The invention relates to a roof tiling set, applicable to roofing spars,
the set comprising tiles having a channel-like configuration with a first end
and a second end opposite the former and having a first surface on the
inner portion of the channel and a second surface on the outer portion of
the channel.
Roof tiling jobs, particularly the laying of the so-called hollow tiles,
are usually plagued by a large number of drawbacks, since considerable
effort and the movement of large amounts of materials to a great height,
implying considerable risks, are required. Furthermore, the work has to be
done in steps, in other words, successively the base, then the insulation
and finally the tiles have to be laid. It should also be mentioned that for the
final result to be correct, the work must be done by specialized workmen,
making the job more expensive. Obviously, if a thermal or acoustical
insulation is required, this must be done apart and almost always the
absorption of expansions causes a problem. Furthermore, the laying of
each tile, one by one, is delicate and requires close attention and not
infrequently, incorrect laying obliges the job to be done again.
There is to be found currently on the market-place a plurality of tiles
having different shapes, apart from the conventional, so-called hollow tiles.
Thus, there are tiles already including concave and convex areas
simultaneously, whereby they do not need to be laid alternately with the
convex side up and then the concave side up, typical of the hollow tiles.
Nevertheless, the above named drawbacks are common to all of them.
It is an object of the invention to overcome these drawbacks: this
object is achieved with a set of the type first mentioned above
characterized in that it comprises:
[a] a body member having: [i] a lower surface; [ii] a front surface and
a rear surface; [iii] two side surfaces; and [iv] an upper surface on which
there are situated at least two cavities, each of which defines a bottom
extending between the front and rear surfaces, and at least one
intermediate region directed substantially parallel to the bottom of the
cavities; [b] at least one tile for each of the cavities, each of the tiles being
non-releasably lodged in a cavity and where the second end of at least one
of the tiles extends beyond the front surface of the body member.
This object is likewise achieved with a set of the type first mentioned
above characterized in that it comprises:
[a] a body member having: [i] a lower surface; [ii] a front surface and
a rear surface; [iii] two side surfaces; and [iv] an upper surface on which
there are situated at least two cavities, each of which defines a bottom
extending between the front and rear surfaces, and at least one
intermediate region located between each pair of cavities and directed
substantially parallel to the bottom of the cavities; [b] at least one first tile for each of the cavities, each of the first tiles
being non-releasably lodged in a cavity and where the second end of at
least one of the tiles extends beyond the front surface of the body member; [c] at least one second tile for being attached to one of the
intermediate regions.
Indeed, in this way items are obtained which may be prefabricated
in the main, and which allow for a rapid simple assembly, without the need
of special tools or particularly qualified labor. The items, once assembled,
simultaneously form the base and the roof itself of a building.
There are preferably included sections having a lower flange
adapted to receive a side edge region of the lower surface and a projecting
web adapted to engage the side surface; said sections being adapted for
attachment to the spars.
The lower surface preferably has a rectangular perimeter and is
preferably flat, as also the front and rear surfaces. It is likewise preferable
that the side surfaces define a right dihedral angle with the lower surface.
All of this defines a geometry of the ensemble which makes assembly
quicker and simpler. Another way of obtaining a quicker and simpler
assembly is to place a tongue-and-grooved system in the side walls and/or
in the front and rear walls, as well as for example tongues and their
corresponding grooves, or stubs and their corresponding orifices.
A particular embodiment of the invention is achieved when: [a] the
body member is provided at the intermediate region thereof with a trough
directed substantially parallel to the bottom of the cavities, [b] the second
tile is provided with a projecting wall directed longitudinally thereto and
which extends from the first surface thereof, where the projecting wall is
adapted for insertion into one of the troughs,[c] each of the side surfaces
has a lower portion, a re-entrant shoulder and an upper portion. With this
particular solution, a simple way of assembly and attachment of the second
tile to the body member is achieved. It is particularly advantageous when
the projecting wall is a separate member from said second tile, and is
adapted for attachment to the second tile. In this way, the second tile may
be transported more efficiently, and the projecting wall may be attached to
the second tile with a simple additional operation.
The height of the projecting web of the sections is preferably no
greater than the height of the lower portion of the side surfaces, since in
this way there is no interference when assembling the corresponding
projecting wall.
