EP0132662B1 - Load selector for tapped transformers - Google Patents

Load selector for tapped transformers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0132662B1
EP0132662B1 EP84107912A EP84107912A EP0132662B1 EP 0132662 B1 EP0132662 B1 EP 0132662B1 EP 84107912 A EP84107912 A EP 84107912A EP 84107912 A EP84107912 A EP 84107912A EP 0132662 B1 EP0132662 B1 EP 0132662B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
contacts
switching contacts
switching
contact carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP84107912A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0132662A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Widmann
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Transformatoren Union AG
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Transformatoren Union AG
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Priority to AT84107912T priority Critical patent/ATE23074T1/en
Publication of EP0132662A1 publication Critical patent/EP0132662A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to load selectors for step transformers for switching from one tap to the next with fixed step contacts arranged on a circle connected to the taps and with switching contacts of three current branches on a common contact carrier which can simultaneously be pivoted on the circular arc.
  • the respective outer switching contacts are each in series with a contact resistance. This results in the so-called flag switching, which is particularly favorable with regard to the switching power that is controlled at the individual contacts.
  • the width of the fixed contacts must be greater than half the distance from contact rollers that represent resistance contacts, and the distance of these contact rollers must be greater than the distance between two adjacent fixed contacts. From these conditions, however, it follows that the lay distance in the rest position between each resistance contact and the respectively adjacent fixed contact is relatively small, based on the center distance between two adjacent fixed contacts. In order to control the highest possible operating voltages, however, the largest possible gaps, d. H. The largest possible distances between the contact rollers and the adjacent fixed contacts that do not carry any current are required.
  • the resistance contacts are designed to be pivotable, wherein when the movable contact system moves to one side, the resistance contact abutting the fixed contact from the other side when touching the fixed contact Contact is pivoted away from the middle switching contact. This results in a greater distance for the intermediate position when switching the known load selector between the pivoted resistance switching contact and the main switching contact lying in the middle than in the rest position. For a certain assumed diameter of the contact system, this leads to a larger stroke distance in the rest position than can be achieved by contact arrangements with non-pivoting resistance contacts.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a contact arrangement for load selectors which, for a given diameter of the contact system, enables a further increase in the impact distance between the switching contacts and the adjacent fixed contacts which are not carrying any load current.
  • the distance of the outer switch contacts in a spread position during a switching operation is about 25% larger than in the rest position and that the levers carrying the outer switch contacts are pivotable about axes arranged symmetrically to the middle switch contact.
  • the two levers carrying the outer switching contacts are identical to one another and fork-shaped on both arms and have two coupling devices with play that are displaced in the axial direction against one another via two congruently or symmetrically designed arms are coupled together, the switching contacts themselves being designed as rollers.
  • the middle switching contact is expediently carried by a one-armed lever which can be pivoted about one of the two axes guiding the two-armed lever, and is supported on the contact carrier by a spring which generates the contact pressure.
  • axles guiding the levers are guided at a greater distance past the fixed step contacts than the axes of the roles representing the switching contacts and that the surface of the fixed step contacts is bulged in the direction of the pivot axis of the contact carrier.
  • the contact arrangement according to the invention is very advantageous for load selectors, because on the one hand through the coupling of the outer Wegkon. clock-bearing two-armed lever, the distance between the outer switching contacts during a switching process is relatively large, and thus large distances between the fixed contacts can be bridged, and because on the other hand, due to the contact of the outer switching contacts with the selected fixed contact in the rest position, large distances between the movable switching contacts and the fixed contacts that are adjacent to them are observed.
  • Figures 1 to 7 show a contact arrangement according to the invention in the successively passed through positions during a switchover.
  • FIG. 8 shows a section through such a contact arrangement along the planes connecting the contact roller axes and the pivot axes of the levers to one another.
  • step contacts On the inside of an insulating cylinder 1, which is only shown in section in section, fixed step contacts are arranged on a circle at equal intervals, of which only the two step contacts 2 and 3 lie in the section shown.
  • the stage contacts 2 and 3 are electrically connected to taps assigned to them of a fine-stage winding of a transformer.
  • a contact carrier 4 with switch contacts 5, 6 and 7 is pivotable about the axis of the insulating cylinder 1.
  • the switch contact 5 rests against one of the step contacts.
  • the switch contacts 5, 6 and 7 are designed as rollers and are mounted on axes 8. 9 and 10.
  • the axis 8 guiding the switching contact 5 is carried by a one-armed lever 11, which in turn is pivotably seated on an axis 13 together with a two-armed lever 12 carrying the switching contact 7.
  • Another two-armed lever 14 carries the switching contact 6 and sits on an axis 15.
  • the arms of the levers 14 and 12 opposite the switching contact 6 and 7 are coupled with one another in such a way that they take each other in opposite directions of rotation.
  • Bolts 16 or meshing gear segments serve as a coupling in slots 17 with play. Both the arms of the levers 12 and 14 and the lever 11 are fork-shaped to accommodate the switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 and the springs loading them.
  • Springs 18 pull the mutually coupled ends of the levers 12 and 14 into the contact carrier 4 such that the arms of the levers 12 and 14 carrying the switch contacts 6 and 7 are constantly loaded with a moment in the direction of the switch contact 5.
  • the switch contact 5, in turn, is loaded in the direction of the insulating cylinder 1 by a spring (not shown) and, due to the geometrical arrangement of the lever 11 within the contact carrier 4, can essentially only be moved in the radial direction of the insulating cylinder 1.
  • Leaf springs 19 press in the axial direction on the axes 8, 9 and 10 leading the switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 and ensure a low-resistance connection of the switching contacts to their derivatives.
  • Fig. 2 shows the position shortly before the switch contact 7 has completely reached the step contact 2. At the same time, however, there is still contact between the switching contact 5 and the step contact 2.
  • the switch contact 5 runs from the step contact 2 and the load current is taken over by the switch contact 7.
  • the switch contacts 6 and 7 are spread far apart from the middle switch contact 5, so that when the switch contact 5 expires from the step contact, as shown in FIG. 3, the switch contact 6 is already immediately before the step contact 3.
  • the individual switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 should each have the highest possible switching capacity when the switching arc is interrupted in the event of a contact separation. It is advantageous for this that the contact separation takes place at the highest possible speed so that a sufficiently large contact distance is achieved in a sufficiently short time. In view of this, it is advantageous to bulge the stepped contacts 2 and 3 in the direction of the axis of the insulating cylinder 1, so that 'the pivoting movement of the two-armed lever starts earlier at the end of a switchover than the respective outer switch contacts 6 and 7 over the edge of the currently touched step contact expires.

