EP1105896A1 - Step switch with selector - Google Patents

Step switch with selector

Info

Publication number
EP1105896A1
EP1105896A1 EP99927873A EP99927873A EP1105896A1 EP 1105896 A1 EP1105896 A1 EP 1105896A1 EP 99927873 A EP99927873 A EP 99927873A EP 99927873 A EP99927873 A EP 99927873A EP 1105896 A1 EP1105896 A1 EP 1105896A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
tap changer
selector
contacts
preselector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99927873A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1105896B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Albrecht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP1105896A1 publication Critical patent/EP1105896A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1105896B1 publication Critical patent/EP1105896B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H63/00—Details of electrically-operated selector switches
    • H01H63/02—Contacts; Wipers; Connections thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0044—Casings; Mountings; Disposition in transformer housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/44—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using Geneva movement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer with a selector for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of a tap transformer
  • Tap changers have been installed in transformers for many years in order to be able to adjust the voltage, active and reactive power of electrical networks by changing the gear ratio under load
  • tap changers are known in two basic designs. In one design they consist of the separate modules tap selector and diverter switch, in the second design these two modules are combined to form a load selector that performs both functions.
  • the term "tap changer" used below is intended to refer to both of the above Designs include
  • the transmission ratio is set in stages.
  • the transformer is equipped with a tap winding, the taps of which can be switched by the tap changer
  • Fig. 1 a It can, as shown in Fig. 1 a, as a turner for switching the step winding on and off or, as in
  • the preselector doubles the setting range with the same length of the step winding
  • the pre-selector consists of a total of three fixed pre-selector contacts, whereby one of the two fixed contacts "+” or "-" is connected to the third fixed contact "0", depending on the switching position
  • Type 16 is a tap changer, which is located inside an Isolierstoffzylmders and whose preselector extends outside this Iso erstoffzyiinders in the longitudinal direction
  • the fixed preselector contacts are in line with the contact order
  • This longitudinally displaceable shift rod has one for each phase
  • Pre-selection contact bridge through which either one of the two fixed pre-selector contacts "+” or "-” with the other fixed pre-selector contact "0", which is arranged in between and the
  • Root connection of the preselector forms is connectable
  • the longitudinal movement of the shift rod described is tapped by a Geneva gearbox, which is located on the top of the tap changer and which generates the rotary movement of the switching shaft inside the isolating cylinder of the tap changer for actuating the selector contacts, by means of a special gear train
  • the capacitive switching capacity of the preselector that can be implemented is limited by the selected contact arrangement
  • the object of the invention is to provide a generic tap changer with an external, linearly actuated preselector, in which no complex guidance of the switching rod carrying the pre-selection contact bridges is required and nevertheless, even with tolerances that occur, safe switching with essentially constant contact forces is possible
  • the tap changer according to the invention with a preselector should also be suitable for high voltage stresses on the preselector
  • the design of the pre-selector on a separate insulating tube gives a compact, stable and simple structure
  • the complete pre-selector can be used as a simple complete assembly prefabricated and attached just as easily to the side of the isolating cylinder of the tap changer
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a preselector according to the invention in a schematic lateral
  • Sectional view Fig. 3 this embodiment in a sectional view from above Fig. 4 an alternative design of a pre-selection contact bridge Fig. 5 a second embodiment of a preselector according to the invention again in a schematic side sectional view Fig. 6 the - per se known - circuit of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a complete inventive Step switch, here consisting of a load selector, which combines the functions of the step selector and the diverter switch, and the selector arranged on the side, shown in a schematic sectional side view in FIG. 8, the step switch shown in FIG. 7, schematically from above
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 shows a preselector which, as a supporting component, has a tubular insulating material housing 1 on the inside of the wall thereof
  • Preselector contacts are circular, concentric with the insulating housing 1
  • the contact 2 has the function of the contact "+" from FIG. 1, accordingly contact 3 takes over
  • Vorwahier.brucke 6 carries
  • the Vorwahierromebrucke 6 consists in particular of a switching rod 5 enclosing and attached to this annular contact carrier 7, on the radially movable, spring-loaded
  • Contact pieces 8, 9, 10, 1 1 are each arranged by pairs of springs 12, 13, 14, 15
  • the radial path of the contact pieces 8, 9, 10, 11 is limited by respective stops 16 at the top and bottom of the contact carrier 7
  • FIG 2 shows the preselector according to the invention in the same switching position as in Figure 1, in which the
  • the switching rod 5 is moved downwards, this is indicated in FIG. 2 by an arrow, the contact carrier 7 leaves the pre-selector contact 2 and runs through the Preselector contact 3 guided and in contact with it, downwards It finally runs onto preselector contact 4 and thus establishes the new connection of this preselector contact 4 with the function "-" with preselector contact 3, the switchover is complete
  • FIG 4 shows another embodiment of a Vorwahierromebrucke
  • each pair of opposing contact pieces are available, of these four contact pieces are shown in section the two contact pieces 17, 18
  • the contact pieces 17, 18 are in turn by pairs of springs 19 or 20 printed outwards, the travel is limited by transverse bolts 21 with an outer stop, which are guided in bores of the respective contact pieces 17, 18.
  • the two further contact pieces are made in a similar way by further transverse bolts 22 in a 90 Limited level offset
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a preselector according to the invention in a lateral sectional view.
  • a tubular insulating material housing 23 is provided as the supporting component.
