EP1081331B1 - Method and suction system for ventilation, i.e. smoke suction in tunnels - Google Patents
Method and suction system for ventilation, i.e. smoke suction in tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- EP1081331B1 EP1081331B1 EP00118829A EP00118829A EP1081331B1 EP 1081331 B1 EP1081331 B1 EP 1081331B1 EP 00118829 A EP00118829 A EP 00118829A EP 00118829 A EP00118829 A EP 00118829A EP 1081331 B1 EP1081331 B1 EP 1081331B1
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- tunnel
- exhaust air
- air duct
- suction
- flow
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
Definitions
- the invention of the present application relates to a process for venting and / or exhausting flue gas in case of danger with fire in a tunnel, especially car or train tunnel.
- the invention further relates to a suction system for a tunnel, in particular Car or railway tunnel, with an exhaust duct with corresponding in the tunnel mouth exhaust air duct openings.
- the concerns Invention a use of a device for detecting and aspirating of fluids.Tunnel for motor vehicles obtained in the receding Europe increasingly important as links between North and South, East and West. Even in the urban area is expected that in particular for the reduction of noise and exhaust pollution or as accelerated traffic route in city thoroughfares more and more roads Underground constructed as a tunnel or laid in an underground tunnel become.
- a fire ventilation system plays a central role here.
- This task is accomplished by a method of o.g. Type with the in claim 1 characterized features solved.
- a flow in particular a vortex flow is formed in particular in the upper region of the tunnel cross-section sucked air radially or tangentially and an exhaust duct at one Ceiling of the tunnel is fed or that inside or below one Area, in particular an upper third of a tunnel cross-section a parallel to the tunnel longitudinal axis and / or transverse Detecting flow is formed, which is a uniform detection ensured over the length of the detection flow, in particular a Vortex flow, extracted from the radial or tangential air and a Exhaust duct is supplied to a ceiling of the tunnel.
- the o.g. Task is further by a suction of the o.g. Kind of with the solved in claim 6 marked features.
- a device for influencing an air flow in the region of the exhaust air duct opening and / or in a tunnel area below the exhaust duct opening is arranged.
- the exhaust duct is arranged on a ceiling of the tunnel.
- a uniform suction across all suction openings is achieved by that the exhaust duct on the ceiling of the tunnel in particular axially parallel and centrally arranged to this or offset laterally.
- the exhaust duct has an exhaust opening to the environment.
- the device comprises for influencing the air flow a stabilized swirl flow at least partially enclosing and this swirl flow leading coat, which is formed, for example, part-cylindrical.
- this swirl flow leading coat which is formed, for example, part-cylindrical.
- points the mantle is extending in the axial direction with respect to the mantle Inflow opening and a plurality of suction openings, which with the Exhaust duct opening are connected.
- the suction openings are for example arranged tangentially or radially to the swirl flow.
- each suction opening has a tube, which extends into the mantle.
- Cross smoke extraction is achieved by superposition of the vacuum fields in the two jacket pipes, which led along the tunnel wall are and possibly by a flow around the partition skirt, so that too In the transverse direction with respect to the tunnel smoke is sucked, since this vortex flow directly and actively transported the smoke to the mantle before the smoke can spread further.
- Tunnellijnsraum spaced apart aprons in one upper area, in particular in the upper third to fourth of the tunnel cross-section intended.
- Each of the dividing aprons extends at least to the lower edge of the jacket tube.
- a device for manufacturing an air sink or a negative pressure, in particular a fan, intended in the exhaust duct, a device for manufacturing an air sink or a negative pressure, in particular a fan, intended.
- the invention further provides a use of a device for Capture and suction of fluids, in particular air and / or other Gases, with a stabilized swirl flow at least partially enclosing and this swirl flow leading coat, as a suction system proposed for flue gas in a tunnel.
- the inside or below an upper portion of the tunnel cross-section formed flow in formed the middle of the tunnel. It has been shown that by the direct Extraction of flue gases from a fire source from below above and the discharge of flue gases directly above the fire particularly effective smoke extraction can take place.
- the said flow is advantageously vertically below the Exhaust duct openings formed so that the flue gases on the shortest Get routes in the exhaust duct and from there with a high volume performance can be removed.
- the device for influencing an air flow in the Center of the tunnel arranged.
- a particularly efficient extraction can be achieved.
- the said device for influencing an air flow vertically below the exhaust duct opening arranged the exhaust duct. In this way, the Flue gases on the shortest way up through the exhaust duct openings and be transported from there into the exhaust duct.
- the device for Influencing an air flow symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel.
- This can be a substantially symmetrical Training the suction flows are achieved in the tunnel, so that over the entire width of the tunnel a uniform smoke extraction can be done.
- the illustrated in Figure 1 embodiment of a suction 100 for Detecting and aspirating fluids in a tunnel 10 comprises at one Tunnel ceiling 12 an exhaust duct 11 with at least one exhaust duct opening 14, which is connected to the exhaust duct 11.
