EP1058150A1 - Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales - Google Patents
Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1058150A1 EP1058150A1 EP00201598A EP00201598A EP1058150A1 EP 1058150 A1 EP1058150 A1 EP 1058150A1 EP 00201598 A EP00201598 A EP 00201598A EP 00201598 A EP00201598 A EP 00201598A EP 1058150 A1 EP1058150 A1 EP 1058150A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- silver halide
- grains
- emulsion
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000010893 electron trap Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- RRLFHZBAAPFNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ru](OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N Chemical class [Ru](OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N RRLFHZBAAPFNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 95
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 32
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 31
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 31
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 18
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 231100000489 sensitizer Toxicity 0.000 description 13
- 238000009607 mammography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000298 carbocyanine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical class C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDVFHEXRJFFDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-sulfanylidene-2h-tetrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1N1C(=S)N=NN1 GDVFHEXRJFFDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ketodiacetal Natural products O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiocyanate Chemical compound [NH4+].[S-]C#N SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021505 gold(III) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JOUUTMVGJVCAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfidosulfonylmethylbenzene Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]S(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JOUUTMVGJVCAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000183 1,3-benzoxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical class C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC1OCCOC1O YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJHIIHORMWQZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethenylsulfonylmethylsulfonyl)ethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)CS(=O)(=O)C=C IJHIIHORMWQZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAVMNSHHXUMFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[bis(ethenylsulfonyl)methoxy-ethenylsulfonylmethyl]sulfonylethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C(S(=O)(=O)C=C)OC(S(=O)(=O)C=C)S(=O)(=O)C=C SAVMNSHHXUMFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxido-1,3-thiazole Chemical class [O-]S1=CN=C=C1 YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-triazine-6-thione Chemical class SC1=CC=NN=N1 HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDZRROTFKRVES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC1(C)C(O)=C(O)C(=O)C1(C)C XBDZRROTFKRVES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Br)=NC2=C1 PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC([N+](=O)[O-])=NC2=C1 KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propanol Substances CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical class NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical class N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2 CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZEYCGJAYIHIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZEYCGJAYIHIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-1h-1,2,3-benzotriazole Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)N2NC=NC2=N1 INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-1,3-oxazole-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1OCC=N1 GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical class ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000996 L-ascorbic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXXHXNAKOLBUEA-UHFFFAOYSA-H N#CO[Ru](OC#N)(OC#N)(OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N Chemical class N#CO[Ru](OC#N)(OC#N)(OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N DXXHXNAKOLBUEA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 Chemical class OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWPZUNZVUVXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(=O)=S.Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound OS(=O)=S.Cc1ccccc1 IWPZUNZVUVXGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004285 Potassium sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=S Chemical compound [Au]=S XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- XHLMRAUSOZPJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonothioamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 XHLMRAUSOZPJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019642 color hue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000893 electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PDMYFWLNGXIKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold(3+);trithiocyanate Chemical compound [Au+3].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N PDMYFWLNGXIKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYASEAQTEQVOJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{4}-sulfane Chemical compound OS(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 WYASEAQTEQVOJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Substances C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004957 nitroimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UGZVCHWAXABBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridin-1-ium-1-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 UGZVCHWAXABBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000837 restrainer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFVJLNKVUKIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(selanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=[Se])C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFVJLNKVUKIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZKWZUOYGAKOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-H tripotassium;hexachloroiridium(3-) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Ir+3] NZKWZUOYGAKOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03535—Core-shell grains
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion particularly suitable for use in single-side and double-side coated radiographic materials.
- Tabular silver halide grains are grains possessing two parallel crystal faces with an aspect ratio of two or more. Said aspect ratio is defined as the ratio between the diameter of a circle having an equivalent surface area as one of these crystal faces, and the thickness, being the distance between the two major faces.
- Tabular grains are known in the photographic art for quite some time. As early as 1961 Berry et al. described the preparation and growth of tabular silver bromoiodide grains in Photographic Science and Engineering, Vol 5, No 6. A discussion of tabular grains appeared in Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, Focal Press, 1966,p.66-72. Early patent literature includes US-A's 4,063,951; 4,067,739; 4,150,994; 4,184,877 and 4,184,878. However the tabular grains described herein cannot be regarded as showing a high diameter to thickness ratio, commonly termed aspect ratio. In a number of US-A's filed in 1981 and issued in 1984 tabular grains with high aspect ratio and their advantages in photographic applications are described as e.g. US-A's 4,434,226; 4,439,520; 4,425,425 and 4,425,426 and in Research Disclosure, Volume 225, Jan 1983, Item 22534.
- Anisotropic growth characteristics for the said tabular grains are known to be due to the formation of parallel twin planes in the nucleation step of the precipitation and as a global result fairly heterogeneous emulsion crystal distributions are obtained: a common variability coefficient (defined as a ratio between average standard deviation on equivalent circular diameter and the said average equivalent circular diameter) of 0.30 to 0.60 is calculated, partly due to the presence of quite a large number of non-tabular grains having a sphere equivalent diameter of less than 0.3 ⁇ m. Moreover differences in thickness growth are observed, said differences leading to unevenness as a consequence of observed differences in image tone.
- Heterodispersity of grain morphology further leads to e.g. uncontrolled chemical and spectral sensitization, lower contrast and lower covering power, thereby losing typical advantages of the said grains as referred to hereinbefore.
- radiographic materials comprising emulsions having monodisperse tabular silver brom(oiod)ide crystals have e.g. been described in US-A's 5,252,442 and 5,508,158.
- Combinations of intensifying screens provided with luminescent phosphors and light-sensitive silver halide photographic materials are conventionally used for medical diagnosis.