  • the fixed preselector contacts 24, 25, 26 are in turn arranged, which in turn are circular and concentric with the insulating material housing 23 are designed to run in the interior of the insulating material housing 23, also in this embodiment, a slowly displaceable switching rod 27, which in turn carries a pre-selection contact bridge 28
  • this pre-selection contact bridge 28 consists of an annular contact carrier 29, on which radially movable, spring-mounted contact pieces are arranged, of which only two contact pieces 30, 31 lying opposite one another are shown in the sectional view. Each of these contact pieces is formed by pairs of springs The spring pairs 32, 33 are shown here, printed radially outwards. The radial path of the individual contact pieces is again limited by upper and lower stops 34. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the individual contact pieces are shown here Contact piece 30, 31, tapered in its central region 35, 36, ie drawn inwards
  • Figure 6 shows the basic circuit of such a double-pole switching preselector, acting here as a turner
  • the concentric design of the fixed preselector contacts on the one hand and the resilient arrangement of the contact pieces on the switching rod on the other hand ensures automatic centering when these contact pieces emerge, even with inevitable tolerances of the switching rod, the fixed preselector contacts or the contact pieces uniform contact between all the individual contact pieces involved is ensured
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a complete tap changer with a preselector according to the invention, arranged at the side, here with the first embodiment with simple interruption shown in FIGS. 2 and 3
  • the actual tap changer is designed here as a load selector and is located in an insulating cylinder 37.
  • a rotating isolating rod 38 runs lengthwise through the tap switch, which has a switching element 39 1, 39 2, 39 3 with the movable contacts for each of the three phases and further switching means corresponding to the movable contacts are arranged in the wall of the Isolierstoffzylmders 37 the fixed tap changer contacts, which can be connected. Since the function of such a load selector is well known, the other components are not discussed in more detail on the side of the tap changer, by a traverse 45 attached to this, the preselector according to the invention is located in an isolating cylinder 1.
  • a pre-selection contact bridge 6 1, 6 2, 6 3 is arranged for each phase.
  • the contact pieces of the pre-selection contact bridges 6 1, 6 2, 6 3 leave first in all three phases simultaneously the corresponding contacts 2 1, 2 2, 2 3, the “+” contacts run down on the respective “0” contacts 3 1, 3 2, 3 3 and finally contact the respective “-” contacts 4 1 , 4 2, 4 3
  • the areas of the fixed preselector contacts are each shielded by upper shields 40 1 a, 40 2a, 40 3a and lower shields 40
  • the shift rod 5 is provided with a lever 41 which is mounted in a bearing 43 in the region of the tap changer head by means of a cross pin 42.
  • This cross pin 42 is in turn connected to a crank 44 which has a pivoting movement at its free end from the Maltese drive of the tap changer.
  • the pivoting movement of the crank 44 which simultaneously marks the bearing point, is transmitted to a pivoting movement of the lever 41 in the vertical direction, which is transmitted to the switching rod 5.
  • the actuating mechanism described is on an upper cross member 46 is articulated, which at the same time realizes the upper attachment of the preselector to the tap changer.

Landscapes

  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Tumbler Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a step switch with a selector for continuous switching between different winding tappings of a tapped transformer. The entire selector is configured as a separate component group and housed in a separate housing made of an insulating material. The fixed selector contacts are configured in a circular manner and arranged around a switch stick in different planes in the interior of the insulating cylinder. They are switched by selector contact bridges which have radially elastic contact elements and are fixed to the switch stick.

Description

Stufenschalter mit einem VorwählerStep switch with a selection
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter mit einem Vorwahler zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen verschiedenen Wicklungsanzapfungen eines StufentransformatorsThe invention relates to a tap changer with a selector for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of a tap transformer
Stufenschalter werden seit vielen Jahren in Transformatoren eingebaut, um durch Änderung des Übersetzungsverhältnisses unter Last die Spannung, Wirk- und Blindleistung von elektrischen Netzen einstellen zu könnenTap changers have been installed in transformers for many years in order to be able to adjust the voltage, active and reactive power of electrical networks by changing the gear ratio under load
Bekannte Stufenschalter sind in zwei prinzipiellen Bauformen bekannt Bei der einen Bauform bestehen sie aus den getrennten Baugruppen Stufenwahler und Lastumschalter, bei der zweiten Bauform sind diese beiden Baugruppen zu einem Lastwahler vereinigt, der beide Funktionen ausfuhrt Der im nachfolgenden verwendete Begriff „Stufenschalter" soll beide vorgenannten Bauformen umfassenKnown tap changers are known in two basic designs. In one design they consist of the separate modules tap selector and diverter switch, in the second design these two modules are combined to form a load selector that performs both functions. The term "tap changer" used below is intended to refer to both of the above Designs include
