Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
  • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
  • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
  • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
  • G05B23/0224—Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
  • G05B23/0227—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions
  • G05B23/0235—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions based on a comparison with predetermined threshold or range, e.g. "classical methods", carried out during normal operation; threshold adaptation or choice; when or how to compare with the threshold

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to intelligent electronic devices, e.g., electronic trip units, protective relays, energy meters, power analyzers, motor control center controllers and programmable logic controllers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of monitoring nonelectrical characteristics in an intelligent electronic device.
• intelligent electronic devices e.g., electronic trip units, protective relays, energy meters, power analyzers, motor control center controllers and programmable logic controllers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of monitoring nonelectrical characteristics in an intelligent electronic device.
• An electronic trip unit typically comprises voltage and current sensors, which provide analog signals indicative of the power line signals.
• the analog signals are converted by an A/D (analog/digital) converter to digital signals which are processed by a microprocessor.
• the trip unit further includes RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory) and EEPROM (electronic erasable programmable read only memory) all of which interface with the microprocessor.
• the ROM includes trip unit application code, e.g., main functionality firmware, including initializing parameters, and boot code.
• the EEPROM includes operational parameters for the application code.
• Intelligent electronic devices protect various types of loads, e.g., electric motors, electric motor drives, transformers, and furnaces. Intelligent electronic devices typically monitor electrical characteristics of the protected loads via their voltage and current sensors. In a large facility, e.g., a manufacturing plant, many hundreds of intelligent electronic devices may be used to protect an even larger number of loads. Often the intelligent electronic devices are connected together though a communications network, e.g., a power management control system such as General Electric's Power Leader, to a computer or other remote monitoring device.
• a communications network e.g., a power management control system such as General Electric's Power Leader
• the intelligent electronic device determines a protective action based on preset programming. For example, the intelligent electronic device may initiate a circuit breaker trip, trigger an alarm, display the status of the load via local display monitor or send an event message to a remote monitoring device.
• a protective action based on preset programming. For example, the intelligent electronic device may initiate a circuit breaker trip, trigger an alarm, display the status of the load via local display monitor or send an event message to a remote monitoring device.
• safety and/or functionality of a protected load often depends on monitoring and maintaining non-electrical characteristics, e.g., temperature, humidity, and pressure, within acceptable threshold limits.
• non-electrical characteristics e.g., temperature, humidity, and pressure
• protected loads are often rated to operate at less than 85 "centigrade and 90% relative humidity.
• monitoring non-electrical characteristics are useful for analysis purposes as well, e.g., predicting most likely future nonelectrical faults, prioritizing maintenance requirements of protected loads or determining load life and load component wear.
• Prior art intelligent electronic devices are unable to monitor nonelectrical characteristics. Therefore they cannot analyze non-electrical characteristics, nor can they protect a load from non-electrical fault conditions, e.g., a non-electrical characteristic reaching a predetermined threshold. Consequently, additional protective devices, e.g., temperature controllers and dehumidifiers, are required to separately communicate with the protected load and/or an operator. In a large facility, these additional protective devices would require a separate communications network independent of the intelligent electronic devices' network.
• a method of monitoring a non-electrical characteristic in an intelligent electronic device is presented.
• the method generates a non-electrical characteristic signal indicative of a non-electrical characteristic of a protected load.
• the method compares a relationship of the non-electrical characteristic signal with a predetermined threshold indicative of a non-electrical fault condition.
• the method generates a protective action signal when the predetermined threshold is reached.
• an intelligent electronic device for monitoring non-electrical characteristics comprises a sensor and a signal processor.
• the sensor generates a non-electrical characteristic signal indicative of the non-electrical characteristic of a protected load.
• the signal processor is responsive to the non-electrical characteristic signal, and has a memory for storing signals including program signals defining an executable program.
• the program compares a relationship of the non-electrical characteristic signal with a predetermined threshold indicative of a non-electrical fault condition.
• the program generates a protective action signal when the predetermined threshold is reached.
• Trip unit 30 comprises a voltage sensor 32 which provides analog signals indicative of voltage measurements on a signal line 34 and a current sensor 36 which provides analog signals indicative of a current measurements on a signal line 38.
• the analog signals on lines 34 and 38 are presented to an A/D (analog/digital) converter 40, which converts these analog signals to digital signals.
