EP1049885A1 - Disk brake with high thermal resistance - Google Patents

Disk brake with high thermal resistance

Info

Publication number
EP1049885A1
EP1049885A1 EP99956117A EP99956117A EP1049885A1 EP 1049885 A1 EP1049885 A1 EP 1049885A1 EP 99956117 A EP99956117 A EP 99956117A EP 99956117 A EP99956117 A EP 99956117A EP 1049885 A1 EP1049885 A1 EP 1049885A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
thrust
disc
end wall
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99956117A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Didier Clement
Jean-Michel Garcia
Olivier Borgeaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Landing Systems SAS
Original Assignee
Messier Bugatti SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messier Bugatti SA filed Critical Messier Bugatti SA
Publication of EP1049885A1 publication Critical patent/EP1049885A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/28—Brakes with only one rotating disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0058—Fully lined, i.e. braking surface extending over the entire disc circumference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/64—Levers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a disc friction device for a drive shaft.
  • the field of application of the invention is slowing down or braking on transmission, in particular for heavy-duty road vehicles, for motor bogies of railway vehicles, or for industrial rotating machines.
  • Disc brakes are also known using discs made of thermostructural composite material, in particular carbon / carbon composite material (C / C) which offer very good friction behavior and a significant gain in mass compared with metal disc brakes. traditional.
  • C / C carbon / carbon composite material
  • disc friction devices made of C / C material has already been envisaged for retarders or brakes on the transmission of heavy goods vehicles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a disc friction device for braking or slowing down an engine or transmission shaft, which has a very small footprint while allowing the use of discs made of thermostructural composite material and d '' pneumatic control.
  • non-rotating housing having at least one end wall provided with a bearing for the rotary shaft
  • the housing has a cage shape in which are housed the thrust structure, the disc assembly and the support structure, and comprises a first end wall on the side of the thrust structure, a second wall of end of the side of the support structure and a peripheral wall provided with ventilation openings,
  • the actuating means consist of a pneumatic actuator mechanically connected to a central part of the thrust structure, through a central opening in the first end wall of the housing, and
  • Thermal insulation means are arranged between the disc assembly and the outside of the housing on the side of the end wall provided with the bearing for the rotary shaft, comprising at least one thermal barrier located at the level of the bearing.
  • the pneumatic actuator is fixed to the first end wall of the housing, on the side of the thrust structure, making the device compact.
  • the pneumatic actuator is fixed to the second end wall of the housing and is connected to the thrust structure by at least one lever, so that an amplification of the pressure delivered by the actuator is obtained.
  • H may be imparted to the central part of the thrust structure in the form of a recess housed in an axial passage surrounded by the discs, so that the mechanical connection between the actuator and the thrust structure extends at least in part in this axial passage, thus contributing to the compactness of the device.
  • the pushing structure can be formed by a pushing piece having a central part connected to the actuator and an annular peripheral part, and by a set of cups fixed on this annular peripheral part and pressing against the external face of the first disc. stator, thus limiting the contact surfaces, and therefore the heat transfer between the discs and the thrust structure.
  • the support structure can be formed by an annular support piece and a set of cups fixed on the support piece and pressing against the external face of the second stator disc.
  • the rotational connection between the rotary shaft and the or each rotor disc can be achieved by means of a part fixed on the shaft and provided with jumpers which penetrate into notches formed at the inner periphery of the or each rotor disc, the jumpers being made of a material which does not conduct much heat in order to limit the transfer of heat between the discs and the rotary shaft.
  • At least one heat shield located inside the housing between the disk assembly and the bearing for the rotary shaft.
  • the heat shield can be carried by the support structure.
  • the thermal barrier located at the level is for example constituted by at least one baffle imposing a tortuous path to the air along the level.
  • This thermal barrier advantageously combined with a thermal screen inside the housing, makes it possible to effectively oppose the transfer of the heat generated by the friction of the discs to the driving or transmission members coupled to the rotary shaft. outside of the housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view along the planes II of Figure 2 of an embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention, for bogie brake motor of rail vehicle;
  • - Figure 2 is a sectional view along the plane II-II of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 is a sectional view along the planes m-i ⁇ of Figure 5 of another embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention, for bogie brake motor of rail vehicle;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along the IN-IN planes of Figure 4;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing yet another embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention for a heavy-duty road vehicle transmission brake
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a detail view on a larger scale of the device in FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a first embodiment of a friction device according to the invention in an application for a motor vehicle bogie brake.
  • the friction device is mounted at the end of a drive axle shaft
  • H comprises a set of coaxial discs comprising three stator discs 21, 23, 25 alternating with two rotor discs 22, 24, located between a thrust structure 30 and a support structure 40, inside a housing 50.
  • the discs have the same axis A as the shaft 10.
  • the braking of the shaft 10 is carried out by mutual tightening of the discs 21 to 25 between the thrust structure 30 and the support structure 40 under the effect of a pressure generated by a pneumatic actuator 60.
  • the housing 50 has a first end wall 51 located on the side of the thrust structure, a second end wall 52 opposite the first and supporting the support structure, and a peripheral wall. This is materialized by bars 53 oriented parallel to the axis A and regularly distributed around it. The bars 53 extend between two rings 53a, 53b fixed by screws to the end walls 51, 52 and form between them lumens 54 in the axial direction.