- This exhaust duct 11 extends, for example, below the tunnel ceiling 12 parallel to the axis to the tunnel 10, has several associated with the tunnel 10 exhaust duct openings 14 and an opening into the environment, not shown Exhaust opening.
- the exhaust system 100 further includes a preferably in the upper third to quarter of the tunnel cross-section extending partition skirt 16, wherein in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 10th spaced from each other a plurality of separation aprons 16 are arranged, which divides this upper area of the tunnel into several segments, for example divide each 100 m.
- a total suction is at, for example, one or two still open exhaust duct openings 14 for the removal of flue gas available, because it is an experience that for sure Flue gas removal from the area of the source of fire approximately the four- to fivefold amount of air volume must be extracted than on flue gas volume arises from this source of fire.
- the optional opening and Closing the exhaust duct openings 14 makes it possible that not the entire plant for all segments at the same time on such a high Volume flow rate must be designed, but that it is sufficient if this volume throughput per segment with only one or two open Exhaust duct openings 14 is achieved.
- Volumen is usually sufficient in a fire opening an exhaust duct opening 14 which that segment of the tunnel 10th is assigned, in which the fire is localized. Unless the source of fire takes place at a transition from one segment to the next the Rauchgasausaugung expediently in both together bordering segments.
- a baffle 30 is arranged, which has a Channel 32 with the tunnel wall 28 with an approximately triangular cross-section forms and the flue gas stream to the suction opening 24 in the false ceiling 34 leads.
- FIG. 2 shows in cross section a further extraction system according to the present invention Invention. Same parts as in the extraction system of Figure 1 are provided with the same reference numbers. The basic structure and the basic function of this extraction system correspond Figure 1, so that they need not be explained again.
- the essential difference from the extraction system according to FIG. 1 is that that the device 18 for generating a swirl flow in the middle the tunnel 16, that is centrally along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel is arranged. As a result, this is the case in a suction Flow pattern changed. As has been shown in experiments, it is regarding the efficiency of the suction surprisingly significantly improved.
- the basic flow pattern is indicated by arrows in the figure. From this it can be seen that those emanating from a source Exhaust gases on relatively short and direct route to the device 18 and from there to the exhaust duct 11 can pass.
- the device 18 consists essentially of two symmetrical with respect the tunnel longitudinal axis arranged cylindrical sheaths 22, which are open at the top and allow the entry of gases there.
- the coats 22 stabilize a swirl flow in their interior. Such a flow is based on a photo from a series of experiments in the field of application of Figure 2 shown.
- a suction 14 Centrally above the two shells 22 is centrally located a suction 14, which leads into the exhaust duct 11. About the exhaust duct opening 14th can suck air tangentially from the swirl flow in the coats 22 become.
- the exhaust duct 11 is also centrally along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel 16 arranged, giving a total of short distances of the extracted air be achieved by the device 18 in the exhaust duct 11.
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung der vorliegenden Zusatzanmeldung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entlüften und/oder Absaugen von Rauchgas bei einem Gefahrenfall mit Brand in einem Tunnel, insbesondere Auto- oder Eisenbahntunnel. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Absauganlage für einen Tunnel, insbesondere Auto- oder Eisenbahntunnel, mit einem Abluftkanal mit entsprechenden in den Tunnel mundenden Abluftkanalöffnungen. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Erfassen und Absaugen von Fluiden.Tunnel für Kraftfahrzeuge erhalten im zusammenrückenden Europa immer größere Bedeutung als Bindeglieder zwischen Nord und Sud, Ost und West. Auch im städtischen Bereich ist damit zu rechnen, dass insbesondere zur Reduktion von Lärm und Abgasbelastung oder als beschleunigter Verkehrsweg in Stadtdurchfahrten mehr und mehr Straßen unterirdisch als Tunnel gebaut bzw. in einen unterirdischen Tunnel verlegt werden. Durch eine ständig ansteigende Benutzerzahl mit entsprechend steigendem Verkehrsaufkommen und damit einher gehender erhöhter Gefahr von Unfällen ist die Sicherheit eines Tunnels im Bezug auf Fluchtund Rettungsmöglichkeiten bei einem Gefahrenfall mit Brand ein wesentlicher Punkt. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt hierbei eine Brandlüftungsanlage.The invention of the present application relates to a process for venting and / or exhausting flue gas in case of danger with fire in a tunnel, especially car or train tunnel. The The invention further relates to a suction system for a tunnel, in particular Car or railway tunnel, with an exhaust duct with corresponding in the tunnel mouth exhaust air duct openings. In addition, the concerns Invention a use of a device for detecting and aspirating of fluids.Tunnel for motor vehicles obtained in the receding Europe increasingly important as links between North and South, East and West. Even in the urban area is expected that in particular for the reduction of noise and exhaust pollution or as accelerated traffic route in city thoroughfares more and more roads Underground constructed as a tunnel or laid in an underground tunnel become. By a constantly increasing number of users with accordingly increasing traffic and associated increased Danger of accidents is the safety of a tunnel in relation to flight and Rescue capabilities in a hazardous situation with fire an essential Point. A fire ventilation system plays a central role here.