- the luminescent phosphors in the screen panel or panels are converting X-rays into visible radiation, thereby exposing the film material in contact with the said panel (for single-side coated materials as e.g. in mammography) or panels (for duplitized or double-side coated materials as e.g. in chest imaging). So in mammography e.g.
- the compressed breast is irradiated with soft X-rays emitted from an X-ray generating device and the modulated X-rays are detected with a radiographic X-ray conversion screen, also called intensifying, fluorescent screen or "phosphor screen".
- the X-ray conversion screen comprises a luminescent phosphor which converts the absorbed X-rays into visible light and the emitted visible light exposes a silver halide film that is brought into contact with said X-ray conversion screen.
- film processing comprising the steps of developing, fixing, rinsing and drying, a mammogram is obtained which can be read on a light box.
- contrast mammography films When the contrast is low, skin line perceptibility is excellent, but then the chance of missing possibly malignant breast lesions is high. Thus a balance has to be found between contrast and exposure latitude and an example of this approach has been described in US-A 5,290,655. At first sight tabular grains would be judged not to be able to satisfy all those requirements, especially with respect to contrast.
- mammography films are preferred which comprise silver halide crystals that can be processed rapidly and consistently in a dry-to-dry processing cycle of 90 seconds or less and therefore, most mammography films today comprise good developable cubic silver halide crystals.
- cubic crystals show a stable speed and contrast upon varying processing parameters, but said cubic grain emulsions however are characterized by a very high contrast, resulting in a poor skin line perceptibility.
- a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion comprising a binder and core-shell tabular grains, wherein said core is more rich in silver bromide than said shell, characterized in that said grains contain, in the core thereof representing an amount of precipitated silver halide extending up to less than 50 % of all precipitated silver halide, a ruthenium complex compound (more preferably a (hexa)cyanate salt complex of ruthenium) as a sole complex compound providing shallow electron traps.
- a single-side or double-side coated silver halide photo-graphic material comprising a support and coated thereon one or both sides respectively one or more hydrophilic light-sensitive layers, wherein at least one of said layers comprises a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion according to the present invention.
- said sole compound providing shallow electron traps (SET's) in the core-shell tabular grains of the emulsion according to the present invention is a ruthenium complex compound, and more particularly, in a more preferred embodiment, a ruthenium (hexa)cyanate complex compound.
- a metal ligand complex (as the ruthenium cyanate complex present in the core of the tabular grains rich in silver bromide) used as sole shallow electron trap providing complex compound in the said core, is a compound providing shallow electron traps (SET's) if all ligands in the metal complex are more electronegative (situated more to the right side of the spectrophotometrical series), opposite to those providing more permanent trapping centres when a ligand is becoming less electronegative whereby the trap depth of the metal complex dopant will increase.
- SET's shallow electron traps
- the g value of the shallowly trapped electron in AgCl is 1.880 ⁇ 0.001 and for AgBr is 1.49 ⁇ 0.02.
- the g value in EPR is characteristic for each examined species and can be calculated and measured as described in, e.g., Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Techniques and Applications , by Raymond S. Alger, (1968) published by Interscience publishers, New York.
- the width of the line, as a function of temperature and concentration of the added dopant complex, has been described by H. Vercammen, D. Schoemaker, D. Vandenbroucke, Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium on Silver Halide Imaging , Victoria - BC, Canada, 1997, pp. 125.
- the line width of the EPR signal of shallowly trapped electrons at 20 K is quoted to be 1.0 ⁇ 0.1 mT for a dopant concentration of 1 ppm. This parameter (line width) can be used as a thorough check of the concentration of the dopant which is effectively built in.
- said compound providing shallow electron traps is present in amount of from 1 p.p.b. up to 100 p.p.m. versus silver, and, more preferably in an amount of from 10 up to 100 p.p.m..
- the core of the light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion, more rich in silver bromide than the shell represents an amount of precipitated silver halide extending up to less than 50 % of all precipitated silver halide, and more preferably even up to at most 40 % of all silver halide precipitated.
- Ruthenium ion complexes providing shallow electron traps desired in order to reach the objects of the present invention, also called dopants, are e.g. those described in an interesting survey of Research Disclosure, Item 36736 (November 1994).
- Recommended SET's, besides the ruthenium (hexa)cyanate complex compound(s) are e.g. metal-halogen-fluorine complexes, more preferably hexafluoro coordinated iridium ion complexes described in EP-A 0 945 755, which are also advantageously added to the emulsion of the present invention.
- the complex compound dopants disoclosed therein are commonly added in significantly lower amounts to the tabular grains rich in silver bromide coated in emulsion form in one or more hydrophilic layers of the material according to the present invention than as e.g. spectral sensitisers and are thereby causing much less chemical load of the image-forming system of the present invention.
- Said dopants can in principle be added in whatever a stage of the emulsion preparation, provided that those dopants are not present in a shell outside the core rich in silver bromide and extending up to less than 50 % (and in a preferred embodiment outside the core extending up to 40%) of all silver precipitated.
- complex ion compounds of ruthenium are incorporated in a limited part of the core portion, preferably the ruthenium cyanate salts thereof, and more preferably the ruthenium hexacyanate salt is particularly recommended as dopant(s) for the said core-shell tabular grain emulsions rich in silver bromide: in the presence of a sole complex ion compound as the preferred [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4- , in the core of the core-shell tabular grain, wherein said core is more rich in silver bromide than the shell, it is possible to reach the objects of the present invention, more particularly to reach the desired enhanced contrast without loss in speed.