  • the end wall 52 has a central opening in which is housed a bearing 11 for the shaft 10.
  • the bearing 11 comprises a sleeve housed in the central opening of the wall 52 and fixed to the latter by screwing a outer rim 1 la.
  • the connection between the shaft 10 and the rotor discs is ensured by means of a part 15 fixed to the shaft 10 by screwing its central part on the end of the shaft.
  • the part 15, or bowl has a plurality of branches 16 which extend parallel to the axis A.
  • a jumper 17 is fixed by riveting on each branch 16. The jumpers 17 penetrate into corresponding notches formed in the inner ring of the discs 22, 24.
  • the stator discs 21, 23, 25 have slots along their outer crown, separated by notches.
  • the bars 53 of the housing 50 penetrate into the notches of the stator disks, immobilizing the stator disks in rotation relative to the housing.
  • the latter is fixed to the bogie of the vehicle by its wall 52, by means of screws (not shown).
  • the pushing structure 30 comprises a pushing piece 31 having a central part 31a forming a recess housed in the axial passage 18 surrounded by the discs and the branches 16 of the connecting piece 15.
  • the central part 31a is connected to a peripheral part annular 31c of the thrust piece by a cylindrical part 3 lb_.
  • the peripheral part 3c of the pushing piece is located inside the housing 50, near the end wall 51.
  • each cup 32 is fixed by means of a screw 34 which applies the base 32a of the cup against the thrust piece with the interposition of a spacer 35.
  • Each cup which flares towards the external face of the stator disc 21 , is supported on it by its outer edge 3212.
  • the support structure 40 comprises an annular support piece 41 engaged on an internal shoulder 52â of the wall 52 of the housing and fixed by screwing thereon.
  • the support piece 41 carries two sets of cups? 42, 43 arranged in pairs, with their bases 42a, 43 back to back, being regularly distributed around the axis A.
  • Each pair of cups 42-43 is fixed to the part 41 by a screw 44.
  • the cups 42 are supported on the outer face of the stator disc 25 by their outer edges 42b, while the cups 43 are supported on the part 41 by their outer edges 43b, with the interposition of spacers 45.
  • the pneumatic actuator 60 is directly fixed to the end wall 51 of the housing 50 on the outside.
  • the movable part 61 of the actuator passes through a central opening in the wall 51 and is fixed to the central part 3a of the thrust piece 31. In this way, the space requirement is reduced to a minimum, the connection between the thrust piece and the actuator extending in the passage 18. It is important to limit the transfer of the heat generated by the mutual friction of the discs 21 to 25 in the direction of the shaft 10, in particular towards the bearings inside the bearing 11 and, beyond, towards the drive members (not shown), as well as towards the actuator 60.
  • a significant part of the heat is evacuated through the ventilation openings 54, at the periphery of the housing 50.
  • the transfer by conduction between the rotor discs 22, 24 and the shaft 10 can be limited by making the jumpers 17 in a material which is not very conductive of heat, for example also in stainless steel.
  • An additional heat shield may be provided in the form of a wall 70 whose profile has the shape desired to be housed in the space located around the shaft and delimited, on one side by the support piece 41, the wall 52 and the bearing 11 and, on the other side, by the discs and the connecting piece 15.
  • the wall 70 is held in position by its peripheral edge clamped between the cups 42 and the cups 43.
  • the wall 70 may consist of a sheet, for example made of stainless steel, or by several sheets spaced apart others by one or more air spaces or spaces filled with insulation.
  • the wall 70 is a multiple wall formed by two sheets 71, 72 applied one against the other at the ends and forming between them an air space 73 between these ends.
  • the heat transfer along the shaft 10 is limited by one or, as illustrated, several thermal barriers formed in the bearing 11.
  • a first barrier is formed by an internal rim of the bearing 12 which forms a lip llb_, inside the housing 50, cooperating with a ring 74 mounted on the shaft 10 and provided with a seal 75, protecting the bearing 13.
  • a second barrier formed by two rings 76, 77 with complementary profiles respectively integral with the shaft 10 and the sleeve 11 and imposing a tortuous path in the air.
  • two rings 78, 79 in addition to keeping the bearing 14 in its housing, have parts with complementary profiles which still require the air to follow a tortuous path.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of a friction device for motor bogie brake.
  • the common elements between this embodiment and that of FIGS. 1 and 2 bear the same reference numbers and will not be described again in detail.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 is distinguished in particular in that the actuator 60 is fixed to the end wall 52 of the housing 50 opposite that situated on the side of the thrust structure 130 and the pressure force exerted by the actuator is transmitted to the thrust structure via a mechanical lever connection.
  • the pushing structure 130 comprises a pushing piece 131 having a central part 131a of tubular shape and an annular peripheral part 131b connected to the central part. Cups 32 are fixed to the peripheral part 131b as in the previous embodiment.
  • the tubular part 131a can slide parallel to the axis A in a sleeve 55 housed in a central opening in the wall 51 and secured to a skirt 55â fixed on the end wall 51 of the housing 50 by screwing.
  • the actuator 60 has its body 62 articulated, on the side of its rear face, around an axis 63 carried by two legs 64 fixed on an extension of the end wall 52 of the housing 50.
  • the connection between the movable part 61 of the actuator and the central part 13 there of the thrust piece 131 is produced by means of two rods 65.
