EP1069986A1 - Procede de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue

Info

Publication number
EP1069986A1
EP1069986A1 EP99933291A EP99933291A EP1069986A1 EP 1069986 A1 EP1069986 A1 EP 1069986A1 EP 99933291 A EP99933291 A EP 99933291A EP 99933291 A EP99933291 A EP 99933291A EP 1069986 A1 EP1069986 A1 EP 1069986A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibrous structure
fibres
partial
partial fibrous
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99933291A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hendricus Gerardus Hilders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ADPROTECH BV
Original Assignee
ADPROTECH BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ADPROTECH BV filed Critical ADPROTECH BV
Publication of EP1069986A1 publication Critical patent/EP1069986A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a web-like fibrous structure, by building this structure up from a plurality of mutually adjoining layers of fibres, each layer comprising a large number of fibres which are arranged parallel to one another and are at substantially equal distances from one another, and the directions of the fibres of the various layers forming predetermined angles with one another, so that the fibres intersect one another, while the various layers are joined together at the loca- tions of intersections of the fibres by means of joining fibres .
  • a method of this nature is generally known and is used to produce fibrous structure materials which exhibit sufficient cohesion for it to be possible to handle and use them as reinforcement material for thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers.
  • connection between the various layers of the fibrous structure is obtained by joining together the fibres of the various layers at the location of the intersections of the fibres, by means of joining fibres.
  • a material of this nature is used, for example, to produce, inter alia, covering material for aircraft, to which end the fibrous structure is impregnated with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, after which, as a result of solidification or curing, a strong material which is easy to handle and is eminently suitable for the above purpose is obtained.
  • a drawback of a known fibrous structure of this nature when employed as reinforcement material for, for example, material for the internal lining of aircraft is that, in view of current requirements, the material does not yet impart sufficient strength to covering materials of this nature. Owing to the nature of the types of machine used, it is not easy to increase the number of layers, and moreover the results in tests have shown that this does not result in an improvement which outweighs the complication of producing materials with large numbers of layers, for example more than four layers .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type indicated which makes it possible, as desired, to produce a web-like fibrous structure which is composed of more layers than has hitherto been customary, i.e. of more than four layers, which method can be carried out on existing equipment and provides a material with considerably improved properties.
  • the method of the type indicated is characterized in that, in a first step, a first partial fibrous structure is produced, with a structure as indicated above, using first joining fibres and, in a second step, in a similar way, a second partial fibrous structure is formed bearing against the first partial fibrous structure using second joining fibres which also join together the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure, and the first and second partial fibrous structures bear against one another in a bearing plane.
  • the web-like fibrous structure obtained using the method according to the invention can, by means of this method, be produced in a greater thickness than has hitherto been customary, specifically by, in a second operation, using the same machine which has been used for a previously formed partial fibrous structure to form a second partial fibrous structure which, on the basis of the method, is joined to the first partial fibrous structure with the aid of second joining fibres.
  • the material which is obtained without particular problems using conventional devices, provides excellent strength, imparting a quasi- isotropic characteristic to the material.
  • a fibre-reinforced plastic material of this nature exhibits substantially the same tensile strength in virtually all directions in the horizontal plane, while the strength in the vertical direction, perpendicular to the surface of a fibre-reinforced plastic material of this nature, is considerably increased by the enlarged number of fibrous layers, an effect which is contributed to considerably by the numerous joins by means of the joining fibres at the locations of the intersections of the fibres.
  • first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure are positioned in such a manner with respect to one another that the intersections of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure, in perpendicular projection onto the bearing plane between them, coincide.
  • a highly attractive embodiment of the method accor- ding to the invention involves arranging the layers of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure mirror-symmetrically with respect to the bearing plane. This is because it has been found that this mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the layers with respect to the common bearing plane between the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure results in a symmetrical formation which, when the complete web-like fibrous structure is used to reinforce plastics, leads to extremely good results.
  • the increased thickness with fibres in many directions firstly creates a substantially isotropic characteristic in the reinforced plastic material in the plane of a reinforced plastic material of this nature which is made in panel form.
  • the symmetry around the bearing plane in addition to providing an extremely high strength in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a material of this nature, also results in a very good absorption of forces in the plane of a reinforced plastic material of this nature, in all directions.
  • the presence of a large number of joining elements in the form of joining fibres at the location of the intersections of the fibres of the two partial fibrous struc- tures furthermore produces a high resistance to delamination, and in particular to delamination in the event of a considerable increase in temperature, such as in the event of fire.
  • the FAA Federal Aviation Administration
  • the FAA provides regulations for withstanding tests under kerosene fires. A flame at a temperature of ⁇ 1000°C is formed; the barrier action of a material which is being tested must be at least 5 minutes .
  • the material according to the invention which comprises two coupled-together partial fibrous structures withstands a test of this nature without problems.
  • Improvement 1 results from the bundles of fibres being arranged at a number of different angles.
  • Improvements 2 and 3 result from the presence of the stitch joins which are formed with the aid of second joining fibres. This arrangement considerably strengthens the so-called Z direction (i.e. the direction perpendicular to the surface of the reinforced material) , resulting in a resistance to delamination .
  • the second joining fibres join the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure at the locations of the intersections, which coincide when projected onto the bearing plane.
  • joining fibres may also join together the various layers of fibres or partial fibrous structures at any other locations outside the intersections of the fibres, by means of stitching; preferably, however, the joins are made, by means of second joining fibres, at the locations of the intersections, which coincide when projected, as mentioned above.
  • intersections may comprise more fibres than other intersections.
  • the second joining fibres join the first and second partial fibrous structures at least at the locations of the intersections, which coincide in projection, of the highest number of mutually intersecting fibres .
  • the intersections with the highest numbers of intersecting fibres of the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure coincide in projection, and that a join is made at these intersections, preferably with the aid of the second joining fibres .
  • joining fibres it is obvious that, as desired, it is possible to provide one ore more joining fibres per intersection, in order to join the fibres which intersect one another at the intersection together securely over the entire thickness of the assembled partial fibrous structures.
  • the first partial fibrous structure and the second partial fibrous structure each comprise four layers, while the orientation of the fibres in the layers is respectively 0, 90, +(30-60) and -(30-60) degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the web of assembled partial fibrous structures; in particular 0, 90, +45 and -45 degrees.