- the non-uniform distributrion of said sole complex ion compounds providing shallow electron traps plays a dominant role and when the tabular grains rich in silver bromide are described as core-shell tabular grains this means that the core thereof contains shallow electron trap dopants as ruthenium compounds mentioned hereinbefore, whereas the shell is completely free thereof.
- the dopants providing shallow electron traps can be added from the start of the nucleation step until addition less than 50 % of the total amount of silver (thus during part of the growth step) and before addition of at least the other 50 % of silver salt in order to build up the shell of the core-shell tabular grain, wherein said shell has a lower content of silver bromide, in that part of the silver bromide has been replaced by silver iodide and, optionally by silver chloride, so that the tabular grains have a silver bromoiodide or bromochloroiodide composition.
- hole trapping dopants chosen from carboxylic (formic) acid (salts) and ⁇ -hydroxy sulfenic acid (salts) described in EP-Application No. 98204079, filed November 30, 1998 in order to get further improved sensitometric properties.
- silver iodide present in the core-shell tabular grains of the present invention is divided non-homogeneously over the crystal volume it is preferred that all silver iodide is concentrated in the outer shell of the core-shell tabular grain, wherein said outer shell represents at least 50 % of all silver precipitated and wherein said iodide is present in an enhanced amount in order to get an average silver iodide content over the whole grain volume of less than 3 mole %.
- said grains have silver bromide in an average amount of at least 95 % and even up to 99 mole % of silver bromide, although even higher amounts of bromide are not excluded. Further according to the present invention said grains have silver iodide in an average amount over the grain volume of at most 3 mole %, more preferably at most 1 mole %. Although preferred with respect to intrinsic and to spectral sensitivity it is recommended to limit average iodide concentrations to low levels as disclosed hereinbefore as higher concentrations retard development and lead to unsatisfactory sensitivities. Moreover the velocity of fixation can be disturbed in that case and as a consequence residual colouration may be unavoidable.
- said solution can be introduced by means of a so-called "third-jet" in order to introduce the dopant in the reaction vessel where rapid incorporation in the growing crystals is performed.
- said third-jet is adding the dopant solution in the vicinity of the stirrer, where also new rapidly dissolving fine grain nuclei are formed which are precipitated further onto growing tabular crystals rich in silver bromide.
- tabular grains according to the present invention have a ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal habit with an aspect ratio of more than 2, an average equivalent crystal diameter of at least 0.5 ⁇ m, an average thickness of from 0.06 to 0.30 ⁇ m and wherein said grains account for a total projected area of at least 90 % with respect to all grains.
- said tabular grains having a ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal habit have an aspect ratio of from 5 to 20, an average equivalent crystal diameter of from 0.5 ⁇ m up to 5 ⁇ m (more preferably from 0.5 ⁇ m up to 3 ⁇ m), an average thickness of from 0.06 to 0.30 ⁇ m (more preferably from 0.06 ⁇ m up to 0.2 ⁇ m and even more preferably up to 0.15 ⁇ m) and wherein said grains account for a total projected area of at least 90 % and even more with respect to all grains.
- the emulsion has tabular grains having a hexagonal ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal habit with a habitual variation coefficient on average crystal diameter of 25 % or less and more preferably 20 % or less.
- Emulsions according to the present invention can be prepared as those described in US-A 5,595,864, but methods, providing relatively narrow grain size distributions which can be applied are e.g. US-A's 5,290,655 and 5,693,459 and EP-A's 0 518 066 and 0 577 886.
- Patent literature related with the chemical ripening of tabular emulsion grains rich in silver bromide can be found e.g. in EP-A's 0 476 345, 0 831 363, 0 862 088 and 0 895 121 and in US-A's 5,004,679; 5,348,850; 5,654,134; 5,773,901; 5,807,667, without however being limited thereto.
- Preferred unstable selenium compounds are e.g. those selected from the group consisting of substituted selenoureum, substituted triphenylphosphine selenide, substituted and unsubstituted triphenylorthophosphate selenide and substituted selenothiazine compounds.
- Said selenium sensitisers are preferably used together with other sensitisers as at least gold and optionally sulphur.
- Especially useful labile compounds providing sulphur are therefore e.g. sodium thiosulphate, tetramethyl-thiodithioacetic acid diamide and further dimethylamino-dithiomercaptane, thiosulphates or thiosulphonates.
- Other useful compounds which may be applied are those as described e.g. in "Chimie et Physique Photographique" by P. Glafkides, in “Photographic Emulsion Chemistry” by G.F. Duffin, in “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion” by V.L. Zelikman et al, and in "Die Grundlagen der Photographischen mit Silberhalogeniden” edited by H. Frieser and published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968).
- chemical sensitization can be carried out by effecting the ripening in the presence of small amounts of compounds containing sulphur as e.g. thiosulphate, thiocyanate, thioureas; sulphites, mercapto compounds, rhodamines etc.., wherein combinations of gold-sulphur ripeners together with the required selenium sensitisers are the most preferred.
- sulphur e.g. thiosulphate, thiocyanate, thioureas
- sulphites mercapto compounds
- tellurium compounds as e.g. tellurosulphate, tellurocyanate, telluroureas in very small amounts is thereby however not excluded.
- tellurium compounds have e.g. been described in US-A's 5,348,850; 5,541,047; 5,654,134.
- Further reductors as e.g. tin compounds as described in GB-A 789,823, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine-sulphinic acids, and silane compounds may be used, although care should be taken in order to prevent the emulsion from fog formation in an uncontrollable way.
- Normal amounts of selenium compounds are in the range from 1 x 10 -5 - 1 x 10 -7 moles per mole of silver
- gold compounds as gold chloride or gold thiocyanate
- reducing agents may be used in order to counterbalance the restraining actions from spectral sensitizers, fog-restrainers or stabilizers as e.g. substituted heterocyclic mercapto compounds described in US-A 5,242,791.
