EP1052973A1 - Transmucosal formulations of levosimendan - Google Patents

Transmucosal formulations of levosimendan

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Publication number
EP1052973A1
EP1052973A1 EP98959930A EP98959930A EP1052973A1 EP 1052973 A1 EP1052973 A1 EP 1052973A1 EP 98959930 A EP98959930 A EP 98959930A EP 98959930 A EP98959930 A EP 98959930A EP 1052973 A1 EP1052973 A1 EP 1052973A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
levosimendan
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
mucous membrane
oral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98959930A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1052973B1 (en
Inventor
Kauko Kurkela
Martti Marvola
Ilkka Larma
Raimo Virtanen
Marianne Karlsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orion Oyj
Original Assignee
Orion Oyj
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orion Oyj filed Critical Orion Oyj
Priority to SI9830182T priority Critical patent/SI1052973T1/en
Publication of EP1052973A1 publication Critical patent/EP1052973A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1052973B1 publication Critical patent/EP1052973B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043—Nose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to transmucosal delivery of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, particularly delivery via oral and nasal mucosa.
  • the invention also relates to transmucosal, particularly intraoral and intranasal, e.g. buccal, sublingual or sinuidal, preparations comprising levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as the active ingredient.
  • Levosimendan which is the (-)-enantiomer of [[4-(1 ,4,5,6-tetrahydro- 4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]hydrazono]propanedinitrile (I), and the method for its preparation is described e.g. in EP 565546 B1.
  • Levosimendan is potent in the treatment of heart failure and has significant calcium dependent binding to troponin.
  • the use of levosimendan in the treatment of myocardial ischemia is described in WO 93/21921.
  • Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan in man after i.v. and oral dosing is described in Sandell, E.-P. et al., J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 26(SupplJ ), S57-S62, 1995.
  • levosimendan transmucosally preferably to oral or nasal mucosa.
  • the occurence of undesired side effects such as headache and palpitation connected to the oral administration of levosimendan can be reduced or totally avoided.
  • active metabolites formed in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal bacteria contribute to the observed undesired effects. The formation of metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract can be reduced or totally avoided by transmucosal administration.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for administering transmucosally, i.e. to and across a mucosal surface, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the mucosal surface is preferably oral or nasal mucosa such as the buccal mucosa, the sublingual mucosa, the sinuidal mucosa, the gum, or the inner lip.
  • the present invention also provides transmucosal, particularly intraoral and intranasal, e.g. buccal, sublingual or sinuidal, preparations comprising levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a therapeutically active ingredient.
  • the present invention also provides the use of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for transmucosal administration, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating heart failure comprising administering transmucosally, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, a therapeutically effective amount of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.
  • the present invention provides a method of administering transmucosally, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient, wherein the method comprises contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to deliver said levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the in vitro release of levosimendan from different mucoadhesive buccal preparations. Detailed description of the invention
  • the transmucosal administration of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be accomplished generally by contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to induce the desired therapeutic effect.
  • the drug is administered to oral or nasal mucosa such as the buccal mucosa, the sublingual mucosa, the sinuidal mucosa, the gum, or the inner lip.
  • the precise amount of the drug administered according to the invention is dependent on numerous factors, such as age and body weight of the patient, the condition of the patient and the desired duration of use.
  • the daily dose of levosimendan to human patients is within the range of about 0J to 500 mg, preferably 0.5 to 10 mg.
  • the blood concentration of levosimendan in human patients can be about 1-300 ng/ml, preferably 10- 150 ng/ml, especially 20-60 ng/ml.
  • the time period for administering levosimendan from a sustained release preparation such as an transmucosal patch is from about 4 to 24 hours, typically about 12 hours.
  • the source of the drug can be any transmucosal preparation suitable for administering levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the source of the drug is any preparation usable in oral, nasal, sinuidal or vaginal cavities that can be formulated using conventional techniques well known in the art.
  • Preferred preparations are those usable in oral or nasal cavities.
  • the preparation can be a buccal tablet, a sublingual tablet, a spray, and the like preparation that dissolve or disintegrate, delivering drug into the mouth of the patient.
  • a spray or drops can be used to deliver the drug to nasal or sinuidal cavities.
  • Said preparation may or may not deliver the drug in a sustained fashion.
  • the manufacture examples for such preparations are disclosed for example in U.S. patent 4,764,378.
  • the source of the drug is a mucoadhesive preparation.
  • a mucoahdesive preparation is a preparation which upon contact with intact mucous membrane adheres to said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to induce the desired therapeutic effect.
  • the preparation can be a semisolid composition as described e.g. in WO 96/09829. It can be a tablet, a powder, a gel or film comprising a mucoadhesive matrix as described e.g. in WO 96/30013.
  • the preparation can also be a syrup that adheres to the mucous membrane.