Die Einstellung des Übersetzungsverhältnisses erfolgt in Stufen, hierzu ist der Transformator mit einer Stufenwicklung ausgerüstet, deren Anzapfungen vom Stufenschalter beschaltbar sindThe transmission ratio is set in stages. For this purpose, the transformer is equipped with a tap winding, the taps of which can be switched by the tap changer
Zur Vergrößerung des jeweils möglichen Einstellbereiches ist es seit langem üblich, den Stufenschalter mit einem Vorwahler auszurüsten Dieser bekannte Vorwahler kann prinzipiell die beiden in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten bekannten Funktionen realisierenTo increase the possible setting range, it has long been customary to equip the tap changer with a preselector. This known preselector can in principle implement the two known functions shown schematically in FIG
Er kann, wie in Fig 1 a gezeigt, als Wender zur Zur- und Gegenschaltung der Stufenwicklung oder, wie inIt can, as shown in Fig. 1 a, as a turner for switching the step winding on and off or, as in
Fig 1b gezeigt, zur Umlenkung der Stufenwicklung an den Anfang oder an das Ende der Grobstufe dienen In jedem Fall wird durch den Vorwahler der Einstellbereich bei gleicher Lange der Stufenwicklung verdoppelt1b shown, are used to deflect the step winding to the beginning or to the end of the coarse step. In any case, the preselector doubles the setting range with the same length of the step winding
Der Vorwahler besteht aus insgesamt drei festen Vorwahlerkontakten, wobei jeweils einer der beiden festen Kontakte „+" oder „-" mit dem dritten festen Kontakt „0", je nach Schaltstellung, verbunden istThe pre-selector consists of a total of three fixed pre-selector contacts, whereby one of the two fixed contacts "+" or "-" is connected to the third fixed contact "0", depending on the switching position
Diese bekannten Vorwahler sind in zahlreichen Bauformen und mit den unterschiedlichsten Kontaktarten und Betatigungsmechanismen bekanntThese known preselectors are known in numerous designs and with a wide variety of contact types and actuation mechanisms
Aus den bulgarischen Firmenschriften „On-Load Tap Changer Type RS12" und „On-Load Tap ChangerFrom the Bulgarian company publications "On-Load Tap Changer Type RS12" and "On-Load Tap Changer
Type 16" ist ein Stufenschalter bekannt, der sich im Inneren eines Isolierstoffzylmders befindet und dessen Vorwahler außerhalb dieses Iso erstoffzyiinders sich in dessen Längsrichtung erstrecktType 16 "is a tap changer, which is located inside an Isolierstoffzylmders and whose preselector extends outside this Iso erstoffzyiinders in the longitudinal direction
Die festen Vorwahlerkontakte sind in einer Linie mit der KontaktreihenfolgeThe fixed preselector contacts are in line with the contact order
„+" — „0" — „-" bzw „-" - — „0" — , ,+" angeordnet und werden durch eine in Längsrichtung verschiebbare"+" - "0" - "-" or "-" - - "0" -,, + "are arranged and are displaceable in the longitudinal direction
Schaltstange linear betätigtShift rod actuated linearly
Diese in Längsrichtung verschiebbare Schaltstange weist dabei für jede Phase eineThis longitudinally displaceable shift rod has one for each phase
Vorwahierkontaktbrucke auf, durch die wahlweise jeweils einer der beiden festen Vorwahlerkontakte „+" oder „-" mit dem weiteren festen Vorwahlerkontakt „0", der dazwischen angeordnet ist und denPre-selection contact bridge, through which either one of the two fixed pre-selector contacts "+" or "-" with the other fixed pre-selector contact "0", which is arranged in between and the
Wurzelanschluß des Vorwahlers bildet, verbindbar ist Die Langsbewegung der beschriebenen Schaltstange wird von einem Maltesergetriebe, das sich an der Oberseite des Stufenschalters befindet und die Drehbewegung der Schaitwelle im Inneren des Isolierstoffzylmders des Stufenschalters zur Betätigung der Wahlerkontakte erzeugt, durch einen speziellen Getriebezug abgegriffenRoot connection of the preselector forms, is connectable The longitudinal movement of the shift rod described is tapped by a Geneva gearbox, which is located on the top of the tap changer and which generates the rotary movement of the switching shaft inside the isolating cylinder of the tap changer for actuating the selector contacts, by means of a special gear train
Dieser bekannte Stufenschalter mit außenliegendem, linear betatigbarem Vorwahler weist jedoch mehrere Nachteile aufHowever, this known tap changer with an external, linearly operable preselector has several disadvantages
Zum einen sind, bedingt durch die große Langsausdehnung der gesamten Vorwahleranordnung, erhebliche Genauigkeitsanforderungen zu erfüllen Bereits geringste Toleranzen zwischen den festenOn the one hand, due to the large longitudinal extension of the entire preselector arrangement, considerable accuracy requirements have to be met. Even the smallest tolerances between the fixed ones
Vorwahlerkontakten einerseits als auch zwischen diesen und der beweglichen Vorwahierkontaktbrucke andererseits fuhren dazu, daß kein einwandfreies Auflaufen der Kontaktbrucke auf die jeweils elektrisch miteinander zu verbindenden festen Kontakte möglich ist Dieses Problem wird im Laufe der Betriebszeit durch Kontaktabbrand und mechanische Abnutzung der Kontakte noch verstärktPreselector contacts on the one hand and between these and the movable pre-selection contact bridge, on the other hand, mean that the contact bridge cannot properly run onto the fixed contacts that are to be electrically connected to one another.This problem is exacerbated in the course of the operating time by contact erosion and mechanical wear of the contacts