- Silver solvents may have a regulating role therein as e.g. thiocyanate ions. It is a common method to add chemical sensitizers after redispersion. Before starting chemical sensitization the surface of the tabular silver halide grains rich in silver bromide may be treated with slightly oxidizing compounds as e.g. toluene thiosulphonic acid and/or corresponding salts thereof in order to reduce small silver specks to grow to fog centers in an uncontrolled way.
- slightly oxidizing compounds as e.g. toluene thiosulphonic acid and/or corresponding salts thereof in order to reduce small silver specks to grow to fog centers in an uncontrolled way.
- light-sensitive tabular ⁇ 111 ⁇ silver halide grains rich in silver bromide may be spectrally sensitised with methine dyes such as those described by F.M. Hamer in "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, John Wiley & Sons.
- Dyes that may be used for the purpose of spectral sensitisation include cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, homopolar cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, styryl dyes and hemioxonol dyes.
- Spectral sensitization of said tabular grains or crystals proceeds with spectrally sensitizing compounds selected from the group consisting of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, or a combination thereof.
- An example of a useful spectral sensitiser of the oxacarbocyanine type is anhydro-5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-bis(n-sulphobutyl)-9-ethyloxacarbocyanine hydroxide or anhydro-5,5'-di-chloro-3,3'-bis(n-sulphopropyl)-9-ethyloxacarbocyanine hydroxide.
- a suitable mixture or combination of spectral sensitisers of the oxa- and imidacarbocyanine type is anhydro-5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-bis(n-sulphobutyl)-9-ethyl oxacarbocyanine hydroxide or anhydro-5,5'-dichloro-3,3'-bis(n-sulphopropyl)-9-ethyloxacarbocyanine hydroxide together with anhydro-5,5'-dicyano-1,1'-diethyl-3,3'-di(2-acetoxy-ethyl)ethyl-imidacarbocyanine bromide.
- Spectral sensitizers having asymmetrical heterocycles may be useful and may even be preferred with respect to improvements in residual colouration after processing.
- Unsymmetrically chain substituted oxacarbocyanine dyes and/or imidacarbocyanine dyes suitable to improve dye stain and spectral sensitivity in the green short wavelength region have e.g. been given in JP-A 03-048235.
- Supersensitization with a symmetrical oxacarbocyanine dye in combination with a carbocyanine dye of e.g. the oxazole-imidazole type has been disclosed in US-A's 4,594,317 and 4,659,654.
- spectral sensitization In classical emulsion preparation spectral sensitization traditionally follows the completion of chemical sensitization. It can however be advantageous to add an amount of a small amount of spectral sensitizing dye to the emulsion crystals just before cooling of the dispersion at the end of the growth stage, but in principle the addition of said dye may be performed at any stage of the precipitation, during or after redispersing or before, during or after chemical ripening. The addition can further be performed in one or more portions. So in US-A 5,286,621 it has been shown that spectral sensitizer is added in amounts ranging from 10 -5 to 5 x 10 -3 moles per mole of silver halide as a whole after completion of the precipitation or in several fractions during and after precipitation.
- An important factor influencing growth of silver nuclei in the preparation of tabular grains rich in silver bromide is the choice of and the amount of protective colloid present in the reaction vessel or added simultaneously with one of the solutions added thereto during nucleation and further, eventually, after nucleation, during physical ripening before and/or during growth of the nuclei formed.
- said binder is gelatin, colloidal silica sol or cationic oxidized starch.
- the most well-known and practically used hydrophilic colloidal binder during precipitation of tabular grains rich in silver bromide is gelatin.
- the preparation of conventional lime-treated or acid treated gelatin has been described in e.g. "The Science and Technology of Gelatin", edited by A.G. Ward and A.
- gelatin can also be enzyme-treated as described in Bull. Soc. Sci. Phot. Japan, N o 16, page 30 (1966).
- a preparation method of tabular grain emulsions wherein in the grain growth process use is made of gelatin derivatives with chemically modified NH 2 -groups and wherein said gelatin has a specific methionine content has been described in e.g. EP-A 0 697 618.
- Gelatin may, however, be replaced in part or integrally by synthetic, semi-synthetic, or natural polymers. Synthetic substitutes for gelatin are e.g.
- Natural substitutes for gelatin are e.g. other proteins such as zein, albumin and casein, cellulose, saccharides, starch, and alginates.
- the semi-synthetic substitutes for gelatin are modified natural products e.g.
- gelatin derivatives obtained by conversion of gelatin with alkylating or acylating agents, by grafting of polymerizable monomers on gelatin or prehardened gelatins with blocked functional groups as a consequence of this prehardening treatment, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, phthaloyl cellulose, and cellulose sulphates and even potato starch, whether or not modified as e.g. cationic oxidized starch.
- the emulsion mixture is normally cooled to about 40°C, before or after adding a flocculate being a polymeric compound as e.g. polystyrene sulphonic acid, providing as a anionic polymer a behaviour depending on pH.
- a flocculate being a polymeric compound as e.g. polystyrene sulphonic acid, providing as a anionic polymer a behaviour depending on pH.
- a flocculate being a polymeric compound as e.g. polystyrene sulphonic acid, providing as a anionic polymer a behaviour depending on pH.
- a flocculate being a polymeric compound as e.g. polystyrene sulphonic acid, providing as a anionic polymer a behaviour depending on pH.
- the pH of the said dispersing medium is adjusted with an acid to a value in order to get a qualitatively good flocculate.
