EP1070146A1

EP1070146A1 - Method for withdrawing slag from a combustion chamber and device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: EP1070146A1
Application number: EP99917869A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Kümmel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-02-09
Filing date: 1999-03-26
Publication date: 2001-01-24
Also published as: WO2000047779A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for withdrawing slag from a combustion chamber or combustion space in an especially efficient and inexpensive manner. According to said method the slag drips in liquid form onto a vibrating, cooled grid which is covered with a slag layer on the basis of crushed and cooled recycled slag. By choosing an appropriate inclination and vibrating frequency for the grid the cooled slag of the slag layer is fed to a slag crusher via a slag delivery hole, crushed and mixed and via a slag retaining chamber and a slag conveying device, which are suitably cooled, returned to the grid. The grid is provided with nozzles or slits through which cooling air or a cooled recirculation gas is injected into the slag layer.

Description

Process for removing slag from a combustion chamber and device for carrying out the process

The invention relates to a method for removing slag from a combustion chamber or a combustion chamber according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 9.

In order to remove solid combustion residues in the form of ashes and slags, hereinafter referred to simply as slags, from a combustion chamber with a liquid slag accumulation, it is known to introduce the liquid slag into a water bath. Mechanical systems are installed in water bath containers, which are referred to as wet detoxifiers, which move the slags to be cooled, crush them and convey them from the water bath into appropriate slag containers.

According to a further known method, the slags are dropped and frozen in correspondingly large slag trap spaces, which are generally arranged below a furnace. After the maximum filling mark has been reached, the system must be shut down in order to be able to remove the cooled slag from the slag area by mining.

Disadvantages of the known methods are the consumption of cooling water for cooling the ash. In addition, the wet purify the water continuously enriched with fine dust. The resulting sludge must be replaced by unused cooling water, and depending on the contamination, the sludge can often only be disposed of in special systems.

In addition, the slag companions or flue gases on top can be toxic or corrosive. The cooling water accumulates with these toxic or corrosive gas companions, and the detoxification systems are usually relatively complicated, difficult to handle and involve a relatively high investment in order to achieve the required corrosion resistance. The partially toxic salts contained in saline slags, e.g. from the thermal treatment of salt solutions, bases or bases are dissolved in the slag cooling water. The solution must then be evaporated with a relatively high expenditure of energy in order to recover the water-soluble constituents.

Another disadvantage is that vapors rising in the wet slag remover via a slag outlet into a combustion chamber, e.g. get into a blasting chamber of a steam boiler system and there lead to contamination, especially of the downstream heat exchanger surfaces. In the case of slag collecting rooms, it is necessary to shut down the system for slag removal. In the case of toxic slags, a risk to personnel during the slag removal cannot be excluded.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus which ensure an extremely efficient and reliable and with a particularly low design effort trouble-free removal of slag from a combustion chamber or a combustion chamber. In terms of method, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in terms of the device by the features of claim 9. Appropriate and advantageous embodiments are features of the subclaims and set out and explained in the description of the figures.

A basic idea of the method according to the invention is to allow liquid slag accumulating in a combustion chamber or a combustion chamber to drip onto a migrating slag layer made of recirculated slag, which expediently has a corresponding layer thickness. The migrating slag layer composed of, in particular, comminuted slag particles is cooled and transported to a slag discharge, the liquid slags dripping onto this slag layer cooling, solidly and being comminuted at the same time.

For the cooling of the slag, the dwell time of the recirculated and the liquid slag to be cooled on the grate and, consequently, the transport route of the grate is of particular importance. It is particularly advantageous that the slag is cooled both by heat radiation, heat conduction and convection, so that the required cooling of the liquid slag parts is ensured below the slag melting point.

A migrating slag layer designed as a cooling bed, which consists of cold, crushed and recirculated slags, is particularly advantageous. A continuous, free discharge of the cooled slags is then guaranteed. When the slag is dripped onto the cooled, comminuted, sometimes angular slag particles of the slag layer, the physical processes described below are important. The slag drops are crushed by the impact on the migrating slag layer consisting of comminuted, angular slag portions and in particular deformed to form flat cakes. The dripped, crushed slag parts or slag patties have a larger surface, which cools down faster. The slag cakes are cooled by heat radiation from the slag surface facing the combustion chamber on the cold or cooled surfaces of the combustion chamber and at the same time by heat conduction on the lower surface of the still liquid slag facing the cold slag support.

