EP1095424A1 - Device and method for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals with extended radiation pattern adaptative antenna - Google Patents
Device and method for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals with extended radiation pattern adaptative antennaInfo
- Publication number
- EP1095424A1 EP1095424A1 EP99929444A EP99929444A EP1095424A1 EP 1095424 A1 EP1095424 A1 EP 1095424A1 EP 99929444 A EP99929444 A EP 99929444A EP 99929444 A EP99929444 A EP 99929444A EP 1095424 A1 EP1095424 A1 EP 1095424A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- diagram
- input
- management means
- coupler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
- H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
- H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals.
- antennas capable of working according to a so-called "radiation" diagram of wide (or wide) shape chosen, that is to say having an angular opening of at least 90 °.
- the transmission and / or reception devices using these antennas have the advantage of being able to provide wide angular coverage, but this advantage can turn into a disadvantage under certain conditions of use. This is particularly the case when it is desired to ensure a certain discretion, or to overcome interference problems with parasitic signals, or even to provide a certain protection to persons.
- the invention aims to provide a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic signals, and the corresponding method, which do not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
- transmission and / or reception is meant here a device capable only of transmitting, or capable only of receiving, or even capable of both transmitting and receiving.
- the management means are capable of jointly controlling the first and second antenna means so that they provide a transmission / reception of electromagnetic signals according to a third diagram electromagnetic signals according to a third diagram whose shape results from a chosen combination of the respective contributions of the first and second diagrams.
- Partially similar means that the narrow diagram and the extended diagram have a non-zero intersection.
- Such a combination of the contributions of the diagrams makes it possible in particular to create one or more holes (or “zero") on transmission or on reception, or else one or more bumps (or “amplification zone”) on transmission or at the reception, or even one or more bumps and one or more holes at the emission or at the reception. In other words, it is possible to prohibit or reinforce transmission or reception in at least one chosen area, of predetermined direction, of the extended diagram.
- This predetermined direction can be fixed or variable for the same device.
- the second antenna means comprise a multiplicity of antenna elements, shaped into at least one network.
- the second antenna means comprise a multiplicity of antenna elements, shaped into at least one network.
- the first and second antenna means are produced using the same technology.
- This solution is particularly advantageous in cases where the diagram of the second antenna means is cut off, since the maximum level of the combined diagram (extended and narrow) varies at the first order, so that only one attenuation value allows you to bring the level of the narrow diagram to the level of the extended diagram, regardless of the depointing of this narrow diagram.
- the first antenna means it is possible to use a unitary antenna element chosen, in particular, from so-called isotropic radiation technologies, slot, dipole mounted on a ground plane, printed pad, notch, propeller, monopole mounted on a ground plane, annular slot.
- the second antenna means are arranged to present a phase center common with the phase center of the first antenna means.
- An example of configuration consists in surrounding the unitary antenna element with antenna elements of the network.
- the device may include weighting means to manage the contributions of any secondary lobes of the second diagram
- the management means may include adjustment means (attenuator or amplifier) making it possible to jointly manage the respective transmit / receive powers of the first and / or second antenna means;
- the management means may include switching means making it possible to switch the device from a first operating mode in which it simultaneously uses the first and second antenna means, to a second operating mode in which it does not use than the first antenna means, or to a third operating mode in which it uses only the second antenna means.
- the device according to the invention can be envisaged, and in particular depending on whether it operates in transmission or in reception, for example by using couplers, decouplers, setting-up means. phase, means of phase shift.
- the invention also provides a method of transmitting / receiving electromagnetic signals for the implementation of devices of the type described above. This process includes the following steps:
- first and second antenna means ensuring transmission / reception of electromagnetic signals according to respectively a first diagram of chosen extended shape and a second diagram of chosen shape at least partially similar to that of the first diagram;
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an extended shape diagram associated with a unitary antenna element
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a narrow shape diagram associated with an array of antenna elements
- FIG. 3A to 3D schematically illustrate the main steps of obtaining a wide diagram with "narrow hole” from the diagrams of Figures 1 and 2;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a reception device according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a reception device according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of a reception device according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a preferred configuration of the antenna elements
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the superimposition in polar representation of the extended and narrow diagrams, as well as the diagram of their combination, ensuring a centered "hole";
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the superimposition in polar representation of the extended and narrow diagrams, as well as the diagram of their combination, ensuring an off-center "hole" of about 40 °;
- FIG. 13 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional representation of a combination diagram with a "bump".
