EP1068475B1 - Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1068475B1
EP1068475B1 EP00901114A EP00901114A EP1068475B1 EP 1068475 B1 EP1068475 B1 EP 1068475B1 EP 00901114 A EP00901114 A EP 00901114A EP 00901114 A EP00901114 A EP 00901114A EP 1068475 B1 EP1068475 B1 EP 1068475B1
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Prior art keywords
solids
chamber
dechlorination
silicates
separator
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EP00901114A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1068475A1 (en
Inventor
Werner-Friedrich Staab
Wolfgang Pauly
Niels Henriksen
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Doosan Lentjes GmbH
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MG Technologies AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
    • F23G2203/501—Fluidised bed furnace with external recirculation of entrained bed material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning or Gasification of material containing flammable components in the circulating fluidized bed, which is a vortex chamber for combustion or gasification, one with the top Area of the vortex chamber connected solid matter separator, a return of those occurring in the solids separator Solids to the swirl chamber and a cooling device for indirect cooling of solids by Solid matter separators come, wherein the Cooling device contains several fluidized beds by the Solids are migrated one after the other.
  • a method of this type is known from WO 97/46829 A1.
  • the cooling device is an uncooled fluidized bed upstream, its exhaust gases directly into the combustion be performed. Through this measure the Chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled be reduced.
  • the chlorides are for aggressive Corrosion attacks on the cooling devices responsible.
  • the known blowing through the fluidized bed is mainly in unfavorable cases, the chloride concentration is not suitable in the solids to be cooled sufficiently to reduce to ensure the desired protection against corrosion.
  • corrosive B KCl caking Cooling tubes.
  • the reactivity of the silicates, aluminum silicates or the activated silicates is essentially based on the hydroxyl groups on the silicon.
  • These additives bind the alkalis and metals in the hot solids, so that chlorine is released as HCl, which is less corrosive than z.
  • These solid additives are usually added to the fluidized bed in powder form, the mean grain sizes d 50 being approximately in the range from 50 to 500 ⁇ m. It is also possible for the solid additives to be introduced early into the hot solid feed line.
  • Gaseous SO 2 is particularly suitable for reacting with vaporous alkali chloride or metal chloride and thereby forming sulfates and HCl in the presence of molecular oxygen.
  • the released HCl is driven out of the dechlorination chamber with the fluidizing gas.
  • Sulphates are not or hardly corrosive and can with the ash removed from the process z. B. be deposited.
  • SO 2 can be added to the gas space in a molar concentration of 0.25 to about 6 times the concentration of the released HCl.
  • the SO 2 can also be introduced by sulfur-containing materials, which release at the high temperatures in the dechlorination chamber SO 2 or release in an oxidizing atmosphere SO 2.
  • the fluidized bed in the dechlorination chamber can be with or without indirect cooling work; usually you become this Keep the fluidized bed free of indirect cooling.
  • the other fluidized beds contained in the cooling device by flowed through liquid, gaseous or vaporous coolants Heat exchanger. By eliminating or at least May reduce the corrosiveness of hot solids you keep the temperature high in the hottest fluidized bed what z. B. steam overheating benefits.
  • the material to be burned or gasified can be of different types.
  • B. are coal, lignite, biomass (e.g. wood or straw), solid and / or liquid waste or sewage sludge, several of these materials can also be mixed.
  • the material to be burned or gasified is given through the line (1) into the swirl chamber (2) leading to a circulating fluidized bed. With the top area the vortex chamber (2) is therefore through the channel (3) Solid separator (4) connected, which is z. B. um a cyclone. Partially dedusted gas is drawn in line (5) and it does not become one shown, known cooling and cleaning respectively. Part of the accumulating in the separator (4) Solids is through the return line (6) via a Siphon (7) led back into the swirl chamber (2). The Flow in the siphon is through a fluidizing gas stream controlled, which is introduced in line (7a).
  • the swirl chamber (2) In the lower area of the swirl chamber (2) there is a Grate (8), from which oxygen-containing fluidizing gas flows up into the chamber.
  • the fluidizing gas comes from line (9) and first enters one Distribution chamber (10) before it flows through the grate (8). Ash is removed from the chamber (2) through the extractor (11) away.
  • the material to be burned or gasified can are different types of granular solids combustible components, liquid or pasty substances may be added.
  • the temperatures in the Swirl chamber (2) are usually in the range of 700 up to 1100 ° C and preferably 800 to 1050 ° C.
  • the Eddy gas is constantly a part of the solids through the Channel (3) led to the separator (4).
  • the amount of Solids, which one through the return line (6) in the Cyclic chamber (2) returns, is usually hourly at least 5 times the amount of solids that is in the swirl chamber (2) on average.
  • the temperatures range from 700 to 1100 ° C and mostly have 800 to 1050 ° C, are by the Line (14) fed to a cooling device (15).
  • the cooling device (15) has a Dechlorination chamber (16) and three cooling chambers (16a), (16b) and (16c).
  • the cooling chambers contain heat exchangers (17) and (18) for indirect cooling of the solids there as fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) are present.
  • Weir-like chamber walls are located between the beds (21a), (22a) and (23a), fluidizing gas is through Lines (21b), (22b) and (23b) are supplied.
  • Fluidizing gas can e.g. B. is air.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) has a feed line (20a) for fluidizing gas (e.g. air), the gas from which a grate (20b) flows into a fluidized bed (20) and then first in the one above the fluidized bed (20) Gas space (25) arrives.
  • a gas room is also above the other fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23).
  • the Gas is discharged through a manifold (26), which opens into the swirl chamber (2) and the exhaust gas of the cooled fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) with it.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) can have its own Have gas discharge line (26a), shown in dashed lines is.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) is provided with a feed line (27) for solid additives and with a feed line (28) for gaseous additives. All or part of the gaseous additives can also be supplied through line (28a).
  • Solid additives are silicates, aluminum silicates and / or activated silicates or mixtures which contain at least one of these additives.
  • the gaseous additive used is gaseous SO 2 or other sulfur-containing materials which release SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere. It is important that the content of alkali and metal chlorides which are brought in with the hot solids through line (14) is largely reduced by the additives.
  • the solids which leave the dechlorination chamber (16) via the weir-like wall (21a) and pass into the fluidized bed (21) have a maximum of 20% of the alkali metal and metal chloride content present in the solids of the line (14) is present.
  • the chilled solids contained in the cooling device (15) have partially given off their heat, being used as a coolant z.
  • B. boiler feed water or steam is used, through the line (30) back into the vortex chamber (2) performed. Some of the chilled solids can also removed from the process what is in the drawing is not shown.
  • the chamber (16) is fed as a solid additive 23 kg / h of the activated silicate ICA 2000 (manufacturer: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) and as a gaseous additive SO 2 through lines (27) and (28) , a concentration of 30 ppm SO 2 being established in the gas space (25).
  • the ash cooled to 720 ° C. is drawn off through line (30) and led back into the swirl chamber (2).
  • the treatment in the dechlorination chamber (16) reduces the chlorine content in the solids to 10% of the initial content.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