In dem Artikel "Lüftung und Brandlüftung im Autotunnel" von Manfred Bayerl, erschienen in "HLH, Beratende Ingenieure", August 1999, Seiten 8 bis 12, wird ein Lüftungssystem vorgeschlagen, welches reversible Weitwurfventilatoren mit einem Absaugsystem kombiniert. Das Absaugsystem weist dabei unterschiedliche, verschließbare Absaugöffnungen auf, welche bei einem Unfall mit Brand bei geeigneter Regelung sehr rasch die Belüftung des Brandherdes herstellen und möglicherweise Frischluft aus beiden Richtungen heran bringen. In the article "Ventilation and fire ventilation in the car tunnel" by Manfred Bayerl, published in "HLH, Consulting Engineers", August 1999, pages 8 To 12, a ventilation system is proposed which reversible throw-away fans combined with a suction system. The suction system has different, closable suction, which in an accident with fire with appropriate regulation very quickly the Provide ventilation of the source of the fire and possibly fresh air bring both directions.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein neuartiges Verfahren und eine neuartige Vorrichtung der o.g. Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche mit einem einfachen Aufbau im Falle eines Brandes im Tunnel eine verbesserte Rauchgasabsaugung erzielen.It is an object of the present invention, a novel method and a novel device of the o.g. To provide kind of which with a simple construction in case of a fire in the tunnel an improved Achieve smoke evacuation.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst.This task is accomplished by a method of o.g. Type with the in claim 1 characterized features solved.
Dazu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass innerhalb oder unterhalb eines oberen Bereiches, insbesondere eines oberen Drittels eines Tunnelquerschnitts eine Strömung, insbesondere eine Wirbelströmung ausgebildet wird, von der im oberen Bereich des Tunnelquerschnittes insbesondere radial oder tangential Luft abgesaugt und einem Abluftkanal an einer Decke des Tunnels zugeführt wird bzw. dass innerhalb oder unterhalb eines Bereiches, insbesondere eines oberen Drittels eines Tunnelquerschnitts eine parallel zur Tunnellängsachse und/oder quer verlaufende Erfassungsströmung ausgebildet wird, die eine gleichmäßige Erfassung über die Länge der Erfassungsströmung gewährleistet, insbesondere eine Wirbelströmung, aus der radial oder tangential Luft abgesaugt und einem Abluftkanal an einer Decke des Tunnels zugeführt wird.For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that inside or below an upper region, in particular an upper third of a tunnel cross-section a flow, in particular a vortex flow is formed in particular in the upper region of the tunnel cross-section sucked air radially or tangentially and an exhaust duct at one Ceiling of the tunnel is fed or that inside or below one Area, in particular an upper third of a tunnel cross-section a parallel to the tunnel longitudinal axis and / or transverse Detecting flow is formed, which is a uniform detection ensured over the length of the detection flow, in particular a Vortex flow, extracted from the radial or tangential air and a Exhaust duct is supplied to a ceiling of the tunnel.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass auf aktive und effektive Weise sich im Tunnel an einem Brandherd bildendes Rauchgas schnell und mit großem Volumendurchsatz abgesaugt wird, bevor sich dieses Rauchgas im Tunnel ausbreiten kann.This has the advantage of being active and effective in the tunnel flue gas forming a source of fire quickly and with high volume throughput is sucked off before this flue gas spread in the tunnel can.
Vorzugsweise Weitergestaltungen des Verfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 5 beschrieben.Preferably further developments of the method are in the claims 2 to 5 described.
Für eine maximale Absaugleistung im Bereich eines Rauchgas abgebenden Brandherdes werden eine oder mehrere einem Brand im Tunnel nächstliegende Abluftkanalöffnungen geöffnet und die übrigen geschlossen.For maximum extraction in the area of a flue gas Fires will be one or more fires in the tunnel Nearest exhaust duct openings open and the rest closed.
Eine Begrenzung der Ausbreitung von Rauchgas mit entsprechend verbesserter Absaugmöglichkeit erzielt man dadurch, dass der Tunnel mittels in Tunnellängsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Trennschürzen in einem oberen Drittel bis Viertel des Tunnelquerschnittes vertikal in einzelne Segmente in Tunnellängsrichtung aufgeteilt wird, wobei jedem Segment wenigstens eine Abluftkanalöffnungen zugeordnet wird. Hierdurch werden virtuelle Rauchabschnitte gebildet.Limiting the spread of flue gas with correspondingly improved Absaugmöglichkeit achieved by the fact that the tunnel means in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel spaced aprons in one upper third to fourth of the tunnel cross section vertically in single Segments is split in the tunnel longitudinal direction, each segment at least one exhaust duct openings is assigned. This will be formed virtual smoke sections.
Die o.g. Aufgabe wird ferner durch eine Absauganlage der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 6 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst.The o.g. Task is further by a suction of the o.g. Kind of with the solved in claim 6 marked features.
