EP1091444B1 - Antenne plane pour véhicules à moteur - Google Patents

Antenne plane pour véhicules à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1091444B1
EP1091444B1 EP00121650A EP00121650A EP1091444B1 EP 1091444 B1 EP1091444 B1 EP 1091444B1 EP 00121650 A EP00121650 A EP 00121650A EP 00121650 A EP00121650 A EP 00121650A EP 1091444 B1 EP1091444 B1 EP 1091444B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch antenna
antenna according
radiant element
planar patch
ground plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00121650A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1091444A3 (fr
EP1091444A2 (fr
Inventor
Guido Biffi Gentili
Bruno Angelo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ask Industries SpA
Original Assignee
Ask Industries SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ask Industries SpA filed Critical Ask Industries SpA
Publication of EP1091444A2 publication Critical patent/EP1091444A2/fr
Publication of EP1091444A3 publication Critical patent/EP1091444A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1091444B1 publication Critical patent/EP1091444B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3291—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted in or on other locations inside the vehicle or vehicle body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a planar antenna for motor-vehicles. More particularly, the present invention relates to a microstrip (patch) planar antenna, particularly suitable for use in motor-cars both for cell-phones and for different applications.
  • a microstrip (patch) planar antenna particularly suitable for use in motor-cars both for cell-phones and for different applications.
  • the planar antenna of the present invention is preferably located on the windows of motor-vehicles, in particular on the rear window. It may be utilized both in the cell-phones of the present frequency field of 800/900 MHz (GSM, ETACS, AMPS, PCD) up to the higher frequencies of 2.5 GHz (DCS, UMTS, PCN, PDC, 1.5) and for applications other than telephony, such as for instance: reception in L, DAB, GPS band and the like, and at higher frequencies up to 6 GHz, as well as for Telepass type transponder systems of the, and the like.
  • Radiophony systems for motor-vehicles are known that utilize frequencies in the UHF band; at present systems are widespreading that use higher frequency systems, suitable to obtain an increasing number of transmission channels.
  • the present antennas adopted in such systems are of the stylus type; they are installed on the vehicles' metal roofs and provide acceptable performances, with an almost omnidirectional radiation and vertical polarization.
  • the metal roof acts as a mass plane and provides a good shielding for the interior compartment from the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the antenna.
  • said antennas while having proved to have satisfactory radioactive characteristics, have some drawbacks.
  • antennas have been realized that are directly mounted on the windscreen or the rear glass, in the inside of the passengers' compartment. They are constituted of flat leads having various shapes similar to monopoles or dipoles which however, because of their elongated shape, are mainly installed in an horizontal position, with ensuing distortion of the polarization of the magnetic field and a severe degradation of the radiation diagram, because of the electromagnetic coupling with the metal structures of the vehicle. Besides, their emission takes place indifferently both towards the inside and the outside of the passengers' compartment, exposing said passengers to high levels of electromagnetic field.
  • EP 0 801 435-A discloses a planar antenna which is applied to windscreens or rear window of vehicles.
  • Planar antennas suitable for the frequencies of the radiotelephone systems can be derived from the theory of the so-called patch-antennas, that consist essentially of two conductive surfaces, one of which has generally a size greater than the other one, aligned in parallel at a distance shorter than the wave length; between the two leads a dielectric material may be interposed or, more simply, the leads are maintained in the position by insulating spacers exploiting air as a dielectric.
  • This class of antennas includes also the one called "QWSCM" (Quarter Wave Short Circuited Microstrip Antenna) wherein the resonating length of the upper lead is reduced by ⁇ /2 to ⁇ /4, shorting a radiant edge.
  • JP 60134605-A discloses a planar patch antenna whereof the occupied area for mounting the antenna is nearly halved in comparison with a conventional patch antenna.
  • the characteristics clash with the requirements of the present cellular communication systems which utilize a frequency band of at least 10% and with the increasingly contingent need of protecting passengers against the exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by the antennas.
  • Object of this invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks.
  • planar antenna for motor-vehicles having the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the antenna of the present invention has a low profile with contained dimensions, is of simple construction and low cost, and can be easily installed in the inside of vehicles' compartments.