Um Ungenauigkeiten zu reduzieren, ist zudem eine spezielle Fuhrung der Schaltstange erforderlichIn order to reduce inaccuracies, a special guide of the shift rod is also required
Weiterhin ist bei dem bekannten Stufenschalter durch die gewählte Kontaktanordnung auch die realisierbare kapazitive Schaltleistung des Vorwahlers begrenztFurthermore, in the known tap changer, the capacitive switching capacity of the preselector that can be implemented is limited by the selected contact arrangement
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen gattungsgemaßen Stufenschalter mit einem außenliegenden, linear betätigten Vorwahler anzugeben, bei dem keine aufwendige Fuhrung der die Vorwahierkontaktbrucke tragenden Schaltstange erforderlich ist und dennoch, auch bei auftretenden Toleranzen, ein sicheres Schalten mit im wesentlichen konstanten Kontaktkraften möglich istThe object of the invention is to provide a generic tap changer with an external, linearly actuated preselector, in which no complex guidance of the switching rod carrying the pre-selection contact bridges is required and nevertheless, even with tolerances that occur, safe switching with essentially constant contact forces is possible
Zudem soll der erfindungsgemaße Stufenschalter mit Vorwahler auch für hohe Spannungsbeanspruchungen am Vorwahler geeignet seinIn addition, the tap changer according to the invention with a preselector should also be suitable for high voltage stresses on the preselector
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemaß durch einen Stufenschalter mit einem Vorwahler mit denThis object is achieved by a tap changer with a preselector
Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruches gelostFeatures of the first claim solved
Die Unteranspruche betreffen besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der ErfindungThe subclaims relate to particularly advantageous developments of the invention
Besonders vorteilhaft an der Erfindung ist, daß die langsverschiebbare Schaltstange des Vorwahlers keiner besonderen Fuhrung bedarf und das Antriebssystem insgesamt keine besonderenA particular advantage of the invention is that the slowly displaceable shift rod of the preselector does not require any special guidance and the drive system as a whole does not require any special one
Genauigkeitsanforderungen erfüllen muß Vielmehr ist durch die Ausfuhrung der sich selbst zentrierenden Vorwahierkontaktbrucke ein sich praktisch selbst einstellendes Kontaktsystem mit konstanten Kontaktkraften realisiertRather, accuracy requirements must be met by the execution of the self-centering Vorwahierkontaktbrucke a practically self-adjusting contact system with constant contact forces is realized
Die erfindungsgemaße ringförmige Ausfuhrung der festen Vorwahlerkontakte erlaubt zudem hoheThe annular design according to the invention of the fixed preselector contacts also allows high
Beanspruchungen, der erfindungsgemaße gestaltete Vorwahler gestattet es, auch hohe kapazitiveStrains, the preselector designed according to the invention allows even high capacitive
Schaltleistungen zu bewältigen, so daß es nur noch in wenigen Sonderfallen notwendig sein wird, zusatzliche Polungswiderstande vorzusehenTo manage switching capacities, so that it will only be necessary in a few special cases to provide additional polarity resistors
Insgesamt ist durch den gewählten Aufbau des Vorwahlers an einem separaten Isolierstoffrohr ein kompakter, stabiler und einfacher Aufbau gegeben, der komplette Vorwahler kann auf einfache Weise als komplette Baugruppe vorgefertigt und auf ebenso einfache Weise seitlich am Isolierstoffzylinder des Stufenschalters befestigt werdenOverall, the design of the pre-selector on a separate insulating tube gives a compact, stable and simple structure, the complete pre-selector can be used as a simple complete assembly prefabricated and attached just as easily to the side of the isolating cylinder of the tap changer
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft noch naher erläutert werden Die Figuren zeigenThe invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example using drawings. The figures show
Fig 1 die bereits erläuterten Vorwahler-Grundschaltungen nach dem Stand der Technik1 shows the basic selector circuits according to the prior art which have already been explained
Fig 2 eine erste Ausfuhrungsform eines erfindungsgemaßen Vorwahlers in schematischer seitlicherFig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a preselector according to the invention in a schematic lateral
Schnittdarstellung Fig 3 diese Ausfuhrungsform in Schnittdarstellung von oben Fig 4 eine alternative Bauform einer Vorwahierkontaktbrucke Fig 5 eine zweite Ausfuhrungsform eines erfindungsgemaßen Vorwahlers wiederum in schematischer seitlicher Schnittdarstellung Fig 6 die - per se bekannte - Schaltung der in Fig 5 dargestellten zweiten Ausfuhrungsform Fig 7 einen kompletten erfindungsgemaßen Stufenschalter, hier bestehend aus einem Lastwahler, der die Funktionen des Stufenwahlers als auch des Lastumschalters vereint, und dem seitlich angeordneten Vorwahler, dargestellt in schematischer seitlicher Schnittdarstellung Fig 8 den in Figur 7 dargestellten Stufenschalter mit Vorwahler schematisch von obenSectional view Fig. 3 this embodiment in a sectional view from above Fig. 4 an alternative design of a pre-selection contact bridge Fig. 5 a second embodiment of a preselector according to the invention again in a schematic side sectional view Fig. 6 the - per se known - circuit of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a complete inventive Step switch, here consisting of a load selector, which combines the functions of the step selector and the diverter switch, and the selector arranged on the side, shown in a schematic sectional side view in FIG. 8, the step switch shown in FIG. 7, schematically from above