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  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

1. A load selector for tapped transformers for changing over from one tapping to the next one, comprising fixed step contacts (2, 3) which are arranged in a circle and connected to the tappings and switching contacts (5, 6, 7) from three current branches on a common contact carrier (4) which contacts can be simultaneously swivelled along the arc of a circle, - wherein all switching contacts (5, 6, 7) in each case carry the potential of the same step contact (2, 3) in their rest position, - wherein during swivelling of the contact carrier (4), the central switching contact (5) is substantially only moved in the radial direction in relation to the contact carrier (4), - wherein during swivelling of the contact carrier (4) the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled in relation to the contact carrier (4) on levers (14, 12) which are positioned on the contact carrier (4), and - wherein the movements of the switching contacts (5, 6, 7) in relation to the contact carrier (4) are controlled by the step contacts (2, 3) which simultaneously constitute cams, characterised in - that each of the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) is supported by the free end of an arm of a two-armed lever (14, 12), - that the ends of the other arms of said two-armed levers (14, 12) are mechanically coupled to one another (16, 17) in such a manner, - that in the rest position of the contact carrier (4), the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled to the flanks of the respectively selected fixed step contact (2, 3) by means of spring force (18), and - that when one of the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) runs up on to a fixed step contact (2, 3) the lever arms supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled in opposite directions against the spring force (18) and the lever arms (14, 12) supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) are thereby spread out from the central switching contact (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Lastwähler für Stufentransformatoren zum Umschalten von einer Anzapfung zur nächsten mit auf einem Kreis angeordneten mit den Anzapfungen verbundenen festen Stufenkontakten und mit auf dem Kreisbogen gleichzeitig verschwenkbaren Schaltkontakten von drei Stromzweigen auf einem gemeinsamen Kontaktträger.The invention relates to load selectors for step transformers for switching from one tap to the next with fixed step contacts arranged on a circle connected to the taps and with switching contacts of three current branches on a common contact carrier which can simultaneously be pivoted on the circular arc.

Für derartige Lastwähler ist es durch die EP-A-0029467 bekannt, daß alle Schaltkontakte in ihrer Ruhestellung jeweils das Potential desselben Stufenkontaktes führen, daß beim Verschwenken des Kontaktträgers der mittlere Schaltkontakt gegenüber dem Kontaktträger im wesentlichen nur in radialer Richtung bewegt ist und daß beim Verschwenken des Kontaktträgers die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte auf an dem Kontaktträger gelagerten Hebeln gegenüber dem Kontaktträger verschwenkt werden, wobei die Bewegungen der Schaltkontakte gegenüber dem Kontaktträger von den gleichzeitig Nocken darstellenden festen Stufenkontakten gesteuert sind.For such load selectors, it is known from EP-A-0029467 that all switch contacts each have the potential of the same step contact in their rest position, that when the contact carrier is pivoted, the middle switch contact is essentially only moved in the radial direction relative to the contact carrier, and that when pivoting of the contact carrier, the two outer switching contacts are pivoted on levers mounted on the contact carrier relative to the contact carrier, the movements of the switching contacts relative to the contact carrier being controlled by the fixed step contacts which simultaneously represent cams.