  • the rods are articulated on pivots 67 situated in diametrically opposite locations at the front of the movable part 61 of the actuator.
  • the links are articulated at the ends of a rod 68 which passes through opposite holes formed in the part 13 there of the thrust piece and extends perpendicularly to the axis A.
  • the rod 68 also passes through guide lights 56 formed in the sleeve 55 parallel to the axis A.
  • the links are articulated on axes 69 carried by lugs 57 secured to the sleeve 55.
  • a spacer 66 strengthens the set of two links 65.
  • the pivoting of the rods 65, 66 around the axes 69 causes the translational movement of the thrust piece 131, guided by the lights 56, and thereby, the application of a pressure force on the discs 21 to 25.
  • the links 65, 66 by leverage, amplify the pressure generated by the actuator.
  • the body 62 of the actuator pivots slightly around the axis 63.
  • H can be supported by means of an articulated cradle 58 mounted on a plate 59 fixed to the end wall 52 of the housing.
  • the cradle 58 has two forks 58a in which are supported lugs 62a located at diametrically opposite locations of the body 62 of the actuator, on the front side of the body.
  • connection between the shaft 50 and the rotor discs 22, 24 is produced by means of a part 115, the central part of which has the shape of a frustoconical sleeve 115a force-fitted onto an end part 10a of corresponding frustoconical shape of the 'shaft 10.
  • the sleeve 115a is immobilized axially by a nut 117 screwed onto the end of the shaft 10.
  • the sleeve 115a is integral with a plurality of branches 116 regularly distributed around the axis A.
  • the connection of the branches 116 with the rotor discs 22, 24 is achieved by means of jumpers 17 riveted on the branches 116 and penetrating into the notches of the inner ring of the discs.
  • the support structure 40 with the support piece 41 and the two sets of cups 42, 43, as well as the bearing 11, with the bearings 13, 14 and the thermal barriers located along the bearing, are identical to those of the previous embodiment.
  • a heat shield 170 is interposed between the disk assembly and the bearing 1 i inside the housing.
  • the screen 170 is multi-walled formed of two sheets 171, 172 separated by an air space 173.
  • the screen 170 is held by clamping its peripheral part between the sets of cups 42, 43. Its shape is such that 'It extends from the cups 42, 43, to the vicinity of the connecting piece 115.
  • An embodiment of a friction device according to the invention used as a transmission brake for a heavy vehicle is illustrated by Figures 5 to 7.
  • the transmission brake is mounted between a gearbox output shaft 202 and a transmission shaft 204 of common axis C which are linked in rotation by means of a connecting piece 206, or bowl.
  • the shaft 202 is supported by a central bearing 208 provided at the outlet of the casing 210 of the gearbox and comprising a bearing 212 housed between the end portion 210â of the casing 210 and a ring 214 mounted on the shaft 202.
  • the friction device comprises a set of three coaxial discs comprising a rotor disc 220 arranged between two stator discs 222, 224.
  • the disc set is housed inside a fixed housing 226, between a annular thrust plate 228 and a bearing surface formed by the bottom 226a of the housing 226.
  • the rotor disc of axis C has in its inner ring notches parallel to the axis C into which branches 206a formed at the periphery of the bowl 206 penetrate.
  • the support of the thrust plate 228 against the external face of the stator disc 222 is produced by means of a thrust structure 230, by means of cups 232.
  • the thrust structure 230 has a central part 230a in the form of ring through which the transmission shaft 204 is connected to an annular peripheral part 230 en in the form of a crown.
  • Each cup 232 has a base on which the crown 230c rests. with the interposition of a spacer 235 forming a thermal barrier.
  • Each cup 232 which widens in the direction of the push plate 228, bears on the latter by its outer edge.
  • the housing 226 is located inside a cage formed by the box casing 210, a plate 240 forming the end wall and on which a sleeve 244 is fixed by screwing, and longitudinal members 242 parallel to the axis C on which the plate 240 is screwed.
  • the sleeve 244 has a crown 244â against which the push plate 228 can come into abutment, with the interposition of a heat shield 250.
  • the sleeve 244 In its central part 244h, the sleeve 244 has an axial passage for the ring 230a of the thrust structure.
  • the sleeve 244 also has ventilation openings 244c.
  • a pneumatic actuator 260 is mounted on a plate 246 secured to the housing 226.
  • the movable part of the actuator is articulated at one end of a rod 262 in the form of a fork.
  • the terminal parts of branches 262 ⁇ , 262b. of the rod are engaged on lugs 263 integral with the ring 230â of the thrust structure and diametrically opposite.
  • the rod 262 is pivotally mounted on a pin 264 supported at its ends by flanges 248 carried by the sleeve 244 (see Figure 6).
  • the pivoting of the rod 262 around the axis 264 causes the displacement structure to move in translation and, via the cups 232 and the thrust plate 228, the application of a pressure force on the discs 222, 220, 224 which achieves the desired braking or deceleration by the connection between the rotor disc 220 and the axes 202, 204.
  • the rotational forces exerted on the bottom of the housing 226 by the stator disc 222 during braking or deceleration are taken up by bayonet connections 245 between the housing 226, at its axial end opposite the bottom, and the ring 244a of the sleeve, like the shows in detail Figure 7.
  • a significant part of the heat generated by the friction is discharged through apertures 226c formed at the periphery of the housing 226 and the openings 243 between the side members 242 ( Figure 6).
