EP1105164A2 - Production d'images avec un peptide a chaine alpha fibrine marque au tc-99m - Google Patents

Production d'images avec un peptide a chaine alpha fibrine marque au tc-99m

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Publication number
EP1105164A2
EP1105164A2 EP99966745A EP99966745A EP1105164A2 EP 1105164 A2 EP1105164 A2 EP 1105164A2 EP 99966745 A EP99966745 A EP 99966745A EP 99966745 A EP99966745 A EP 99966745A EP 1105164 A2 EP1105164 A2 EP 1105164A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clot
imaging
radioactivity
blood
fibrin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99966745A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1105164A4 (fr
Inventor
Madhukar Thakur (Mathew), L.
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Thomas Jefferson University
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Thomas Jefferson University
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Jefferson University filed Critical Thomas Jefferson University
Publication of EP1105164A2 publication Critical patent/EP1105164A2/fr
Publication of EP1105164A4 publication Critical patent/EP1105164A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
    • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
    • A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
    • A61K51/088—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins conjugates with carriers being peptides, polyamino acids or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2123/00—Preparations for testing in vivo

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of nuclear medicine and, more particularly, to compositions for radiolabeled agents for imaging mammalian tissue or cells, compositions for radiolabeling agents that bind to mammalian tissue or cells, compositions for radiolabeling agents that bind to fibrin, and methods of using said compositions.
  • Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for imaging and therapy Plenum Publishing Co., NATO ASI, series 152, 1988; Thakur ML. Scintigraphic imaging of venous thrombosis: A state of the art. Thrombotic and Hematologic Disorders 5:29-36, 1992).
  • One approach to "hot spot" imaging has been to radiolabel platelets, which form a major biochemically active constituent of a thrombus. A large number of agents, therefore, have been evaluated that would target platelets on the assumption that radiolabeled platelets will acreed on an occult thrombus and thereby facilitate its detection by external scintigraphy.
  • Platelets have been labeled in vitro using such agents as In-111-oxine which internalizes and binds to platelet cytoplasmic components. (Thakur ML et al., 1976). Platelets have also been labeled in vivo using radiolabeled proteins or peptides that are specific for platelet surface glycoprotein complex Ilb-IIIa (Knight LC, 1990; Koblik PD et al., 1989; Thakur ML, 1988; Thakur ML, 1992; Knight LC, Radcliffe R, Maurer AH, Rodwell JD, Alvarez VL. Thrombus imaging with Tc-99m synthetic peptides based upon the binding domain of a monoclonal antibody to activated platelets.
  • AcuTect the Tc-99m labeled peptide P-280
  • AcuTect is expected to detect acute but not chronic venous thrombosis (AcuTect. Diatide, Inc. J Nucl Med 39(10): 19N, 1998) or pulmonary embolism, which may harbor activated platelets only sparingly.
  • a second approach to "hot spot” imaging has been to radiolabel proteins involved in clot formation.
  • coagulation proteins are activated sequentially and generate the enzyme thrombin.
  • Thrombin cleaves plasma fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which then polymerize around the platelets and hold them in place as a clot. Fibrin therefore remains an integral part of DVT, fresh or old, and embolized in the lungs or elsewhere in the body. It is primarily for these reasons that I-125-f ⁇ brinogen enjoyed popularity for external detection of DVT for a long time (Knight LC, 1990; Koblik PD et al., 1989; Thakur ML, 1992). However, it is no longer available commercially.
  • a third approach to "hot spot" imaging of DVT and PE is to radiolabel antifibrin peptides.
  • the feasibility of this approach has not been previously investigated.
  • One peptide of particular interest is the N-terminus tripeptide, H-Gly- Pro-Arg-OH, of fibrin- ⁇ -chain, which was reported by Laudano and Doolittle to be an inhibitor of fibrinogen/thrombin clotting. (Laudano AP, Doolittle RF. Synthetic peptide derivatives that bind to fibrinogen and prevent the polymerization of fibrin monomers. Proc Natl Acad Sci 75:3085-3089, 1978).