  • the antenna of the present invention lies essentially in that it has a band length equal to or higher than 10%; it can irradiate uniformly throughout the horizontal plane with a prevailingly vertical polarization of the electric field, as it may be compared to a horizontal radiant slot (magnetic current) and allows an adequate containment of the radiation emitted in the inside of passengers' compartment, avoiding the exceeding of the electromagnetic field limits indicated by the norms in force. It may be installed, on a prior simple tuning, on any type of vehicle.
  • the figures refer to a planar patch-antenna for use in motor-car applications of cellular telephony, of the known type indicated by the initials "QWSCM”.
  • the microstrip planar antenna (patch) of the present invention comprises a radiant element 1, that adheres to glass 2 constituting the windshield or the rear window of a vehicle: a mass plane 8 parallel to said radiant element 1 and a continuous striped metal lead 9 connecting said radiant element to said mass plane 8, and constituting the mass shorting element.
  • Said antenna is fed by a coaxial cable 5 fixed to a capacitive coupling 4 applied to the mass plane 8 and spaced from the radiant element 1 by a portion which depends on the operating band of the antenna.
  • the radiant element 1, the shorting lead 9 arranged orthogonally and the mass plane 8 are realized by punching and subsequent bending of one only continuos wall (9) which is oriented in a substantially orthogonal manner with respect to the radiant element I and the mass plane 8, parallel with each other.
  • the antenna is fed through a flat armor 13 capacitive coupling 4.
  • the lower distance of armor 13 from the upper radiant element 1 can be adjusted in order to optimize the radioactive and circuit characteristics of the antenna, in particular to optimize its band width.
  • the mass plane 8 may be possibly extended by means of a suitable transparent metallization of the low resistance, high optical transmittance rear window, shown in Figure 2.
  • transparent conductive films 2' applied on normal glasses may be utilized, or glasses already metallized by vacuum evaporation or sputtering, such as those already mounted on many models of motor-vehicles.
  • the back radiation can be reduced by up to 100 times, equal to 20 dB.
  • the main characteristics of the antenna of the present invention are basically the following:
  • Such characteristics cause the antenna of the present invention to be substantially universal for applications on any types of motor-cars and allow to operate in a band width equal to or higher than 10%, with a uniform irradiation on the horizontal plane, with a prevailingly vertical polarization of the electric field and boundary emissions of the electromagnetic field in the inside of the vehicle comprised within those indicated by the norms in force.
  • the mass shorting wall instead of being constituted of a continuous lead 9, is constituted of several suitably spaced strips 9' whose number and shape or size are characterizing parameters of the project of the antenna, depending on the determination of the overall entity of the inductive charge and the entity of the reduction in the physical size of the antenna.
  • the width determines the equivalent inductance associated to each strip.
  • Figure 4 schematizes the circuit configuration equivalent to a transmission line, wherefrom one understands that the inductive charging, realized by means of a plurality of strips 9' spaced by gaps, allows to shorten the resonant length of the antenna and, as a consequence, to reduce the size thereof.
  • the broken lines represent the width of RF voltage within the antenna.
  • a further embodiment realizable even more easily and which is more suitable for mass industrialization, is obtained by forming the mass plane 8 of the antenna from a printed circuit board metallized on one side only, for instance by means of a surface coppering, and having a coplanar transmission line printed or etched as shown in Figure 6.
  • the feeding line can be realized in the form of a coplanar microstrip, with the following advantages:
  • the radiant element 1 that comprises arc-shaped strips 9" is directly fastened to the conductive layer 12 of the mass plane 8 of the board by means of welding or rivets.
  • the fastening is carried out along the lower ends of said strips 9".
  • the capacitive coupling 4' is realized by means of a suspended foil 13, also provided with an arc-shaped strip 14 whose lower end is welded or tied with rivets or the like, at an end of the coplanar transmission line whose other end is connected to the connector or, more simply, to the coaxial cable 5.
  • Figure 7 shows the diagram of SWR or ROS (Stationary Waive Ratio) of an antenna according to the invention. measured with a 50 ohm standard instruments: as can be observed, its band_width SWR ⁇ 2 is given by frequencies (700-1130) MHz and that the percent value with respect to the central frequency is > 20%.
  • the planar antenna of the present invention is applied in particular in cellular telephony, from the present frequencies of 800/900 MHz (GSM, ETACS, AMPS, PCD) up to the higher ones of 2.5 GHz (DCS. UMTS, PCN, PCD 1.5); besides, it may be utilized for applications other than telephony, such as L, DAB, GPS band reception and the like and at higher frequencies up to 6 GHz. also for Telepass type transponder systems, and the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Antenne-plaque plane, appropriée pour être appliquée à des pare-brise ou des fenêtres arrières de véhicules, comprenant :