- the invention starts from a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic signals, provided with an antenna 1 capable of radiating according to a radiation diagram of extended form, also called broad diagram 2, of the type of that illustrated on FIG. 1.
- a radiation diagram of extended form also called broad diagram 2
- Such a wide radiation diagram represents both a reception diagram and an antenna emission diagram.
- a diagram includes both a main lobe and secondary lobes.
- diagram 2 is meant here a diagram corresponding to an angularly extended beam, that is to say the opening of which in transmission or in reception is at least equal to 90 °, and preferably equal to 180 ° as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- a wide diagram 2 can extend over an angular sector greater than 180 °, or even up to approximately 360 ° as in the case of an antenna with isotropic radiation.
- any antenna offering a wide (or extended) diagram as defined above can be used in a device according to the invention.
- antennas with an isotropic radiating element but also antennas with a weakly directing radiating element, such as those having a diagram having a maximum in a given direction, and more precisely radiating elements of the type slot, dipole on ground plane, printed pad, notch, propeller, and the like.
- radiating elements offering a toroidal diagram and in particular elements of the monopole type on ground plane, annular slot, and the like.
- the invention aims to transform a device with a wide diagram antenna of fixed shape, into a device with a wide diagram of adaptable shape.
- the term “adaptable” is understood here to be able to modify the shape of the extended or wide diagram by forming what the skilled person calls a narrow “zero” (see FIG. 9), so as to cancel reception. , or else prohibit the transmission of a signal in a preferred direction, for example a spurious signal, and / or a narrow “bump” (see FIG. 13), so as to reinforce the level of transmission or reception in a preferred direction of the extended or wide diagram 2. It is clear that the invention can make it possible to create one or more zeros, or one or more bumps, or even a combination of zero (s) and bump (s).
- the invention adds to the broad diagram antenna transmission and / or reception device 1 an antenna 3 with a narrow diagram 4 of the type of that illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the unitary element which generally constitutes the antenna 1 with a wide diagram 2 and the radiating elements 3-i which constitute the array antenna 3 are produced using the same technology.
- the level of the maximum of this beam varies at first order according to an "envelope" defined by the diagram of each element 3-i of said array antenna 3.
- the level (emission or reception) of an antenna is defined as being the maximum amplitude of the diagram of this antenna in a given direction or in other words the difference in amplitude which separates a point from the envelope delimiting the diagram of the zero amplitude level. This envelope is shown by broken lines in Figures 1 to 3).
- the narrow diagram 4 of the array antenna 3 is offset by approximately 45 ° relative to the main axis I of the extended diagram 2, so that by combining the wide 2 and narrow 4 diagrams from an electromagnetic point of view, a modification (here a zero) of said wide diagram is made in said depointing direction, that is to say approximately 45 ° from its main axis I.
- a modification here a zero
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional diagrams, that is to say that the beam emitted or received by the antenna is not contained in a plane , but it is contained in a volume.
- the depointing of the narrow diagram 4 of the array antenna 3 is therefore defined by two angles relative to the main axis I.
- the beam direction of the array antenna is selected 3.
- the respective levels of the wide 2 and narrow diagrams are governed.
- the setting being relative , it is obvious that we can either adjust the level of one of the two diagrams, or adjust the two levels together. When a zero is desired in a preferred direction, the adjustment consists in making the two levels of the two diagrams substantially coincide.
- a third step we combine (from an electromagnetic point of view) the two diagrams thus obtained by playing on their relative phases.
- the generation of a zero in a direction D of the extended diagram 2 can be obtained either by subtraction of the electromagnetic signals in phase associated respectively with the two antennas 1 and 3, or by summation of said signals in opposition to phase.
- the generation of a zero in a direction D of the extended diagram 2 can be obtained by summing said signals in phase opposition.
- a unitary radiating element 1 is provided to make the antenna with an extended diagram, as well as a plurality of radiating elements 3-i (i ⁇ 1 to N) to form the antenna.
- network 3 providing the narrow diagram 4.
- Each radiating element 3-i is connected to phase-shifting means 5-i such as a phase-shifter or a line with programmable length.
- the phase shifting means 5-i are jointly controlled by a management module 6, for example from a phase law (or lighting law).
- each phase-shifter or line with programmable length, or the like can only take a single value, always the same.
- the management module 6 is capable of generating for each envisaged depointing an appropriate phase law defining the phase adjustment for each radiating element 3-i.