  • Suitable mucoadhesives include those well known in the art such as polyacrylic acids, preferably having the molecular weight between from about 450,000 to about 4,000,000, e.g. CarbopolTM 934P; sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), e.g. MethocelTM K100, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • CarbopolTM 934P sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), e.g. MethocelTM K100, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • the preparation can also be in the form of a bandage, patch, device and the like preparation that contains the drug and adheres to a mucosal surface.
  • Suitable transmucosal patches are described for example in WO 93/23011.
  • a suitable patch may comprise a backing.
  • the backing can be any flexible film that prevents bulk fluid flow and provides a barrier for to loss of the drug from the patch.
  • the backing can be any of the conventional materials such as polyethylene, ethyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane and the like.
  • the drug-containing matrix can be coupled with a mucoadhesive component (such as a mucoadhesive described above) in order that the patch may be retained on the mucosal surface.
  • a mucoadhesive component such as a mucoadhesive described above
  • Suitable configurations include a patch or device wherein the matrix has a smaller periphery than the backing layer such that a portion of the backing layer extends outward from the periphery of the matrix.
  • a mucoadhesive layer covers the outward extending portion of the backing layer such that the underside of the backing layer carries a layer of mucoadhesive around its periphery.
  • the backing and the peripheral ring of mucoadhesive taken together form a reservoir which contains a drug- containing matrix (e.g. a tablet, gel, or powder).
  • a drug- containing matrix e.g. a tablet, gel, or powder.
  • the barrier element is preferably substantially impermeable to water and to the mucosal fluids that will be present at intended site of adhesion.
  • a patch or device having such barrier element can be hydrated only through a surface that is in contact with the mucosa, and it is not hydrated via the reservoir.
  • patches can be prepared by general methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Preparations usable according to the invention can contain pharmaceutical ingredients, such as fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, solubilizing vehicles, flavours, dyes and the like. It may be desirable in some instances to incorporate a mucous membrane penetration enhancer into the preparation. Suitable penetration enhancers include anionic surfactants (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphate), cationic surfactants (e.g. palmitoyl DL camitine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride), nonionic surfactants (e.g.
  • anionic surfactants e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphate
  • cationic surfactants e.g. palmitoyl DL camitine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride
  • nonionic surfactants e.g.
  • polysorbate 80 polyoxyethylene 9-lauryl ether, glyceryl monolaurate, polyoxyalkylenes, polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether), lipids (e.g. oleic acid), bile salts (e.g. sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate), and related compounds.
  • lipids e.g. oleic acid
  • bile salts e.g. sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate
  • Example 1 Bioavailability of levosimendan following buccal and intravenous administration in dogs.
  • Bioavailability of levosimendan was studied in dogs following buccal and intravenous administration of 0.02 mg/kg of the compound. As experimental animals, three beagle dogs were used. At the time of dosing all animals weighed approximately 10 kg. The dogs were given levosimendan as an intravenous injection or buccal spray at one week intervals. Appropriate concentration (2 mg/ml in 96 % ethanol) of the compound was prepared in 10 ml amber glass containers sealed with spray nozzles (50 ā‡ l dose, Pfeiffer). The 0.02 mg/kg buccal dose was thus obtained by spraying 2 consecutive 50 ā‡ l doses to the buccal cavity of the animals (the dosing volume being thus 0J ml/10 kg). The iv dose (0J ml/10kg) was taken from the same bottles.
  • Levosimendan in dog plasma was determined by a non- enantioselective method, in which an automated sample preparation technique combined with high performance liquid chromatography was used.
  • the plasma clean-up was performed by on-line dialysis and the dialysate was retained on a trace enrichment column.
  • the analyte was then separated on an analytical column and detected with a UV-detector.
  • the limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml and the quantitation range 5-500 ng/ml.
  • the apparatus comprised a Gilson ASTED (Automated Sequential Trace Enrichment System) system (Gilson Medical Electronics, V Amsterdam-le- Bel, France).
  • the dialysis cell was fitted with a Cuprophan cellulose membrane with a molecular cut-off of 15 kDa and the trace enrichment column was a Hypersil ODS (5.8 x 4.6 mm i.d., 10 ā‡ m).
  • the chromato- graphic system consisted of an LKB Model 2150 pump (Bromma, Sweden) and a Lichrosorb RP-18 (250 x 4 mm i.d., 10 ā‡ m) column (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
  • the detector was a Spectra 100 UV-VIS (Spectra-Physics, San Jose, CA, USA). The wavelength was 380 nm.
  • the mobile phase consisted of a 32 ITIM monosodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran (45:65:1 , v/v/v, pH 3.5).
  • the mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.
  • Table 1 shows that levosimendan is rapidly absorbed into blood from the buccal spray and steady serum levels of levosimendan are obtained.
  • Example 2 Preparation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets and in vitro release experiment
  • Buccal tablets described above were prepared by mixing powders needed for a batch of desired size in Turbula mixer and pressing in a tablet press using 7 mm punchs and 5 - 8 kN compression force.
  • the thickness of the tablets was about 1.8 mm.
  • the release of levosimendan from the preparations was studied using the paddle method according to USP XXII.
  • the dissolution medium was phosphate buffer pH 5.8.
  • the rotation speed of the paddles 50 rpm.
  • Figure 1 shows the release (%) of levosimendan vs. time (h) from the buccal tablets of Table 2. All preparations acted as long-acting prepara- tions. Preparations I, II, III and V released levosimendan according to zero order kinetics up to 10 hours. The addition of NaCMC increased the release of levosimendan from buccal tablets. The figure shows that the position of the release curve may be systematically adjusted with the aid of amount and type of the mucoadhesive polymer.
  • the legends in Figure 1 mean ā‡ formulation I ā‡ formulation II D formulation III V formulation IV ā‡ formulation V