  • H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-OH analog of the tripeptide was an even more potent inhibitor of fibrinogen thrombin clot by binding to C-terminus portion of the ⁇ -chain of fibrin and preventing fibrin polymerization. More recently, Kawasaki et al prepared several more analogs and found that a pentapeptide, H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro- Pro-OH had the highest fibrinogen thrombin clotting inhibiting activity. (Kawasaki K, Miyano M, Hirase K, Iwamoto M. Amino acids and peptides. XVIII.
  • the present invention comprises composition for diagnostic imaging of mammalian cells and tissue.
  • the composition comprises amino acids joined to a linker, which is bound to a moiety that is chelated to a radionuclide.
  • the present invention is a pentapeptide labeled with Tc-99m, that facilitates imaging of DVT and PE.
  • TP 850 means the decapeptide, Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro-Ana-Gly-Gly-(D)- Ala-Gly. (SEQ ID NO:!).
  • the present invention comprises a composition for imaging mammalian cells and tissue and method of using said composition.
  • Fig. 1 The amino acid sequence and the proposed structure of Tc-99m- TP850.
  • Fig. 2 A composite of two HPLC elution spectra obtained under identical conditions of solvent composition, flow rate, and column.
  • the x axis in both panels is time in minutes and the y axis is radioactivity peak height in ⁇ V.
  • the diagonal line is the percent solvent composition.
  • the upper panel is the elution profile of Tc-99m-TP 850 that was injected into the rabbit, and the lower panel is that of the urine sample collected from the rabbit 3 hrs later. Note that the major proportion of the radioactivity eluted in the urine has the retention time (Rt) similar to that in the sample injected.
  • the radioactivity at Rt 4 is unbound Tc- 99m.
  • the small radioactivity peaks at Rt 6.2 and 9.08 are considered as impurities in the sample.
  • the quantity of the peptide injected was small and was not detectable at 280 nm.
  • FIG. 3 An anterior image of a rabbit obtained at 3 hr post-injection. A small thrombus induced by stimulating electrode in the right arm (arrowhead) and PE in both upper lobes of the lungs (long arrows) are detectable. Also seen in the right side of the neck (short arrows) is radioactivity accumulated in the incision. The radioactivity in the heart and sinus can be seen.
  • Fig. 5 Anterior gamma camera images of a rabbit which was injected with 2 mCi Tc-99m-TP850 2 hr and 30 min previously. A clot due to thrombine- soaked suture in the right (arrow) jugular vein and due to stimulating electrode in the left (arrow) are detectable. The activity due to some free Tc-99m in the thyroid can also be seen. As stated in the text, the electrode clot had 7.1 times more Tc-99m than that in the equal weight of blood and the thrombin clot had 3.6 times more Tc-99m than in the blood. The lower part of the radioactivity is in the heart. Fig. 6.
  • the x-ray image shows a tantalum mixed clot in the left lung which corresponds to the shape of a clot seen in the left lung (anterior scintiphoto in the left panel of the figure), as well as to the left lung clot seen in the gamma camera image of the excised lungs and heart given in the right panel of the figure.
  • the clot seen in the right lung, in both in vivo (arrow, left panel) and ex vivo (arrow, right panel) images is not seen by x-ray (center panel) because it is free of tantalum. This indicates that this piece of clot may have formed without tantalum in it and lodged in the right lung.
  • Both lung clots were separated, weighed, and counted for radioactivity.
  • the clot in the left lung had three times more and the one in the right lung had 6.1 times more activity than in the unit weight of blood.
  • This clot in the neck had 3.2 times more activity than in the unit weight of blood.
  • Residual blood radioactivity in the heart (H) can also be seen in the right panel of the figure.
  • Gly-(D)-Ala-Gly-Gly- (GAGG) was chosen as a chelating moiety.
  • these peptides provide an N 4 configuration for a strong chelation of Tc-99m.
  • the tetrapeptide chelating moiety permitted the modification of the primary peptide at the C terminus during the synthesis.
  • Aba 4- aminobutyric acid
  • the purpose of inserting Aba as a spacer was to minimize any possible steric hindrance resulting from the Tc-99m complex.
  • the synthesis of this modified peptide was one hybrid process which eliminated the multi-step, lengthy, and frequently inefficient conjugation procedure, yet provided a chelating group for a strong chelation of Tc-99m.
