EP1080254A1 - Procede pour eliminer une couche de substance dure appliquee sur une piece en metal dur et element de retenue pour au moins une piece - Google Patents

Procede pour eliminer une couche de substance dure appliquee sur une piece en metal dur et element de retenue pour au moins une piece

Info

Publication number
EP1080254A1
EP1080254A1 EP98913496A EP98913496A EP1080254A1 EP 1080254 A1 EP1080254 A1 EP 1080254A1 EP 98913496 A EP98913496 A EP 98913496A EP 98913496 A EP98913496 A EP 98913496A EP 1080254 A1 EP1080254 A1 EP 1080254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
stripping
holder
electrolyte
hard material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98913496A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1080254B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OC Oerlikon Balzers AG
Original Assignee
Unaxis Balzers AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unaxis Balzers AG filed Critical Unaxis Balzers AG
Priority to EP03008385A priority Critical patent/EP1362934B1/fr
Publication of EP1080254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1080254A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1080254B1 publication Critical patent/EP1080254B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F5/00—Electrolytic stripping of metallic layers or coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for stripping a hard material layer applied to a hard metal workpiece, in which the stripping is carried out by electrolytic passivation. It further relates, according to the preamble of claim 10, to a method for reprocessing a hard metal workpiece with the aid of the above-mentioned decoating process and, according to the preamble of claim 11, to a holder.
  • tungsten carbide workpieces are expensive, particularly in the case of complex shaping, for example in accordance with the above-mentioned tools, attempts are made to rescue the workpiece if it is incorrectly coated or, in particular, if the workpiece has been worn out by use, to recondition it and use it again - layers.
  • Electrolytes Due to the transformation of the tungsten carbide into tungsten oxide, the hard material layer loses its adhesion to the base body and peels off.
  • the stripping conditions to be selected are extremely critical. If parameters are selected incorrectly, the layer will either not be removed or the workpiece will be irreparably damaged.
  • the prior art is also the recoating of tools without prior decoating.
  • the tools preferably shank tools made of hard metal, such as milling cutters, drills and
  • coated tool leads.
  • the residual stresses often lead to chipping in the area of the transition from the coated to the uncoated part when regrinding a coated tool and reduce the performance of the tool.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the disadvantages of the prior art and to implement a more economical stripping process. This is achieved in accordance with the characteristics of claim 1 that at the beginning of the stripping on the workpiece a current density maximum is created which is at least 0.01 A / cm 2 , preferably even 0.1 A / cm 2 . This solves the problems mentioned above and at least almost the service life of new workpieces or tools is achieved.
  • the method proposed according to the invention is suitable for stripping all commonly used conductive hard material layers, for example hard material layers made of nitrates, carbides, carbonitrides of metals or metal compounds, such as TiAlN, TiAINC, WC, WCN etc., but also of chromium-containing hard material layers such as Cr, CrN, CrC, CrNC as well as combinations of these hard material layers or also multilayer arrangements.
  • conductive hard material layers for example hard material layers made of nitrates, carbides, carbonitrides of metals or metal compounds, such as TiAlN, TiAINC, WC, WCN etc.
  • chromium-containing hard material layers such as Cr, CrN, CrC, CrNC as well as combinations of these hard material layers or also multilayer arrangements.
  • the choice of the electrolyte does not play an important role, provided that it is in the acidic range and its conductivity, coupled with the applied voltage, allows the aforementioned current condition to be met.
  • the workpiece is quickly brought to an electrical potential at which the tungsten of the hard metal is brought into a passive state.
  • a voltage is applied to the workpiece which is at least 1 V, preferably at least 6 V, particularly preferably at least 15 V, wherein this applied voltage is preferably kept constant over the treatment time, for example regulated, and in any case so dimensioned that the condition mentioned at the outset is maintained as a function of the conductivity of the selected electrolyte.
  • the voltage is preferably applied directly without a ramp.
  • An acidic medium is preferably selected as the electrolyte, which preferably has a pH in the range from 1 to 7, particularly preferably in the range from 2 to 5.
  • a highly cost-effective electrolyte solution which is advantageous in terms of environment and safety comprises acetic acid and preferably consists of Acetic acid and at least one conductive salt, preferably a nitrate salt.
  • the process according to the invention results in stripping times which are in any case shorter than 1 hour, preferably less than 15 minutes, particularly preferably less than 5 minutes and even less than 1 minute. It is an essential feature of the present invention that the delamination takes place quickly. This technical knowledge - minimization of carbide impairment - is clearly in line with the need for economy. While in the prior art using a peroxide solution for the detachment of layers on steel workpieces, times of more than 1 hour are necessary - if even better results are to be achieved, often times of more than 10 hours are used - lead to the proposed one The procedure according to the invention already leads to the extremely short times mentioned to be a success, which also minimizes a subsequent, ablative and thus dimensionally changing treatment. - 7 -