Advantageously, the upper portion of the side surfaces and the
shoulder define an obtuse dihedral angle, and that when the upper portion
of one side surface of one body member is laid face to face with the upper
portion of a second adjacent body member, there is defined a space having
dimensions of the order of those of the trough, since in this way the shapes
are uniformed and a single type of projecting wall may be used for the
second tiles which are mounted in the trough and for the second tiles which
are mounted on the joint region between two body members.
A further particular embodiment of the invention is obtained when:
[a] the body member is provided at the intermediate region with a flat table
directed substantially parallel to the bottom of the cavities, and [b] the
second tile is provided with a flat surface directed longitudinally thereof and
which emerges from the first surface thereof and is adapted to bear against
one of the tables. This flat surface occupies a much smaller volume than
the previously described projecting wall and, therefore, allows the
transportation costs of the second tiles to be kept low, without the need of
including an additional operation, that of attachment of the projecting wall to
the second tile, as indicated above.
A further alternative consists of the second tile not having any
special member (neither projecting wall nor table) and that, on the contrary,
the intermediate region adopts the shape of the first surface of the second
tile. Thus no special action is required on the second tile, and it may be
attached to the body member with a simple operation.
It is likewise possible to provide other variations of attaching the
intermediate region to the second tile, combining ease of transportation of
the second tiles and ease and accuracy in the installation of the second
tiles on the body member.
The body member may likewise have several preferred shapes,
depending on the application and the requirements it has to meet. Thus,
the material of the first body member may be a material having high
structural properties such as, for example, concrete. It may also be a
material having high thermal and/or acoustical insulation properties, such
as, for example, expanded plastics materials, such as polyurethane. It may
also be a material of interest basically for having a low specific weight, with
a view to lightening the total weight of the body member. In certain cases, it
will be of interest to combine the properties of various materials. Thus, body
members may be formed having, for example, two or more layers of
different materials, or, for example, an expanded plastics material having a
metal frame in the interior thereof, etc. It is, likewise, possible to add
reinforcements to the outer surfaces of the body member which protect the
body member from blows and/or the weather. Items having simply an
aesthetic function may also be added.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is
achieved when it is applied for the installation of tiles having a curved
shape with a concave first surface and a convex second surface and where
the channel formed by the tiles is wider at the first end than at the second
end. An example of this are, precisely, the so-called hollow tiles.
Further advantages and features of the invention will be appreciated
from the following description wherein, without any limiting nature, there are
described preferred embodiments of the invention, with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of the body member forming part of the roof
tiling set of the invention; a second tile is also shown in phantom line.
Figure 2 is a front elevation view of a first embodiment of a body
member, with a trough.
Figure 3 is a front elevation view of a second tile with a projecting
wall.
Figure 4 is a rear elevation view of the second tile according to
Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a cross section view on the line V-V of Figure 6.
Figure 6 is a plan view of the second tile of Figure 3, showing the
concave surface thereof.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of said first embodiment of the roof
tiling set.
Figure 8 is a front elevation view of a second embodiment of a body
member.
Figure 9 is a front elevation view of a conventional second tile.
Figure 10 is a rear elevation view of the tile according to Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a front elevation view of a third embodiment of a body
member, with a flat table.
Figure 12 is a front elevation view of a second tile with a flat surface.
Figure 13 is a rear elevation view of the tile according to Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of a body member;
also shown are second tiles in phantom line.
Figure 15 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the roof
tiling set.
Figure 16 is a front elevation view of a sixth embodiment of a body
member.
Figure 17 is a front elevation view of a seventh embodiment of a
body member.
The roof tiling set of the present invention makes it extremely easy
to lay the tiles in a building.
The set shown in Figures 1 to 7 incl. comprises a light-weight
insulating body member 2, the
lower surface 4 of which is flat and
preferably it has a rectangular perimeter, although the invention also
contemplates other forms for said perimeter. The
front surface 6 and the
rear surface 8 are also preferably flat and further mention will be made
thereto hereinafter.