A material containing combustible components is burned or gasified in a circulating fluidized bed comprising a turbulence chamber, a solids separator connected to the upper area of the turbulence chamber, a return line leading from the solids separator to the turbulence chamber and a cooling device for the indirect cooling of solids arriving from the solids separator. The cooling device comprises several fluidized beds through which the solids pass one after the other. The first fluidized bed, into which the hot solids arriving from the solids separator are introduced first, is situated in a dechlorinating chamber. Fluidizing gas and at least one of the following dechlorinating additives: a) gaseous SO2 or a material which contains sulfur and releases SO2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, b) silicates and aluminium silicates, c) activated silicate, or d) other alkali-binding and HCl-releasing additives, are also introduced into the dechlorinating chamber in at least stoichiometric quantities so as to convert the alkali and metal chlorides contained in the arriving solids.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen von brennbare Bestandteile enthaltendem Material in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht, die eine Wirbelkammer für die Verbrennung oder Vergasung, einen mit dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelkammer verbundenen Feststoffabscheider, eine Rückführung von im Feststoffabscheider anfallenden Feststoffen zur Wirbelkammer und eine Kühleinrichtung zum indirekten Kühlen von Feststoffen, die vom Feststoffabscheider kommen, aufweist, wobei die Kühleinrichtung mehrere Wirbelbetten enthält, die von den Feststoffen nacheinander durchwandert werden.The invention relates to a method for burning or Gasification of material containing flammable components in the circulating fluidized bed, which is a vortex chamber for combustion or gasification, one with the top Area of the vortex chamber connected solid matter separator, a return of those occurring in the solids separator Solids to the swirl chamber and a cooling device for indirect cooling of solids by Solid matter separators come, wherein the Cooling device contains several fluidized beds by the Solids are migrated one after the other.