Üblicherweise liegen die jeweils äußeren Schaltkontakte mit je einem Überschaltwiderstand in Reihe. Dadurch ergibt sich die sogenannte Fahnenschaltung, die hinsichtlich der an den Einzelkontakten jeweils beherrschten Schaltleistung besonders günstig ist.Usually, the respective outer switching contacts are each in series with a contact resistance. This results in the so-called flag switching, which is particularly favorable with regard to the switching power that is controlled at the individual contacts.

In der Ruhestellung dieses bekannten Lastwählers fließt der Betriebsstrom des Transformators von einem feststehenden Kontakt über den in der Mitte liegenden Hauptschaltkontakt, während die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte Widerstandskontakte darstellen und in der Ruhestellung des Lastwählers stromlos sind. Zur Gewährleistung einer unterbrechungsfreien Umschaltung muß in einer Zwischenstellung jeweils ein Widerstandskontakt früher auf den bis dahin den Strom führenden festen Kontakt auflaufen als der Hauptschaltkontakt von diesem festen Kontakt abläuft. Entsprechend muß vor dem Ablauf des den Strom führenden Widerstandskontaktes von dem bis dahin den Strom führenden festen Kontakt der zweite Widerstandskontakt bereits den folgenden festen Kontakt berühren.In the rest position of this known load selector, the operating current of the transformer flows from a fixed contact via the main switch contact located in the middle, while the two outer switch contacts represent resistance contacts and are de-energized in the rest position of the load selector. In order to ensure an uninterrupted switchover, in an intermediate position, one resistance contact each must run earlier onto the fixed contact that was carrying the current than the main switch contact runs from this fixed contact. Accordingly, the second resistance contact must already touch the following fixed contact before the resistance contact carrying current flows out of the fixed contact carrying the current.

Um diese Bedingungen zu erfüllen, muß hierbei die Breite der festen Kontakte größer als der halbe Abstand von Widerstandskontakte darstellenden Kontaktrollen sein und muß der Abstand dieser Kontaktrollen größer als der Abstand zweier benachbarter fester Kontakte sein. Aus diesen Bedingungen ergibt sich jedoch, daß die Schlagweite in Ruhestellung zwischen je einem Widerstandskontakt und dem jeweils benachbarten feststehenden Kontakt relativ klein ist, bezogen auf den Mittenabstand zweier benachbarter feststehender Kontakte. Zur Beherrschung von möglichst hohen Betriebsspannungen sind jedoch möglichst große Schlagweiten, d. h. möglichst große Abstände zwischen den Kontaktrollen und den benachbarten jeweils keinen Strom führenden festen Kontakten erforderlich.In order to meet these conditions, the width of the fixed contacts must be greater than half the distance from contact rollers that represent resistance contacts, and the distance of these contact rollers must be greater than the distance between two adjacent fixed contacts. From these conditions, however, it follows that the lay distance in the rest position between each resistance contact and the respectively adjacent fixed contact is relatively small, based on the center distance between two adjacent fixed contacts. In order to control the highest possible operating voltages, however, the largest possible gaps, d. H. The largest possible distances between the contact rollers and the adjacent fixed contacts that do not carry any current are required.