Die in Figur 2 und 3 dargestellte erste Ausfuhrungsform zeigt einen Vorwahler, der als tragendes Bauteil ein rohrformiges Isolierstoffgehause 1 aufweist An der Innenseite der Wandung diesesThe first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 shows a preselector which, as a supporting component, has a tubular insulating material housing 1 on the inside of the wall thereof
Isolierstoffgehauses 1 , mit ihren Kontaktzuleitungen dieses durchdringend, sind die festenIsolierstoffgehauses 1, with their contact leads penetrating this, are the solid
Vorwahlerkontakte 2, 3, 4 - hier nur für eine Phase dargestellt - angeordnet Jeder der festenPreselector contacts 2, 3, 4 - shown here for only one phase - arranged each of the fixed
Vorwahlerkontakte ist dabei kreisförmig ausgebildet, konzentrisch zum Isolierstoffgehause 1Preselector contacts are circular, concentric with the insulating housing 1
Der Kontakt 2 hat die Funktion des Kontaktes „+" aus Fig 1 , entsprechend übernimmt Kontakt 3 dieThe contact 2 has the function of the contact "+" from FIG. 1, accordingly contact 3 takes over
Funktion des Kontaktes „0" und Kontakt 4 die Funktion des Kontaktes „-"aus Figur 1Function of contact "0" and contact 4 the function of contact "-" from FIG. 1
Im Inneren des Isolierstoffgehauses 1 ist eine langsverschiebbare Schaltstange 5 angeordnet, die dieIn the interior of the Isolierstoffgehäuses 1 a slowly displaceable shift rod 5 is arranged, which
Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 6 tragtVorwahierkontaktbrucke 6 carries
Die Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 6 besteht im einzelnen aus einem die Schaltstange 5 umschließenden und an dieser befestigten ringförmigen Kontakttrager 7, an dem radial bewegliche, federnd gelagerteThe Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 6 consists in particular of a switching rod 5 enclosing and attached to this annular contact carrier 7, on the radially movable, spring-loaded
Kontaktstucke 8, 9, 10, 1 1 angeordnet sind Jeweils durch Federpaare 12, 13, 14, 15 werden dieseContact pieces 8, 9, 10, 1 1 are each arranged by pairs of springs 12, 13, 14, 15
Kontaktstucke 8, 9, 10, 1 1 radial nach außen gedruckt, derart, daß beim Auflaufen auf die jeweiligen festen Kontakte 2, 3, 4 ein definierter Kontaktdruck erzeugt wirdContact pieces 8, 9, 10, 1 1 printed radially outwards, such that a defined contact pressure is generated when running onto the respective fixed contacts 2, 3, 4
Die Begrenzung des radialen Weges der Kontaktstucke 8, 9, 10, 11 erfolgt durch jeweilige Anschlage 16 oben und unten am Kontakttrager 7The radial path of the contact pieces 8, 9, 10, 11 is limited by respective stops 16 at the top and bottom of the contact carrier 7
Figur 2 zeigt den erfindungsgemaßen Vorwahler in der gleichen Schaltstellung wie in Figur 1 , bei der dieFigure 2 shows the preselector according to the invention in the same switching position as in Figure 1, in which the
Kontakte „+" und „0" verbunden sindContacts "+" and "0" are connected
Wird der Vorwahler betätigt, so wird die Schaltstange 5 nach unten bewegt, dies ist in der Figur 2 durch einen Pfeil angedeutet, der Kontakttrager 7 verlaßt den Vorwahlerkontakt 2 und lauft, durch den Vorwahlerkontakt 3 gefuhrt und mit diesem in Kontakt bleibend, nach unten Er lauft schließlich auf den Vorwahlerkontakt 4 auf und stellt damit die neue Verbindung dieses Vorwahlerkontaktes 4 mit der Funktion „-" mit dem Vorwahlerkontakt 3 her, die Umschaltung ist beendetIf the pre-selector is actuated, the switching rod 5 is moved downwards, this is indicated in FIG. 2 by an arrow, the contact carrier 7 leaves the pre-selector contact 2 and runs through the Preselector contact 3 guided and in contact with it, downwards It finally runs onto preselector contact 4 and thus establishes the new connection of this preselector contact 4 with the function "-" with preselector contact 3, the switchover is complete
Figur 4 zeigt eine andere Ausfuhrungsform einer Vorwahierkontaktbrucke In diesem Falle sind direkt an der Schaltstange 5, sich jeweils paarweise gegenüberliegende Kontaktstucke vorhanden, von diesen insgesamt vier Kontaktstucken sind in der Schnittdarstellung die beiden Kontaktstucke 17, 18 dargestellt Die Kontaktstucke 17, 18 werden wiederum durch Federpaare 19 bzw 20 nach außen gedruckt, die Wegbegrenzung erfolgt hierbei durch Querbolzen 21 mit einem äußeren Anschlag, die in Bohrungen der jeweiligen Kontaktstucke 17, 18 gefuhrt werden Ganz analog werden die in der Schnittdarstellung nicht dargestellten zwei weiteren Kontaktstucke durch weitere Querbolzen 22 in einer um 90 Grad versetzten Ebene begrenztFigure 4 shows another embodiment of a Vorwahierkontaktbrucke In this case, directly on the shift rod 5, each pair of opposing contact pieces are available, of these four contact pieces are shown in section the two contact pieces 17, 18 The contact pieces 17, 18 are in turn by pairs of springs 19 or 20 printed outwards, the travel is limited by transverse bolts 21 with an outer stop, which are guided in bores of the respective contact pieces 17, 18. The two further contact pieces, not shown in the sectional view, are made in a similar way by further transverse bolts 22 in a 90 Limited level offset