Dazu ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass mindestens an oder wenigstens im Bereich einer Abluftkanalöffnung des Abluftkanals eine Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen einer Luftströmung im Bereich der Abluftkanalöffnung und/oder in einem Tunnelbereich unterhalb der Abluftkanalöffnung angeordnet ist.For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that at least at or at least in the region of an exhaust duct opening of the exhaust duct, a device for influencing an air flow in the region of the exhaust air duct opening and / or in a tunnel area below the exhaust duct opening is arranged.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass durch Herstellen einer gezielt geführten Luftbewegung im Tunnel bzw. im Bereich eines Rauchgas abgebenden Brandherdes aktiv bereits am Entstehungsort das Rauchgas abgezogen wird, bevor es sich weiter im Tunnel verteilt.This has the advantage that by producing a deliberately guided air movement in the tunnel or in the area of a flue gas emitting fire actively withdrawing the flue gas at the point of origin, before it spreads further in the tunnel.
Vorzugsweise Weitergestaltungen der Absauganlage sind in den Ansprüchen 7 bis 20 beschrieben.Preferably further developments of the extraction system are in the claims 7 to 20 described.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Abluftkanal an einer Decke des Tunnels angeordnet. Conveniently, the exhaust duct is arranged on a ceiling of the tunnel.
Eine gleichmäßige Absaugung über alle Absaugöffnungen erzielt man dadurch, dass der Abluftkanal an der Decke des Tunnels insbesondere achsparallel und mittig zu diesem oder seitlich versetzt angeordnet ist.A uniform suction across all suction openings is achieved by that the exhaust duct on the ceiling of the tunnel in particular axially parallel and centrally arranged to this or offset laterally.
Zum endgültigen Abführen von Rauchgas weist der Abluftkanal eine Abluftöffnung an die Umgebung auf.For the final discharge of flue gas, the exhaust duct has an exhaust opening to the environment.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen der Luftströmung einen eine stabilisierte Drallströmung wenigstens teilweise umschließenden und diese Drallströmung führenden Mantel, welcher beispielsweise teilzylinderförmig ausgebildet ist. Hierbei weist der Mantel eine sich in axialer Richtung bezüglich des Mantels erstrekkende Zuströmöffnung und mehrere Absaugöffnungen auf, welche mit der Abluftkanalöffnung verbunden sind. Die Absaugöffnungen sind beispielsweise tangential oder radial zur Drallströmung angeordnet.In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises for influencing the air flow a stabilized swirl flow at least partially enclosing and this swirl flow leading coat, which is formed, for example, part-cylindrical. Hereby points the mantle is extending in the axial direction with respect to the mantle Inflow opening and a plurality of suction openings, which with the Exhaust duct opening are connected. The suction openings are for example arranged tangentially or radially to the swirl flow.
Zum Herstellen entsprechender Wirbel- und Drallströmungen innerhalb und/oder unterhalb des Mantels weist jede Absaugöffnung ein Rohr auf, welches sich in den Mantel hinein erstreckt.For producing corresponding vortex and swirl flows within and / or below the shell, each suction opening has a tube, which extends into the mantle.
Eine Querentrauchung erzielt man durch die Überlagerung der Unterdruckfelder in den beiden Mantelrohren, die längs der Tunnelwand geführt sind und ggf. durch eine Umströmung an der Trennschürze, so dass auch in Querrichtung bzgl. des Tunnels Rauch abgesaugt wird, da diese Wirbelströmung den Rauch direkt und aktiv zum Mantel befördert bevor sich der Rauch weiter ausbreiten kann.Cross smoke extraction is achieved by superposition of the vacuum fields in the two jacket pipes, which led along the tunnel wall are and possibly by a flow around the partition skirt, so that too In the transverse direction with respect to the tunnel smoke is sucked, since this vortex flow directly and actively transported the smoke to the mantle before the smoke can spread further.
Zum Aufteilen des Tunnels in mehrere Segmente, aus denen Rauchgas im wesentlichen nicht in andere Segmente überströmt, sind mehrere, in Tunnellängsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Trennschürzen in einem oberen Bereich, insbesondere im oberen Drittel bis Viertel des Tunnelquerschnittes vorgesehen. Jede der Trennschürzen erstreckt sich mindestens bis zur Unterkante des Mantelrohres.For dividing the tunnel into several segments that make up flue gas essentially not overflowed into other segments, are several, in Tunnellängsrichtung spaced apart aprons in one upper area, in particular in the upper third to fourth of the tunnel cross-section intended. Each of the dividing aprons extends at least to the lower edge of the jacket tube.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist in dem Abluftkanal eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Luftsenke bzw. eines Unterdrucks, insbesondere ein Ventilator, vorgesehen.Conveniently, in the exhaust duct, a device for manufacturing an air sink or a negative pressure, in particular a fan, intended.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ferner eine Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Erfassen und Absaugen von Fluiden, insbesondere Luft und/oder anderen Gasen, mit einem eine stabilisierte Drallströmung wenigstens teilweise umschließenden und diese Drallströmung führenden Mantel, als Absauganlage für Rauchgas in einem Tunnel vorgeschlagen.The invention further provides a use of a device for Capture and suction of fluids, in particular air and / or other Gases, with a stabilized swirl flow at least partially enclosing and this swirl flow leading coat, as a suction system proposed for flue gas in a tunnel.