Um günstige Bedingungen zu erreichen, sind bei der Anordnung gemäß der obengenannten EP-A-029467 die Widerstandskontakte schwenkbar ausgeführt, wobei bei einer Bewegung des beweglichen Kontaktsystems nach einer Seite der von der anderen Seite her gegen den feststehenden Kontakt stoßende Widerstandskontakt beim Berühren mit dem feststehenden Kontakt von dem mittleren Schaltkontakt abgeschwenkt wird. Dadurch ergibt sich für die Zwischenstellung beim Schalten des bekannten Lastwählers zwischen dem ausgeschwenkten Widerstandsschaltkontakt und dem in der Mitte liegenden Hauptschaltkontakt ein größerer Abstand als in der Ruhestellung. Dies führt für einen bestimmten angenommenen Durchmesser des Kontaktsystems zu einer größeren Schlagweite in Ruhestellung als durch Kontaktanordnungen mit nicht schwenkbaren Widerstandskontakten erreichbar sind.In order to achieve favorable conditions, in the arrangement according to the above-mentioned EP-A-029467, the resistance contacts are designed to be pivotable, wherein when the movable contact system moves to one side, the resistance contact abutting the fixed contact from the other side when touching the fixed contact Contact is pivoted away from the middle switching contact. This results in a greater distance for the intermediate position when switching the known load selector between the pivoted resistance switching contact and the main switching contact lying in the middle than in the rest position. For a certain assumed diameter of the contact system, this leads to a larger stroke distance in the rest position than can be achieved by contact arrangements with non-pivoting resistance contacts.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde für Lastwähler eine Kontaktanordnung zu schaffen, die bei gegebenem Durchmesser des Kontaktsystems eine weitere Vergrößerung der Schlagweite zwischen den Schaltkontakten und den jeweils benachbarten gerade keinen Laststrom führenden festen Kontakte ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of creating a contact arrangement for load selectors which, for a given diameter of the contact system, enables a further increase in the impact distance between the switching contacts and the adjacent fixed contacts which are not carrying any load current.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst,

  • - daß jeder der beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte vom freien Ende eines Armes je eines zweiarmigen Hebels getragen ist,
  • - daß die Enden der anderen Arme dieser zweiarmigen Hebel mechanisch miteinander so gekuppelt sind,
  • - daß die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte in Ruhestellung des Kontaktträgers durch Federkraft bis an die Flanken des jeweils angewählten festen Stufenkontaktes geschwenkt sind und
  • - daß beim Auflaufen von einem der beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte auf einen festen Stufenkontakt die die äußeren Schaltkontakte tragenden Hebelarme gegen die Federkraft in einander entgegengesetzten Richtungen verschwenkt werden und dabei die die äußeren Schaltkontakte tragenden Hebelarme von dem mittleren Schaltkontakt abgespreizt sind.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by
  • - That each of the two outer switching contacts is carried by the free end of one arm of a two-armed lever,
  • that the ends of the other arms of these two-armed levers are mechanically coupled to one another,
  • - That the two outer switch contacts are pivoted in the rest position of the contact carrier by spring force to the flanks of the respectively selected fixed step contact and
  • - That when one of the two outer switching contacts comes into contact with a fixed step contact, the lever arms carrying the outer switching contacts are pivoted in opposite directions against the spring force and the lever arms carrying the outer switching contacts are spread apart from the middle switching contact.

Nach vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Abstand der äußeren Schaltkontakte in auseinandergespreizter Lage während eines Schaltvorganges etwa 25 % größer ist als in der Ruhestellung und daß die die äußeren Schaltkontakte tragenden Hebel um symmetrisch zum mittleren Schaltkontakt angeordnete Achsen schwenkbar sind.According to advantageous embodiments of the invention it is provided that the distance of the outer switch contacts in a spread position during a switching operation is about 25% larger than in the rest position and that the levers carrying the outer switch contacts are pivotable about axes arranged symmetrically to the middle switch contact.

Weitere Ausgestaltungsmerkmale der Erfindung bestehen darin, daß die beiden die äußeren Schaltkontakte tragenden Hebel einander gleich und an beiden Armen gabelförmig sind und über zwei kongruent oder symmetrisch zueinander ausgebildete in Achsrichtung gegeneinander verschobene Koppeleinrichtungen mit Spiel miteinander gekuppelt sind, wobei die Schaltkontakte selbst als Rollen ausgebildet sind. Dabei ist der mittlere Schaltkontakt zweckmäßig von einem um eine der beiden die zweiarmigen Hebel führenden Achsen schwenkbaren einarmigen Hebel getragen, und stützt sich über eine den Kontaktdruck erzeugende Feder am Kontaktträger ab.Further design features of the invention consist in the fact that the two levers carrying the outer switching contacts are identical to one another and fork-shaped on both arms and have two coupling devices with play that are displaced in the axial direction against one another via two congruently or symmetrically designed arms are coupled together, the switching contacts themselves being designed as rollers. The middle switching contact is expediently carried by a one-armed lever which can be pivoted about one of the two axes guiding the two-armed lever, and is supported on the contact carrier by a spring which generates the contact pressure.