  • the choice of a suitable supply device must also be made specifically so that it can also provide the sufficient overall current density.
  • the supply device is preferably operated in a voltage-stabilized manner, which ensures that the minimum prescribed initial current value is reached quickly.
  • the stripping can take place over the entire surface or only partially, depending on the application
  • the method according to the invention is furthermore not critical with regard to the operating temperature of the electrolyte bath. For reasons of economy, it is therefore readily possible to remove the stripping in a preferred manner at ambient temperature, i.e. normally at approx. 20 ° C.
  • the workpiece itself can only be determined to a limited extent.
  • wear marks on surfaces, such as secondary cutting surfaces, which have not been removed by the mechanical postprocessing which is only minimally necessary according to the invention.
  • wear marks will mostly still remain recognizable, despite the newly applied hard material layer.
  • a basic distinguishing feature for all mechanically reworked, such as ground, polished or micro-blasted hard metal tools can be reflected in the change in the appearance of the workpiece, but this distinguishing feature is minimized precisely by the procedure according to the invention, but thereby also the dimensional accuracy of the workpieces Revision increased.
  • the remaining passivation layer is removed, according to the invention only as thick as is necessary for the hard material layer to flake off quickly, a matt appearance of the base body surface results, for example, through the use of micro-rays.
  • Shank tools can have pressure or scraping points on the uncoated shaft, originating from the chuck. Cutting edge breakouts or at least - newly coated - chipping are often still visible. Compared to the new length or the usual standard length, a reduction in the tool length can usually be seen. This is especially true if the tools have been overhauled and reworked several times. This can also be seen in a length distribution within the same tool - 9 -
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out on workpieces with at least a first surface area, to which the hard material layer is applied or at least was applied, and a second surface area, to which no hard metal layer was applied, in such a way that the workpiece is exclusively on the first-mentioned surface area comes into contact with the electrolyte.
  • the passivation used according to the invention can be impaired during the electrolysis. To immerse such tools, they are held on the shank with pliers or other clamping devices and only immersed as far as they are coated.
  • the holder provided is electrically connected to the anode. Except for cases in which at least parts of the holder that are intended to come into contact with the electrolyte are made of special materials, as described below. - 10 -
  • indexable inserts For example, for the stripping of indexable inserts, they are clamped on holder parts made of the materials mentioned or placed on a grid made of the above materials. The tools are immersed for the electrolysis together with the mentioned parts of the holder in the electrolyte.
  • the inner surface is namely free of hard material layers, while the outer surface, the working surface, is hard material coated.
  • a holder according to the invention for at least one workpiece is proposed, with encapsulation for the further surface area of the workpiece that is free of hard material layers.
  • an electrical potential is to be applied to the workpiece during the workpiece treatment with the holder mentioned, this is preferably done via at least one electrical contact for the further surface area of the workpiece in the encapsulation mentioned.
  • a bag recess or a passage opening, such as a through-hole sealing elements are provided on the holder, which the Separate the inner surface from the outer surface of the workpiece.
  • the holder has a pair of sealing elements on the end face around the opening, which are arranged axially offset along a support rod, the section between the sealing elements is dimensioned for passage through the passage opening.
  • the sealing members can be axially displaced relative to one another in order to be braced against the workpiece faces.
  • an electrical contact arrangement is preferably provided on the rod section provided between the sealing members, with the electrical feed to the contact arrangement preferably being guided through the rod.
  • a clamping body which can be expanded or contracted radially with respect to the rod axis by axial clamping, is provided on the rod section located between the sealing members, on the periphery of which the contact elements are provided.
  • a clamping body which can be expanded or contracted radially with respect to the rod axis by axial clamping, is provided on the rod section located between the sealing members, on the periphery of which the contact elements are provided.
  • Clamping elements are provided for the clamping body in order to clamp the contact elements against the workpiece by clamping the clamping body. This makes it possible to make optimal electrical contact with the workpiece in a wide range, regardless of the diameter of the passage opening.
  • bracket in the last-mentioned embodiment that the bracket sections on the outside on both sides of the sealing members have an outer surface made of a plastic, preferably made of Teflon.
  • the holder according to the invention is particularly suitable for the workpiece holder when carrying out the method according to the invention mentioned at the beginning.
  • This method is particularly suitable for the stripping of shaft tools, such as drills or end mills, and for the stripping of indexable inserts, forming tools, embossing tools, etc., especially hob cutters.
  • the holder according to the invention is particularly suitable for workpieces with a through opening, and in connection with the method according to the invention in particular for the hob cutters mentioned.