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Abstract

Described is a method of administering transmucosally, particularly to oral or nasal mucosa, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient. The method comprises contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to deliver levosimendan to the patient. Transmucosal preparations of levosimendan are also described. Levosimendan is useful in the treatment of heart failure.

Description

TRANS UCOSAL FORMULATIONS OF LEVOSIMENDAN
Background of the invention
The present invention relates to transmucosal delivery of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, particularly delivery via oral and nasal mucosa. The invention also relates to transmucosal, particularly intraoral and intranasal, e.g. buccal, sublingual or sinuidal, preparations comprising levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as the active ingredient.
Levosimendan, which is the (-)-enantiomer of [[4-(1 ,4,5,6-tetrahydro- 4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]hydrazono]propanedinitrile (I), and the method for its preparation is described e.g. in EP 565546 B1. Levosimendan is potent in the treatment of heart failure and has significant calcium dependent binding to troponin. The use of levosimendan in the treatment of myocardial ischemia is described in WO 93/21921. Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan in man after i.v. and oral dosing is described in Sandell, E.-P. et al., J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 26(SupplJ ), S57-S62, 1995.
N
Clinical studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of levosimendan in heart failure patients.
Summary of the invention
It has now been found that therapeutically effective and steady serum levels of levosimendan are rapidly achieved by administering levosimendan transmucosally, preferably to oral or nasal mucosa. Furthermore, it has been found that by administering levosimendan transmucosally the occurence of undesired side effects such as headache and palpitation connected to the oral administration of levosimendan can be reduced or totally avoided. It is now believed that active metabolites formed in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal bacteria contribute to the observed undesired effects. The formation of metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract can be reduced or totally avoided by transmucosal administration.
Accordingly, the object of the invention is to provide a method for administering transmucosally, i.e. to and across a mucosal surface, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The mucosal surface is preferably oral or nasal mucosa such as the buccal mucosa, the sublingual mucosa, the sinuidal mucosa, the gum, or the inner lip.
The present invention also provides transmucosal, particularly intraoral and intranasal, e.g. buccal, sublingual or sinuidal, preparations comprising levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a therapeutically active ingredient.
The present invention also provides the use of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for transmucosal administration, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Furthermore the present invention provides a method for treating heart failure comprising administering transmucosally, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, a therapeutically effective amount of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.
Furthermore the present invention provides a method of administering transmucosally, particularly to oral and nasal mucosa, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient, wherein the method comprises contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to deliver said levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the in vitro release of levosimendan from different mucoadhesive buccal preparations. Detailed description of the invention
The transmucosal administration of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be accomplished generally by contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to induce the desired therapeutic effect. Preferably the drug is administered to oral or nasal mucosa such as the buccal mucosa, the sublingual mucosa, the sinuidal mucosa, the gum, or the inner lip.
The precise amount of the drug administered according to the invention is dependent on numerous factors, such as age and body weight of the patient, the condition of the patient and the desired duration of use. The daily dose of levosimendan to human patients is within the range of about 0J to 500 mg, preferably 0.5 to 10 mg. The blood concentration of levosimendan in human patients can be about 1-300 ng/ml, preferably 10- 150 ng/ml, especially 20-60 ng/ml. The time period for administering levosimendan from a sustained release preparation such as an transmucosal patch is from about 4 to 24 hours, typically about 12 hours.