It is also advantageous that the slag layer is permeable to gas or air and thus can be additionally cooled by convection by means of air or recirculation gases - similar to a fire grate.

The slag dripping onto the cold, migrating slag layer cools down to a slag discharge opening at different speeds and to different extents. The resulting thermal stresses cause a further self-comminution of the partially amorphous, cooling slag particles, which is supported by the transport movement.

The recirculation of the slags comprises at least comminution of the slags after a slag discharge, conveying and placing them on the grate, which is expediently designed as a coolable shaking grate. On the slag layer made of recirculated, shredded slag the liquid slag can drip on again, migrate with the slag layer until the ash is discharged, be cooled and additionally crushed. The cooled, crushed slag is at least partially recirculated. Another part can be removed from the slag cycle, in particular with the aid of a connection in a slag storage space.

The device according to the invention for carrying out the method has, as a grate, an oscillating bottom or shaking grate, a drive attached to the grate, e.g. a flywheel drive, a slag outlet opening, a slag crusher, for example a slag crusher, a slag holding container or storage space with at least one slag discharge, and a slag conveying system and a slag feed for the grate, which is expediently provided with a feed device, for example a filling funnel.

The vibrating base or shaking grate preferably consists of a boiling water-cooled construction, which enables the slag to be cooled and any liquid slag to penetrate through the cold slag layer and base without damage. Boiling water cooling also enables the grate construction above the smoke dew points to be operated without corrosion.

The arrangement according to the invention of a vibrating floor or shaking grate and the slag recirculation enable advantageous slag cooling and, in particular, continuous, dry, ie cooled, slag discharge. The proportion of the slag or Depending on the size of the slag and the thermal conductivity of the slag, the amount of slag returned by the slag determines the mass to which the heat of fusion of the dripping slag is released by conduction and convection.

It is advantageous to regulate the height of the slag layer on the grate, which can be set as a function of the liquid slag drop or slag pate size to be expected from the plant.

Another advantage is that the grating tendency and oscillation frequency of the grate can be adjusted to adjust the traveling speed of the slag layer and the slag patties to be dripped on and cooled depending on the amount of liquid slag and its physical properties.

It is also advantageous to have an adjustable oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude of the grate, which enable mechanical classification of the shredded, cooled slag parts on the shaking grate or oscillating floor. The larger parts of the slag float due to the rust vibration, with the positive effect that the slag cakes on the larger, cold parts of the slag are broken or e.g. contains numerous notches due to the inhomogeneous slag underlayer and the slag cooling is more intensive due to the enlarged surface.

Due to the classification effect, the grate surface is largely sealed and evenly covered with downward graded fine fractions of the recirculated slag. A possible dripping through of the liquid slag ends at the latest on this fine layer, since dripping slag parts do not adhere to the surface of the shaking grate. Another advantage is that the Schwingbzw. Vibration movement on the grate the heat transfer of the

Heat of slag on the cooled grate and heat conduction within the layer of slag lying on top is intensified.

If additional cooling fins, in particular in the longitudinal direction, are applied to the vibrating base or shaking grate, the grate cooling capacity can be increased further. An oscillating floor can advantageously also be converted into a shaking grate by installing slots or nozzles. Cooling air or recirculation gases can be fed through the slots from the system, which further improve the cooling in the slag resting on the grate.

The slag cooled on the vibrating floor or shaking grate flows via a slag outlet of the boiler system through a shredder, in particular a slag crusher, into a slag storage space. It is advantageous that the dimensions of the slag storage space and by means of built-in cooling, e.g. through cooling coils in this storage space, the desired slag cooling can be additionally guaranteed.

The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing; in this show in a highly schematic representation

1 shows a cross section of a device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a section of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1; Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section along line CC in Fig. 2 in the area of the grate and

Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section along line C-C in Fig. 2 in the region of an alternatively designed grate.

In Fig. 1 and in detail in Fig. 2, a water tube boiler 1 with membrane tube walls 2, a feed water preheater 3, an evaporator 4, an evaporation drum 5, downpipes 6, riser or overflow pipes 7 and a combustion or jet chamber 11 is shown.