In turn, each of the side surfaces 10 is provided with a
lower portion
12 which preferably forms a 90° angle with the
lower surface 4. From the
lower portion 12 there extends a
re-entrant shoulder 14 which also
preferably forms a 90° angle with said
lower portion 12. Finally the side
surfaces are provided with an
upper portion 16 and it is preferred that the
angle formed by the
upper portion 16 and the
shoulder 14 be slightly
obtuse. Thus, the
upper portion 16 is sloping as shown in Figure 2.
As will be understood, the
body member 2 serves to retain
conventional tiles 18 which have a curved channel-like shape and the width
of which is greater at a
first end 20 than at a
second end 22, opposite to the
former; obviously, these tiles have a concave first surface 24 (Figure 3) and
a convex
second surface 26.
The
upper surface 25 of the
body member 2 is provided with
concavities 27 having a shape like a mold for a convex second surface of a
conventional tile 18 and these
concavities 27 define a bottom line extending
across both ends 20 and 22. Between each two concavities on the
upper
surface 25 there is a
trough 28 whish is disposed substantially parallel to
said bottom line of the
concavities 27. For considerations of weight and
ease of handling, each
body member 2 preferably has only two
concavities
27 and, consequently, only one
trough 28; nevertheless, the invention also
contemplates the possibility of there being three or
more concavities 27 and
in this case the body member would have two or
more troughs 28.
Each of the
concavities 27 serves to house and retain a
first tile 18b,
which is obviously laid with its
convex surface 26 directed downwards. The
narrower
second end 22 of each of the
first tiles 18b projects beyond the
front surface 6 of the
body member 2.
Where the tiles are not curved, i.e., the surfaces thereof are not
concave or convex, it is sufficient to modify the concavities of the body
member with cavities suitably housing the tiles.
The roof tiling set of the present invention also comprises at least
one
second tile 18c, the ceramic portion of which is substantially the same
as a
first tile 18b but which also comprises a projecting
wall 30 which is
directed longitudinally of the
tile 18b and which projects from the concave
surface thereof. The dimensions of the projecting wall are appropriate for it
to be lodged in a
trough 28 of the
body member 2. The projecting
wall 30 is
preferably provided with
side walls 32 tapering away from the
tile 18c.
Correspondingly, the
trough 28 is preferably provided with slightly sloping
walls.
It is not necessary for the first tiles and the second tiles to be the
same, but they may form two different families of tiles.
Finally, sections 34 (Figure 7) complete the set. These
sections 34
are provided with a
lower flange 36 which, after tiling, supports a lateral
edge region of the
lower surface 4 of the
body member 2. There is also a
projecting
web 38 the height of which is no greater than the height of the
first portion 12 of the
side surface 10 of the
body member 2.
When placing the tiles in position, the
sections 34 are laid across
the
spars 40 and are fixed (preferably by bolts, not shown) to the spars,
such that between the
lower flanges 36 of two adjacent sections 34
(naturally laid mutually parallel to one another), there is situated an
ensemble formed by a
body member 2 having incorporated therein two
first
tiles 18b. All of this in such a way that the
body member 2, with the
first tiles
18b incorporated therein, bears on the
lower flanges 36 of the
sections 34.
Furthermore, the
lower portions 12 of the side surfaces 10 thereof engage
the respective projecting
webs 38. In this way, the already installed portion
is ready to receive, in due time, a
second tile 18c, in such a way that the
projecting wall is lodged in the
trough 28. The
second tile 18c is preferably
laid slightly offset longitudinally relative to the
first tiles 18b.
It should be noted that with the set of the present invention, the
spars may be parallel or perpendicular to the slope, since it is sufficient to
change the direction of the
sections 34. Furthermore, the said set may be
placed on any type of spars (concrete, wood, iron or even on sloping
concrete filled bases) and that also the spars may be farther apart than in a
conventional roof, which represents a not insignificant saving.
Obviously, with the above described operations, one set is installed
and thereafter the tiling operation continues. To this end, by placing the
necessary sections 34, a further set is laid, in such a way that one side
edge of the lower surface of the
body member 2 thereof (which in all cases
has the
first tiles 18b incorporated therein) rests on the
lower flange portion
36 of the
section 34 and in such a way that one
side surface 10 of the new
set which is being installed is face to face with a
side surface 10 of the
already installed set. In this way, both side surfaces 10 are adjacent the
projecting
web 38 of one same section.