• the digital signals are transferred over a bus 42 to a microprocessor (signal processor) 44, such being commercially available from the Hitachi Electronics Components Group (Hitachi's H8/300 family of microprocessors).
• Trip unit 30 further includes RAM (random access memory) 46, ROM (read only memory) 48 and EEPROM (electronic erasable programmable read only memory) 50 all of which communicate with the microprocessor 44 over a control bus 52.
• RAM random access memory
• ROM read only memory
• EEPROM electronic erasable programmable read only memory
• A/D converter 40, ROM 48, RAM 46, or any combination thereof may be internal to microprocessor 44, as is well known.
• EEPROM 50 is non-volatile so that system information and programming will not be lost during a power interruption or outage.
• Data typically status of the circuit breaker, is displayed by a display 54 in response to display signals received from microprocessor 44 over control bus 52.
• An output control device 56 in response to control signals received from microprocessor 44 over control bus 52, controls a trip module 58 via a line 60.
• Trip module 58 controls separable contacts of a circuit breaker (not shown). When trip unit 30 detects a fault condition, trip module 58 will separate the contacts (a circuit breaker trip event) to interrupt current to a protected circuit such as load 68. Calibration, testing, programming and other features are accomplished through a communications I/O port 62, which communicates with microprocessor 44 over control bus 52.
• a power supply 63 which is powered by the service electricity, provides appropriate power over a line 64 to the components of trip unit 30.
• ROM 48 includes trip unit application code, e.g., main functionality firmware, including initializing parameters, and boot code.
• the application code includes code for a monitoring method (algorithm) in accordance with the present invention.
• EEPROM 50 includes operational parameter code, e.g., code for setting user defined parameters such as non-electrical fault condition thresholds, or action paths such as trip, alarm or status. These parameters may be stored in the trip unit at the factory and are selected to meet customers' requirements, but can also be remotely downloaded as described hereinafter.
• the monitoring algorithm is run in real-time and is initiated preferably from the boot code at start up.
• Non-electronic sensor 66 is mounted to a protected load 68 which is external to the electronic trip unit 30.
• Sensor 66 monitors a desired nonelectrical characteristic, e.g., temperature, pressure or humidity, at the load.
• Sensor 66 provides analog signals indicative of the non-electrical characteristic on a signal line 70.
• the analog signals on line 70 are presented to an isolation buffer 72 which performs various protective functions, i.e., noise isolation protection, or protection from voltage swings outside of the operating parameters of low voltage components such as the microprocessor 44.
• buffer 72 is shown external to trip unit 30. However, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that buffer 72 may also be internal to trip unit 30 as well.
• Buffer 72 provides a buffered analog signal indicative of the non-electrical characteristic on a signal line 74.
• the buffered analog signal is presented to the A D converter 40, which converts this analog signal to a digital signal indicative of the non- electrical characteristic.
• the digital non-electrical characteristic signal is transferred over bus 42 to microprocessor 44 for further processing.
• microprocessor 44 compares a relationship (processed) of the non-electrical characteristic signal to user defined thresholds to detect non-electrical fault conditions. For example, such non-electrical fault conditions may be to not exceed 85 °C or 90% relative humidity.
• a defined threshold of the non-electrical fault condition is reached, the microprocessor 44 generates a signal to initiate a pre-programmed protective action.
• a protective action may include initiating a circuit breaker trip event, triggering an alarm, displaying the status of the protected load on a monitor, or sending an event message to a remote monitoring device.
• the relationship of the non-electrical characteristic is processed by microprocessor 44 for analysis purposes.
• the data is analyzed within the electronic trip unit itself, or alternatively communicated to a remote monitoring device, e.g., a computer, through communications I/O port 62.
• a remote monitoring device e.g., a computer
• communications I/O port 62 may communicate through a network, e.g., a power management control system such as General Electric's Power Leader, to the remote monitoring device.
• EEPROM 50 All of the aforementioned limits or settings are preferably stored in EEPROM 50 and can be altered by downloading desired settings via communications I/O port 62. This would include remotely downloading such data when the unit is connected to a system computer (not shown), either directly, over telephone lines, or any other suitable connection. It may also be preferred that EEPROM 50 comprises a flash memory whereby such data is flashed, as is well known.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-05-25 EP EP00937765A patent/EP1101155A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-05-25 WO PCT/US2000/014409 patent/WO2000073866A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-05-25 JP JP2001500920A patent/JP2003502001A/ja not_active Withdrawn

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