  • the cups 232 and the spacers 235 limit the heat transfer by conduction between the push plate 228 and the push structure 230.
  • the heat shield 250 limits the heat transfer by conduction between the push plate 228 and the sleeve 244.
  • the transfer by conduction between the rotor disk 220 and the bowl 206 can be limited by providing jumpers 206a with jumpers made of a weakly conductive material, as in the previous embodiments.
  • the bowl 206 On the gearbox side, the bowl 206 has a skirt 206b which surrounds the bearing part 208 of the casing 210 by engaging in a central opening in the bottom of the housing 226, and thus forms a thermal barrier by imposing a tortuous path on the air between the interior of the housing 226 and the interior of the housing 210.
  • the tortuous path can be completed by complementary profiles of the end of the bearing 208 and of the ring 214.
  • a lip seal 215 can also be mounted at the outer end of the bearing 208.
  • the heat transfer by convection can also be limited by means of a ring 213 fixed to the casing 210 and traversed practically without play by the shaft 202.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a friction device comprising a non-rotating housing (50) shaped like a cage wherein are housed a thrust structure (30), an assembly of coaxial friction disks (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) and a support structure (40), the housing having a peripheral wall provided with ventilation apertures (54). The friction device is actuated by pneumatic actuator (60) mechanically linked to a central part of the thrust structure, through a central opening of an end wall (51) of the housing. Heat insulating means are arranged between the disk assembly (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) and the housing outside on the side of the end wall provided with a bearing (11) for the rotary shaft (10), and comprise at least a thermal barrier (76-77, 78-79) located at the bearing (11).

Description

FREIN A DISQUES A HAUTE RESISTANCE THERMIQUE HIGH THERMAL RESISTANCE DISC BRAKE
Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention
L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de friction à disques destiné à un arbre de transmission. Le domaine d'application de l'invention est le ralentissement ou le freinage sur transmission, notamment pour des véhicules routiers poids lourds, pour des bogies moteurs de véhicules ferroviaires, ou pour des machines tournantes industrielles.The invention relates to a disc friction device for a drive shaft. The field of application of the invention is slowing down or braking on transmission, in particular for heavy-duty road vehicles, for motor bogies of railway vehicles, or for industrial rotating machines.
Arrière-plan de l'inventionInvention background
Les dispositifs ralentisseurs connus sont fréquemment de type hydraulique ou électromagnétique et posent des problèmes d'encombrement et de poids.Known retarder devices are frequently of the hydraulic or electromagnetic type and pose problems of space and weight.
On connaît par ailleurs des freins à disques utilisant des disques en matériau composite thermostructural, notamment en matériau composite carbone/carbone (C/C) qui offrent un très bon comportement en friction et un important gain de masse en comparaison avec des freins à disques métalliques traditionnels.Disc brakes are also known using discs made of thermostructural composite material, in particular carbon / carbon composite material (C / C) which offer very good friction behavior and a significant gain in mass compared with metal disc brakes. traditional.
L'utilisation de dispositifs de friction à disques en matériau C/C a déjà été envisagée pour des ralentisseurs ou freins sur transmission de véhicules poids lourds. On pourra notamment se référer au document FR-A-2 607 566, et à la demande de brevet FR 97 06 959. II a aussi été envisagé d'utiliser de tels dispositifs pour des freins d'essieux de véhicules ferroviaires. On pourra se référer notamment aux documents FR-A-2 626 541, FR-A-2 697 218 et EP-A-0 478 943.The use of disc friction devices made of C / C material has already been envisaged for retarders or brakes on the transmission of heavy goods vehicles. Reference may in particular be made to document FR-A-2 607 566, and to patent application FR 97 06 959. It has also been envisaged to use such devices for axle brakes of railway vehicles. Reference may be made in particular to documents FR-A-2 626 541, FR-A-2 697 218 and EP-A-0 478 943.
Pour des véhicules routiers poids lourds ou des véhicules ferroviaires, la réalisation de ralentisseurs, ou freins sur transmission, avec des disques en matériau composite thermostructural, sans faire appel à l'énergie hydraulique, est attractive.For heavy-duty road vehicles or rail vehicles, the production of retarders, or brakes on transmission, with discs in thermostructural composite material, without using hydraulic energy, is attractive.
Toutefois, il faut prendre en compte, d'une part, les fortes températures atteintes en friction par les matériaux composites thermostructuraux, en particulier les matériaux C/C et, d'autre part, la nécessité d'un niveau élevé des efforts à appliquer sur les disques pour obtenir l'efficacité souhaitée, et ce alors que l'espace disponible est souvent très restreint. Objet et résumé de l'inventionHowever, it is necessary to take into account, on the one hand, the high temperatures reached in friction by thermostructural composite materials, in particular C / C materials and, on the other hand, the need for a high level of the forces to be applied on discs to obtain the desired efficiency, and this while the space available is often very limited. Subject and summary of the invention
L'invention a pour but de fournir un dispositif de friction à disques, pour le freinage ou le ralentissement d'un arbre moteur ou de transmission, qui présente un encombrement très réduit tout en autorisant l'utilisation de disques en matériau composite thermostructural et d'une commande pneumatique.The object of the invention is to provide a disc friction device for braking or slowing down an engine or transmission shaft, which has a very small footprint while allowing the use of discs made of thermostructural composite material and d '' pneumatic control.