- Said flocculate may become decanted and
- Said ultrafiltration technique may be applied on-line during the whole precipitation, in order to reduce the increasing amount of water, thus avoiding dilution of the reaction vessel and increasing amounts of soluble salts like the mainly occurring potassium nitrate. Examples thereof have been described e.g. in EP-A 0 577 886.
- a technique also called ultrafiltration it is not necessary to use polymeric flocculating agents that may disturb the coating composition stability before, during or after the coating procedure. Such procedures are disclosed e.g. in Research Disclosure Vol. 102, Oct. 1972, Item 10208, Research Disclosure Vol. 131, March, Item 13122 and US-A 4,334,012.
- Redispersion may further be performed by addition of extra hydrophilic colloid.
- values of gesi and/or sisi may be enhanced up to values desired in order to prepare stable coating solutions. It is clear however that any useful protective colloid cited hereinbefore as an alternative of gelatin or gelatin in modified form may be used.
- Emulsions having tabular silver halide grains rich in silver bromide according to the present invention which have been prepared in order to be coated in light-sensitive silver halide layers of a film material should be stabilized in a suitable manner in order to provide a good fog-sensitivity(speed) relationship.
- a suitable way to stabilize such emulsions has e.g.
- the silver halide emulsions according to the present invention may further comprise as compounds preventing the formation of a high minimum density during the production or storage of photographic materials or during the photographic treatment thereof the heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlorobenzimidazoles, bromobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, aminotriazoles, benzotriazoles (preferably 5-methylbenzotriazole), nitrobenzotriazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, in particular 1-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazole, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptotriazines, benzothiazoline-2-thione, oxazoline-thione, triazaindenes, tetrazaindenes and pentazaindenes, especially those
- the binder of the layers can be forehardened with appropriate hardening agents such as those of the epoxide type, those of the ethylenimine type, those of the vinylsulfone type, e.g. 1,3-vinylsulphonyl-2-propanol or di(vinylsulphonyl)-methane, vinylsulphonyl-ether compounds, vinylsulphonyl compounds having soluble groups, chromium salts like e.g. chromium acetate and chromium alum, aldehydes as e.g.
- N-methylol compounds as e.g. dimethylolurea and methyloldimethylhydantoin, dioxan derivatives e.g. 2,3-dihydroxy-dioxan, active vinyl compounds e.g. 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine, active halogen compounds e.g. 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine, and mucohalogenic acids e.g. mucochloric acid and mucophenoxychloric acid.
- These hardeners can be used alone or in combination.
- the binder can also be hardened with fast-reacting hardeners such as carbamoylpyridinium salts as disclosed in US-A's 4,063,952 and with the onium compounds as disclosed in EP-A 0 408 143.
- a light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material is further provided, wherein said material comprises a support and on one or both sides thereof at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer having a core-shell tabular grain emulsion as disclosed hereinbefore.
- the photographic material comprising emulsions according to the present invention may further comprise various kinds of surface-active agents in the light-sensitive emulsion layer(s) or in at least one other hydrophilic colloid layer.
- Suitable surface-active agents include non-ionic agents such as saponins, alkylene oxides, e.g., polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol condensation products, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers or polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol alkylamines or alkylamides, silicone-polyethylene oxide adducts, glycidol derivatives, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl esters of saccharides, anionic agents comprising an acid group such as a carboxyl, sulpho, phospho, sulphuric or phosphoric ester group; ampholytic agents such as aminoacids,
- Such surface-active agents can be used for various purposes, e.g. as coating aids, as compounds preventing electric charges, as compounds improving film transport in automatic film handling equipment, as compounds facilitating dispersive emulsification, as compounds preventing or reducing adhesion, and as compounds improving photographic properties such as higher contrast, sensitization and development acceleration.
- coating aids as compounds preventing electric charges
- compounds improving film transport in automatic film handling equipment as compounds facilitating dispersive emulsification, as compounds preventing or reducing adhesion
- photographic properties such as higher contrast, sensitization and development acceleration.
- development acceleration may be useful, which can be accomplished with the aid of various compounds, preferably polyoxyalkylene derivatives having a molecular weight of at least 400 such as those described in e.g. US-A's 3,038,805; 4,038,075 and 4,292,400.
- Especially preferred developing accelerators are recurrent thioether groups containing polyoxyethylenes as described in DE 2,360,878, EP-A's 0 634 688 and 0 674 215.
- the same or different or a mixture of different developing accelerators may be added to at least one of the hydrophilic layers at the emulsion side. It may be advantageous to partially substitute the hydrophilic colloid binder, preferably gelatin, of the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer or of an hydrophilic colloid layer in water-permeable relationship therewith by suitable amounts of dextran or dextran derivatives to improve the covering power of the silver image formed and to provide a higher resistance to abrasion in wet condition.
- the photographic material comprising emulsions of the present invention may further comprise various other additives such as compounds improving the dimensional stability of the photographic material, UV-absorbers, spacing agents, lubricants, plasticizers, antistatic agents, etc.
- Suitable additives for improving the dimensional stability are i.a. dispersions of a water-soluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer e.g.
- UV-absorbers are e.g.
- benzotriazole compounds as described in US-A 3,533,794, 4-thiazolidone compounds as described in US-A's 3,314,794 and 3,352,681, benzophenone compounds as described in JP-A 2784/71, cinnamic ester compounds as described in US-A's 3,705,805 and 3,707,375, butadiene compounds as described in US-A 4,045,229, and benzoxazole compounds as described in US-A 3,700,455.
- the average particle size of spacing agents is comprised between 0.2 and 10 ⁇ m.
- Spacing agents can be soluble or insoluble in alkali. Alkali-insoluble spacing agents usually remain permanently in the photographic material, whereas alkali-soluble spacing agents usually are removed in an alkaline processing bath.