Ein Verfahren dieser Art ist aus WO 97/46829 A1 bekannt. Hierbei ist der Kühleinrichtung ein ungekühltes Wirbelbett vorgeschaltet, dessen Abgase direkt in die Verbrennung geführt werden. Durch diese Maßnahme soll die Chloridkonzentration in den zu kühlenden Feststoffen verringert werden. Die Chloride sind für aggressive Korrosionsangriffe an den Kühleinrichtungen verantwortlich. Das bekannte Durchblasen des Wirbelbettes ist vor allem in ungünstigen Fällen nicht geeignet, die Chloridkonzentration in den zu kühlenden Feststoffen ausreichend abzusenken, um den erwünschten Schutz vor Korrosion zu gewährleisten. Besonders korrosiv wirken z. B. KCl-Anbackungen auf Kühlrohren.A method of this type is known from WO 97/46829 A1. Here, the cooling device is an uncooled fluidized bed upstream, its exhaust gases directly into the combustion be performed. Through this measure the Chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled be reduced. The chlorides are for aggressive Corrosion attacks on the cooling devices responsible. The known blowing through the fluidized bed is mainly in unfavorable cases, the chloride concentration is not suitable in the solids to be cooled sufficiently to reduce to ensure the desired protection against corrosion. Especially corrosive B. KCl caking Cooling tubes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die heißen, vom Feststoffabscheider kommenden Feststoffe so zu behandeln, daß ihre Korrosivität in der Kühleinrichtung ganz oder nahezu verschwindet. Erfindungsgemäß gelingt dies beim eingangs genannten Verfahren dadurch, daß sich das erste Wirbelbett, in welches man die vom Feststoffabscheider kommenden heißen Feststoffe zuerst leitet, in einer Entchlorungskammer befindet, wobei man in die Entchlorungskammer bei Temperaturen der Feststoffe im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C Fluidisierungsgas und mindestens eines der Entchlorungsadditive

  • a) gasförmiges SO2 oder schwefelhaltiges Material, das in oxidierender Atmosphäre SO2 freisetzt,
  • b) Silikate und Aluminiumsilikate
  • c) aktiviertes Silikat,
    • in mindestens stöchiometrischer Menge zum Umsetzen der in den zugeführten Feststoffen enthaltenen Alkali- und Metall-Choriden einleitet,
    wobei das Silikat, Aluminiumsilikat und/oder aktivierte Silikate in das Wirbelbett (20) der Entchlorungskammer (16) gegeben wird und
    dass, wenn man gasförmiges SO2 oder andere schwefelhaltige Materialien verwendet, die in oxidierender Atmosphäre SO2 freisetzen, diese in den Gasraum (25) über dem Wirbelbett (20) in die Entchlorungskammer (16) leitet. The invention has for its object to treat the hot solids coming from the solids separator so that their corrosiveness in the cooling device disappears completely or almost. According to the invention, this is achieved in the process mentioned at the outset in that the first fluidized bed, into which the hot solids coming from the solids separator are first led, is located in a dechlorination chamber, the fluidization gas being in the dechlorination chamber at temperatures of the solids in the range from 700 to 1100.degree and at least one of the dechlorination additives
  • a) gaseous SO 2 or sulfur-containing material which releases SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere,
  • b) silicates and aluminum silicates
  • c) activated silicate,
    • initiates in at least a stoichiometric amount for converting the alkali and metal chorides contained in the solids supplied,
    wherein the silicate, aluminum silicate and / or activated silicates are placed in the fluidized bed (20) of the dechlorination chamber (16) and
    that if one uses gaseous SO 2 or other sulfur-containing materials that release SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, this leads into the gas space (25) above the fluidized bed (20) into the dechlorination chamber (16).