Weiterhin ist vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, die innerhalb oder unterhalb eines oberen Bereiches des Tunnelquerschnitts ausgebildete Strömung in der Mitte des Tunnels ausgebildet. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die direkte Absaugung von Rauchgasen eines Brandherdes von unten nach oben und die Abführung der Rauchgase direkt über dem Brandherd eine besonders effektive Entrauchung erfolgen kann.Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the inside or below an upper portion of the tunnel cross-section formed flow in formed the middle of the tunnel. It has been shown that by the direct Extraction of flue gases from a fire source from below above and the discharge of flue gases directly above the fire particularly effective smoke extraction can take place.
Dabei wird die genannte Strömung vorteilhafterweise vertikal unterhalb der Abluftkanalöffnungen ausgebildet, so dass die Rauchgase auf kürzestem Wege in den Abluftkanal gelangen und von dort mit einer hohen Volumenleistung entfernt werden können.The said flow is advantageously vertically below the Exhaust duct openings formed so that the flue gases on the shortest Get routes in the exhaust duct and from there with a high volume performance can be removed.
Demnach ist die Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen einer Luftströmung in der Mitte des Tunnels angeordnet. Wie bereits erläutert, kann mit einer derartigen Anordnung eine besonders effiziente Absaugung erzielt werden.Accordingly, the device for influencing an air flow in the Center of the tunnel arranged. As already explained, with such a Arrangement a particularly efficient extraction can be achieved.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Absauganlage ist die genannte Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen einer Luftströmung vertikal unterhalb der Abluftkanalöffnung des Abluftkanals angeordnet. Auf diese Weise können die Rauchgase auf kürzestem Wege nach oben durch die Abluftkanalöffnungen und von dort in den Abluftkanal befördert werden.According to a development of the extraction system is the said device for influencing an air flow vertically below the exhaust duct opening arranged the exhaust duct. In this way, the Flue gases on the shortest way up through the exhaust duct openings and be transported from there into the exhaust duct.
Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen einer Luftströmung symmetrisch bezüglich der Längsachse des Tunnels aufgebaut. Hierdurch kann eine im wesentlichen symmetrische Ausbildung der Absaugströmungen im Tunnel erreicht werden, so dass über die gesamte Breite des Tunnels eine gleichmäßige Entrauchung erfolgen kann.According to another embodiment of the invention, the device for Influencing an air flow symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. This can be a substantially symmetrical Training the suction flows are achieved in the tunnel, so that over the entire width of the tunnel a uniform smoke extraction can be done.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen naher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Tunnels mit einer Absauganlage und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Tunnels mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Absauganlage.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic sectional view of a tunnel with a suction and
- Fig. 2
- a schematic sectional view of a tunnel with a further embodiment of an extraction system according to the invention.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsform einer Absauganlage 100 zum
Erfassen und Absaugen von Fluiden in einem Tunnel 10 umfasst an einer
Tunneldecke 12 einen Abluftkanal 11 mit mindestens einer Abluftkanalöffnung
14, welche mit dem Abluftkanal 11 verbunden ist. Dieser Abluftkanal
11 erstreckt sich beispielsweise unterhalb der Tunneldecke 12 achsparallel
zum Tunnel 10, weist mehrere mit dem Tunnel 10 verbundene Abluftkanalöffnungen
14 sowie eine in die Umgebung mündende, nicht dargestellte
Abluftöffnung auf. Die Absauganlage 100 umfasst ferner eine sich
bevorzugterweise im oberen Drittel bis Viertel des Tunnelquerschnittes
erstreckende Trennschürze 16, wobei in Längsrichtung des Tunnels 10
beabstandet voneinander mehrere Trennschürzen 16 angeordnet sind,
welche diesen oberen Bereich des Tunnels in mehrere Segmente von beispielsweise
jeweils 100 m unterteilen. Sofern in einem Segment ein
Brandherd mit Rauchgasentwicklung entsteht, bleiben die an die Tunneldecke
12 strömenden Rauchgase zumindest für eine kurze Zeit auf das
betroffene Segment begrenzt, da die Trennwände an der Tunneldecke 12
ein Überströmen in ein benachbartes Segment des Tunnels 10 im Wesentlichen
verhindern, so dass der übrige Tunnel 10 bzw. die übrigen
Segmente des Tunnels 10 als Fluchtwege zunächst frei von Rauchgasen
bleiben.The illustrated in Figure 1 embodiment of a
Unterhalb der Abluftkanalöffnung 14 ist eine Vorrichtung 18 zum Beeinflussen
einer Luftströmung 20 im Bereich der Abluftkanalöffnung und/oder
in einem Tunnelbereich unterhalb der Abluftkanalöffnung vorgesehen,
welche einen eine stabilisierte Drallströmung wenigstens teilweise umschließenden
und diese Drallströmung führenden Mantel 22 umfasst.Below the
Durch einen in dem Abluftkanal erzeugten Unterdruck kommt es zu einer
Luftströmung aus dem Tunnel 10 in den Mantel 22, durch die Absaugöffnungen
24 und über die Abluftkanalöffnung 14 in den Abluftkanal 11.