  • the method according to the invention described above relates to the formation of a web-like fibrous structure which is composed of a first partial fibrous structure which is produced in a first step and a second partial fibrous structure which is formed thereon, in a second step, and is joined to the first partial fibrous structure with the aid of second joining fibres.
  • the method is not limited to two partial fibrous structures; more than two partial fibrous structures may also be joined together in the manner described.
  • the second partial fibrous structure does not per se have to be formed on a first partial fibrous structure which has already been formed. It is also possible for the two partial fibrous structures to be formed separately and then placed together and joined by means of joining fibres with the aid of stitching or any other suitable joining method.
  • the invention also relates to a covering material made from fibre-reinforced plastic in which, according to the invention, the plastic is reinforced with a web-like fibrous structure as obtained using the method according to the invention.
  • the material with a web-like fibrous structure as obtained according to the invention is suitable for numerous applications in reinforced plastic materials, in which the plastic may be of thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
  • thermoplastics which may be mentioned are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and numer- ous others.
  • thermosetting plastics which may be mentioned are phenolic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, etc .
  • the covering material made from fibre-reinforced plastic in which a web-like fibrous structure according to the invention is incorporated may, of course, be in numerous forms, such as tubes, corrugated sheet, panel, section, etc .
  • the covering material is a flat panel and, as such, can be used as a covering material in the aeronautical industry, such as for wall and floor lining.
  • the invention also relates to a panel structure in sandwich form, at least comprising a core layer with a top side and an underside, and two layers of covering material which bear against the top side and the underside and are joined to the core layer, in which structure, highly advan- tageously, the covering material is a covering material according to the invention and as described above.
  • a sandwich-like panel structure of this nature is known per se, for example from Canadian Patent 1,339,567 in the name of the applicant.
  • covering material according to the invention which is composed of two joined-together partial fibrous structures which function as a reinforcement for thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer in a panel structure in sandwich form, on the top side and underside, it is possible to obtain an extremely strong, resistant panel structure which is suitable for many uses, such as in aircraft construction as a cabin lining, for floor applications, while obviously it is also true that the covering material according to the invention, as well as the panel structure according to the invention, can be used with equal success in vehicles, vessels, buildings, houses, portable offices, etc.
  • the fibres which can be used for producing the partial fibrous structures are the customary fibres, such as glass fibres, aramid fibres, thermoplastic fibres, such as polyester, carbon fibres, ceramic fibres, etc.
  • the stitching with the aid of the joining fibres may generally be carried out with all kinds of fibres, stitched glass and polyester fibres being preferred.
  • 220 detex glass thread can be used to obtain very good results .
  • the number of joining points per unit surface area is obviously dependent on the fibre thickness employed and the distance between the fibres.
  • Typical fibre grades for glass fibre or polyester may, for example, be 2000 denier, while the joining threads are 60 denier, i.e. considerably thinner.
  • a typical join density is, for example, 81 joining points per square inch;
  • a typical thickness of a web-like fibrous structure composed of two partial fibrous structures, in which each partial fibrous structure is composed of four layers of fibres, is between 0.6 and 1.2 mm; the thickness is typi- cally approximately 0.8 mm.
  • Figs. 1A and IB respectively show a diagrammatic plan view and a diagrammatic side view of a partial fibrous structure which is composed of four layers of fibres.
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a fibrous structure composed of two partial fibrous structures
  • Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows the arrangement of the layers of two joined-together partial fibrous struc- tures, in a preferred embodiment.
  • the fibres are denoted by 1, 2, 3 and 4, fibres 4, for example, being parallel to the longitudinal direction of the web-like fibrous structure; the fibres 3 are perpendicular thereto, and the fibres 1 and 2 form angles of +45 and -45 degrees, respectively, with the longitudinal direction of the web-like fibrous structure.
  • 5 Denotes joining threads which are processed into a stitched arrangement which, at the locations of the intersections with the highest density, surrounds the entire stack of fibres (cf. Fig. IB) .
  • the fibres are not penetrated during stitching, so that they retain their original strength.
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows an assembly of a first partial fibrous structure 21 and a second partial fibrous structure 22, with a bearing plane 23.
  • Both partial fibrous structures are composed of four layers of fibres, as indicated diagrammatically.
  • the partial fibrous structure 21 is produced in a machine which is known per se, after which the partial fibrous structure 21 formed in this way is again introduced into the machine, in order to form the partial fibrous structure 22 which is joined to the partial fibrous structure 21.
  • the partial fibrous structures bear against one another in the bearing plane 23.
  • Fig. 3 diagrammatically shows the arrangement of the various layers for a web-like fibrous structure according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment.
  • the first partial fibrous structure comprises layers of fibres 31, 32, 33 and 34 which, in a manner known per se, are joined together by means of vertical joins between the layers.
  • the resultant partial fibrous structure is again introduced into the machine, and then the second partial fibrous stru- cture is formed on the first partial fibrous structure, the layers 31', 32', 33' and 34' being arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the layers of the first partial fibrous structure, and the bearing plane 35 functioning as the mirror plane .
  • the resultant web-like fibrous structure which is composed of two partial fibrous structures, when used for reinforcing a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, imparts a substantially isotropic strength characteristic to this polymer in the plane of the material formed in this way, and/or imparts a very high strength in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plastic material reinforced in this way.
  • the core which is to be used, that the latter may take numerous forms, such as a foamed structure, a honeycomb structure, aluminium, paper, etc.
  • the layers of covering material which bear against the top side and underside may be joined to the core layer in various ways, for example by means of adhesive bonding; the attachment may, of course, also be mechanical, by means of rivets, screws, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue consistant, lors d'une première opération, à former une première structure (21) partiellement fibreuse, puis, lors d'une seconde opération, à former une deuxième structure (22) partiellement fibreuse tout en assemblant dans le même temps cette deuxième structure à la première structure au moyen de fibres de jonction aussi bien lors de la formation de la première structure partiellement fibreuse que lors de l'assemblage des deux structures partiellement fibreuses. L'invention concerne également un matériau de recouvrement fabriqué à partir de plastique renforcé par des fibres, lequel plastique est renforcé par une structure fibreuse de type bande continue conforme à l'invention. L'invention concerne enfin une structure en panneaux, de type sandwich, comprenant au moins une couche centrale recouverte, sur son recto et sur son verso, de couches de matériau de recouvrement fixées à la couche centrale, le matériau de recouvrement étant le matériau de recouvrement selon l'invention.
EP99933291A 1998-07-17 1999-07-16 Procede de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue Withdrawn EP1069986A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1009684 1998-07-17
NL1009684A NL1009684C1 (nl) 1998-07-17 1998-07-17 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een baanvormige vezelstructuur; bekledingsmateriaal dat met een dergelijke vezelstructuur is versterkt en plaatstructuur die een dergelijk bekledingsmateriaal omvat.
PCT/NL1999/000457 WO2000003869A1 (fr) 1998-07-17 1999-07-16 Procede de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1069986A1 true EP1069986A1 (fr) 2001-01-24