  • the resultant decapeptide, Gly-Pro-Arg- Pro-Pro-Aba-Gly-Gly-(D) Ala-Gly which has an expected M.W. of 850, is hereafter referred to as TP 850.
  • the peptide was custom synthesized (PeptidoGenic Research Co., Inc.
  • TP 850 Fifty ⁇ g of TP 850 was dissolved in 10 ⁇ l 10% acetonitrile in water, then 200 ⁇ l of 0.1 M Na_PO4 were added, followed by 10-30 mCi Tc-99m in 200 ⁇ l isotonic saline previously reduced with 100 ⁇ g SnCk in 10 ⁇ l of 0.05 M HC1. Lately, with a new batch of high purity SnCh (Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO) we have been able to reduce the SnCh to 10 ⁇ g. The reaction mixture was then incubated for 30 min in a boiling water bath.
  • the stability of the radiolabeled peptide at 22° C was examined by HPLC for up to 24 hrs as determined by the characteristic retention time of the radioactivity peak.
  • the in vivo stability was examined by injecting approximately 2 mCi Tc-99m-TP 850 preparation, collecting urine 3 hrs later, and analyzing a 20 ⁇ l portion of the urine by HPLC.
  • Tc-99m-TP 850 The ability of Tc-99m-TP 850 to bind to rabbit, dog, and human fibrin was examined in vitro. Institutional approval was obtained to draw human blood and to perform all animal experiments. Approximately 10 ml of venous blood was obtained from a healthy human volunteer and from a normal young adult dog and a rabbit. No anticoagulating agent was added to the blood. After the blood was clotted, from each blood sample, one ml serum samples were dispensed in four separate test tubes and approximately 25 ⁇ Ci of Tc-99m-TP 850 (specific activity approximately 340 Ci/m mol) were added to each tube and the reagents were gently mixed.
  • Thrombin (six i.u.) was then added to the first two test tubes and an equal volume of saline to the other two. The contents were gently mixed and allowed to incubate for 10 min at 37°C. The test tubes were then centrifuged (2000 g x 10 min), the supernatant carefully removed, and the fibrin clots in the first two test tubes were washed twice with 2 ml 0.9% NaCl. Following centrifugation, the washing liquid was combined with the supernatant. Radioactivity associated with the clot and the supernatant were measured and calculated as the percent of total activity found in the compact fibrin clot. v) Inhibition of platelet aggregation:
  • This catheter was used for drawing 0.5 ml blood samples in duplicate at 1,5,10,15, and 30 min, and then at 1, 2, and 3 hrs after radionuclide injection. Before each sample collection enough blood was withdrawn to replace saline, which avoided the dilution of each blood sample collected. The marginal vein of the contralateral ear was used for injecting radioactive agents. The radioactivity in the syringe was measured before and after injection to determine the dose injected, and a suitable Tc-99m standard solution was prepared. Blood samples were then weighed, radioactivity counted, and results were expressed as percent injected dose per gram (% I.D./g) of blood and plotted as a function of time.
  • Tissue samples were harvested from three rabbits three hrs after the administration of Tc-99m-TP 850. Tissues were weighed, radioactivity associated with each tissue, and a reference standard solution of Tc-99m prepared at the time of injection was determined. Radioactivity was expressed as % injected dose/g (%
  • the electrode was constructed from a 26- gauge stainless steel hypodermic needle bent at a 90° angle and attached to a 30- gauge, Teflon insulated silver coated copper wire.
  • the needle was inserted into the vessel and then gently pulled so that it was in contact with the endothelial lining of the vessel and secured in place with a flared sleeve inserted over the copper wire.
  • the second electrode was applied to the tongue of the rabbit.
  • the stimulating electrode was attached to the anode and the other electrode to the cathode of a power supply.
  • a 450 ⁇ A current was then applied and 10 min later 2 mCi of Tc-99m TP 850 (specific activity approximately 510 Ci/m mol) in 2 ml 0.9% solution was injected through a marginal ear vein. Radioactivity in each dose was measured before and after administration and recorded.
  • a suitable reference solution with a known quantity of Tc-99m was also prepared.