Durch die Anordnung und Ausbildung des Mantels 22 in dieser Luftströmung
stellen sich die gewünschten Wirbelstrome ein. Diese transportieren
aktiv im Tunnel 10 befindliche Schwebestoffe, wie beispielsweise Ruß aus
einer Verbrennung in Brennkraftmaschinen der den Tunnel 10 befahrenden
Kraftfahrzeuge oder Staub, zum Mantel 22, wo diese Schwebestoffe
gezielt abgesaugt werden. Dies erzielt eine gezielte Reinigung der Luft im
Tunnel 10 mit geringerem Luftvolumendurchsatz durch die Absauganlage
100.By a negative pressure generated in the exhaust duct, it comes to a
Air flow from the
Bei Feststellung eines Brandes im Tunnel 10 wird die Absauganlage 100
zu einer Rauchgasabführung, indem alle Abluftkanalöffnungen 14, außer
der oder denjenigen benachbart zum Brandherd, geschlossen werden.
Somit steht eine gesamte Absaugleistung an beispielsweise einer oder
zwei noch geöffneten Abluftkanalöffnungen 14 zum Abfuhren von Rauchgas
zur Verfügung, denn es ist ein Erfahrungswert, dass zur sicheren
Rauchgasabführung aus dem Bereich des Brandherdes etwa die vier- bis
fünffache Menge an Luftvolumen abgesaugt werden muss als an Rauchgasvolumen
aus diesem Brandherd entsteht. Das wahlweise Öffnen und
Schließen der Abluftkanalöffnungen 14 ermöglicht dabei, dass nicht die
gesamte Anlage für alle Segmente gleichzeitig auf einen derart hohen
Volumendurchsatz ausgelegt sein muss, sondern dass es genügt, wenn
dieser Volumendurchsatz pro Segment bei nur einer oder zwei offenen
Abluftkanalöffnungen 14 erreicht wird. Bei entsprechender Auslegung des
Volumendurchsatzes genügt in der Regel bei einem Brand das Öffnen
einer Abluftkanalöffnung 14, welche demjenigen Segment des Tunnels 10
zugeordnet ist, in dem der Brandherd lokalisiert ist. Sofern sich der Brandherd
an einem Übergang von einem Segment zum nächsten befindet, erfolgt
die Rauchgasabsaugung zweckmäßigerweise in beiden aneinander
grenzenden Segmente.Upon detection of a fire in the
Oberhalb des Mantelrohres 22 ist ein Leitblech 30 angeordnet, das einen
Kanal 32 mit der Tunnelwand 28 mit einem etwa dreieckförmigen Querschnitt
bildet und den Rauchgasstrom zur Absaugöffnung 24 in der Zwischendecke
34 fuhrt.Above the
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung sind, wie in Fig. 1 mit gestrichelten
Linien angedeutet, in den Absaugöffnungen 24 Rohren 36 angeordnet,
welche um eine entsprechende Lange in den Innenbereich 26 des Mantels
22 hineinragen und eine Drallströmung innerhalb des Mantels 22 erzeugen.In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. 1 with dashed
Indicated lines, arranged in the
Figur 2 zeigt im Querschnitt eine weitere Absauganlage gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Gleiche Teile wie bei der Absauganlage nach Figur 1 sind dabei mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen. Der grundsätzliche Aufbau und die grundsätzliche Funktion dieser Absauganlage entsprechen Figur 1, so dass sie nicht erneut erläutert werden müssen. FIG. 2 shows in cross section a further extraction system according to the present invention Invention. Same parts as in the extraction system of Figure 1 are provided with the same reference numbers. The basic structure and the basic function of this extraction system correspond Figure 1, so that they need not be explained again.
Der wesentliche Unterschied zur Absauganlage nach Figur 1 besteht darin,
dass die Vorrichtung 18 zum Erzeugen einer Drallströmung in der Mitte
des Tunnels 16, das heißt zentral entlang der Längsachse des Tunnels
angeordnet ist. Hierdurch wird das sich bei einer Absaugung einstellende
Strömungsbild verändert. Wie sich in Versuchen gezeigt hat, wird es hinsichtlich
der Effizienz der Absaugung überraschenderweise erheblich verbessert.
Das prinzipielle Strömungsbild ist in der Figur durch Pfeile angedeutet.