  • 60 carbide inserts which were coated with a 4 ⁇ m thick TiN layer, were anodized in an electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte consisted of 2 mol / 1 acetic acid and 2 mol / 1 ammonium nitrate, with a pH at approx. 2.5 and an operating temperature of approx. 20 ° C. After switching on the supply, the electrolysis current rose rapidly to approx. 50 A, with the voltage kept constant at 10 V. After reaching a current maximum at the aforementioned 50 A, the current fell - 14 -
  • the electrolysis current maximum of 50 A was reached immediately after the supply was switched on and resulted in a clear current maximum corresponding to a current density maximum on the workpiece surface at the beginning of the stripping process.
  • the indexable inserts had a size of 30 x 30 x 5 mm, which results in a surface of 24 cm 2 per insert or a total surface area of 1,440 cm 2 .
  • the maximum electrolysis current of 50 A thus resulted in a maximum current density on the workpieces set at the beginning of the stripping process of 0.035 A / cm 2 .
  • carbide drills and carbide cutters were decoated under the electrolysis conditions mentioned above.
  • the tools were coated with titanium carbon nitride or titanium aluminum nitride by means of PVD-deposited hard material layers. The layer thickness was 3 ⁇ m. With a maximum initial current density of at least 0.01 A / cm 2 stripping surface, the drills or milling cutters were stripped within a minute. The tools were then removed - 15 -
  • care was taken to ensure that only the hard material-coated work surfaces of the milling cutters were contacted with the electrolyte.
  • an initial maximum current density of 0.02 A / cm 2 was removed from the hob within 3 minutes.
  • an initial maximum current was obtained, corresponding to the required maximum current density, from 25 A per milling cutter treated at the same time, which dropped from 3 minutes to less than 4 A per hob in the period mentioned.
  • a hob in the ammonium nitrate-acetic acid electrolyte was stripped within 3 minutes with the application of a voltage of 15 V, an initial current of approximately 300 A and a passive current of approximately 50 A.
  • Shank tools namely drills or milling cutters, were decoated in ammonium nitrate-acetic acid electrolyte in one minute at a voltage of 15 V, an initial current of approximately 10 A and a passive current of approximately 1 A.
  • acetic acid-ammonium nitrate electrolytes used in the examples, other electrolyte compositions which lead to the passivation of the hard metal can also be used.
  • a sodium nitrate acetic acid, cerammonium nitrate acetic acid, cerammonium nitrate nitric acid or cerammonium nitrate perchloric acid electrolyte can be used.
  • a clamping body 3 with a threaded blind bore 5 is screwed into a metal tube 1 at the end.
  • a counter clamping block 7 is mounted along the tube 1 so that it is noticeable.
  • Sealing elements 9 7 and 9 3 are provided on the facing end faces 7 U and 30 of the two parts 3 and 7.
  • a workpiece 11 to be held, in the form of a hob, is shown in dashed lines in the figure. As can be seen, the workpiece 11 is clamped between the end faces 7 U and 3 0 of the parts 7 and 3.
  • the sealing elements for example 0- - 17 -
  • Rings 9 7 and 9 3 seal against the end faces of the workpiece 11 in the area of the passage opening II Q. This results in an encapsulation of the uncoated workpiece inner surface lli relative to its outer face coated ll a, which is now the latter a processing means of an electrolyte B can be exposed, without this the encapsulated inner surface lli would be impaired.
  • the electrical contacting of the workpiece 11 takes place on the inner surface III thereof via an electrical contact arrangement 13, the electrical connection for a feed device (not shown), as shown with E e , being made via the metallic tube 1 outside the electrolyte.
  • the electrical contact arrangement 13 on the periphery of a resilient, for example rubber-elastic, actively tensioned clamping body 5 can now - as shown in the embodiment according to the figure be applied, which rests rather on a shoulder 17 on the tube 1.
  • the clamping body 15 is firmly connected to the body 7, both ride axially slidably on the tube 1.
  • an actuator 19 such as an adjusting nut on a threaded end portion of the tube 1, the clamping body 15 can actively axially - 18 -
  • the workpiece 11 is assembled here as follows:
  • the clamping body 3 is removed from the tube 1.
  • the workpiece is then placed over the clamping body 15 in abutment with the seals 9 7 and then an optimal electrical contact to the inner surface III of the workpiece 11 is created by tightening the set screw 19 and expanding the clamping body 15 as part of its inherent elasticity.
  • the body 3 is placed and between the seals 9 7 and 9 3 braced by its screwing in the workpiece 11, whereby both the inner surface lli ⁇ is the workpiece against the environment U, in particular with the electrolyte B encap-, since, and further an optimum electrical contact is made largely independent of tolerance.
  • the resiliently designed clamping body 15 rides fixedly on the tube 1, and the electrical contact with the inner surface of the workpiece takes place by resilient application when the clamping body 15 is inserted into the opening of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece 11 is over tube 1 with its resilient clamping provided - 19 -
  • Those parts which come into contact with the electrolyte U for the outer surface 11 a of the workpiece, that is to say in particular with the electrolyte bath B in preferred use in connection with the electrolytic stripping process according to the invention, are created from materials which neither impair the intended treatment nor by the intended treatment itself.
  • the clamping body 3 and at least the parts of the counter-clamping body 7 facing it, preferably its entire surface, are made of a plastic, preferably of Teflon.
  • the radial adjustability of the contact arrangements 15 is dispensed with.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