    Als feste Additive haben sich verschiedene Aluminium-Silikate, z. B. Kaolinit bewährt. Ebenfalls gut geeignet sind aktivierte Silikate (z. B. handelsübliches ICA 5000), wobei die Aktivierung z. B. durch Kochen in Natronlauge erreicht ist. Kostengünstig verwenden kann man auch Abfallstoffe, z. B. chloridfreie Klärschlämme oder kontaminierte Böden, in denen diese Additive enthalten sind.Various aluminum silicates have proven to be solid additives, z. B. proven kaolinite. Also well suited are activated silicates (e.g. commercially available ICA 5000), the activation z. B. by boiling in sodium hydroxide solution is reached. You can also use it inexpensively Waste materials, e.g. B. chloride-free sewage sludge or contaminated soils in which these contain additives are.

    Die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Silikate, Aluminium-Silikate oder der aktivierten Silikate beruht im wesentlichen auf den Hydroxyl-Gruppen am Silicium. Diese Additive binden die Alkalien und Metalle in den heißen Feststoffen, so daß Chlor als HCl freigesetzt wird, welches weniger korrosiv ist als z. B. Alkali- oder Metallchloride. Üblicherweise gibt man diese festen Additive pulverförmig in das Wirbelbett, wobei die mittleren Korngrößen d50 etwa im Bereich vom 50 bis 500 µm liegen. Eine vorgezogene Aufgabe der festen Additive in die Zufuhrleitung der heißen Feststoffe ist ebenfalls möglich.The reactivity of the silicates, aluminum silicates or the activated silicates is essentially based on the hydroxyl groups on the silicon. These additives bind the alkalis and metals in the hot solids, so that chlorine is released as HCl, which is less corrosive than z. B. alkali or metal chlorides. These solid additives are usually added to the fluidized bed in powder form, the mean grain sizes d 50 being approximately in the range from 50 to 500 μm. It is also possible for the solid additives to be introduced early into the hot solid feed line.

    Gasförmiges SO2 ist vor allem geeignet, um mit dampfförmigem Alkalichlorid oder Metallchlorid zu reagieren und dabei in Gegenwart von molekularem Sauerstoff Sulfate und HCl zu bilden. Das freigesetzte HCl wird mit dem Fluidisierungsgas aus der Entchlorungskammer ausgetrieben. Sulfate sind nicht oder kaum korrosiv und können mit der aus dem Verfahren abgezogenen Asche z. B. deponiert werden. Gaseous SO 2 is particularly suitable for reacting with vaporous alkali chloride or metal chloride and thereby forming sulfates and HCl in the presence of molecular oxygen. The released HCl is driven out of the dechlorination chamber with the fluidizing gas. Sulphates are not or hardly corrosive and can with the ash removed from the process z. B. be deposited.

    Man kann SO2 in den Gasraum in einer molaren Konzentration vom 0,25- bis ca. 6-fachen der Konzentration des freigesetzten HCl geben. Das SO2 kann auch durch schwefelhaltige Materialien eingebracht werden, die bei den hohen Temperaturen in der Entchlorungskammer SO2 abgeben oder in oxidierender Atmosphäre SO2 freisetzen.SO 2 can be added to the gas space in a molar concentration of 0.25 to about 6 times the concentration of the released HCl. The SO 2 can also be introduced by sulfur-containing materials, which release at the high temperatures in the dechlorination chamber SO 2 or release in an oxidizing atmosphere SO 2.

    Das Wirbelbett in der Entchlorungskammer kann mit oder ohne indirekte Kühlung arbeiten; üblicherweise wird man dieses Wirbelbett frei von einer indirekten Kühlung halten. Die übrigen Wirbelbetten in der Kühleinrichtung enthalten von flüssigen, gas- oder dampfförmigen Kühlmitteln durchströmte Wärmetauscher. Durch die Beseitigung oder zumindest Verringerung der Korrosivität der heißen Feststoffe kann man die Temperatur im heißesten Wirbelbett hoch halten, was z. B. der Dampfüberhitzung zugute kommt.The fluidized bed in the dechlorination chamber can be with or without indirect cooling work; usually you become this Keep the fluidized bed free of indirect cooling. The other fluidized beds contained in the cooling device by flowed through liquid, gaseous or vaporous coolants Heat exchanger. By eliminating or at least May reduce the corrosiveness of hot solids you keep the temperature high in the hottest fluidized bed what z. B. steam overheating benefits.