Hieraus wird erkennbar, dass die von einer Quelle ausgehenden
Abgase auf verhältnismäßig kurzem und direktem Wege zur der Vorrichtung
18 und von dort zum Abluftkanal 11 gelangen können.The essential difference from the extraction system according to FIG. 1 is that
that the
Die Vorrichtung 18 besteht im wesentlichen aus zwei symmetrisch bezüglich
der Tunnellängsachse angeordneten zylindrischen Mänteln 22, welche
oben offen sind und dort den Eintritt von Gasen erlauben. Die Mäntel 22
stabilisieren eine Drallströmung in ihrem Innenraum. Eine solche Strömung
ist anhand eines Fotos aus einer Versuchsreihe im Einsatzfeld von
Figur 2 gezeigt.The
Mittig oberhalb der beiden Mäntel 22 befindet sich zentral eine Absaugöffnung
14, die in den Abluftkanal 11 führt. Über die Abluftkanalöffnung 14
kann Luft tangential aus der Drallströmung in den Mänteln 22 abgesaugt
werden.Centrally above the two
Der Abluftkanal 11 ist ebenfalls mittig entlang der Längsachse des Tunnels
16 angeordnet, so dass insgesamt kurze Wege der abgesaugten Luft
von der Vorrichtung 18 in den Abluftkanal 11 erreicht werden. The
- 100100
- Absauganlageextraction
- 1010
- Tunneltunnel
- 1111
- Abluftkanalexhaust duct
- 1212
- Tunneldecketunnel ceiling
- 1414
- AbluftkanalöffnungExhaust duct opening
- 1616
- Trennschürzepartition skirt
- 1818
- Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen einer LuftströmungDevice for influencing an air flow
- 2020
- Luftströmungairflow
- 2121
- Zuströmöffnunginflow
- 2222
- Mantelcoat
- 2323
- MantelunterkanteCoat bottom edge
- 2424
- Absaugöffnungensuction
- 2626
- innerer Bereich des Mantelsinner area of the coat
- 2828
- Tunnelwandungtunnel wall
- 3030
- Leitblechbaffle
- 3232
- Kanalchannel
- 3434
- Zwischendeckefalse ceiling
- 3636
- Rohrpipe
Claims (20)
- Method for deaerating and/or sucking off flue gas in a hazard case with fire in a tunnel (10), in particular a car or railway tunnel,
characterized in that a detection flow (20) running parallel and/or transversely to the tunnel longitudinal axis is formed inside or below an upper area, in particular an upper third of a tunnel cross section, this detection flow guaranteeing an uniform detection over the length of the detection flow, in particular a turbulent flow from which air is sucked off radially or tangentially and is fed to an exhaust air duct (11) at a ceiling (12) of the tunnel (10). - Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that said flow is formed in the middle of the tunnel (16). - Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the flow is formed vertically below the exhaust air duct openings (14). - Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that one or several exhaust air duct openings (14) of the exhaust duct (11) situated nearest to a fire in the tunnel open and the rest of them close. - Method according to any of the claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the tunnel is divided vertically into single segments by means of separating aprons spaced from each other in the tunnel longitudinal direction in an upper third to quarter of the tunnel cross section, at least one exhaust air duct opening (14) of the exhaust air duct (11) being assigned to each segment. - Suction plant (100) for a tunnel (10), in particular car tunnel, with an exhaust air duct (11) with corresponding exhaust air duct openings (14) ending into the tunnel,
characterized in that a device (18) for influencing an air flow (20, 32) is placed in the area of the exhaust air duct opening (14) and/or in a tunnel area below the exhaust air duct opening (14) at least on or at least in the area of an exhaust air duct opening (14) of the exhaust air duct (11). - Suction plant according to claim 6,
characterized in that said device (18) is placed in the middle of the tunnel (16). - Suction plant according to any of the claims 6 or 7,
characterized in that the device (18) is placed vertically below the exhaust air duct opening (14) of the exhaust air duct (11). - Suction plant according to any of the claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that the device (18) for influencing an air flow is constituted symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel (16). - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 9,
characterized in that the exhaust air duct (11) is placed at a ceiling (12) of the tunnel (10). - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 10,
characterized in that the exhaust air duct (11) is placed above the tunnel (10) parallel to the axis and in the middle thereof or laterally offset. - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 11,
characterized in that the exhaust air duct (11) has an exhaust air opening to the environment. - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 12,
characterized in that the device (18) for influencing the air flow (20, 32) comprises an envelope (22) surrounding at least partially a stabilized twist flow (20) and guiding this twist flow (20). - Suction plant (100) according to claim 13,
characterized in that the envelope (22) has a feed opening (21) extending in axial direction with respect to the envelope (22) and several suction openings (24) which are connected with the exhaust duct opening (14). - Suction plant (100) according to claim 14,
characterized in that the suction openings (24) are placed tangentially or radially to the twist flow (20). - Suction plant (100) according to claim 14 or 15,
characterized in that each suction opening (24) has a tube (36) which extends into the envelope (22). - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 13 to 16,
characterized in that the envelope (22) is configured in form of a partial cylinder. - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 17,
characterized in that several separating aprons (16) spaced from each other in the tunnel longitudinal direction which divide the tunnel (10) vertically into individual segments are provided in an upper area, in particular in the upper third to quarter of the tunnel cross section. - Suction plant (100) according to claim 18,
characterized in that the separating apron extends at least to the lower edge (23) of the envelope tube (22). - Suction plant (100) according to any of the claims 6 to 19,