- Suitable spacing agents can be made i.a. of polymethyl methacrylate, of copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate. Other suitable spacing agents have been described in US-A 4,614,708.
- acetamide or polyols such as trimethylolpropane, pentanediol, butanediol, ethylene glycol and glycerine.
- a polymer latex is preferably incorporated into the hydrophilic colloid layer for the purpose of improving the anti-pressure properties, e.g. a homopolymer of acrylic acid alkyl ester or a copolymer thereof with acrylic acid, a copolymer of styrene and butadiene, and a homopolymer or copolymer consisting of monomers having an active methylene group.
- the photographic material comprising emulsions according to the present invention may comprise an antistatic layer to avoid static discharges during coating, processing and other handling of the material.
- antistatic layer may be an outermost coating like the protective layer or an afterlayer or a stratum of one or more antistatic agents or a coating applied directly to the film support or other support and overcoated with a barrier or gelatin layer.
- Antistatic compounds suitable for use in such layers are e.g. vanadium pentoxide soles, tin oxide soles or conductive polymers such as polyethylene oxides or a polymer latex and the like.
- the photographic materials comprising emulsions according to the present invention are characterized by a neutral silver image tone, obtained after exposure and processing. It is well known that thin tabular emulsion grains may produce a brownish, yellow or even reddish image tone and therefore, tabular grains having an average thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m or more are preferred. On the other hand, a thickness between 0.20 and 0.3 ⁇ m may is not always preferred since thicker grains are characterized by a lower covering power of the developed silver, requiring a large amount of silver halide in the photographic material in order to obtain a satisfactory maximum density. Methods in order to prepare thicker tabular grains may however be applied as has already been described in US-A's 4,801,522; 5,028,521 and 5,013,641 and EP-A 0 569 075.
- the non-neutral silver image colour of materials comprising emulsions according to the present invention can be corrected by increasing the optical density in the red region of the visible spectrum by adding suitable dyes to the support or any coated layer.
- This non-image wise colour correction method has been disclosed in references as e.g. JP-A's 03100645; 01029838; 01312536; 03103846; 03094249; 03255435; 61285445; EP-A 0 271 309 and in US-A 4,861,702.
- This method however may result in an excessive base+fog density of the photographic material and therefore, an alternative way consists in an image-wise colour correction by using colour-forming developers, which are blue coloured in their oxidized form.
- JP-A 03153234; 03154043 and 03154046 Examples thereof are summarized in JP-A 03153234; 03154043 and 03154046.
- JP-A's 03156447 and 03157645 the adsorption of a blue coloured dye as a function of exposure has further been disclosed.
- Another method to improve the image tone of tabular grain emulsions according to the present invention consists of mixing them with cubic grains containing chloride as disclosed in EP-A 0 770 909.
- the photographic material comprising emulsions according to the present invention may comprise in an adjacent layer, but more preferably in the emulsion layer(s), a mercapto-substituted compound consisting of a group of atoms necessary to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- the compounds of the above formula are preferably added in an amount from 10 -6 to 10 -2 , more preferably 10 -5 to 10 -3 mole per mole of silver in the emulsion layer(s). Representative examples of these compounds are given in US-A 5,290,655.
- emulsions are thus provided for use in light-sensitive layers of a photographic material as e.g. a colour photographic material or a black-and-white photographic material, a micrographic film material, a film material for aviation photography, cinéfilm, hardcopy films, non-destructive testing materials, laser films, graphic and reprographic films, and radiographic film materials.
- a photographic material as e.g. a colour photographic material or a black-and-white photographic material, a micrographic film material, a film material for aviation photography, cinéfilm, hardcopy films, non-destructive testing materials, laser films, graphic and reprographic films, and radiographic film materials.
- Single-side or double-side coated silver halide photographic materials comprising a support and coated thereon one or both sides respectively one or more hydrophilic light-sensitive layers, wherein at least one of said layers comprises a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion according to the present invention are more particularly provided.
- said photographic material comprises on only one side of the support only one hydrophilic light-sensitive layer comprising an emulsion as disclosed herein, wherein light-sensitive tabular grains have a coverage of from 3.0 to 9.0 g/m 2 , more preferably from 5.0 to 9.0 g/m 2 , expressed as silver nitrate.
- the said material is particularly suitable for use in radiographic applications, and, more preferably, in mammographic applications wherein the desired contrast can thus be attained as set forth in the objects of the present invention.
- radiographic film materials are, according to the present invention, used in radiographic screen/film combinations comprising a light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material as disclosed hereinbefore together with a supporting or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screen, characterized in that said supported or self-supporting X-ray intensifying screen essentially consists of luminescent phosphor particles emitting green light.
- a radiographic screen/film combination is provided wherein said luminescent phosphor is Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb.
- a radiographic screen/film combination is provided wherein the total amount of coated silver halide in said film, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate, is less than 7.5 g/m 2 .
- an automatically operating apparatus For processing said film material after exposure with X-rays, preferably an automatically operating apparatus is used provided with a system for automatic replenishment of the processing solutions.
- the processing dry-to-dry within a short processing time of from 30 to 90 seconds and more preferably from 30 seconds to less than 60 seconds of materials coated from low amounts of silver is made possible by the steps of
- a normally used configuration in the processing apparatus shows the following consecutive tank units corresponding with, as consecutive solutions: developer-fixer-rinse water.
- developer-fixer-rinse water As consecutive solutions the sequence developer-fixer-fixer-rinse water-rinse water is preferred.
- One washing step between developing and fixation and one at the end before drying may also be present.