    un élément rayonnant (1) adhérant au verre (2) constituant le pare-brise ou la fenêtre arrière ;
    un plan de masse (8) parallèle audit élément rayonnant (1) ;
    un élément de court-circuit de masse comprenant un conducteur métallique (9, 9', 9") qui relie ledit élément rayonnant (1) audit plan de masse (8), ledit élément de court-circuit de masse étant sensiblement orthogonal par rapport audit élément rayonnant (1) et audit plan de masse (8), et ;
    des moyens d'alimentation,
       caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant (1) a des dimensions inférieures à celles du plan de masse (8), et en ce que les moyens d'alimentation comprennent un câble coaxial (5) appliqué audit plan de masse (8) et un couplage capacitif (4) avec un blindage plat (13) fixé audit câble coaxial (5), ledit blindage plat (13) étant disposé entre ledit élément rayonnant (1) et ledit plan de masse (8), s'étendant parallèlement audit élément rayonnant (1), ayant une surface inférieure à celle dudit élément rayonnant (1) et étant disposé à une certaine distance dudit élément rayonnant (1) en fonction de la bande passante de fonctionnement pour obtenir l'adaptation d'impédance maximale.
  2. Antenne-plaque plane selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que le verre (2) du pare-brise ou de la fenêtre arrière constitue la couche de couverture de l'élément rayonnant (1).
  3. Antenne-plaque plane selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les dimensions du plan de masse (8) sont prolongées à l'aide d'une métallisation de faible résistance transparente ayant un facteur de transmission optique élevé.
  4. Antenne-plaque plane selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les dimensions du plan de masse (8) sont prolongées à l'aide d'un film conducteur transparent (2') appliqué sur la fenêtre arrière ou le pare-brise.
  5. Antenne-plaque plane selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le pare-brise ou la fenêtre arrière est métallisée par une technique d'évaporation sous vide ou de pulvérisation cathodique.
  6. Antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant (1) a une forme quadrilatérale ou un profil avec des épaulement séquentiels (3) décroissant vers l'élément de court-circuit de masse (9, 9', 9"), ou une forme sensiblement trapézoïdale (3').
  7. Antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de court-circuit de masse est constitué par plusieurs bandes espacées droites (9') ou en forme d'arc (9").
  8. Antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le plan de masse (8) est obtenu à partir d'une carte de circuits imprimés, métallisée sur un seul côté (12) et munie d'une ligne de transmission coplanaire imprimée ou gravée.
  9. Antenne-plaque plane selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant (1), comprenant les bandes droites (9') ou en forme d'arc (9"), est directement fixé au plan de masse (8) le long de l'extrémité libre de ladite bande droite (9') ou desdites bandes (9"), et en ce que le couplage capacitif (4') du blindage plat (13) est obtenu à l'aide d'une bande incurvée (14) dont l'extrémité libre est fixée à une extrémité de la ligne de transmission coplanaire imprimée ou gravée ; l'extrémité opposée de ladite ligne de transmission coplanaire imprimée ou gravée étant connectée au câble coaxial (5).
  10. Antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le plan de masse (8) est pourvu d'une fente (7) et en ce que le câble coaxial (5) est pourvu d'un connecteur (6) ; ledit connecteur (6) coulissant le long de ladite f ente (7) pour ajuster la distance du blindage plat (13) vis-à-vis de l'élément rayonnant (1) pour l'adaptation d'impédance maximale.
  11. Antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 et 10, caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant (1), l'élément de court-circuit de masse (9, 9', 9") et le plan de masse (8) sont fabriqués à partir d'une plaque de métal unique par matricage et courbure ultérieure.
  12. Utilisation de l'antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans des téléphones cellulaires avec des fréquences comprises entre 800 et 900 MHz (GSM, ETACS, AMPS, PCD), et jusqu'à 2,5 GHz (DCS, UMTS, PCN, PDC 1.5).
  13. Utilisation de l'antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes parmi les revendications 1 à 11, pour la réception des fréquences des bandes L, DAB et GPS, et à des fréquences plus élevées jusqu'à 6 GHz.
  14. Utilisation de l'antenne-plaque plane selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes parmi les revendications 1 à 11, dans des systèmes de répondeur du type Telepass.
EP00121650A 1999-10-08 2000-10-04 Antenne plane pour véhicules à moteur Expired - Lifetime EP1091444B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999RE000101A IT1309775B1 (it) 1999-10-08 1999-10-08 Antenna planare per autoveicoli.
ITRE990101 1999-10-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1091444A2 EP1091444A2 (fr) 2001-04-11
EP1091444A3 EP1091444A3 (fr) 2002-04-17
EP1091444B1 true EP1091444B1 (fr) 2003-12-17