    Das zu verbrennende oder zu vergasende Material kann von unterschiedlicher Art sein, es kann sich dabei z. B. um Kohle, Braunkohle, Biomassen (z. B. Holz oder Stroh), feste und/oder flüssige Abfallstoffe oder Klärschlamm handeln,
    wobei auch mehrere dieser vorgenannten Materialien gemischt sein können.    The material to be burned or gasified can be of different types. B. are coal, lignite, biomass (e.g. wood or straw), solid and / or liquid waste or sewage sludge,
    several of these materials can also be mixed.

    Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens werden mit Hilfe der Zeichnung erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Fließschema des Verfahrens.Design options of the process are with the help the drawing explained. The drawing shows a Flow diagram of the process.

    Man gibt das zu verbrennende oder zu vergasende Material durch die Leitung (1) in die Wirbelkammer (2), die zu einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht gehört. Mit dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelkammer (2) ist deshalb durch den Kanal (3) ein Feststoffabscheider (4) verbunden, bei dem es sich z. B. um einen Zyklon handelt. Teilweise entstaubtes Gas zieht man in der Leitung (5) ab und wird es einer nicht dargestellten, an sich bekannten Kühlung und Reinigung zuführen. Ein Teil der im Abscheider (4) anfallenden Feststoffe wird durch die Rückführleitung (6) über einen Syphon (7) zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2) geführt. Der Durchfluß im Syphon wird durch einen Wirbelgasstrom gesteuert, der in der Leitung (7a) herangeführt wird.The material to be burned or gasified is given through the line (1) into the swirl chamber (2) leading to a circulating fluidized bed. With the top area the vortex chamber (2) is therefore through the channel (3) Solid separator (4) connected, which is z. B. um a cyclone. Partially dedusted gas is drawn in line (5) and it does not become one shown, known cooling and cleaning respectively. Part of the accumulating in the separator (4) Solids is through the return line (6) via a Siphon (7) led back into the swirl chamber (2). The Flow in the siphon is through a fluidizing gas stream controlled, which is introduced in line (7a).

    Im unteren Bereich der Wirbelkammer (2) befindet sich ein Rost (8), von dem aus sauerstoffhaltiges Fluidisierungsgas aufwärts in die Kammer strömt. Das Fluidisierungsgas kommt aus der Leitung (9) und tritt zunächst in eine Verteilkammer (10) ein, bevor es durch den Rost (8) strömt. Asche wird durch den Abzug (11) aus der Kammer (2) entfernt.In the lower area of the swirl chamber (2) there is a Grate (8), from which oxygen-containing fluidizing gas flows up into the chamber. The fluidizing gas comes from line (9) and first enters one Distribution chamber (10) before it flows through the grate (8). Ash is removed from the chamber (2) through the extractor (11) away.

    Bei dem zu verbrennenden oder zu vergasenden Material kann es sich um verschiedenartige körnige Feststoffe mit brennbaren Bestandteilen handeln, auch können flüssige oder teigige Stoffe zugegeben sein. Die Temperaturen in der Wirbelkammer (2) liegen üblicherweise im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C und vorzugsweise 800 bis 1050°C. Durch das Wirbelgas wird ständig ein Teil der Feststoffe durch den Kanal (3) zum Abscheider (4) geführt. Die Menge der Feststoffe, die man durch die Rückführleitung (6) in die Wirbelkammer (2) zurückführt, beträgt üblicherweise stündlich mindestens die 5-fache Menge der Feststoffe, die sich durchschnittlich in der Wirbelkammer (2) befindet. The material to be burned or gasified can are different types of granular solids combustible components, liquid or pasty substances may be added. The temperatures in the Swirl chamber (2) are usually in the range of 700 up to 1100 ° C and preferably 800 to 1050 ° C. By the Eddy gas is constantly a part of the solids through the Channel (3) led to the separator (4). The amount of Solids, which one through the return line (6) in the Cyclic chamber (2) returns, is usually hourly at least 5 times the amount of solids that is in the swirl chamber (2) on average.