The source of the drug can be any transmucosal preparation suitable for administering levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Particularly, the source of the drug is any preparation usable in oral, nasal, sinuidal or vaginal cavities that can be formulated using conventional techniques well known in the art. Preferred preparations are those usable in oral or nasal cavities. For example, the preparation can be a buccal tablet, a sublingual tablet, a spray, and the like preparation that dissolve or disintegrate, delivering drug into the mouth of the patient. A spray or drops can be used to deliver the drug to nasal or sinuidal cavities. Said preparation may or may not deliver the drug in a sustained fashion. The manufacture examples for such preparations are disclosed for example in U.S. patent 4,764,378.
Suitably the source of the drug is a mucoadhesive preparation. A mucoahdesive preparation is a preparation which upon contact with intact mucous membrane adheres to said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to induce the desired therapeutic effect. The preparation can be a semisolid composition as described e.g. in WO 96/09829. It can be a tablet, a powder, a gel or film comprising a mucoadhesive matrix as described e.g. in WO 96/30013. The preparation can also be a syrup that adheres to the mucous membrane.
Suitable mucoadhesives include those well known in the art such as polyacrylic acids, preferably having the molecular weight between from about 450,000 to about 4,000,000, e.g. Carbopolā„¢ 934P; sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), e.g. Methocelā„¢ K100, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
The preparation can also be in the form of a bandage, patch, device and the like preparation that contains the drug and adheres to a mucosal surface. Suitable transmucosal patches are described for example in WO 93/23011. A suitable patch may comprise a backing. The backing can be any flexible film that prevents bulk fluid flow and provides a barrier for to loss of the drug from the patch. The backing can be any of the conventional materials such as polyethylene, ethyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane and the like. In a patch involving a matrix which is not itself a mucoadhesive, the drug-containing matrix can be coupled with a mucoadhesive component (such as a mucoadhesive described above) in order that the patch may be retained on the mucosal surface. Suitable configurations include a patch or device wherein the matrix has a smaller periphery than the backing layer such that a portion of the backing layer extends outward from the periphery of the matrix. A mucoadhesive layer covers the outward extending portion of the backing layer such that the underside of the backing layer carries a layer of mucoadhesive around its periphery. The backing and the peripheral ring of mucoadhesive taken together form a reservoir which contains a drug- containing matrix (e.g. a tablet, gel, or powder). It may be desirable to incorporate a barrier element between the matrix and the mucoadhesive in order to isolate the mucoadhesive from the matrix. The barrier element is preferably substantially impermeable to water and to the mucosal fluids that will be present at intended site of adhesion. A patch or device having such barrier element can be hydrated only through a surface that is in contact with the mucosa, and it is not hydrated via the reservoir. Such patches can be prepared by general methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Preparations usable according to the invention can contain pharmaceutical ingredients, such as fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, solubilizing vehicles, flavours, dyes and the like. It may be desirable in some instances to incorporate a mucous membrane penetration enhancer into the preparation. Suitable penetration enhancers include anionic surfactants (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphate), cationic surfactants (e.g. palmitoyl DL camitine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride), nonionic surfactants (e.g. polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylene 9-lauryl ether, glyceryl monolaurate, polyoxyalkylenes, polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether), lipids (e.g. oleic acid), bile salts (e.g. sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate), and related compounds.