Figur 5 zeigt eine zweite Ausfuhrungsform eines erfindungsgemaßen Vorwahlers in seitlicher Schnittdarstellung Hierbei ist wiederum als tragendes Bauteil ein rohrformiges Isolierstoffgehause 23 vorgesehen An der Innenseite der Wandung dieses Isolierstoffgehauses 23 sind wiederum die festen Vorwahlerkontakte 24, 25, 26 angeordnet, die wiederum kreisförmig und konzentrisch zum Isolierstoffgehause 23 verlaufend ausgebildet sind Im Inneren des Isolierstoffgehauses 23 ist auch bei dieser Ausfuhrungsform eine langsverschiebbare Schaltstange 27 angeordnet, die wiederum eine Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 28 tragtFigure 5 shows a second embodiment of a preselector according to the invention in a lateral sectional view. Here again, a tubular insulating material housing 23 is provided as the supporting component. On the inside of the wall of this insulating material housing 23, the fixed preselector contacts 24, 25, 26 are in turn arranged, which in turn are circular and concentric with the insulating material housing 23 are designed to run in the interior of the insulating material housing 23, also in this embodiment, a slowly displaceable switching rod 27, which in turn carries a pre-selection contact bridge 28
Diese Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 28 besteht, wie bereits im ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel erläutert, aus einem ringförmigen Kontakttrager 29, an dem radial bewegliche, federnd gelagerte Kontaktstucke angeordnet sind, von denen in der Schnittdarstellung nur zwei sich gegenüberliegende Kontaktstucke 30, 31 dargestellt sind Jedes dieser Kontaktstucke wird durch Federpaare, hier dargestellt sind die Federpaare 32, 33, radial nach außen gedruckt Die Begrenzung des radialen Weges der einzelnen Kontaktstucke erfolgt wiederum durch obere und untere Anschlage 34 Im Gegensatz zum in Figur 2 und 3 dargestellten ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel sind die einzelnen Kontaktstucke, hier dargestellt sind die Kontaktstuck 30, 31 , in ihrem Mittenbereich 35, 36 verjungt, d h nach innen eingezogenAs already explained in the first exemplary embodiment, this pre-selection contact bridge 28 consists of an annular contact carrier 29, on which radially movable, spring-mounted contact pieces are arranged, of which only two contact pieces 30, 31 lying opposite one another are shown in the sectional view. Each of these contact pieces is formed by pairs of springs The spring pairs 32, 33 are shown here, printed radially outwards. The radial path of the individual contact pieces is again limited by upper and lower stops 34. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the individual contact pieces are shown here Contact piece 30, 31, tapered in its central region 35, 36, ie drawn inwards
Statt der in Figur 5 dargestellten Vorwahierkontaktbrucke ist auch eine Ausfuhrung wie in Figur 4 mitInstead of the pre-selection contact bridge shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment as in FIG. 4 is also included
Wegbegrenzung durch mit Anschlag versehene Querbolzen möglichLimitation of travel possible with cross bolts provided with a stop
Wichtig für die Funktion der in Figur 5 dargestellten zweiten Ausfuhrungsform ist besonders die beschriebene Verjüngung im jeweiligen MittenbereichThe tapering described in the respective central region is particularly important for the function of the second embodiment shown in FIG
Durch diese Verjüngung erfolgt eine doppelpolige Unterbrechung und Umschaltfunktion des VorwahlersThis tapering results in a double-pole interruption and switching function of the preselector
Wird der Vorwahler betätigt, d h die Schaltstange 27 nach unten bewegt verlassen die KontaktstuckeIf the preselector is actuated, that is, the switching rod 27 moves downward, leave the contact pieces
30, 31 sowohl den Kontakt 24 als auch den Kontakt 25, bei weiterer Bewegung laufen sie gleichzeitig sowohl auf den Kontakt 26 als auch den Kontakt 25 auf Figur 6 zeigt die prinzipielle Schaltung eines derartigen doppelpolig umschaltenden Vorwahlers, hier als Wender wirkend30, 31 both the contact 24 and the contact 25, with further movement they run simultaneously on both the contact 26 and the contact 25 Figure 6 shows the basic circuit of such a double-pole switching preselector, acting here as a turner
Bei beiden Ausfuhrungsformen des Vorwahlers wird durch die konzentrische Ausbildung der festen Vorwahlerkontakte einerseits und die federnde Anordnung der Kontaktstucke auf der Schaltstange andererseits ein selbsttätiges Zentrieren beim Auflaufen dieser Kontaktstucke gewährleistet Auch bei unvermeidlichen Toleranzen der Schaltstange, der festen Vorwahlerkontakte oder auch der Kontaktstucke ist damit stets eine gleichmäßige und auf alle beteiligten einzelnen Kontaktstucke aufgeteilte Kontaktgabe sichergestelltIn both embodiments of the preselector, the concentric design of the fixed preselector contacts on the one hand and the resilient arrangement of the contact pieces on the switching rod on the other hand ensures automatic centering when these contact pieces emerge, even with inevitable tolerances of the switching rod, the fixed preselector contacts or the contact pieces uniform contact between all the individual contact pieces involved is ensured
In den Figuren 7 und 8 ist ein kompletter Stufenschalter mit einem erfindungsgemaßen , seitlich angeordneten Vorwahler, hier mit der in Figur 2 und 3 dargestellten ersten Ausfuhrungsform mit Einfachunterbrechung, gezeigtFIGS. 7 and 8 show a complete tap changer with a preselector according to the invention, arranged at the side, here with the first embodiment with simple interruption shown in FIGS. 2 and 3