- phase law it is also necessary to manage a possible phase shift due to the position difference between the respective phase centers of the two antennas 1 and 3, and in view of the direction of depointing D of the array antenna 3 relative to the main axis I of the antenna with a wide diagram 1.
- Such an adjustment of position deviation can be directly managed by the management module 6, at using only phase-shifting elements 5-i.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the configuration of the radiating elements 1 and 3-i of the extended diagram antenna 1 and of the array antenna 3 which makes it possible to confuse the positions of the phase centers of each of the two antennas 1 and 3. More specifically, in the example illustrated, the unit radiating element 1 of the extended diagram antenna 1 is placed at the center of the configuration, and the radiating elements 3-i constituting the array antenna 3 are distributed regularly at the periphery of this unitary element 1. The phase centers of the two antennas are thus merged at the point C materializing the center of the unitary radiating element 1, through which the main axis I of its extended diagram 2 passes.
- a power distributor 7 of type 1 by N is provided upstream of the phase shift means 5-i, relative to the direction of propagation of the signals.
- an N by 1 type coupler or summator is used, which is then considered to be placed downstream of the phase shifters relative to the direction of propagation of the signals.
- the signal supply of the antenna with a wide diagram 1 and of the array antenna with a narrow diagram 3 is provided by a power supply module 8, preferably radiofrequency.
- this radio frequency power supply module 8 includes an output 9 coupled to the input of a decoupler (or coupler depending on whether one is in transmission or in reception).
- the decoupler (or coupler) is a "magic tee", for example, the two outputs 10 and 11 of which are coupled respectively to the antenna with extended diagram 1 and the antenna with narrow diagram 3, and more precisely to its power distributor 7 (or to its adder depending on whether one is transmitting or receiving).
- the magic tee has the advantage of providing on one of its two output (or input) channels, called the "difference" channel, a phase shift of 180 ° with respect to the other of its two channels.
- difference the phase shift of 180 ° with respect to the other of its two channels.
- other types of decoupler or coupler could be provided.
- a power attenuation equal to l / rçxN 2 must be applied to the signal delivered by the network antenna 3, before it is added to the signal delivered by the antenna with an extended diagram 1.
- each output (or input) of the magic tee can be equipped with an attenuator or an amplifier, as required.
- the device which has just been described, with reference to FIG. 4, can only generate zeros (or holes), due to the phase shift of 180 ° which exists between the respective signals of the antennas 1 and 3.
- a decoupler with phase outputs should be used for transmission, and for reception a coupler with phase inputs, instead of the aforementioned phase-shifted magic tee.
- the device when the device functions as a receiver, it does not include a radio frequency power supply module 8, but a signal analyzer connected to the output of the coupler.
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates, on the one hand, the polar representation of an extended diagram 2, on the other hand, the polar representation of a narrow diagram 4 oriented along the main axis I of the extended diagram 2, and thirdly, the diagram 27 representing the combination by subtraction, in a polar representation, of the extended 2 and narrow 4 diagrams.
- FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional representation of the combination diagram illustrated in FIG. 8, which generates a zero (or "hole") centered with respect to the main axis I of the extended diagram 2.
- FIG. 10 is a variant of FIG. 8 in which the array antenna 3 is arranged, and controlled, so as to provide a narrow diagram 4 formed of a main lobe 4-i, here depointed, and of secondary lobes 4- 2 and 4-3, so as to generate a resulting diagram 28 having, on the one hand, an off-center zero of approximately 40 °, and a bump off-center substantially at the same angle as the main lobe 4-1 of the narrow diagram.
- FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional representation of the combination diagram 28 illustrated in FIG. 10.
- Figure 13 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional representation of a combination diagram having a substantially centered bump.
- the device illustrated in FIG. 4 may alternatively comprise several network antennas, or a network antenna subdivided into sub-networks, each sub-network or each network antenna having its own narrow diagram, so as to generate as many zeros or bumps as needed.
- FIG. 12 schematically illustrates the three-dimensional representation of a combination diagram with two zeros (or holes) obtained using two array antennas combined with an antenna with an extended diagram.
- the second example illustrated in FIG. 5 is a simplified variant of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the decoupler 12 and the attenuator 13 are advantageously replaced by an asymmetrical decoupler 15 when the device is operating. as a transmitter, or by an asymmetrical coupler when it functions as a receiver.