The invention will be further clarified by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Bioavailability of levosimendan following buccal and intravenous administration in dogs.
Bioavailability of levosimendan was studied in dogs following buccal and intravenous administration of 0.02 mg/kg of the compound. As experimental animals, three beagle dogs were used. At the time of dosing all animals weighed approximately 10 kg. The dogs were given levosimendan as an intravenous injection or buccal spray at one week intervals. Appropriate concentration (2 mg/ml in 96 % ethanol) of the compound was prepared in 10 ml amber glass containers sealed with spray nozzles (50 Ī¼l dose, Pfeiffer). The 0.02 mg/kg buccal dose was thus obtained by spraying 2 consecutive 50 Ī¼l doses to the buccal cavity of the animals (the dosing volume being thus 0J ml/10 kg). The iv dose (0J ml/10kg) was taken from the same bottles.
5 ml of blood was collected from the cephalic vein at the following times after administration : 0, 10, 20, 40, min, 1 , 1.5 and 2 hours. Plasma was separated and stored frozen in -20 Ā°C until analyzed.
Determination of levosimendan in dog plasma
Levosimendan in dog plasma was determined by a non- enantioselective method, in which an automated sample preparation technique combined with high performance liquid chromatography was used. The plasma clean-up was performed by on-line dialysis and the dialysate was retained on a trace enrichment column. The analyte was then separated on an analytical column and detected with a UV-detector. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml and the quantitation range 5-500 ng/ml. The apparatus comprised a Gilson ASTED (Automated Sequential Trace Enrichment System) system (Gilson Medical Electronics, Villiers-le- Bel, France). The dialysis cell was fitted with a Cuprophan cellulose membrane with a molecular cut-off of 15 kDa and the trace enrichment column was a Hypersil ODS (5.8 x 4.6 mm i.d., 10 Ī¼m). The chromato- graphic system consisted of an LKB Model 2150 pump (Bromma, Sweden) and a Lichrosorb RP-18 (250 x 4 mm i.d., 10 Ī¼m) column (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The detector was a Spectra 100 UV-VIS (Spectra-Physics, San Jose, CA, USA). The wavelength was 380 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a 32 ITIM monosodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran (45:65:1 , v/v/v, pH 3.5). The mobile phase flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.
The results are shown in table 1.
Table 1. Levosimendan concentrations in dog plasma after buccal and intravenous (iv) administration.
Time (min) Levosimendan concentration (ng/ml)
Dog1 Dog 2 Dog 3
Buccal:
0 < < <
10 10 17 7.6
20 24 24 9.4
40 32 25 25
60 26 22 24
90 18 17 22
120 13 12 16 iv:
0 < < <
10 128 103 100
20 105 71 82
40 74 46 58
60 58 36 46
90 39 24 33
120 28 15 25 < means below quantitation range
Table 1 shows that levosimendan is rapidly absorbed into blood from the buccal spray and steady serum levels of levosimendan are obtained. Example 2. Preparation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets and in vitro release experiment
Five different mucoadhesive buccal tablet formulations of levosimendan were prepared according to Table 2. Table 2. Five different mucoadhesive buccal tablet formulations of levosimendan
Constituent Amount (mg)
I II III IV V
Levosimendan 2 2 2 2 2
HPMC K100 78 42.9 70.2 62.4 70.2
Lactose - 31 .2 - - -
Carbopolā„¢ 934P - 3.9 - - -
NaCMC ulv - - 7.8 15.6 -
NaCMC Iv - - - - 7.8 ulv = ultra low viscosity Iv = low viscosity
Buccal tablets described above were prepared by mixing powders needed for a batch of desired size in Turbula mixer and pressing in a tablet press using 7 mm punchs and 5 - 8 kN compression force. The thickness of the tablets was about 1.8 mm.
The release of levosimendan from the preparations was studied using the paddle method according to USP XXII. The dissolution medium was phosphate buffer pH 5.8. The rotation speed of the paddles 50 rpm.
Figure 1 shows the release (%) of levosimendan vs. time (h) from the buccal tablets of Table 2. All preparations acted as long-acting prepara- tions. Preparations I, II, III and V released levosimendan according to zero order kinetics up to 10 hours. The addition of NaCMC increased the release of levosimendan from buccal tablets. The figure shows that the position of the release curve may be systematically adjusted with the aid of amount and type of the mucoadhesive polymer. The legends in Figure 1 mean Ī” formulation I ā–  formulation II D formulation III V formulation IV ā–² formulation V