Ce but est atteint grâce à un dispositif, comportant :This goal is achieved thanks to a device, comprising:
- un boîtier non rotatif ayant au moins une paroi d'extrémité munie d'un palier pour l'arbre rotatif,- a non-rotating housing having at least one end wall provided with a bearing for the rotary shaft,
- un ensemble de disques coaxiaux annulaires dont au moins des parties de friction sont en matériau composite thermostrutural, les disques étant logés à l'intérieur du boîtier et comportant au moins un disque rotor solidaire en rotation de l'arbre rotatif et au moins deux disques stators situés de part et d'autre du disque rotor et immobilisés en rotation par rapport au boîtier,- A set of annular coaxial discs of which at least friction parts are made of thermostrutural composite material, the discs being housed inside the housing and comprising at least one rotor disc integral in rotation with the rotary shaft and at least two discs stators located on either side of the rotor disc and immobilized in rotation relative to the housing,
- une structure de poussée située en regard d'une face externe d'un premier disque stator à une première extrémité de l'ensemble de disques,a thrust structure situated opposite an external face of a first stator disc at a first end of the disc assembly,
- des moyens d'actionnement reliés à la structure de poussée, etactuation means connected to the thrust structure, and
- une structure d'appui supportée par le boîtier et située en regard d'une face externe d'un deuxième disque stator à une deuxième extrémité de l'ensemble de disques, dispositif dans lequel :- a support structure supported by the housing and located opposite an external face of a second stator disc at a second end of the disc assembly, device in which:
- le boîtier a une forme de cage dans laquelle sont logés la structure de poussée, l'ensemble de disques et la structure d'appui, et comprend une première paroi d'extrémité du côté de la structure de poussée, une deuxième paroi d'extrémité du côté de la structure d'appui et une paroi périphérique munie d'ouvertures de ventilation,- The housing has a cage shape in which are housed the thrust structure, the disc assembly and the support structure, and comprises a first end wall on the side of the thrust structure, a second wall of end of the side of the support structure and a peripheral wall provided with ventilation openings,
- les moyens d'actionnement sont constitués par un actionneur pneumatique relié mécaniquement à une partie centrale de la structure de poussée, à travers une ouverture centrale de la première paroi d'extrémité du boîtier, etthe actuating means consist of a pneumatic actuator mechanically connected to a central part of the thrust structure, through a central opening in the first end wall of the housing, and
- des moyens d'isolation thermique sont agencés entre l'ensemble de disques et l'extérieur du boîtier du côté de la paroi d'extrémité munie du palier pour l'arbre rotatif, comprenant au moins une barrière thermique située au niveau du palier.- Thermal insulation means are arranged between the disc assembly and the outside of the housing on the side of the end wall provided with the bearing for the rotary shaft, comprising at least one thermal barrier located at the level of the bearing.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, l'actionneur pneumatique est fixé à la première paroi d'extrémité du boîtier, du côté de la structure de poussée, rendant le dispositif compact. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'actionneur pneumatique est fixé à la deuxième paroi d'extrémité du boîtier et est relié à la structure de poussée par au moins un levier, de sorte qu'une amplification de la pression délivrée par l'actionneur est obtenue. H pourra être conféré à la partie centrale de la structure de poussée la forme d'un renfoncement logé dans un passage axial entouré par les disques, de sorte que la liaison mécanique entre l'actionneur et la structure de poussée s'étend au moins en partie dans ce passage axial, contribuant ainsi à la compacité du dispositif. La structure de poussée peut être formée par une pièce de poussée ayant une partie centrale reliée à l'actionneur et une partie périphérique annulaire, et par un ensemble de coupelles fixées sur cette partie périphérique annulaire et s'appuyant contre la face externe du premier disque stator, limitant ainsi les surfaces de contact, et donc le transfert thermique entre les disques et la structure de poussée.According to a first embodiment, the pneumatic actuator is fixed to the first end wall of the housing, on the side of the thrust structure, making the device compact. According to another embodiment, the pneumatic actuator is fixed to the second end wall of the housing and is connected to the thrust structure by at least one lever, so that an amplification of the pressure delivered by the actuator is obtained. H may be imparted to the central part of the thrust structure in the form of a recess housed in an axial passage surrounded by the discs, so that the mechanical connection between the actuator and the thrust structure extends at least in part in this axial passage, thus contributing to the compactness of the device. The pushing structure can be formed by a pushing piece having a central part connected to the actuator and an annular peripheral part, and by a set of cups fixed on this annular peripheral part and pressing against the external face of the first disc. stator, thus limiting the contact surfaces, and therefore the heat transfer between the discs and the thrust structure.
De façon similaire, la structure d'appui peut être formée par une pièce d'appui annulaire et un ensemble de coupelles fixées sur la pièce d'appui et s'appuyant contre la face externe du deuxième disque stator.Similarly, the support structure can be formed by an annular support piece and a set of cups fixed on the support piece and pressing against the external face of the second stator disc.