From a combustion chamber 8 with a burner 9 and combustion air supply 10, liquid slag 26 drips through the combustion chamber 11 onto a combustion chamber floor 20. The combustion chamber floor 20 is designed as a grate 32 and in this exemplary embodiment as a shaking grate. The grate 32 consists essentially of a grate surface 12, which is boiled with water, a substructure 13 and movable oscillating plates 14 (see also FIGS. 3 and 4). A horizontal, oscillating or vibrating movement of the grate 32 takes place with the aid of a drive 15, for example with an infinitely adjustable flywheel drive.

On the grate surface 12 there is a slag layer 35 which consists of dry, recirculated slag 25 and the slag 26 to be cooled and dripped on. The slag layer 35 is fed via a slag outlet opening 16 to a slag crusher 17, for example a slag crusher, and passes through a Slag diverter 18 with a connection 39 for the partial removal of slag from the circulatory system. A slag accumulation 19 after the slag crusher 17 can be provided with cooling surfaces or cooling coils 30. The comminuted slags 25, 26 pass via a slag discharge device 21 into a slag conveying line 22, which can be provided with a cooling jacket 31. The slag 25, 26 is fed to the grate 12 for the purpose of forming the cooled, recirculated slag layer 35 via a slag feed device 23, which can be designed as a filling funnel. A layer height divider 24 or regulator for adjusting a height H of the slag layer 35 on the grate 12 is arranged between the slag feed device 23 and the combustion chamber 11 with grate 12 (see FIG. 2).

Movable vibrating plates 14 below the substructure 13 of the grate 32 form grate zones R1, R2 and R3 for the supply and distribution of cooling air or recirculation gases under the grate 32. The supply of the cooling air or the recirculation gases into the grate zones R1 to R3 takes place with the aid of a Blower 27 via lines 28 with built-in trim tabs 33. The trim tabs 33 allow the amount of cooling air or cooling gas to be trimmed such that, for example Depending on the physical parameters and the nature of the slag, the slag pre-cooling in the rust zone R1 is increased or the slag after-cooling is intensified in the rust zones R2 or R3.

The cooling capacity of the grate 32 can also be increased by an appropriate configuration of the grate 32, for example by an extension of the grate 32 in the area L behind the last slag opening S. With a corresponding angle of inclination α and in connection with the Frequency of the grate 32, the amount of slag fed to the recirculation can be set as a function of the physical parameters of the slag 25, 26.

The grate surface 12 is provided with slots or nozzles 29 through which cooling air and / or cooling gases, e.g. Recirculation gases, evenly distributed and fed to the slag layer 35 to be cooled.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show sections of a grate 32 designed as a shaking grate with an overlying slag layer 35 made of recirculated slag 25.

The grate 32 according to FIG. 3 has a coolable grate surface 12 made of a gas-tight welded tube-web-tube construction. The cooling air flows into the slag layer 35 via slots or nozzles 29, which are each formed between the cooling tubes 34 in the region of webs 36, so that the recirculated slag 25 and the liquid slag 26 dripped on in a pancake are cooled.

Fig. 4 shows as grate surface 12 a plate welded together from square tubes 38. Slots or nozzles 29 for introducing cooling air or recirculation gases into the overlying slag layer 35 are formed between the square tubes 38.

The variants of the grate 32 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 enable an advantageous adaptation to the physical parameters of the slags 25, 26 in terms of quantity, temperature, viscosity, specific heat, adhesive behavior, etc. The cooling effect of the grate 32 or grate surface 12 can be further increased by welding on cooling fins (not shown) with the same surface geometry.

It is also possible to use other grate systems, for example feed grates, roller grates or traveling grates, instead of a vibrating floor or shaking grate if cooling and / or transporting the slag layer 35 to the slag outlet opening 16 is ensured and heat exchange in the slag layer 35 and self-comminution of the dripped slags 26 are guaranteed.