characterized in that a device for producing an air sink or a depression, in particular a fan, is provided in the exhaust air duct (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19941739 | 1999-09-02 | ||
| DE19941739 | 1999-09-02 | ||
| DE10009734A DE10009734A1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2000-03-02 | Process and extraction system for venting or smoke evacuation in a tunnel |
| DE10009734 | 2000-03-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1081331A1 EP1081331A1 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
| EP1081331B1 true EP1081331B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
Family
ID=26004597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00118829A Expired - Lifetime EP1081331B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2000-08-31 | Method and suction system for ventilation, i.e. smoke suction in tunnels |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1081331B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE273444T1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101340819B1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-12-11 | (주)비엔텍아이엔씨 | Tunnel having ecentric damper and inclined duct slab |
| DE102013012054A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-15 | Martin Kuhblank | Process and apparatus for fire fighting by smoke evacuation |
| EP2826953A2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-21 | Martin Kuhblank | Method and device for fighting fires by smoke extraction |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE50204692D1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2005-12-01 | Hiserv Gebaeudedienstleistunge | EXTRACTION DEVICE WITH FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. |
| DE10136097C2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-10-16 | Thyssenkrupp Hiserv Gmbh | Suction device for a tunnel |
| ATE302331T1 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2005-09-15 | Hiserv Gebaeudedienstleistunge | EXTRACTION DEVICE FOR A TUNNEL |
| DE10136098A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-03-06 | Thyssenkrupp Hiserv Gmbh | Suction device for a tunnel |
| DE10243224B3 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-04-22 | Thyssenkrupp Hiserv Gmbh | Method and detection system for increasing the traffic safety of vehicles on a measuring section having at least one lane |
| DE102004038595A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-03-16 | Ed. Züblin Ag | Tile-deck construction in tunnel construction and manufacturing method |
| CN103244165B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-05-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Collision-type respiratory zone air supply system |
| NO338760B1 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2016-10-17 | W Giertsen As | System and method for ventilation of mountain rooms, as well as a fan construction |
| CN108798743B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2023-11-17 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Smoke-preventing and ventilating system for emergency rescue station at railway tunnel portal |
| CN111720153B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-11-16 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Tunnel smoke exhaust system |
| CN112943339B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2023-03-21 | 清华大学 | Multi-ramp tunnel smoke discharge test system and test method |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1069658B (en) * | 1959-11-26 | J. M. Voith G.M.B.H., Heidenheim/Brenz | Ventilation arrangement for underground traffic tunnels | |
| FR679344A (en) * | 1928-12-08 | 1930-04-11 | Process for the ventilation of underground passages in which steam or electric trains run | |
| US2285387A (en) * | 1937-01-23 | 1942-06-09 | Bartholomai Alfred | Ventilating installation in tunnels |
| FR1376748A (en) * | 1963-09-20 | 1964-10-31 | Improvements to the ventilation of tunnels and underground railway stations | |
| CH433424A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | 1967-04-15 | Shb Installations Projekt Ag | Ventilation device in road tunnel |
| FR2253877A1 (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-07-04 | Sofrair | Pressure fed air ventilation for road tunnel - directs air tangentially down side wall from roof inlets |
| DE2520538A1 (en) * | 1975-05-06 | 1976-11-18 | Helm Axel Guenther Dr Rer Nat | Station air mover for air driven high speed underground railway - uses heat and cooling elements forming boundary layer as turbulent air curtain circuit |
| DE3117147A1 (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-18 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Road tunnel with forced ventilation |
| DE3608308C1 (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1987-01-08 | Turbo Lufttechnik Gmbh | Device for ventilation of a tunnel |
| DE69028818T2 (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1997-02-13 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Dust collection system in the tunnel |
| SE9001155D0 (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1990-03-29 | Soederhamn Architect Ab | DRIVING AND INSTALLATION FOR TREATMENT OF AIR IN THE AREA OF A TRAFFIC DRIVER FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
| AU3049897A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-22 | Vanco Dimitrov | System for absorption of the exhaust gases in a tunnel for road traffic |
-
2000
- 2000-08-31 AT AT00118829T patent/ATE273444T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-31 EP EP00118829A patent/EP1081331B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101340819B1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-12-11 | (주)비엔텍아이엔씨 | Tunnel having ecentric damper and inclined duct slab |
| DE102013012054A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-15 | Martin Kuhblank | Process and apparatus for fire fighting by smoke evacuation |
| EP2826953A2 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-21 | Martin Kuhblank | Method and device for fighting fires by smoke extraction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE273444T1 (en) | 2004-08-15 |
| EP1081331A1 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
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