Une couche de substance dure appliquée sur une pièce en métal dur est éliminée par passivation électrolytique. Selon ce procédé, au début du processus d'élimination, une densité de courant maximale est produite au niveau de la pièce, de l'ordre d'au moins 0,01 A/cm2. Il en résulte un effritement rapide de la couche de substance dure, sans altération sensible du matériau en métal dur qui se trouve dessous.
EP98913496A 1998-04-21 1998-04-21 Procede pour eliminer une couche de substance dure appliquee sur une piece en metal dur Expired - Lifetime EP1080254B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03008385A EP1362934B1 (fr) 1998-04-21 1998-04-21 Élément de retenue pour au moins une pièce

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1998/000152 WO1999054528A1 (fr) 1998-04-21 1998-04-21 Procede pour eliminer une couche de substance dure appliquee sur une piece en metal dur et element de retenue pour au moins une piece

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03008385A Division EP1362934B1 (fr) 1998-04-21 1998-04-21 Élément de retenue pour au moins une pièce

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1080254A1 true EP1080254A1 (fr) 2001-03-07
EP1080254B1 EP1080254B1 (fr) 2003-07-02

Family

ID=4551320

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98913496A Expired - Lifetime EP1080254B1 (fr) 1998-04-21 1998-04-21 Procede pour eliminer une couche de substance dure appliquee sur une piece en metal dur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1080254B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4434489B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU6818898A (fr)
DE (1) DE59808931D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999054528A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010046372A1 (de) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Verfahren zum Entschichten von Werkstücken

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7077918B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2006-07-18 Unaxis Balzers Ltd. Stripping apparatus and method for removal of coatings on metal surfaces
US8361290B2 (en) 2006-09-05 2013-01-29 Oerlikon Trading, Ag, Trubbach Coating removal installation and method of operating it
DE202014010831U1 (de) 2014-03-18 2016-11-23 Platit Ag Halterung zum Entschichten von keramischen Hartstoffschichten von Stahl- und Hartmetall-Substraten
KR20170004970A (ko) * 2014-03-18 2017-01-11 플라티트 아게 스틸과 초경합금 기판에서 세라믹 하드 물질층의 디코팅 방법
RU2721337C1 (ru) * 2019-02-18 2020-05-19 ООО "ТехноТерм-Саратов" Способ электрохимического удаления покрытия

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5062941A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-11-05 Union Carbide Coatings Service Technology Corporation Electrolytic process for stripping a metal coating from a titanium based metal substrate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9954528A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010046372A1 (de) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Verfahren zum Entschichten von Werkstücken

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4434489B2 (ja) 2010-03-17
WO1999054528A1 (fr) 1999-10-28
EP1080254B1 (fr) 2003-07-02
AU6818898A (en) 1999-11-08
DE59808931D1 (de) 2003-08-07
JP2002512309A (ja) 2002-04-23

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