With this arrangement, there is defined between the respective
upper portions 16 of both adjacent sets a space of dimensions very similar
to those of the
trough 28 and, therefore, in this space also the projecting
wall 30 of a
second tile 18c may be inserted. To install two sets adjacent
each other in the downward direction of the roof, it is sufficient for the
front
surface 6 of the
body member 2 of one of them to be superimposed on the
rear surface 8 of the
body member 2 of the immediately adjacent set.
It should be noted that the
sections 34 put in place for the sets
located at the side ends are L-shaped, instead of the T-shape of the
intermediate sections 34.
The
different body members 2 may, nevertheless, be joined
together in many ways. Thus, Figure 15 shows a variant of the
body
member 2 of Figure 7, in which the side surfaces 10, the
front surface 6
and the
rear surface 8 have outwardly projecting
tongues 42 and
grooves
44, adapted for tongue-and-grooved assembly of the
body members 2.
Figure 8 shows another embodiment of the invention. The
body
member 2 is provided with an
intermediate region 28a having a curved
surface such that the
second tile 18c may bear directly on the
intermediate
region 28a. In this case, the
tiles 18c, shown in Figures 9 and 10, do not
need to have any special geometry on the first surface (24) thereof, nor is it
necessary to add any additional part between the
tile 18c and the
body
member 2.
The body member of Figure 8 is formed by two different materials
and, therefore, has two appropriately joined
differentiated regions 2a y 2b.
Figure 11 shows a third embodiment of the invention. In this case,
the
body member 2 is provided with an
intermediate region 28a forming a
flat table. The corresponding
second tile 18c, shown in Figures 12 and 13,
has a
flat surface 30a which allows for correct support of the
second tile
18c on the flat table.
A
reinforcement 41, surrounding the entire outer perimeter of the
lower surface 4 of the
body member 2, is to be seen in the
body member 2
of Figure 11
The corresponding
second tiles 18c are preferably attached to the
body member 2 with silicone or expanded polyurethane. A waterproofing
agent is also preferably used, particularly to prevent damp appearing by
capillarity, whereby an additional advantage is obtained with the present
invention over conventionally built roofs.
As will be understood from the foregoing, the set of the invention
enormously simplifies tiling jobs and it should be pointed out that the work
involved in the construction of the roof tiling sets themselves may be
carried out in a workshop, provided with the necessary means, with
complete disappearance of the risks inherent in working on site.
Nevertheless, the
body members 2 may also be supplied to the site
separate from the
first tiles 18b. The subsequent assembly of the
first tiles
18b on the
body members 2 on site may be rapid and simple, since the
body member 2 is provided with the corresponding
cavities 27, allowing for
quick, precise assembly. Therefore, the preferred assembly alternative may
be decided upon in each particular case.
The tiles described in this example are the so-called hollow tiles,
nevertheless, the invention may be applied to tiles having a different
geometrical shape, for example, forming a channel but with flat walls, in
such a way that the cross section is rectangular or trapezoidal. There are,
additionally, tiles which do not require the more or less alternately inverted
assembly of second tiles on first tiles. Nevertheless, in these cases the
invention may also be applied, as shown in the examples of Figures 16 and
17.
Generally speaking, the laying of tiles on a roof is repetitive. In the
examples described thus far, body members have been shown which
contemplate the inclusion of two or three tiles in a row. Nevertheless, this is
not a limiting factor, since the invention is, obviously, perfectly
generalizable to body members contemplating the inclusion of more tiles. If
the tiles belong to one same row, it is simply a question of making a body
member which repeats the basic structure shown in the drawing. If the tiles
belong to adjacent rows, it is only necessary to take the precaution of
contemplating that the cavities shall have to lodge tiles which will be partly
overlapped, as shown in Figure 14. In the example of Figure 14, the
second
tiles 18c have been disposed without the longitudinal offset relative to the
first tiles 18b, nevertheless, a distribution equivalent to the one shown in
Figure 1 could be made.
It should also be noted that the invention affords the advantage of
being able to provide thermal and acoustical insulation. Furthermore, any
type of guttering may be adapted to collect rainwater.
Where translucent plastics members are used, these may mean the
incorporation of skylights.