- a particularly suitable developer solution is the one comprising a reduced amount of sulphite and ascorbic acid which acts as a main developer and anti-oxidant as well and which is called "low-sludge" developer as has e.g. been described in EP-A 0 851 282 and in EP-Applications Nos. 98203412 and 98204079, filed October 8 and November 30, 1998, respectively.
- a particularly suitable fixer solution comprises an amount of less than 25 g of potassium sulphite per liter without the presence of acetic acid wherein said fixer has a pH value of at least 4.5, in order to make the fixer solution quasi odourless as illustrated in EP-A 0 908 764.
- preferred minimum regeneration or replenishment amounts are also from about 20 to 200 ml/m 2 , more preferred from 20 to 100 ml/m 2 and still more preferred from 20 to 50 ml/m 2 of developed material.
- aluminum ions are present in the fixer solution in order to effect hardening, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the fixer in the range from 4.2 to 4.6 in order to get the highest hardening reactivity and to suppress swelling with washing water in the washing or rinsing step.
- fixer pH For hardened materials having a swelling degree of the hydrophilic layers of less than 250 % and more preferably of less than 200 % it is not required for the fixer pH to held constant in the pH range from 4.2 to 4.6 as mentioned before: in order to reduce irritating smell from sulphite ions in aqueous acidic medium which lead to sulphur dioxide vapour it is recommended to enhance pH to a value of 4.65 up to 5.00.
- a process whereby the quality of the fixer remains at an optimum level has been described in EP-A 0 872 764.
- a radiological method for obtaining a diagnostic image for mammography comprising the steps of
- the same method is applied with respect to e.g. chest-imaging applications, apart for
- the preparation scheme was the same as for the preparation of tabular emulsion TC1, except for the first growth step wherein the double jet precipation was continued during another period of 22 minutes and 24 seconds instead of 33 minutes and 22 seconds as for TC1, while the flow rate of S1 was linearly increased up to 18.0 ml/min and while the flow rate of S2 was adjusted in order to maintain a pAg of 8.85.
- S1 was added at 7.5 ml/min during 10 minutes while introducing over the same period 147 ml of an aqueous solution of hexacyanoruthenate trihydrate (containing 0.419 g/l of the dopant) and S2 at a flow rate in order to maintain the pAg value constant.
- the chemical ripening was performed in just the same way (same amounts of chemicals and order of addition) as described for emulsion TC1.
- the dopant agent was thus added after a relative amount of precipitated silver of about 1/5 of the total amount, in an annular ring corresponding with a precipitated amount of about 5 % of silver nitrate added and before growing the tabular grains with an amount of about 75 % of the total amount of precipitated silver.
- (a) represents Polythioether A which is a modified poly-epichloorhydrine having an average chain length of approximately 20 monomer units and of which about 50% of the chloride groups have been replaced by a
- the photographic materials according to these examples comprise one emulsion layer and one protective layer.
- the coating solutions of the emulsion layers were prepared by adding solutions of the compounds indicated in Table 1 to the melted emulsion while stirring.
- the coating solution of the protective layer is given in Table 2. After adjusting pH to 6.7, the viscosity and surface tension of the coating solutions were optimised according to the requirements of the coating method.
- the emulsion layer(s) and the protective layer were coated simultaneously on one side of a substrated polyester support having a thickness of 175 ⁇ m by means of conventional coating techniques.
- the silver coverage of the emulsions was about 7 g/m 2 , expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate.
- Bis-vinylsulfonylmethyl ether was added in order to reduce the swelling degree of the unexposed material during 3 minutes in demineralized water of 25°C to 200 %.
- This Table 3 shows the sensitometric results in terms of fog F, speed S (figures multiplied with a factor of 100, measured at a density of 1.4 above fog: the lower the figure, the more sensitive is the emulsion), "toe” contrast (gradation) TG (measured between 0.1 and 1.4 above fog), overall contrast GG (measured between 0.25 and 2.0 above fog),and "shoulder” contrasts or gradation SG1 and SG2 (measured between 1.4 and 2.5 above fog and 0.8 and 1.6 above fog respectively),of the photographic strips prepared and exposed as set forth above. Contrast values have all been multiplied with a factor of 100. Matl.No F S TG GG SG1 SG2 TC1 0.03 157 183 241 287 285 TI1 0.04 137 285 375 432 420 TI2 0.03 150 312 405 449 466
- the presence in the light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsions more particularly in core-shell ⁇ 111 ⁇ tabular grains rich in silver bromide (pure AgBr core up to 1/3 of all silver precipitated; AgBr(I) in the outermost shell), of hexacyano ruthenate salt as a dopant (locally concentrated in a band corresponding with 5 % of silver nitrate precipitated, after precipitation of 20 % of the total amount of silver), in total amounts of 50 and 100 p.p.m. respectively leads to an increased contrast over the whole sensitometric curve without loss in speed versus a materials coated from tabular grains without said sahllow electron trap dopant having the same halide composition.
- S1 was added at a rate of 7.5 ml/min during 9 minutes and 50 seconds, while maintaining the pAg value at 7.68 when adding S3 (solution of 1.20 N of KBr and 0.018 N of KI) at a variable rate.
- a second growth step was performed wherein 1519 ml of S1 were added in 75 minutes (starting velocity 7.5 ml/min. was increased up to 33 ml/min. at the end). S3 was added in order to maintain the pAg at a value of 7.68.
- the preparation scheme was the same as for the preparation of tabular emulsion TC2 hereinbefore, except for the first growth step wherein the double jet precipation was continued during another period of 67 minutes and 16 seconds instead of 95 minutes and 10 seconds as for TC2, while the flow rate of S1 was linearly increased up to 11.25 ml/min and while the flow rate of S2 was adjusted in order to maintain a pAg of 7.68.