La liaison en rotation entre l'arbre rotatif et le ou chaque disque rotor peut être réalisée au moyen d'une pièce fixée sur l'arbre et munie de cavaliers qui pénètrent dans des encoches formées à la périphérie intérieure du ou de chaque disque rotor, les cavaliers étant en un matériau faiblement conducteur de la chaleur afin de limiter le transfert de chaleur entre les disques et l'arbre rotatif.The rotational connection between the rotary shaft and the or each rotor disc can be achieved by means of a part fixed on the shaft and provided with jumpers which penetrate into notches formed at the inner periphery of the or each rotor disc, the jumpers being made of a material which does not conduct much heat in order to limit the transfer of heat between the discs and the rotary shaft.
En outre, il est avantageusement prévu au moins un écran thermique situé à l'intérieur du boîtier entre l'ensemble de disques et le palier pour l'arbre rotatif. L'écran thermique peut être porté par la structure d'appui.In addition, there is advantageously provided at least one heat shield located inside the housing between the disk assembly and the bearing for the rotary shaft. The heat shield can be carried by the support structure.
La barrière thermique située au niveau du palier est par exemple constituée par au moins une chicane imposant un trajet tortueux à l'air le long du palier. Cette barrière thermique, avantageusement combinée avec un écran thermique à l'intérieur du boîtier, permet de s'opposer efficacement au transfert de la chaleur engendrée par le frottement des disques vers des organes moteurs ou de transmission couplés à l'arbre rotatif à l'extérieur du boîtier.The thermal barrier located at the level is for example constituted by at least one baffle imposing a tortuous path to the air along the level. This thermal barrier, advantageously combined with a thermal screen inside the housing, makes it possible to effectively oppose the transfer of the heat generated by the friction of the discs to the driving or transmission members coupled to the rotary shaft. outside of the housing.
Brève description des dessins Dans la description détaillée faite ci-après, il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels: - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe selon les plans I-I de la figure 2 d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction à disques selon l'invention, pour frein bogie moteur de véhicule ferroviaire ;Brief description of the drawings In the detailed description given below, reference will be made to the attached drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a sectional view along the planes II of Figure 2 of an embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention, for bogie brake motor of rail vehicle;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon le plan II-II de la figure 1 ; - la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon les plans m-iπ de la figure 5 d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction à disques selon l'invention, pour frein bogie moteur de véhicule ferroviaire ;- Figure 2 is a sectional view along the plane II-II of Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a sectional view along the planes m-iπ of Figure 5 of another embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention, for bogie brake motor of rail vehicle;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon les plans IN-IN de la figure 4 ;- Figure 4 is a sectional view along the IN-IN planes of Figure 4;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe montrant encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction à disques selon l'invention pour un frein de transmission de véhicule routier poids lourd ;- Figure 5 is a sectional view showing yet another embodiment of a disc friction device according to the invention for a heavy-duty road vehicle transmission brake;
- la figure 6 est une vue en perspective du dispositif de la figure 5 ; et- Figure 6 is a perspective view of the device of Figure 5; and
- la figure 7 est une vue de détail à plus grande échelle du dispositif de la figure 5.FIG. 7 is a detail view on a larger scale of the device in FIG. 5.
Description détaillée de modes préférés de réalisation On se réfère tout d'abord aux figures 1 et 2 qui illustrent un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction selon l'invention dans une application pour frein bogie moteur de véhicule ferroviaire. Le dispositif de friction est monté en bout d'un arbre d'essieu moteurDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First of all, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 which illustrate a first embodiment of a friction device according to the invention in an application for a motor vehicle bogie brake. The friction device is mounted at the end of a drive axle shaft
10. H comprend un ensemble de disques coaxiaux comportant trois disques stators 21, 23, 25 alternant avec deux disques rotors 22, 24, situés entre une structure de poussée 30 et une structure d'appui 40, à l'intérieur d'un boîtier 50. Les disques ont même axe A que l'arbre 10. Le freinage de l'arbre 10 est réalisé par serrage mutuel des disques 21 à 25 entre la structure de poussée 30 et la structure d'appui 40 sous l'effet d'une pression engendrée par un actionneur pneumatique 60.10. H comprises a set of coaxial discs comprising three stator discs 21, 23, 25 alternating with two rotor discs 22, 24, located between a thrust structure 30 and a support structure 40, inside a housing 50. The discs have the same axis A as the shaft 10. The braking of the shaft 10 is carried out by mutual tightening of the discs 21 to 25 between the thrust structure 30 and the support structure 40 under the effect of a pressure generated by a pneumatic actuator 60.
Le boîtier 50 a une première paroi d'extrémité 51 située du côté de la structure de poussée, une deuxième paroi d'extrémité 52 opposée à la première et supportant la structure d'appui, et une paroi périphérique. Celle-ci est matérialisée par des barrettes 53 orientées parallèlement à l'axe A et régulièrement réparties autour de celui-ci. Les barrettes 53 s'étendent entre deux couronnes 53a, 53b fixées par vis aux parois d'extrémité 51, 52 et ménagent entre elles des lumières 54 en direction axiale. La paroi d'extrémité 52 présente une ouverture centrale dans laquelle est logé un palier 11 pour l'arbre 10. Le palier 11 comprend un manchon logé dans l'ouverture centrale de la paroi 52 et fixé à celle-ci par vissage d'un rebord extérieur 1 la. Dans le palier 11 sont montés un roulement à billes 13 et un roulement à rouleaux 14 supportant l'arbre 10.The housing 50 has a first end wall 51 located on the side of the thrust structure, a second end wall 52 opposite the first and supporting the support structure, and a peripheral wall. This is materialized by bars 53 oriented parallel to the axis A and regularly distributed around it. The bars 53 extend between two rings 53a, 53b fixed by screws to the end walls 51, 52 and form between them lumens 54 in the axial direction. The end wall 52 has a central opening in which is housed a bearing 11 for the shaft 10. The bearing 11 comprises a sleeve housed in the central opening of the wall 52 and fixed to the latter by screwing a outer rim 1 la. In level 11 are mounted a ball bearing 13 and a roller bearing 14 supporting the shaft 10.