Nach zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die die Hebel führenden Achsen in einem größeren Abstand an den festen Stufenkontakten vorbeigeführt sind als die Achsen der die Schaltkontakte darstellenden Rollen und daß die Oberfläche der festen Stufenkontakte in Richtung auf die Schwenkachse des Kontaktträgers vorgewölbt ist.According to expedient developments of the invention it is provided that the axles guiding the levers are guided at a greater distance past the fixed step contacts than the axes of the roles representing the switching contacts and that the surface of the fixed step contacts is bulged in the direction of the pivot axis of the contact carrier.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kontaktanordnung ist für Lastwähler sehr vorteilhaft, weil einerseits durch die Kupplung der die äußeren Schaltkon. takte tragenden zweiarmigen Hebel der Abstand der äußeren Schaltkontakte während eines Schaltvorganges verhältnismäßig groß ist, und dadurch große Abstände zwischen den festen Kontakten überbrückbar sind, und weil andererseits durch das Anliegen der äußeren Schaltkontakte an dem jeweils angewählten festen Kontakt in Ruhestellung große Abstände zwischen den bewegbaren Schaltkontakten und den diesen jeweils benachbarten festen Kontakten eingehalten sind.The contact arrangement according to the invention is very advantageous for load selectors, because on the one hand through the coupling of the outer Schaltkon. clock-bearing two-armed lever, the distance between the outer switching contacts during a switching process is relatively large, and thus large distances between the fixed contacts can be bridged, and because on the other hand, due to the contact of the outer switching contacts with the selected fixed contact in the rest position, large distances between the movable switching contacts and the fixed contacts that are adjacent to them are observed.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.

Figur 1 bis 7 zeigen eine erfindungsgemäße Kontaktanordnung in den nacheinander durchlaufenen Stellungen während einer Umschaltung.Figures 1 to 7 show a contact arrangement according to the invention in the successively passed through positions during a switchover.

Figur 8 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine derartige Kontaktanordnung entlang der die Kontaktrollenachsen und die Schwenkachsen der Hebel miteinander verbindenden Ebenen.FIG. 8 shows a section through such a contact arrangement along the planes connecting the contact roller axes and the pivot axes of the levers to one another.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Auf der Innenseite eines nur ausschnittsweise im Schnitt dargestellten Isolierzylinders 1 sind auf einem Kreis mit untereinander gleichen Abständen feste Stufenkontakte angeordnet, von denen nur die beiden Stufenkontakte 2 und 3 in dem dargestellten Ausschnitt liegen. Die Stufenkontakte 2 und 3 sind mit ihnen zugeordneten Anzapfungen einer Feinstufenwicklung eines Transformators elektrisch verbunden.On the inside of an insulating cylinder 1, which is only shown in section in section, fixed step contacts are arranged on a circle at equal intervals, of which only the two step contacts 2 and 3 lie in the section shown. The stage contacts 2 and 3 are electrically connected to taps assigned to them of a fine-stage winding of a transformer.

Ein Kontaktträger 4 mit Schaltkontakten 5, 6 und 7 ist um die Achse des Isolierzylinders 1 schwenkbar. In den Ruhestellungen des Kontaktträgers 4 liegt der Schaltkontakt 5 an jeweils einem der Stufenkontakte an. Beispielsweise in der Stellung gemäß Fig. 1 an dem Stufenkontakt 2 und in der Stellung gemäß Fig. 7 an dem Stufenkontakt 3. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Schaltkontakte 5, 6 und 7 als Rollen ausgeführt und auf Achsen 8. 9 und 10 gelagert.A contact carrier 4 with switch contacts 5, 6 and 7 is pivotable about the axis of the insulating cylinder 1. In the rest positions of the contact carrier 4, the switch contact 5 rests against one of the step contacts. For example, in the position according to FIG. 1 on the step contact 2 and in the position according to FIG. 7 on the step contact 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the switch contacts 5, 6 and 7 are designed as rollers and are mounted on axes 8. 9 and 10.

Die den Schaltkontakt 5 führende Achse 8 ist von einem einarmigen Hebel 11 getragen, der seinerseits gemeinsam mit einem den Schaltkontakt 7 tragenden zweiarmigen Hebel 12 schwenkbar auf einer Achse 13 sitzt. Ein weiterer zweiarmiger Hebel 14 trägt den Schaltkontakt 6 und sitzt auf einer Achse 15. Die den Schaltkontakt 6 bzw. 7 gegenüberliegenden Arme der Hebel 14 bzw. 12 sind so miteinander gekuppelt, daß sie sich gegenseitig in jeweils entgegengesetztem Drehsinn mitnehmen.The axis 8 guiding the switching contact 5 is carried by a one-armed lever 11, which in turn is pivotably seated on an axis 13 together with a two-armed lever 12 carrying the switching contact 7. Another two-armed lever 14 carries the switching contact 6 and sits on an axis 15. The arms of the levers 14 and 12 opposite the switching contact 6 and 7 are coupled with one another in such a way that they take each other in opposite directions of rotation.