  • thrombus was induced by inserting a thrombin-soaked suture into a jugular vein 10 min prior to the administration of Tc-99m-TP 850.
  • Serial gamma camera images of the rabbit, in the supine position, were then obtained for up to four hours, using a GE Starcam gamma camera (GE, Milwaukee, WI) coupled to a low energy parallel hole collimator. For each image a total of 350,000 counts were collected.
  • GE Starcam gamma camera GE, Milwaukee, WI
  • Radio opaque pulmonary emboli were prepared by drawing 0.5 to .75 ml blood, through a 23G butterfly needle inserted in the marginal ear vein, into a one ml syringe containing 15 mg tantalum powder and 6 i.u. of thrombin. The contents of the syringe were then mixed gently and a clot was allowed to form and harden for 20 min. The clot was removed from the syringe and a one cm long piece of the clot was drawn in an introducer sheath (6Fr, Pinnacle, MediTech, Watertown, MA), which was then inserted into a previously isolated jugular vein and advanced into the right atrium.
  • an introducer sheath (6Fr, Pinnacle, MediTech, Watertown, MA)
  • the clot was then flushed from the sheath with isotonic saline.
  • the position of the tantalum containing clots was confirmed by recording a chest x-ray of the animals before the administration of Tc-99m-TP 850 and an x-ray of the excised lungs after sacrifice.
  • Tc-99m-TP 850 was injected and the rabbits were imaged as described in the previous section.
  • Four animals with PE were allowed to recover from the surgery. Two rabbits were injected with Tc-99m-TP 850 24 hrs later and the other two were injected 48 hours later.
  • each rabbit was given an intravenous injection of heparin (1000 i.u.) and was then euthanized with sodium pentobarbital (100 mg/kg). A blood sample was drawn, and then the lungs and heart were excised, radiographed, and the clots were harvested. The clots and blood were weighed, radioactivity associated with them was counted, and clot/blood ratios were determined. Results
  • Fig. 1 shows that Tc-99m is bound to the chelating moiety with N 4 configuration.
  • the Tc-99m labeling consistently produced > 95% yield.
  • HPLC analysis indicated that > 90% of that activity was eluted in a single peak at retention time (Rt) of seven min.
  • Rt retention time
  • a small quantity ( ⁇ 5%) of radioactivity was eluted at a Rt of 6.2 min and any unbound Tc-99m at a Rt of 3.5 min.
  • An elution profile is given in Fig. 2.
  • the preparations of Tc-99m-TP 850 were stable at 22°C for 24 hrs.
  • HPLC analysis of a urine sample Fig.
  • the blood clearance was biphasic with a tV_- ⁇ being approximately four min (20%) and t x / 2 - ⁇ being approximately 13 min (80%).
  • the liver uptake was 0.016 ⁇ 0.014% I.D./g and intestine 0.01 ⁇ 0.009% I. D./g.
  • the blood uptake at this time was only 0.007 ⁇ 0.004% I.D./g. This small proportion of radioactivity in circulating blood facilitated the imaging of vascular thrombi. Radioactivity in all other tissues was unremarkable.
  • TP 850 radioactivity associated with human, dog, and rabbit fibrin was 42 ⁇ 2 %, 60 ⁇ 39%, and 56 ⁇ 2.5%, respectively.
  • the ICso values for the dog and rabbit platelet aggregation inhibition were 236 ⁇ m and 167 ⁇ m, respectively. These data justified the use of rabbit as a model for studies with Tc-99m-TP 850.
  • Tc-99m-TP 850 cleared rapidly from the blood, cardiac blood pool activity was detectable in all animals at all imaging times. Radioactivity in the sinus was also detectable in all animals studied. This was consistent with the results of Tc-99m-TP1201 and Tc-99m-TP1300, the activated platelet receptor specific thrombospondin analogs studied previously in our laboratory. (Pallela VR, Thakur ML, Consigny PM, Rao PS, Vassileva-Belnikolovska D, Shi R. Imaging thromboembolism with Tc-99m labeled thrombospondin receptor analogs TP-1201 and TP-1300. Thrombosis Research 93: 191-202, 1999).