La liaison entre l'arbre 10 et les disques rotors est assurée au moyen d'une pièce 15 fixée à l'arbre 10 par vissage de sa partie centrale sur le bout de l'arbre. A la périphérie, la pièce 15, ou bol, présente une pluralité de branches 16 qui s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe A. Un cavalier 17 est fixé par rivetage sur chaque branche 16. Les cavaliers 17 pénètrent dans des encoches correspondantes formées dans la couronne intérieure des disques 22, 24.The connection between the shaft 10 and the rotor discs is ensured by means of a part 15 fixed to the shaft 10 by screwing its central part on the end of the shaft. At the periphery, the part 15, or bowl, has a plurality of branches 16 which extend parallel to the axis A. A jumper 17 is fixed by riveting on each branch 16. The jumpers 17 penetrate into corresponding notches formed in the inner ring of the discs 22, 24.
Les disques stators 21, 23, 25 présentent le long de leur couronne extérieure, des créneaux séparés par des encoches. Les barrettes 53 du boîtier 50 pénètrent dans les encoches des disques stators, immobilisant les disques stators en rotation par rapport au boîtier. Ce dernier est fixé sur le bogie du véhicule par sa paroi 52, au moyen de vis (non représentées).The stator discs 21, 23, 25 have slots along their outer crown, separated by notches. The bars 53 of the housing 50 penetrate into the notches of the stator disks, immobilizing the stator disks in rotation relative to the housing. The latter is fixed to the bogie of the vehicle by its wall 52, by means of screws (not shown).
La structure de poussée 30 comprend une pièce de poussée 31 ayant une partie centrale 31a formant un renfoncement logé dans le passage axial 18 entouré par les disques et les branches 16 de la pièce de liaison 15. La partie centrale 31a se raccorde à une partie périphérique annulaire 31ç de la pièce de poussée par une partie cylindrique 3 lb_. La partie périphérique 3 lç de la pièce de poussée se situe à l'intérieur du boîtier 50, à proximité de la paroi d'extrémité 51. L'appui de la pièce de poussée 31 sur la face externe du disque statorThe pushing structure 30 comprises a pushing piece 31 having a central part 31a forming a recess housed in the axial passage 18 surrounded by the discs and the branches 16 of the connecting piece 15. The central part 31a is connected to a peripheral part annular 31c of the thrust piece by a cylindrical part 3 lb_. The peripheral part 3c of the pushing piece is located inside the housing 50, near the end wall 51. The support of the pushing piece 31 on the external face of the stator disc
21 est réalisé au moyen de coupelles 32 fixées sur la partie périphérique 31c en étant réparties régulièrement autour de l'axe A (voir en pointillé sur la figure 2). Chaque coupelle 32 est fixée au moyen d'une vis 34 qui applique la base 32a de la coupelle contre la pièce de poussée avec interposition d'une entretoise 35. Chaque coupelle, qui s'évase en direction de la face externe du disque stator 21, prend appui sur celui-ci par son bord extérieur 3212.21 is produced by means of cups 32 fixed on the peripheral part 31c while being distributed regularly around the axis A (see dotted line in FIG. 2). Each cup 32 is fixed by means of a screw 34 which applies the base 32a of the cup against the thrust piece with the interposition of a spacer 35. Each cup, which flares towards the external face of the stator disc 21 , is supported on it by its outer edge 3212.
La structure d'appui 40 comprend une pièce d'appui annulaire 41 engagée sur un épaulement interne 52â de la paroi 52 du boîtier et fixée par vissage sur celle-ci. La pièce d'appui 41 porte deux ensembles de coupelle-? 42, 43 disposées par paires, avec leurs bases 42a, 43 a dos à dos, en étant régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe A. Chaque paire de coupelles 42-43 est fixée sur la pièce 41 par une vis 44. Les coupelles 42 s'appuient sur la face externe du disque stator 25 par leurs bords extérieurs 42b, tandis que les coupelles 43 s'appuient sur la pièce 41 par leurs bords extérieurs 43b, avec interposition d'entretoises 45. Comme le montre la figure 1, l'actionneur pneumatique 60 est directement fixé sur la paroi d'extrémité 51 du boîtier 50 du côté extérieur. La partie mobile 61 de l'actionneur, formant piston, passe à travers une ouverture centrale de la paroi 51 et est fixée sur la partie centrale 3 la de la pièce de poussée 31. De la sorte, l'encombrement est réduit au minimum, la liaison entre la pièce de poussée et l'actionneur s'étendant dans le passage 18. II est important de limiter le transfert de la chaleur engendrée par le frottement mutuel des disques 21 à 25 en direction de l'arbre 10, notamment vers les roulements à l'intérieur du palier 11 et, au-delà, vers les organes moteurs (non représentés), ainsi que vers l'actionneur 60.The support structure 40 comprises an annular support piece 41 engaged on an internal shoulder 52â of the wall 52 of the housing and fixed by screwing thereon. The support piece 41 carries two sets of cups? 42, 43 arranged in pairs, with their bases 42a, 43 back to back, being regularly distributed around the axis A. Each pair of cups 42-43 is fixed to the part 41 by a screw 44. The cups 42 are supported on the outer face of the stator disc 25 by their outer edges 42b, while the cups 43 are supported on the part 41 by their outer edges 43b, with the interposition of spacers 45. As shown in FIG. 1, l the pneumatic actuator 60 is directly fixed to the end wall 51 of the housing 50 on the outside. The movable part 61 of the actuator, forming a piston, passes through a central opening in the wall 51 and is fixed to the central part 3a of the thrust piece 31. In this way, the space requirement is reduced to a minimum, the connection between the thrust piece and the actuator extending in the passage 18. It is important to limit the transfer of the heat generated by the mutual friction of the discs 21 to 25 in the direction of the shaft 10, in particular towards the bearings inside the bearing 11 and, beyond, towards the drive members (not shown), as well as towards the actuator 60.