Claims

1. A transmucosal preparation comprising levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a therapeutically active ingredient, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
2. A preparation according to claim 1 which upon contact with intact mucous membrane adheres to said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to induce the desired therapeutic effect.
3. A preparation according to claim 2 said mucous membrane being oral, nasal, sinuidal or vaginal mucous membrane.
4. A preparation according to claim 2 or 3 which comprises mucoadhesive matrix.
5. A preparation according to claim 2, 3 or 4 which is in the form of a patch.
6. Use of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for transmucosal administration, particularly to oral or nasal mucosa, of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. A method for treating heart failure comprising administering transmucosally, particularly to oral or nasal mucosa, a therapeutically effective amount of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.
8. A method of administering transmucosally, particularly to oral or nasal mucosa, levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient, wherein the method comprises contacting an intact mucous membrane with a source of levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and maintaining said source in contact with said mucous membrane for a sufficient time period to deliver said levosimendan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the patient.
EP98959930A 1997-12-19 1998-12-11 Transmucosal formulations of levosimendan Expired - Lifetime EP1052973B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9830182T SI1052973T1 (en) 1997-12-19 1998-12-11 Transmucosal formulations of levosimendan

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI974578 1997-12-19
FI974578A FI974578A (en) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Method of administering levosimendan
PCT/FI1998/000977 WO1999032081A1 (en) 1997-12-19 1998-12-11 Transmucosal formulations of levosimendan

Publications (2)

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EP1052973A1 true EP1052973A1 (en) 2000-11-22
EP1052973B1 EP1052973B1 (en) 2002-04-03