Als Kupplung dienen in Schlitze 17 mit Spiel eingreifende Bolzen 16 oder miteinander kämmende Zahnradsegmente. Zur Unterbringung der Schaltkonakte 5, 6 und 7 sowie von diese belastende Federn sind sowohl die Arme der Hebel 12 und 14 als auch der Hebel 11 gabelförmig ausgeführt.Bolts 16 or meshing gear segments serve as a coupling in slots 17 with play. Both the arms of the levers 12 and 14 and the lever 11 are fork-shaped to accommodate the switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 and the springs loading them.

Federn 18 ziehen die miteinander gekuppelten Enden der Hebel 12 und 14 so in den Kontaktträger 4, daß die die Schaltkontakte 6 und 7 tragenden Arme der Hebel 12 und 14 ständig mit einem Moment in Richtung auf den Schaltkontakt 5 belastet sind. Der Schaltkontakt 5 seinerseits ist in Richtung auf den Isolierzylinder 1 durch eine nicht dargestellte Feder belastet und ist aufgrund der geometrischen Anordnung des Hebels 11 innerhalb des Kontaktträgers 4 im wesentlichen nur in radialer Richtung des Isolierzylinders 1 bewegbar. Blattfedern 19 drücken in Achsrichtung auf die die Schaltkontakte 5, 6 und 7 führenden Achsen 8, 9 und 10 und gewährleisten einen niederohmigen Anschluß der Schaltkontakte an deren Ableitungen.Springs 18 pull the mutually coupled ends of the levers 12 and 14 into the contact carrier 4 such that the arms of the levers 12 and 14 carrying the switch contacts 6 and 7 are constantly loaded with a moment in the direction of the switch contact 5. The switch contact 5, in turn, is loaded in the direction of the insulating cylinder 1 by a spring (not shown) and, due to the geometrical arrangement of the lever 11 within the contact carrier 4, can essentially only be moved in the radial direction of the insulating cylinder 1. Leaf springs 19 press in the axial direction on the axes 8, 9 and 10 leading the switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 and ensure a low-resistance connection of the switching contacts to their derivatives.

Ausgehend von einer Lastwählerstellung gemäß Fig. 1 wird beim Umschalten des Schaltkontaktes 5 von dem Stufenkontakt 2 auf den Stufenkontakt 3 der Schaltkontakt 7 beim Auflaufen auf den Stufenkontakt 2 angehoben und schwenkt dabei den zweiarmigen Hebel 12 im Uhrzeigersinn. Gleichzeitig wird durch den Eingriff der Bolzen 16 in die Schlitze 17 der zweiarmige Hebel 14 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn um seine Achse 15 geschwenkt und hebt dabei den Schaltkontakt 6 an. Fig. 2 zeigt die Stellung kurz bevor der Schaltkontakt 7 ganz auf den Stufenkontakt 2 aufgelaufen ist. Gleichzeitig besteht jedoch bis hierher noch immer der Kontakt zwischen dem Schaltkontakt 5 und dem Stufenkontakt 2.Starting from a load selector position according to FIG. 1, when switching contact 5 is switched from step contact 2 to step contact 3, switching contact 7 is raised when it comes into contact with step contact 2, thereby pivoting the two-armed lever 12 in a clockwise direction. At the same time, the engagement of the bolts 16 in the slots 17 causes the two-armed lever 14 to be pivoted counterclockwise about its axis 15 and thereby raises the switching contact 6. Fig. 2 shows the position shortly before the switch contact 7 has completely reached the step contact 2. At the same time, however, there is still contact between the switching contact 5 and the step contact 2.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Umschaltung läuft der Schaltkontakt 5 von dem Stufenkontakt 2 ab und der Laststrom wird vom Schaltkontakt 7 übernommen. Infolge der Schwenkbewegungen der zweiarmigen Hebel 12 und 14 sind die Schaltkontakte 6 und 7 weit von dem mittleren Schaltkontakt 5 abgespreizt, so daß beim Ablaufen des Schaltkontakts 5 vom Stufenkontakt, wie Fig. 3 zeigt, der Schaltkontakt 6 bereits unmittelbar vor dem Stufenkontakt 3 steht.In the further course of the switchover, the switch contact 5 runs from the step contact 2 and the load current is taken over by the switch contact 7. As a result of the pivoting movements of the two-armed levers 12 and 14, the switch contacts 6 and 7 are spread far apart from the middle switch contact 5, so that when the switch contact 5 expires from the step contact, as shown in FIG. 3, the switch contact 6 is already immediately before the step contact 3.