The method and the device can advantageously be used in incineration plants with outputs in the range from 1 to 50 MW.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method for removing slag from a combustion chamber (11) or a combustion chamber (8), in which slag (26) is fed to a combustion chamber floor (20), characterized in that a grate (32) is used as the combustion chamber floor (20), subjected to an almost horizontal, oscillating or virbrating movement and coated with a slag layer (35) made of recirculated, dry slag (25), and that the slag (26) from the combustion chamber (11) or the combustion chamber (8) is liquid the slag layer (35) is dripped on, cooled to below the slag melting temperature and discharged and at least partially returned to the grate (32) as recirculated slag (25) to form the slag layer (35).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag (26) crushed when dropped onto the slag layer (35) and continuously discharged with the slag layer (35), then crushed in a slag shredder (17) and to a slag feed device (23) of the grate (32) is promoted.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slag layer (35) of recirculated slag (25) and liquid dropping slag (26) is cooled with the aid of cooling air or cooled recirculation gases.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized g e k e n e z e i c h n e t that the slag shredder (17) fed slags (25, 26) are crushed and mixed intensively and at least partially fed to a downstream slag storage space (19).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slags (25, 26) are cooled during the circulation and, after a heat exchange-specific residence time, are continuously added to the grate (32) to form the slag layer (35).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residence time of the recirculated slag (25) and the dripping liquid slag (26) on the grate (32) is regulated depending on the amount and nature of the slag.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height H of the slag layer (35) is adjusted and regulated in particular as a function of the size of the liquid and patted drops of slag.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traveling speed of the slag layer (35) is set as a function of an inclination α and the oscillation frequency of the grate (32).

9. Device for removing slag from a combustion chamber (11) or a combustion chamber (8), with a combustion chamber floor (20) and a slag discharge opening (16), in particular for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber floor (20) is designed as a grate (32) such that the grate (32) is designed for covering with a slag layer (35) made of comminuted, recirculated slag (25) and for cooling slag (26) dripping on liquid, so that the combustion chamber ( 11) is connected via the slag discharge opening (16) for the slags (25, 26) of the slag layer (35) to a slag crusher (17) that a slag storage space (19) for feeding the slag (25) comminuted in the slag crusher (17) , 26) is provided and that a slag delivery line (22) connects the slag storage space (19) to the grate (32) of the combustion chamber (20) for the circulation of the slags (25, 26) t.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the grate (32) is designed as a vibrating or vibrating grate, in particular as a shaking grate or vibrating base.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a slag crusher is arranged as a slag crusher (17), which mixes the slags (25, 26) in a refractive and comminuting manner.

12. The device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the slag storage space (19) is provided with a slag separator (18) and a connection (39) for partial slag removal from the circulatory system.

13. The device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the slag storage space (19) is provided with cooling surfaces or cooling coils (30).

14. Device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that a slag discharge device (21) between the slag storage space (19) and the slag conveyor line (22) is arranged and that the slag discharge device (21) and / or the slag conveyor line (22) are provided with a cooling jacket (31).

15. The device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the grate (32) has a grate surface (12), a substructure (13) and oscillating plates (14) which are connected to a drive (15). ---.

- 16 -

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the grate surface (12) has cooling tubes (34) which are connected to one another via webs (36) and that the cooling tubes (34) with downpipes (6) and riser tubes (7) of a water tube boiler (1) are connected.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the grate surface (12) has square tubes (38) and slots or nozzles (29) for supplying cooling air or cooled recirculation gas.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the grating surface (12) consisting of cooling tubes (34) and webs (36) is provided in the region of the webs (36) with nozzles and slots (29).

19. Device according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that the grate surface (12) is inclined by an angle α and that the angle of an inclination of at least 3 and at most half the value of the Schut - angle ice of the recirculated slag (25) corresponds.

20. Device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that a slag application device (23) is provided for the task of the recirculated slag (25) on the grate (32) and that between the grate (32) and the slag application device (23) a layer height adjuster (24) is arranged.

21. Device according to one of claims 9 to 20, characterized in that the grate (32) has a traveling length L, which at least the distance between a front and rear slag drip edge S, seen in the traveling direction of the slag layer (35), and a maximum of half Length L of the grate (32) corresponds.

22. The device according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the slots or nozzles (29) of the grate surface (12) with lines (28) for supplying cooling air or cooled recirculation gas in locking zones Rl, R2 formed by oscillating plates (14) and R3 and in the slag layer (35) are connected.

23. Device according to one of the claims characterized in that the cooling surface or cooling tubes (30) of the slag storage space (19) are designed as internal and / or jacket cooling.

24. Device according to one of the claims, characterized in that the grate (32) is a feed grate, a traveling grate or a roller grate.