  • Tc-99m-TP 850 radioactivity was seen either in the bone or in the bone cartilage. All fresh DVT and PE were detectable by Tc-99m-TP 850 generally within 90-120 min post-injection. Clots that formed spontaneously in surgical incision or ligated vessels were also detectable. Similarly, PE that were formed by a piece of a clot broken off or separated from a clot that was injected into the right atrium were imageable. An example is given in Fig. 3, in which an electrode- induced clot in the right forearm, two PE, one in each upper lobe of the lungs, and radioactivity accumulated in the incision was seen.
  • the forearm clot to blood radioactivity ratio was 12, and the PE to blood 1.3 (L), and 2.1 (R).
  • the radioactivity associated with the clots was 0.087% I.D./g, 0.006 % I.D./g and 0.007% I.D./g, respectively.
  • the clot/blood ratios in the rabbits studied ranged from 1.2 to 12. Many times these clots were small and could not be easily separated without the vessel wall or adjoining fatty tissue. Similarly, tantalum was embedded in many PE. Consequently, the weight contributed by the additional tissue or tantalum, resulted in the low and variable radioactivity per unit weight of clots, PE, or DVT.
  • Fig. 4 shows an anterior image of a rabbit given Tc-99m-TP 850 one hr and 20 min previously.
  • a clot in the right jugular vein induced by stimulating electrode and the one in the left jugular vein induced by thrombin-soaked suture were detectable.
  • the clot to blood ratios were 6.5 and 3.7, respectively.
  • the clot radioactivity was 0.035% I.D./g and 0.02% I.D./g. In this animal, the radioactivity was also seen in the thyroid due to 3.5% unbound free Tc-99m that was injected.
  • Fig. 4 shows an anterior image of a rabbit given Tc-99m-TP 850 one hr and 20 min previously.
  • a clot in the right jugular vein induced by stimulating electrode and the one in the left jugular vein induced by thrombin-soaked suture were detectable.
  • the clot to blood ratios were 6.5 and 3.7, respectively.
  • FIG. 5 shows an anterior image of a rabbit obtained at 150 min after the injection of Tc-99m-TP 850 into which thrombin-soaked suture was placed in the right jugular vein and a stimulating electrode clot was formed in the left jugular vein. Both clots were detectable with the electrode clot to blood ratio of 7.1 and the suture soaked thrombin clot/blood ratio of 3.6. Included in each suture clot was the weight of the suture itself which artificially decreased the clot/blood radioactivity ratios. The radioactivity incorporated into these clots measured 0.046% I.DJg and 0.024% I.DJg of the weight of the clot.
  • Fig. 6 is an anterior image of a rabbit with PE in both lungs induced 24 hrs previously. The image was positive at one hr and 15 min post-injection of Tc- 99m-TP 850. Lungs were excised, imaged, and x-rayed. The location of the clots was corroborated. The clots were then retrieved, weighed, and associated radioactivity was measured. The clot to blood ratios were 6.1 for the right clot and 3.0 for the one in the left clot. The radioactivity in the clot was 0.021 % I.D./ and 0.01 % I.DJg.
  • VQ scanning itself is a cold spot imaging techniques and can only predict low or high probability of PE. For many clinicians this type of diagnosis is inadequate.
  • radiolabeled platelets should be a simple and ideal agent, for they form a major and the most biologically active constituent of a thrombus.
  • radiolabeled platelets have been less attractive largely due to their long life span (8 days) that elevated background radioactivity for several days after their administration. The slow clearance of radioactivity causes delay in diagnosis due to suboptimal lesion to background radioactivity ratios.
  • the platelets must also be labeled in vitro which requires skilled personnel.
  • heparin in particular, when accretion of fresh platelets is impeded, In-Il l platelet scintigraphy is less successful.
  • Tc-99m labeled peptides specific for resting or activated platelets.
  • Peptides are smaller in size and easier to produce than monoclonal antibodies. They are expected to clear more rapidly from circulation than radiolabeled proteins, less likely to induce any immunological reaction, yet in most cases they enjoy as high a receptor specificity and binding constants as the monoclonal antibodies. Because of the physical characteristic of Tc-99m, the Tc-99m labeled peptides have become even more attractive biomolecules for diagnostic imaging than antibodies labeled with In-Ill .