Beim folgenden Auflaufen des Schaltkontaktes 6 auf den Stufenkontakt 3 haben, wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist, die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte 6 und 7 Kontakt mit den beiden einander benachbarten Stufenkontakten 2 und 3. Dadurch ist der zwischen den Stufenkontakten 2 und 3 liegende Wicklungsteil des nicht dargestellten Transformators kurzgeschlossen und es fließt ein entsprechender Stufenkurzschlußstrom. Die Höhe dieses Stufenkurzschlußstromes wird in üblicher Weise durch nicht dargestellte mit den Schaltkontakten 6 und 7 elektrisch in Reihe liegenden Überschaltwiderständen auf ein vertretbares Maß begrenzt.When the switching contact 6 subsequently runs onto the step contact 3, as can be seen from FIG. 4, the two outer switching contacts 6 and 7 have contact with the two adjacent step contacts 2 and 3. As a result, the winding part lying between the step contacts 2 and 3 is Not shown transformer short-circuited and a corresponding step short-circuit current flows. The height this step short-circuit current is limited to an acceptable level in the usual way by switching resistors, not shown, which are electrically connected in series with the switching contacts 6 and 7.

Schon sehr kurze Zeit nach dem Auflaufen des Schaltkontaktes 6 auf den Stufenkontakt 3 läuft der Schaltkontakt 7 vom Stufenkontakt 2 ab, und unterbricht dadurch den Stufenkurzschluß. Bei dieser in Fig. 5 dargestellten Position führt allein der Schaltkontakt 6 den Laststrom. Im weiteren Verlauf wird jedoch sehr schnell die Position gemäß Fig. 6 erreicht, in der der mittlere Schaltkontakt 5 mit dem Stufenkontakt 3 in Verbindung kommt, und den Laststrom vom Schaltkontakt 6 abzieht.A very short time after the switching contact 6 has run onto the step contact 3, the switching contact 7 runs from the step contact 2 and thereby interrupts the step short circuit. In this position shown in FIG. 5, only the switching contact 6 carries the load current. In the further course, however, the position according to FIG. 6 is reached very quickly, in which the middle switching contact 5 comes into contact with the step contact 3 and draws the load current from the switching contact 6.

Während der Schaltkontakt 5 auf die Mitte des Stufenkontakts 3 weiterläuft, rollt der Schaltkontakt 6 über die Kante des Stufenkontaktes 3, so daß der zweiarmige Hebel 14 durch die ihn belastende Feder 18 im Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt wird. Dabei wird durch die Kupplung über die Bolzen 16 und die Schlitze 17 der zweiarmige Hebel 12 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt, so daß die Schaltkontakte 6 und 7 die in Fig. 7 dargestellte Position neben dem Stufenkontakt 3 einnehmen.While the switch contact 5 continues to the middle of the step contact 3, the switch contact 6 rolls over the edge of the step contact 3, so that the two-armed lever 14 is pivoted clockwise by the spring 18 loading it. The two-armed lever 12 is pivoted counterclockwise by the coupling via the bolts 16 and the slots 17, so that the switching contacts 6 and 7 assume the position shown in FIG. 7 next to the step contact 3.

Die einzelnen Schaltkontakte 5, 6 und 7 sollen jeweils beim Unterbrechen des Schaltlichtbogens bei einer Kontakttrennung eine möglichst hohe Schaltleistung beherrschen. Vorteilhaft hierfür ist, daß die Kontakttrennung mit möglichst hoher Geschwindigkeit erfolgt, damit in ausreichend kurzer Zeit ein genügend großer Kontaktabstand erreicht wird. Im Hinblick hierauf ist es vorteilhaft, die Stufenkontakte 2 und 3 in Richtung auf die Achse des Isolierzylinders 1 vorzuwölben, so daß 'die Schwenkbewegung der zweiarmigen Hebel am Ende einer Umschaltung bereits früher einsetzt als der jeweilige der äußeren Schaltkontakte 6 und 7 über die Kante des gerade von ihm bestrichenen Stufenkontaktes abläuft.The individual switching contacts 5, 6 and 7 should each have the highest possible switching capacity when the switching arc is interrupted in the event of a contact separation. It is advantageous for this that the contact separation takes place at the highest possible speed so that a sufficiently large contact distance is achieved in a sufficiently short time. In view of this, it is advantageous to bulge the stepped contacts 2 and 3 in the direction of the axis of the insulating cylinder 1, so that 'the pivoting movement of the two-armed lever starts earlier at the end of a switchover than the respective outer switch contacts 6 and 7 over the edge of the currently touched step contact expires.