    Ein Teil der im Abscheider (4) anfallenden heißen Feststoffe, die Temperaturen im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C und zumeist 800 bis 1050°C aufweisen, werden durch die Leitung (14) einer Kühleinrichtung (15) zugeführt. Im vorliegenden Fall weist die Kühleinrichtung (15) eine Entchlorungskammer (16) und drei Kühlkammern (16a), (16b) und (16c) auf. Die Kühlkammern enthalten Wärmeaustauscher (17) und (18) zur indirekten Kühlung der Feststoffe, die dort als Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23) vorhanden sind. Zwischen den Betten befinden sich wehrartige Kammerwände (21a), (22a) und (23a), Fluidisierungsgas wird durch Leitungen (21b), (22b) und (23b) zugeführt. Bei dem Fluidisierungsgas kann es sich z. B. um Luft handeln.Some of the hot ones in the separator (4) Solids, the temperatures range from 700 to 1100 ° C and mostly have 800 to 1050 ° C, are by the Line (14) fed to a cooling device (15). in the In the present case, the cooling device (15) has a Dechlorination chamber (16) and three cooling chambers (16a), (16b) and (16c). The cooling chambers contain heat exchangers (17) and (18) for indirect cooling of the solids there as fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) are present. Weir-like chamber walls are located between the beds (21a), (22a) and (23a), fluidizing gas is through Lines (21b), (22b) and (23b) are supplied. In which Fluidizing gas can e.g. B. is air.

    Die Entchlorungskammer (16) weist eine Zufuhrleitung (20a) für Fluidisierungsgas (z. B. Luft) auf, deren Gas durch einen Rost (20b) in ein Wirbelbett (20) strömt und dann zunächst in den über dem Wirbelbett (20) befindlichen Gasraum (25) gelangt. Ein Gasraum befindet sich auch über den anderen Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23). Die Gasableitung erfolgt durch eine Sammelleitung (26), welche in die Wirbelkammer (2) mündet und dabei auch das Abgas der gekühlten Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23) mit sich führt. Alternativ kann die Entchlorungskammer (16) eine eigene Gasableitung (26a) aufweisen, die gestrichelt eingezeichnet ist.The dechlorination chamber (16) has a feed line (20a) for fluidizing gas (e.g. air), the gas from which a grate (20b) flows into a fluidized bed (20) and then first in the one above the fluidized bed (20) Gas space (25) arrives. A gas room is also above the other fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23). The Gas is discharged through a manifold (26), which opens into the swirl chamber (2) and the exhaust gas of the cooled fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) with it. Alternatively, the dechlorination chamber (16) can have its own Have gas discharge line (26a), shown in dashed lines is.

    Um die Korrosivität der in der Leitung (14) herangeführten heißen Feststoffe auf ein Minimum zu senken, ist die Entchlorungskammer (16) mit einer Zufuhrleitung (27) für Feststoff-Additive und mit einer Zufuhrleitung (28) für gasförmige Additive versehen. Die gasförmigen Additive können ganz oder teilweise auch durch die Leitung (28a) zugeführt werden. Feststoff-Additive sind Silikate, Aluminiumsilikate und/oder aktivierte Silikate oder Gemische, die mindestens eines dieser Additive enthalten. Als gasförmiges Additiv verwendet man gasförmiges SO2 oder andere schwefelhaltige Materialien, die in oxidierender Atmosphäre SO2 freisetzen. Wichtig ist, daß man den Gehalt an Alkali- und Metall-Chloriden, die mit den heißen Feststoffen durch die Leitung (14) herangeführt werden, durch die Additive weitgehend verringert. Vorzugsweise weisen die Feststoffe, die über die wehrartige Wand (21a) die Entchlorungskammer (16) verlassen und in das Wirbelbett (21) übergehen, höchstens noch 20 % des Gehalts an Alkaliund Metall-Chloriden auf, der in den Feststoffen der Leitung (14) vorliegt.In order to minimize the corrosiveness of the hot solids introduced in the line (14), the dechlorination chamber (16) is provided with a feed line (27) for solid additives and with a feed line (28) for gaseous additives. All or part of the gaseous additives can also be supplied through line (28a). Solid additives are silicates, aluminum silicates and / or activated silicates or mixtures which contain at least one of these additives. The gaseous additive used is gaseous SO 2 or other sulfur-containing materials which release SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere. It is important that the content of alkali and metal chlorides which are brought in with the hot solids through line (14) is largely reduced by the additives. The solids which leave the dechlorination chamber (16) via the weir-like wall (21a) and pass into the fluidized bed (21) have a maximum of 20% of the alkali metal and metal chloride content present in the solids of the line (14) is present.