- an asymmetrical decoupler in transmission
- an asymmetrical coupler in reception
- the 180 ° phase shifter is not required when one or more bumps are desired, unless one wishes to perform a subtraction of the received signals, since from the electromagnetic point of view, a subtraction of signals in opposition to phase is equivalent to summing signals in phase.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention, in which the device can operate according to one of the following three modes:
- the device illustrated in FIG. 6 takes up the elements constituting the device illustrated in FIG. 5, and adds two switches 17 and 18 to it, the respective states of which are preferably managed by the management module 6 (not shown).
- the switch 17 comprises, in the transmitter version, an input 19 supplied by the radio frequency power supply module 8, and two outputs 20 and 21, respectively supplying the input of the asymmetrical decoupler 15 and one 22 of the two inputs of the second switch 18.
- the second input 23 of the second switch 18 is connected to one 24 of the two outputs of the asymmetrical decoupler 15, the other output 25 of which is, in this example, connected to the network antenna 3, and more precisely at the input of the power distributor 7.
- the second switch 18 has a single output 26 which feeds the antenna with extended diagram 1.
- an asymmetrical decoupler in transmission
- an asymmetrical coupler in reception
- this 180 ° phase shifter could be placed on the line supplying the network antenna 3, upstream of the power distributor 7 (in transmission) or downstream of the power summator (in reception), or even on the line supplying extended diagram antenna 1.
- the first switch 17 can take two states, a first state in which its input 19 is connected to its output 20, itself connected to the input of the asymmetrical decoupler 15, and a second state in which its input 19 is connected to the other output 21 connected to input 22 of the second switch 18.
- the second switch 18 can also take two states, a first state in which its input 23, connected to the output 24 of the asymmetrical decoupler 15, is connected to its output 26, which supplies the antenna with extended diagram 1, and a second state in which its input 22 is connected to said output 26.
- the device when the first switch 17 is in its first state and the second switch 18 is in its second state, the device can operate as a narrow diagram transmitter or receiver.
- the transmitting or receiving device can generate zero (s) and / or bump (s) in the extended diagram provided by the antenna with unitary element 1.
- the transmission and / or reception device produces the only extended diagram.
- the network antenna 3 has a specific phase law (or lighting law) intended to form what the skilled person calls a "flat" beam.
- phase law or lighting law
- Such a flat beam, and the specific lighting laws enabling it to be obtained, are for example taught in the document by D. CADIO & C. RENARD: "Adaptivity of the radiation pattern of array antennas with electronic scanning", Seminar CNES, Active antennas - MMIC, Saint-Rapha ⁇ l, June 23-26, 1997.
- weighting means intended to manage the power supplying each radiating element 3- i of the network antenna (in transmission), or to attenuate or amplify each signal received by each element 3-i of this same network antenna. In this way, it is possible to reduce the level of the secondary lobes which accompany the main lobe of the narrow diagram formed by the array antenna 3.
- Weighting, and / or obtaining a specific lighting or phase law can advantageously be obtained using elements in a fixed or variable state, such as amplitude level adjusters (attenuators or amplifica - teurs according to the variants).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9808759 | 1998-07-08 | ||
FR9808759A FR2781087A1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 1998-07-08 | DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING AND / OR RECEIVING ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS, WITH ADAPTIVE ANTENNA WITH EXTENDED DIAGRAM |
PCT/FR1999/001664 WO2000003455A1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-07-08 | Device and method for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals with extended radiation pattern adaptative antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1095424A1 true EP1095424A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
Family
ID=9528425
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99929444A Withdrawn EP1095424A1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 1999-07-08 | Device and method for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signals with extended radiation pattern adaptative antenna |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1095424A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4625699A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2781087A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000003455A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10012080C1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-10-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Antenna array and method for operating an antenna array |
US7440785B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2008-10-21 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for enhancing link range in a wireless network using self-configurable antenna |
JP2004266367A (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Antenna device |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4431999A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1984-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Interference cancelling system using a notch and omnidirectional antenna |
DE3314387A1 (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-10-31 | Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München | ROUND RECEPTION ANTENNA |
US5152010A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1992-09-29 | American Nucleonics Corporation | Highly directive radio receiver employing relatively small antennas |
US5264862A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1993-11-23 | Hazeltine Corp. | High-isolation collocated antenna systems |
JP2561028B2 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1996-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Sidelobe canceller |
-
1998
- 1998-07-08 FR FR9808759A patent/FR2781087A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-08 AU AU46256/99A patent/AU4625699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-08 EP EP99929444A patent/EP1095424A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-08 WO PCT/FR1999/001664 patent/WO2000003455A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0003455A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2781087A1 (en) | 2000-01-14 |
WO2000003455A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
AU4625699A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
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