrée une tête (14), la tête (14) présentant une face supérieure (14), une face inférieure (18) et une cavité (20) entourée d'une paroi (22), une ou plusieurs premières dents (26) étant formées sur la paroi (22) de la cavité (20) et faisant saillie dans la cavité 20,
    un rotor cylindrique (32) placé dans la cavité (20), le rotor présentant plusieurs dents (34) espacées les unes des autres et formées axialement sur sa circonférence, le rotor (32) présentant à sa surface des moyens pour engager une pièce,
    la cavité ménagée dans la tête présentant en coupe transversale une surface dans laquelle le rotor qui présente une plus petite surface en coupe transversale peut se déplacer en translation et en position décentrée dans la cavité dans la tête,
    de belle sorte que le déplacement de la poignée (12) dans une première direction permette d'engager la ou les premières dents (26) ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité par une des dents (34) ménagées sur le rotor (32) et de transmettre un couple au rotor (32) et au moyen d'engagement de la pièce, le déplacement de la poignée dans une deuxième direction opposée permettant de dégager les dents (34) et de désengager le rotor de la ou des premières dents (26) ménagées sur la paroi (22) de la cavité,
    caractérisée en ce que la ou les premières dents (26) ménagées sur la paroi (22) de la cavité (20) présentent un premier bord (28) ayant une hauteur et un deuxième bord opposé (30) ayant une hauteur inférieure à celle du premier bord, le premier bord de la ou des dents ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité (20) pouvant engager une des dents ménagées sur le rotor, le premier bord (28) étant situé en position proximale sur la poignée (12).
  2. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le moyen prévu sur le rotor (32) pour engager une pièce est accessible à partir de la surface supérieure et de la surface inférieure de la tête (14).
  3. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle toutes les dents (34) prévues sur le rotor (32) sont équidistantes les unes des autres, la distance entre les dents (34) prévues sur le rotor étant plus grande que la hauteur des dents (34) prévues sur le rotor.
  4. Clé de serrage (10) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle toutes les dents (34) prévues sur le rotor sont équidistantes les unes des autres, la distance entre les dents sur le rotor (32) étant plus grande que la hauteur du premier bord de la ou les premières dents prévues sur la paroi (22) de la cavité (20).
  5. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la cavité (20) ménagée dans la tête (14) n'est pas circulaire.
  6. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle une partie plate (38) formée dans la paroi (22) de la cavité ménagée dans la tête est espacée de la ou les dents (26) prévues sur la paroi de la cavité.
  7. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle chaque dent (34) prévue sur le rotor présente une surface supérieure et dans laquelle, lorsque la ou les premières dents ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité engagent une des dents ménagées sur le rotor, la surface supérieure d'une autre des dents ménagées sur le rotor est en contact avec la partie plate de la paroi de la cavité, ce qui maintient l'engagement entre la ou les premières dents ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité et la ou les dents ménagées sur le rotor.
  8. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle chaque dent managée sur le rotor présente une surface supérieure et un premier bord, chacune des dents ménagées sur le rotor ayant un premier bord de même hauteur, la ou les premières dents ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité présentent un premier bord qui présente une hauteur plus grande que la hauteur du bord de la dent respective ménagée sur le rotor, et lorsque la ou les premières dents ménagées sur la paroi de la cavité engagent la dent ménagée sur le rotor, la surface supérieure de la dent ménagée sur le rotor évite le contact avec la paroi de la cavité.
  9. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la cavité présente en outre une ouverture (24) qui communique avec la surface inférieure (18) de la tête (14), le moyen prévu sur le rotor (32) pour engager la pièce consistant en deux tenons (36) formés sur le rotor, un tenon (36) s'étendant vers l'extérieur à partir de la surface supérieure de la tête et l'autre tenon étant diamétralement opposé à celui-ci et s'étendant vers l'extérieur à travers l'ouverture (24) et à partir de la surface inférieure de la tête (18).
  10. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le moyen prévu sur le rotor pour engager la pièce est une ouverture (24) formée au centre du rotor.
  11. Clé de serrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la poignée (12) et la tête (14) sont formées de plusieurs tôles stratifiées les unes sur les autres.
EP98911625A 1997-03-07 1998-03-13 Cle a cliquet Expired - Lifetime EP1109651B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/812,514 US5842391A (en) 1997-03-07 1997-03-07 Wrench with ratcheting action
PCT/US1998/004945 WO1999046087A1 (fr) 1997-03-07 1998-03-13 Cle a cliquet

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1109651A1 EP1109651A1 (fr) 2001-06-27
EP1109651A4 EP1109651A4 (fr) 2003-03-19
EP1109651B1 true EP1109651B1 (fr) 2007-12-05

Family

ID=26794003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98911625A Expired - Lifetime EP1109651B1 (fr) 1997-03-07 1998-03-13 Cle a cliquet

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5842391A (fr)
EP (1) EP1109651B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE380096T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6554198A (fr)
DE (1) DE69838822T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2299204T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999046087A1 (fr)

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US5996453A (en) * 1995-04-24 1999-12-07 Hand Tool Design Corporation Ratchet mechanism which resists spontaneous disengagement for use in wrenches and other tools
US6186030B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2001-02-13 Stanley Works Combination ratcheting socket wrench
US6148695A (en) 1999-08-03 2000-11-21 Hu; Bobby Ratchet wheel with asymmetric arcuate concave teeth or non-arcuate concave teeth and ratcheting tools with such ratchet wheel
US6807882B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2004-10-26 Bobby Hu Wrench with a simplified structure
TW483365U (en) * 2001-07-13 2002-04-11 Hou-Fei Hu High torque wrench
TW483377U (en) 2001-07-13 2002-04-11 Hou-Fei Hu Micro small torque wrench with constant torque value
USD474381S1 (en) 2001-07-23 2003-05-13 Hand Tools Design Corporation Tool and reversing lever
US6539825B1 (en) 2001-09-20 2003-04-01 Yen-Wen Lin Single direction ratcheting wrench with stuck prevention and ratcheting direction indication
TW506308U (en) 2002-02-08 2002-10-11 Hou-Fei Hu Improved structure for ratchet wrench
US7051623B2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2006-05-30 Easco Hand Tools, Inc. Pawl-less ratchet wrench
US7284464B2 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-10-23 Easco Hand Tools, Inc. Oil drain plug wrench
GB0522310D0 (en) * 2005-11-01 2005-12-07 Solexa Ltd Methods of preparing libraries of template polynucleotides
US7201085B1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-04-10 Chih-Ching Hsieh Pivoting device for hand tools
US20080034926A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Chaconas Peter C Bi-directional pawl-less wrench
TWM371611U (en) * 2009-08-12 2010-01-01 Zhi-Ming Hong Head for power-driven ratchet tool
US9452511B2 (en) 2010-11-24 2016-09-27 Last Tool Factory Llc Combination ER wrench
TW201221309A (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-06-01 zhen-kun Chen Unidirectional ratchet device
TW201330988A (zh) * 2012-01-16 2013-08-01 New Way Tools Co Ltd 驅動工具
GB2558536A (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-07-18 Torque Tension Systems Ltd A hydraulic torque wrench
TWI608907B (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-12-21 Reversible ratchet wrench

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1109651A1 (fr) 2001-06-27
AU6554198A (en) 1999-09-27
EP1109651A4 (fr) 2003-03-19
ATE380096T1 (de) 2007-12-15
DE69838822D1 (de) 2008-01-17
WO1999046087A1 (fr) 1999-09-16
US5842391A (en) 1998-12-01
ES2299204T3 (es) 2008-05-16
DE69838822T2 (de) 2008-11-20

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