    Die gekühlten Feststoffe, die in der Kühleinrichtung (15) ihre Wärme teilweise abgegeben haben, wobei als Kühlmittel z. B. Kesselspeisewasser oder Wasserdampf verwendet wird, werden durch die Leitung (30) zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2) geführt. Ein Teil der gekühlten Feststoffe kann auch aus dem Verfahren entfernt werden, was in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist. The chilled solids contained in the cooling device (15) have partially given off their heat, being used as a coolant z. B. boiler feed water or steam is used, through the line (30) back into the vortex chamber (2) performed. Some of the chilled solids can also removed from the process what is in the drawing is not shown.

    Beispielexample

    In einer der Zeichnung entsprechenden Anlage, die allerdings neben der Entchlorungskammer (16) nur zwei Kühlkammern (16a) und (16b) aufweist, werden in der Wirbelkammer (2) pro Stunde eine Mischung aus 121000 kg körniger Kohle und 41000 kg Stroh bei einer Temperatur von 850°C verbrannt. Durch die Leitung (14) gibt man 16200 kg/h Asche mit einem Chlorgehalt von 0,002 Gew.-% in die Entchlorungskammer (16), die eine Grundfläche von 1,5 x 0,8 m und eine Höhe von 1,6 m hat. Die Höhe des Wirbelbettes (20) beträgt 1 m. Der Kammer (16) führt man als Feststoff-Additiv 23 kg/h des aktivierten Silikats ICA 2000 (Hersteller: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) und als gasförmiges Additiv SO2 durch die Leitungen (27) beziehungsweise (28) zu, wobei sich im Gasraum (25) eine Konzentration von 30 ppm SO2 einstellt. Aus der Kühlkammer (16b) zieht man die auf 720°C gekühlte Asche durch die Leitung (30) ab und führt sie zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2). Durch die Behandlung in der Entchlorungskammer (16) wird der Chlorgehalt in den Feststoffen auf 10 % des Anfangsgehalts reduziert.In a system corresponding to the drawing, which, however, only has two cooling chambers (16a) and (16b) in addition to the dechlorination chamber (16), a mixture of 121,000 kg of granular coal and 41,000 kg of straw is heated at one temperature in the swirl chamber (2) burned from 850 ° C. 16200 kg / h of ash with a chlorine content of 0.002% by weight are passed through line (14) into the dechlorination chamber (16), which has a base area of 1.5 × 0.8 m and a height of 1.6 m , The height of the fluidized bed (20) is 1 m. The chamber (16) is fed as a solid additive 23 kg / h of the activated silicate ICA 2000 (manufacturer: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) and as a gaseous additive SO 2 through lines (27) and (28) , a concentration of 30 ppm SO 2 being established in the gas space (25). From the cooling chamber (16b), the ash cooled to 720 ° C. is drawn off through line (30) and led back into the swirl chamber (2). The treatment in the dechlorination chamber (16) reduces the chlorine content in the solids to 10% of the initial content.

    Claims (3)

    1. A method for burning or gasifying material containing combustible constituents in a circulating fluidised bed system which comprises a vortex chamber (2) for the burning or gasification, a solids separator (4) connected to the upper region (3) of the vortex chamber (2), a means (6) for returning solids produced in the solids separator (4) to the vortex chamber (2) and a cooling means (15) for indirectly cooling solids which come from the solids separator (4), the cooling means (15) containing a plurality of fluidised beds (20, 21, 22, 23) through which the solids migrate in succession, characterised in that the first fluidised bed (20), into which the hot solids coming from the solids separator (4) are first passed, is located in a dechlorination chamber (16), wherein fluidising gas and at least one of the dechlorination additives
      a) gaseous SO2 or sulphur-containing material which releases SO2 in an oxidising atmosphere,
      b) silicates and aluminium silicates, or
      c) activated silicate
      in at least a stoichiometric amount are introduced into the dechlorination chamber (16) at temperatures of the solids in the range from 700 to 1100°C in order to react the alkali metal and metal chlorides contained in the solids supplied,
      the silicate, aluminium silicate and/or activated silicates being introduced into the fluidised bed (20) of the dechlorination chamber (16) and
      that, if gaseous SO2 or other sulphur-containing materials are used which release SO2 in an oxidising atmosphere, these are passed into the gas space (25) above the fluidised bed (20) into the dechlorination chamber (16).
    2. A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the fluidised bed (20) in the dechlorination chamber (16) is free from indirect cooling.
    3. A method according to Claim 1 or one of the following claims, characterised in that the material to be burned or gasified contains solid and/or liquid waste substances.
    EP00901114A 1999-01-29 2000-01-19 Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed Expired - Lifetime EP1068475B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19903510 1999-01-29
    DE19903510A DE19903510C2 (en) 1999-01-29 1999-01-29 Process for combustion or gasification in the circulating fluidized bed
    PCT/EP2000/000378 WO2000045091A1 (en) 1999-01-29 2000-01-19 Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed

    Publications (2)

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    EP1068475A1 EP1068475A1 (en) 2001-01-17
    EP1068475B1 true EP1068475B1 (en) 2002-11-13

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    SE520927C2 (en) 2001-01-26 2003-09-16 Vattenfall Ab Method of operation of a heat-producing plant for combustion of chlorine-containing fuels
    TW571049B (en) * 2001-11-12 2004-01-11 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Circulating fluidized bed boiler
    DE102005005796A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Method and device for the thermochemical conversion of a fuel
    DE102007056580B3 (en) 2007-11-23 2009-04-02 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Process and apparatus for the air flow sulphation of flue gas components
    DE102007062390B3 (en) * 2007-12-22 2009-04-02 Michael Kaden Fluidized-bed furnace for combustion of fuel, has fluid bed, where heat is received from fluid bed such that surplus bed material overflows from fluid bed and cooled bed material in fluid bed is recycled to fluid bed
    KR101586423B1 (en) * 2013-12-27 2016-01-18 포스코에너지 주식회사 Indirect dual bubble fluidized gasfier
    FI20225235A1 (en) * 2022-03-16 2023-09-17 Valmet Technologies Oy A fluidized bed boiler and a method for operating a circulating fluidized bed boiler

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    FR2563118B1 (en) * 1984-04-20 1987-04-30 Creusot Loire PROCESS AND PLANT FOR TREATING FLUIDIZED BED MATERIAL
    DE3640908A1 (en) * 1986-11-29 1988-06-01 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for burning salt-rich coal
    US4709662A (en) * 1987-01-20 1987-12-01 Riley Stoker Corporation Fluidized bed heat generator and method of operation
    DE3712801A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-11-03 Babcock Werke Ag METHOD FOR BURNING INSB. SALTY BROWN COAL
    DE4102959A1 (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-08-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag METHOD FOR BURNING COAL IN THE CIRCULATING FLUID BED
    US5220112A (en) * 1991-09-10 1993-06-15 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Fixation of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator ash
    US5245120A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-14 Physical Sciences, Inc. Process for treating metal-contaminated materials
    FR2701223B1 (en) * 1993-02-09 1995-04-28 Cnim Process for the treatment of residues from the purification of smoke emitted during the incineration of household and / or industrial waste, installation for the execution of this process, and products obtained by this process and this installation.
    FI102316B1 (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-11-13 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method and apparatus for reducing corrosion of heat transfer surfaces by harmful components of solid suspensions
    DE19802274C2 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-09-30 Rudolf Kruppa Influencing the chemical processes in the thermal treatment or combustion of household waste or household waste similar to household waste in waste incineration plants (MVA) by means of sulfur or sulfur-containing additives with the aim of reducing chlorine / chloride corruption

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    DE19903510C2 (en) 2002-03-07
    AU763820B2 (en) 2003-07-31
    ATE227825T1 (en) 2002-11-15
    HUP0102841A3 (en) 2002-03-28
    DK1068475T3 (en) 2003-03-10
    PT1068475E (en) 2003-03-31
    CZ297653B6 (en) 2007-02-21
    DE50000746D1 (en) 2002-12-19
    DE19903510A1 (en) 2000-08-03
    WO2000045091A1 (en) 2000-08-03
    US6649135B1 (en) 2003-11-18
    HUP0102841A2 (en) 2001-12-28
    PL191977B1 (en) 2006-07-31
    AU2109400A (en) 2000-08-18
    JP2002539402A (en) 2002-11-19
    JP4443769B2 (en) 2010-03-31
    PL343119A1 (en) 2001-07-30
    EP1068475A1 (en) 2001-01-17
    HU222149B1 (en) 2003-04-28
    ES2185559T3 (en) 2003-05-01
    TW414844B (en) 2000-12-11
    CZ20003568A3 (en) 2002-02-13

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