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FI980901A (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-24 Orion Yhtymae Oyj Oral compositions that controlled release the levosimendan
FI20002755A0 (en) 2000-12-15 2000-12-15 Orion Yhtymae Oyj Method of therapy for erectile dysfunction
CN100428937C (en) * 2003-10-30 2008-10-29 北äŗ¬ęµ·åˆå¤©ē§‘ęŠ€å¼€å‘ęœ‰é™å…¬åø Levosimendan freeze-drying composition
FI20040674A0 (en) * 2004-05-12 2004-05-12 Orion Corp A method of inhibiting thromboembolic diseases
EP1848270B1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2014-05-21 Abbott Laboratories Transmucosal administration of drug compositions for treating and preventing disorders in animals
CA2596768A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Orion Corporation A method for treating heart failure
WO2007096906A2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Panacea Biotec Ltd. Novel buccoadhesive compositions and process of preparation thereof
CN101516426A (en) * 2006-09-27 2009-08-26 尼克čÆŗå§†č‚”ä»½å…¬åø Directional use
EP3941450A4 (en) * 2019-03-22 2022-12-21 Dbbh, Llc Intranasally administered antihistamines and uses thereof
WO2021001601A1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Orion Corporation Methods for administering (r)-n-[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]acetamide
CA3161960A1 (en) 2019-12-16 2021-06-24 Tenax Therapeutics, Inc. Levosimendan for treating pulmonary hypertension with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (ph-hfpef)

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GB2251615B (en) * 1991-01-03 1995-02-08 Orion Yhtymae Oy (-)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]hydrazono]pro panedinitrile
GB2266841A (en) 1992-05-06 1993-11-17 Orion Yhtymae Oy Compounds for use as anti-ischemic medicaments
US5688520A (en) * 1995-03-29 1997-11-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Transmucosal delivery of melatonin for prevention of migraine
GB9614098D0 (en) 1996-07-05 1996-09-04 Orion Yhtymae Oy Transdermal delivery of levosimendan

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AU738082B2 (en) 2001-09-06
KR100753689B1 (en) 2007-08-30
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HRP20000400A2 (en) 2000-12-31
FI974578A (en) 1999-06-20
HU226736B1 (en) 2009-08-28
ZA9811405B (en) 1999-06-11
JP2001526205A (en) 2001-12-18
DE69804678T2 (en) 2002-11-21
IL136415A (en) 2005-03-20
EA002197B1 (en) 2002-02-28
PL341202A1 (en) 2001-03-26
FI974578A0 (en) 1997-12-19
HUP0100452A2 (en) 2002-02-28
PT1052973E (en) 2002-09-30
IL136415A0 (en) 2001-06-14
AU1565699A (en) 1999-07-12
EE200000368A (en) 2001-10-15
US6399610B1 (en) 2002-06-04
YU36900A (en) 2003-02-28
EP1052973B1 (en) 2002-04-03
ES2175827T3 (en) 2002-11-16
NO20003059D0 (en) 2000-06-14
RS49889B (en) 2008-08-07
ATE215358T1 (en) 2002-04-15
KR20010033368A (en) 2001-04-25
CA2313618A1 (en) 1999-07-01
CZ296693B6 (en) 2006-05-17
NZ504806A (en) 2001-09-28
SK9062000A3 (en) 2000-12-11
PL191868B1 (en) 2006-07-31
NO20003059L (en) 2000-06-14
CA2313618C (en) 2008-02-05
DE69804678D1 (en) 2002-05-08
CZ20002155A3 (en) 2000-11-15
EA200000686A1 (en) 2000-12-25
EE04330B1 (en) 2004-08-16
WO1999032081A1 (en) 1999-07-01
BR9813641A (en) 2000-10-17
SK284838B6 (en) 2005-12-01
HRP20000400B1 (en) 2009-06-30
HUP0100452A3 (en) 2002-03-28
NO320050B1 (en) 2005-10-17

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