Claims (8)

1. A load selector for tapped transformers for changing over from one tapping to the next one, comprising fixed step contacts (2, 3) which are arranged in a circle and connected to the tappings and switching contacts (5, 6, 7) from three current branches on a common contact carrier (4) which contacts can be simultaneously swivelled along the arc of a circle,
- wherein all switching contacts (5, 6, 7) in each case carry the potential of the same step contact (2, 3) in their rest position,
- wherein during swivelling of the contact carrier (4), the central switching contact (5) is substantially only moved in the radial direction in relation to the contact carrier (4),
- wherein during swivelling of the contact carrier (4) the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled in relation to the contact carrier (4) on levers (14, 12) which are positioned on the contact carrier (4), and
- wherein the movements of the switching contacts (5, 6, 7) in relation to the contact carrier (4) are controlled by the step contacts (2, 3) which simultaneously constitute cams,
characterised in
- that each of the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) is supported by the free end of an arm of a two-armed lever (14, 12),
- that the ends of the other arms of said two-armed levers (14, 12) are mechanically coupled to one another (16, 17) in such a manner,
- that in the rest position of the contact carrier (4), the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled to the flanks of the respectively selected fixed step contact (2, 3) by means of spring force (18), and
- that when one of the two outer switching contacts (6, 7) runs up on to a fixed step contact (2, 3) the lever arms supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) are swivelled in opposite directions against the spring force (18) and the lever arms (14, 12) supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) are thereby spread out from the central switching contact (5).
2. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that in the spread-out position during a switching operation, the spacing of the outer switching contacts (6, 7) is greater by at least 25 % than in the rest position.
3. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the levers (14, 12) supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) can be swivelled about axes (15, 13) which are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central switching contact (5).
4. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 3, characterised in that the two levers (14. 12) supporting the outer switching contacts (6, 7) are identical and forked at both arms and are coupled to one another with play by means of two coupling devices (16, 17) which are formed so as to be congruent or symmetrical to one another with respect to the central switching contact (5).
5. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 to 4, characterised in that the switching contacts (5, 6, 7) are in the form of rollers.
6. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the central switching contact (5) is supported by a one-armed lever (11) which can be swivelled about one of the two axes (15) carrying the two-armed levers (14), and is supported on the contact carrier (4) by means of a spring which produces the contact pressure.
7. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 to 6, characterised in that the axes (13, 15) carrying the levers (11, 12, 14) are led past the fixed step contacts (2, 3) at a greater distance than the axes (8, 9, 10) of the rollers which constitute the switching contacts (5, 6, 7).
8. A load selector as claimed in Claim 1 to 7, characterised in that the surface of the fixed step contacts (2, 3) protrudes in the direction of the pivotal axis of the contact carrier.
EP84107912A 1983-07-22 1984-07-06 Load selector for tapped transformers Expired EP0132662B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84107912T ATE23074T1 (en) 1983-07-22 1984-07-06 LOAD SELECTOR FOR TAP TRANSFORMERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833326549 DE3326549A1 (en) 1983-07-22 1983-07-22 LOAD SELECTOR FOR STAGE TRANSFORMERS
DE3326549 1983-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0132662A1 EP0132662A1 (en) 1985-02-13
EP0132662B1 true EP0132662B1 (en) 1986-10-22

Family

ID=6204710

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84107912A Expired EP0132662B1 (en) 1983-07-22 1984-07-06 Load selector for tapped transformers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0132662B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6039809A (en)
AT (1) ATE23074T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3326549A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3416050A1 (en) * 1984-04-30 1985-10-31 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart LOAD SELECTOR FOR STAGE TRANSFORMERS
DE102010015051B4 (en) 2010-04-15 2012-06-14 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Mechanical switching contact
WO2012097958A1 (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL147571B (en) * 1971-05-03 1975-10-15 Smit Nijmegen Electrotec LOAD SELECTOR OR LOAD SELECTOR FINE SELECTOR WITH BYPASSING IMPEDANCES MOVING WITH THE MOVABLE CONTACTS.
DE2213264C2 (en) * 1972-03-18 1974-03-28 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck Kg, 8400 Regensburg Diverter switch for step transformers
BE821312A (en) * 1974-10-22 1975-02-17 SWITCH
DE2914928C2 (en) * 1979-04-12 1983-02-24 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrüder Scheubeck GmbH & Co KG, 8400 Regensburg Contact arrangement for load selectors of step transformers
EP0029467B1 (en) * 1979-11-21 1985-10-30 ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI (ACEC) Société Anonyme Electrical apparatus comprising a series of voltage taps and mobile selector equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6039809A (en) 1985-03-01
EP0132662A1 (en) 1985-02-13
ATE23074T1 (en) 1986-11-15
DE3326549A1 (en) 1985-02-07
DE3461037D1 (en) 1986-11-27

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