Der eigentliche Stufenschalter ist hier als Lastwahler ausgebildet und befindet sich in einem Isolierstoffzylinder 37 Im Inneren verlauft längs durch den Stufeπschalter auf bekannte Weise eine drehbare Isolierstoffstange 38, die für jede der drei Phasen ein Schaltelement 39 1 , 39 2, 39 3 mit den beweglichen Kontakten und weiteren Schaltmitteln tragt Zu den beweglichen Kontakten korrespondierend sind jeweils in der Wand des Isolierstoffzylmders 37 die festen Stufenschalterkontakte angeordnet, die beschaltbar sind Da die Funktion eines solchen Lastwahlers hinreichend bekannt ist, wird auf die übrigen Bauteile nicht naher eingegangen Seitlich am Stufenschalter, durch eine Traverse 45 an diesem befestigt, befindet sich der erfindungsgemaße Vorwahler in einem Isolierstoffzyl der 1 Im Inneren dieses Isolierstoffzylmders 1 befindet sich die Schaltstange 5, und für jede der drei Phasen sind die bereits beschriebenen drei festen Vorwahlerkontakte angeordnet, d h die Kontakte 2 1 , 3 1 , 4 1 in einer horizontalen Ebene für eine Phase, die Kontakte 2 2 , 3 2 , 4 2 in einer weiteren horizontalen Ebene für die zweite Phase und die Kontakte 2 3, 3 3, 4 3 schließlich für die dritte Phase in einer dritten horizontalen Ebene Mit den jeweiligen Kontakten korrespondierend ist für jede Phase eine Vorwahierkontaktbrucke 6 1 , 6 2, 6 3 angeordnet Bei Betätigung des Vorwahlers durch Verschieben der Schaltstange nach unten verlassen also in allen drei Phasen die Kontaktstucke der Vorwahlerkontaktbrucken 6 1 , 6 2, 6 3 zuerst gleichzeitig die entsprechenden Kontakte 2 1 , 2 2, 2 3, die „+"-Kontakte, laufen auf den jeweiligen „0"-Kontakten 3 1 , 3 2, 3 3 nach unten und kontaktieren schließlich die jeweiligen „-"-Kontakte 4 1 , 4 2, 4 3 In jeder horizontalen, einer bestimmten Phase zugeordneten Ebene sind die Bereiche der festen Vorwahlerkontakte jeweils durch obere Abschirmungen 40 1 a, 40 2a, 40 3a und untere Abschirmungen 40 1 b, 40 2b abgeschirmtThe actual tap changer is designed here as a load selector and is located in an insulating cylinder 37. Inside, a rotating isolating rod 38 runs lengthwise through the tap switch, which has a switching element 39 1, 39 2, 39 3 with the movable contacts for each of the three phases and further switching means corresponding to the movable contacts are arranged in the wall of the Isolierstoffzylmders 37 the fixed tap changer contacts, which can be connected. Since the function of such a load selector is well known, the other components are not discussed in more detail on the side of the tap changer, by a traverse 45 attached to this, the preselector according to the invention is located in an isolating cylinder 1. Inside this isolating cylinder 1 there is the switching rod 5, and for each of the three phases the three fixed selector contacts already described are arranged, ie the contacts 2 1, 3 1,4 1 in a horizontal plane for one phase, contacts 2 2, 3 2, 4 2 in a further horizontal plane for the second phase and contacts 2 3, 3 3, 4 3 finally for the third phase in a third horizontal plane Corresponding to the respective contacts, a pre-selection contact bridge 6 1, 6 2, 6 3 is arranged for each phase.When the preselector is pushed down by moving the selector rod, the contact pieces of the pre-selection contact bridges 6 1, 6 2, 6 3 leave first in all three phases simultaneously the corresponding contacts 2 1, 2 2, 2 3, the “+” contacts run down on the respective “0” contacts 3 1, 3 2, 3 3 and finally contact the respective “-” contacts 4 1 , 4 2, 4 3 In each horizontal level assigned to a specific phase, the areas of the fixed preselector contacts are each shielded by upper shields 40 1 a, 40 2a, 40 3a and lower shields 40 1 b, 40 2b
An ihrem oberen Ende ist die Schaltstange 5 mit einem Hebel 41 versehen, der mittels eines Querbolzens 42 in einem Lager 43 im Bereich des Stufenschalterkopfes gelagert ist Dieser Querbolzen 42 wiederum steht in Verbindung mit einer Kurbel 44, die an ihrem freien Ende eine Schwenkbewegung vom Malteserantrieb des Stufenschalters abgreift Die Schwenkbewegung der Kurbel 44, die gleichzeitig den Lagerpunkt markiert, übertragt sich auf eine Schwenkbewegung des Hebels 41 in vertikaler Richtung, die auf die Schaltstange 5 übertragen wird Der beschriebene Betatigungsmechanismus ist an einer oberen Traverse 46 angelenkt, die gleichzeitig die obere Befestigung des Vorwählers am Stufenschalter realisiert. At its upper end, the shift rod 5 is provided with a lever 41 which is mounted in a bearing 43 in the region of the tap changer head by means of a cross pin 42. This cross pin 42 is in turn connected to a crank 44 which has a pivoting movement at its free end from the Maltese drive of the tap changer. The pivoting movement of the crank 44, which simultaneously marks the bearing point, is transmitted to a pivoting movement of the lever 41 in the vertical direction, which is transmitted to the switching rod 5. The actuating mechanism described is on an upper cross member 46 is articulated, which at the same time realizes the upper attachment of the preselector to the tap changer.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 Stufenschalter mit einem Vorwahler zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen verschiedenen Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators, wobei feste Vorwahlerkontakte außerhalb des Stufenschalters in dessen Längsrichtung nach zu schaltenden Phasen getrennt in einer Linie angeordnet und durch eine in dieser Längsrichtung verschiebbare Schaltstange betatigbar sind und wobei die Schaltstange für jede zu schaltende Phase eine elektrisch leitende1 tap changer with a pre-selector for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of a tap changer, whereby fixed pre-selector contacts outside the tap changer in the longitudinal direction of the phases to be switched are arranged separately in a line and can be actuated by a shift rod that can be shifted in this longitudinal direction and the shift rod for each switchable one Phase an electrically conductive
Vorwahierkontaktbrucke aufweist, die derart bemessen ist, daß jeweils zwei benachbarte festeHas Vorwahierkontaktbrucke, which is dimensioned such that two adjacent fixed