Family

ID=11399497

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00121650A Expired - Lifetime EP1091444B1 (fr) 1999-10-08 2000-10-04 Antenne plane pour véhicules à moteur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1091444B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60007254T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1309775B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004041014B3 (de) * 2004-08-24 2006-01-19 Siemens Ag Antenne und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2825517A1 (fr) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-06 Socapex Amphenol Antenne a plaque
EP1624527B1 (fr) 2003-04-24 2012-05-09 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Dispositif d'antenne
DE102004027692A1 (de) * 2004-03-10 2005-10-06 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verwendung einer invertierten L-Antenne in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE102009048229B4 (de) * 2009-10-05 2021-01-21 Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Antenneneinheit für eine Drahtlos-Audioübertragung
JP7140145B2 (ja) 2018-02-02 2022-09-21 Ａｇｃ株式会社 アンテナ装置、車両用窓ガラス及び窓ガラス構造
DE102018126361A1 (de) * 2018-10-23 2020-04-23 Fuba Automotive Electronics Gmbh Folienantenne

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60134605A (ja) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp マイクロストリツプアンテナ
JP2846482B2 (ja) * 1991-01-28 1999-01-13 三菱電機株式会社 フィルタ・アンテナ装置
DE19614068A1 (de) * 1996-04-09 1997-10-16 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Flachantenne
US5986612A (en) * 1996-12-30 1999-11-16 General Motors Corporation Vehicle window antenna

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004041014B3 (de) * 2004-08-24 2006-01-19 Siemens Ag Antenne und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE990101A0 (it) 1999-10-08
EP1091444A3 (fr) 2002-04-17
EP1091444A2 (fr) 2001-04-11
DE60007254T2 (de) 2004-09-30
DE60007254D1 (de) 2004-01-29
ITRE990101A1 (it) 2001-04-08
IT1309775B1 (it) 2002-01-30

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