- a following (third) growth step was performed by introduction of solution S1 and solution S3 by double-jet addition at a starting rate of 7.5 ml/min. during 21 min. 28, linearly increasing from said 7.5 ml/min up to 35.44 ml/min maintaining pAg at a value of 7.68.
- the iodide content was 1 mol %.
- the chemical ripening was performed in just the same way (same amounts of chemicals and order of addition) as described for emulsion TC1.
- the dopant agent was thus added after a relative amount of precipitated silver of about 1/5 of the total amount, in an annular ring corresponding with a precipitated amount of about 5 % of silver nitrate added and before growing the tabular grains with the left amount of about 75 % of the total amount of precipitated silver.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00201598A EP1058150A1 (fr) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-05-03 | Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99201625 | 1999-05-25 | ||
EP99201625 | 1999-05-25 | ||
EP00201598A EP1058150A1 (fr) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-05-03 | Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1058150A1 true EP1058150A1 (fr) | 2000-12-06 |
Family
ID=26072190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00201598A Withdrawn EP1058150A1 (fr) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-05-03 | Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1058150A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5132203A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-07-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Tabular grain emulsions containing laminar halide strata |
JPH05341426A (ja) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-24 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤 |
JPH075605A (ja) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-01-10 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPH07234468A (ja) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-09-05 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真用乳剤と、これを用いた感光材料及び包装体と、乳剤の生産方法と、乳剤用ゼラチン |
EP0712033A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-09 | 1996-05-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsion améliorée et élément photographique |
EP0743553A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsions aux grains tabulaires |
-
2000
- 2000-05-03 EP EP00201598A patent/EP1058150A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5132203A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-07-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Tabular grain emulsions containing laminar halide strata |
JPH05341426A (ja) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-24 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤 |
JPH075605A (ja) * | 1993-06-18 | 1995-01-10 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
JPH07234468A (ja) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-09-05 | Konica Corp | ハロゲン化銀写真用乳剤と、これを用いた感光材料及び包装体と、乳剤の生産方法と、乳剤用ゼラチン |
EP0712033A1 (fr) * | 1994-11-09 | 1996-05-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsion améliorée et élément photographique |
EP0743553A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsions aux grains tabulaires |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199405, Derwent World Patents Index; Class E12, AN 1994-037623, XP002121375 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199511, Derwent World Patents Index; Class G06, AN 1995-078844, XP002121416 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199544, Derwent World Patents Index; Class G06, AN 1995-341180, XP002121415 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0933670B1 (fr) | Emulsion sensible à la lumière contenant des grains tabulaires riches en bromure d'argent dopés par des complexes de thiocyanate du rhodium | |
US5595864A (en) | Method for making tabular silver halide grains | |
EP0610609B1 (fr) | Matériau photographique à l'halogénure d'argent sensible à la lumière avec une qualité d'image améliorée pour traitement et des applications dans la mammographie | |
US6200743B1 (en) | Radiation-sensitive emulsion, light-sensitive silver halide photographic film material and radiographic intensifying screen-film combination | |
EP0712034B1 (fr) | Procédé à sensibilises spectralement des grains tabulaires à l'halogénure d'argent | |
US5965318A (en) | Photographic silver halide material for mammography | |
US6277552B1 (en) | Shallow electron trap dopants in silver halide tabular grain emulsions for use in medical diagnostic imaging materials | |
US6573019B1 (en) | Photographic silver halide photographic material for mammography | |
EP0678772A1 (fr) | Matériau sensible à la lumière comprenant des grains tabulaires à chlorobromoiodure ou chloroiodure d'argent | |
US6030762A (en) | Method of preparing {111} tabular silver chloro(bromo)iodide crystals | |
EP0569075B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la fabrication de grains d'halogénure d'argent tabulaires | |
EP1045283B1 (fr) | Emulsion sensible aux radiation, film photographique à l'halogénure d'argent sensible à la lumiére et structure radiographique combinant un film et un écran intensificateur | |
US6686142B2 (en) | Radiation-sensitive emulsion, silver halide photographic film material and radiographic intensifying screen-film combination | |
US6214531B1 (en) | Light-sensitive emulsion having tabular grains rich in silver bromide doped with thiocyanate complexes of rhodium | |
EP1058150A1 (fr) | Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains tabulaires comprenant des dopants capable de pièger des électrons peu profonds utilisable dans des produits pour la reproduction d'images diagnostiques médicales | |
US5795704A (en) | Method of hardener-free processing of a forehardened silver halide photographic material | |
EP0651284A1 (fr) | Précipitation de cristaux à l'halogénure d'argent comprenant de l'iodure | |
EP0843208A1 (fr) | Procédé pour la préparation de grains tubulaires riches en bromure d'argent en présence de gélatines spécifiques | |
EP0770909A1 (fr) | Matériau photographique multicouche à halogénure d'argent et son procédé de préparation | |
EP1103850B1 (fr) | Film radiographique avec pouvoir opacifiant amélioré et un ton de l'image noir-bleu | |
EP0709730B1 (fr) | Méthode de traitement d'un matériau photographique à l'halogénure d'argent | |
US6030757A (en) | Multilayer silver halide photographic material and image-forming method in industrial radiographic non-destructive testing applications | |
EP0610608B1 (fr) | Matériau photographique sensible à la lumière, à base d'halogénure d'argent, pour la restitution d'images médicales enregistrées par laser et méthode de traitement | |
EP1246005B1 (fr) | Matériau photographique à l'halogénure d'argent pour la mammographie | |
EP0890875B1 (fr) | Matériau photographique multicouche à l'halogénure d'argent et méthode de formation d'image pour applications à des fins de test non-destructif en radiographie industrielle |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010606 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE FR GB |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: AGFA-GEVAERT |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20060513 |