Vorwahlerkontakte uberbruckbar sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gesamte Vorwahler als vom Stufenschalter getrennte Baugruppe in einem separatenPreloader contacts that can be bridged are characterized in that the entire preselector is a separate assembly from the tap changer
Isolierstoffgehause (1 , 23) untergebracht ist, in dessen Inneren die Schaltstange (5, 27) verlauft, daß die festen Vorwahlerkontakte (2, 3, 4, 24, 25, 26) kreisförmig ausgebildet und konzentrisch um dieIsolierstoffgehause (1, 23) is housed, inside the switch rod (5, 27) that the fixed pre-selector contacts (2, 3, 4, 24, 25, 26) are circular and concentric around the
Schaltstange (5, 27) herum in unterschiedlichen Ebenen im Inneren des Isolierstoffgehauses (1 , 23) angeordnet sind und daß an jeder der Vorwahlerkontaktbrucken (6, 28) radial federnde Kontaktstucke (8, 9, 10, 11 , 17, 18,Switch rod (5, 27) are arranged around the interior of the insulating material housing (1, 23) in different levels and that radially resilient contact pieces (8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18,
30, 31 ) angeordnet sind, derart, daß diese beim Auflaufen auf einen der festen Vorwahlerkontakte (2, 3,30, 31) are arranged in such a way that when they run onto one of the fixed preselector contacts (2, 3,
4, 24, 25, 26) jeweils gegen eine Federkraft nach innen druckbar sind4, 24, 25, 26) can each be pressed inwards against a spring force
2 Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der Vorwahlerkontaktbrucken (6, 28) ) einen die Schaltstange (5, 27) zumindest teilweise umschließenden Kontakttrager (7, 29) aufweist, an dem die Kontaktstucke (8, 9, 10, 11 , 17, 18, 30, 31 ) angeordnet sind2 tap changer according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the pre-selection contact bridges (6, 28)) has a switching rod (5, 27) at least partially enclosing contact carrier (7, 29) on which the contact pieces (8, 9, 10, 11th , 17, 18, 30, 31) are arranged
3 Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Federwirkung der Kontaktstucke (8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 17, 18, 30, 31 ) jeweils durch Federpaare (12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 32, 33), die sich gegen die Schaltstange (5, 27) oder den Kontakttrager (7, 29) abstutzen, erreicht wird3 step switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spring action of the contact pieces (8, 9, 10, 1 1, 17, 18, 30, 31) each by pairs of springs (12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 32, 33), which are supported against the switching rod (5, 27) or the contact carrier (7, 29)
4 Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch obere und untere Anschlage (16, 34) der Federweg der Kontaktstucke (8, 9, 10, 11 , 17, 18, 30, 31 ) begrenzbar ist4 tap changer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the spring travel of the contact pieces (8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 30, 31) can be limited by upper and lower stops (16, 34)
5 Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Querbolzen (21 ) mit einem äußeren Anschlag, die jeweils in Bohrungen geführt sind, der Federweg der Kontaktstücke (8, 9, 10, 1 1 ; 17, 18; 30, 31 ) begrenzbar ist.5 tap changer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the spring travel of the contact pieces (8, 9, 10, 1 1; 17, 18; 30, 31) can be limited by transverse bolts (21) with an outer stop, which are each guided in bores.
6. Stufenschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Kontaktstücke (30, 31 ) in ihrem Mittenbereich (35, 36) verjüngt, d.h. nach innen eingezogen sind, derart, daß bei Betätigung eine Doppelunterbrechung, d.h. ein gleichzeitiges Verlassen jeweils der beiden benachbarten festen Wählerkontakte, die bisher kontaktiert waren, erfolgt. Step switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual contact pieces (30, 31) tapers in their central region (35, 36), i.e. are drawn inwards in such a way that a double break, i.e. a simultaneous leaving of the two adjacent fixed selector contacts that were previously contacted takes place.
EP99927873A 1998-08-12 1999-06-04 Step switch with selector Expired - Lifetime EP1105896B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19836463A DE19836463C1 (en) 1998-08-12 1998-08-12 Electric stepping switch for stepping transformer
DE19836463 1998-08-12
PCT/EP1999/003868 WO2000010182A1 (en) 1998-08-12 1999-06-04 Step switch with selector

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EP1105896A1 true EP1105896A1 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1105896B1 EP1105896B1 (en) 2002-04-10

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JP (1) JP4588880B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100407621B1 (en)
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AT (1) ATE216124T1 (en)
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BG (1) BG63834B1 (en)
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EP1105896B1 (en) 2002-04-10
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JP2002522918A (en) 2002-07-23
BG104588A (en) 2001-01-31
JP4588880B2 (en) 2010-12-01
CN1123020C (en) 2003-10-01
HK1036875A1 (en) 2002-01-18
CZ20001327A3 (en) 2000-08-16
AU4506699A (en) 2000-03-06
ATE216124T1 (en) 2002-04-15
PL351754A1 (en) 2003-06-16
KR100407621B1 (en) 2003-11-28
CZ297115B6 (en) 2006-09-13
US6849813B1 (en) 2005-02-01
BG63834B1 (en) 2003-02-28
HU223889B1 (en) 2005-03-29
CN1275240A (en) 2000-11-29
WO2000010182A1 (en) 2000-02-24
RU2219609C2 (en) 2003-12-20
DE59901215D1 (en) 2002-05-16
HUP0100174A3 (en) 2002-09-30
UA53800C2 (en) 2003-02-17
BR9907917B1 (en) 2013-05-28
BR9907917A (en) 2001-09-11
KR20010071953A (en) 2001-07-31
RO118989B1 (en) 2004-01-30
HUP0100174A2 (en) 2001-05-28
PL192641B1 (en) 2006-11-30

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