  • Technetium-99m is easy to obtain worldwide, inexpensive, and decays with gamma ray energy (140 KeV, 90 %) that can be efficiently detected by gamma cameras, planar or tomographic. It has a half-life (6 hr) that is long enough to perform examinations before excessive radioactive decay has occurred, yet not too long to persist in the body long after the examinations have been carried out and to give excessive radiation dose to the subject.
  • the actual quantity of fibrin content may vary from clot to clot, but generally it is expected to be the same as the fibrinogen of the blood which in most adults is a.s high as five grams per 100 grams of plasma proteins. Since fibrin exists on both the surface and within clots that are forming or dissolving, the development of Tc-99m labeled peptide, specific for fibrin is appealing. Such agents, in principle, can target fibrin at any stage or state of a clot and reliably image it.
  • one peptide of particular interest is the N-terminus fibrin ⁇ -chain peptide, H-Gly-Pro-Arg-OH, which was reported by Laudano and Doolittle to be an inhibitor of fibrinogen/ thrombin clotting (13).
  • the ⁇ -chain of fibrin begins with the same tripeptide sequence in many animal species as well as in humans.
  • Tc-99m is simple, efficient, and eliminates the drawbacks stated above.
  • the results of our fibrin clot binding and platelet aggregation inhibition studies support the notion that these modifications did not compromise the biological activity of the peptide. These results are consistent with previous findings using biologically active peptides.
  • Tc-99m-TP 850 had considerably higher radioactivity uptake on PE than at least two activated platelet specific Tc-99m labeled peptides we had evaluated previously. With Tc-99m-TP 850, all PE were detectable except those that had lysed spontaneously at 48 hr post-placement. The disappearance of the 48 hr old clots was confirmed by the loss of x-ray opacity of these clots which had been impregnated with tantalum at the time of preparation. The choice of using the rabbit as a model was based upon our supportive in vitro data described previously. However, the plasminogen concentration in rabbits is greater than twice as high as in humans. The fibrinolytic activity in rabbits, therefore, is much higher and leads to a rapid dissolution of these clots.
  • an antifibrin agent should be more successful in imaging aged thrombi and may be less susceptible to interference by anticoagulant therapy because in such circumstances more fibrin may be exposed on the clot surface and blood flow around the clot may be greater.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions pour agents radiomarqués permettant de produire des images de tissus ou de cellules de mammifère, des compositions de radiomarquage d'agents se liant à des tissus ou cellules de mammifère, des compositions de radiomarquage d'agents se liant à la fibrine et des procédés d'utilisation de ces compositions.
EP99966745A 1998-08-17 1999-08-17 Production d'images avec un peptide a chaine alpha fibrine marque au tc-99m Withdrawn EP1105164A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US9680398P 1998-08-17 1998-08-17
US96803P 1998-08-17
PCT/US1999/019011 WO2000009076A2 (fr) 1998-08-17 1999-08-17 PRODUCTION D'IMAGES AVEC UN PEPTIDE A CHAINE α FIBRINE MARQUE AU TC-99M

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CN108976285B (zh) * 2017-05-31 2021-11-30 首都医科大学 Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-AA修饰的华法林,其合成,活性和应用
CN108976284B (zh) * 2017-05-31 2021-11-30 首都医科大学 含Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro的五肽修饰的华法林,其合成,活性和应用

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WO1998052618A1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Thomas Jefferson University Agents radiomarques permettant de produire des images d'un thrombus

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US5968476A (en) * 1992-05-21 1999-10-19 Diatide, Inc. Technetium-99m labeled peptides for thrombus imaging

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998052618A1 (fr) * 1997-05-20 1998-11-26 Thomas Jefferson University Agents radiomarques permettant de produire des images d'un thrombus

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WO2000009076A2 (fr) 2000-02-24
CA2348617A1 (fr) 2000-02-24
WO2000009076A3 (fr) 2000-05-11
WO2000009076A8 (fr) 2000-06-29
JP2002522778A (ja) 2002-07-23
WO2000009076A9 (fr) 2000-08-03

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