Family

ID=19767517

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99933291A Withdrawn EP1069986A1 (fr) 1998-07-17 1999-07-16 Procede de production d'une structure fibreuse de type bande continue

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1069986A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4936599A (fr)
NL (1) NL1009684C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000003869A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1012639C1 (nl) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-22 Adprotech B V Luchtvrachtbeladingseenheid met vezelversterkte kunststofplaten.
CN111300844B (zh) * 2020-03-18 2022-03-22 成都东日瑞姆机械有限公司 一次成型各向同性的聚氨酯复合轨枕成型设备及方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769142A (en) * 1970-12-04 1973-10-30 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Non-woven locked ply composite structure
GB1364076A (en) * 1972-08-29 1974-08-21 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Structural materials
FR2315562A1 (fr) * 1975-06-26 1977-01-21 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositifs de fabrication de corps ou pieces en tissus tri-dimensionnels
NL8802022A (nl) * 1988-08-15 1990-03-01 Adprotech B V Vlak sandwichvormig lichaam.
ES2031764A6 (es) * 1991-03-04 1992-12-16 Invest De La Ind Textil Asoc D Tejidos multidireccionales multicapa de composicion variable como estructuras de refuerzo aplicables a la fabricacion de vigas perfiles y bastidores en materiales compuestos.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0003869A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4936599A (en) 2000-02-07
WO2000003869A1 (fr) 2000-01-27
NL1009684C1 (nl) 2000-01-18

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