Une partie significative de la chaleur est évacuée à travers les lumières de ventilation 54, à la périphérie du boîtier 50. Les coupelles 32, 42, 43, qui offrent des surfaces de contact limitées, et les entretoises 35, 45, par exemple réalisées en acier inoxydable, tel que l'acier Al 51 316L, limitent le transfert par conduction entre les disques stator 21, 25 et les structures de poussée et d'appui, respectivement. Le transfert par conduction entre les disques rotor 22, 24 et l'arbre 10 peut être limité en réalisant les cavaliers 17 en un matériau faiblement conducteur de la chaleur, par exemple également en acier inoxydable.A significant part of the heat is evacuated through the ventilation openings 54, at the periphery of the housing 50. The cups 32, 42, 43, which offer limited contact surfaces, and the spacers 35, 45, for example made of stainless steel, such as Al 51 316L steel, limits the transfer by conduction between the stator discs 21, 25 and the thrust and support structures, respectively. The transfer by conduction between the rotor discs 22, 24 and the shaft 10 can be limited by making the jumpers 17 in a material which is not very conductive of heat, for example also in stainless steel.
Le transfert par rayonnement ou convection vers l'arbre 10 est limité par la pièce de liaison 15 qui forme un écran thermique à l'extrémité du passage 18. Un écran thermique supplémentaire pourra être prévu sous forme d'une paroi 70 dont le profil a la forme voulue pour être logée dans l'espace situé autour de l'arbre et délimité, d'un côté par la pièce d'appui 41, la paroi 52 et le palier 11 et, de l'autre côté, par les disques et la pièce de liaison 15. La paroi 70 est maintenue en position par son bord périphérique serré entre les coupelles 42 et les coupelles 43. La paroi 70 peut être constituée par une tôle, par exemple en acier inoxydable, ou par plusieurs tôles espacées les unes des autres par une ou plusieurs lames d'air ou espaces remplis d'isolant. Dans l'exemple illustré, la paroi 70 est une paroi multiple formée par deux tôles 71, 72 appliquées l'une contre l'autre aux extrémités et ménageant entre elles une lame d'air 73 entre ces extrémités.The transfer by radiation or convection to the shaft 10 is limited by the connecting piece 15 which forms a heat shield at the end of the passage 18. An additional heat shield may be provided in the form of a wall 70 whose profile has the shape desired to be housed in the space located around the shaft and delimited, on one side by the support piece 41, the wall 52 and the bearing 11 and, on the other side, by the discs and the connecting piece 15. The wall 70 is held in position by its peripheral edge clamped between the cups 42 and the cups 43. The wall 70 may consist of a sheet, for example made of stainless steel, or by several sheets spaced apart others by one or more air spaces or spaces filled with insulation. In the example illustrated, the wall 70 is a multiple wall formed by two sheets 71, 72 applied one against the other at the ends and forming between them an air space 73 between these ends.
En outre, le transfert de chaleur le long de l'arbre 10 est limité par une ou, comme illustré, plusieurs barrières thermiques ménagées dans le palier 11. Une première barrière est formée par un rebord interne du palier 12 qui forme une lèvre llb_, à l'intérieur du boîtier 50, coopérant avec une bague 74 montée sur l'arbre 10 et munie d'un joint 75, protégeant le roulement 13. Entre ce dernier et le roulement 14 est prévue une deuxième barrière formée par deux bagues 76, 77 à profils complémentaires respectivement solidaires de l'arbre 10 et du manchon 11 et imposant un trajet tortueux à l'air. Enfin, à l'extrémité extérieure du manchon 11, deux bagues 78, 79, outre qu'elles maintiennent le roulement 14 dans son logement, présentent des parties à profils complémentaires imposant encore à l'air de suivre un trajet tortueux.In addition, the heat transfer along the shaft 10 is limited by one or, as illustrated, several thermal barriers formed in the bearing 11. A first barrier is formed by an internal rim of the bearing 12 which forms a lip llb_, inside the housing 50, cooperating with a ring 74 mounted on the shaft 10 and provided with a seal 75, protecting the bearing 13. Between the latter and the bearing 14 is provided a second barrier formed by two rings 76, 77 with complementary profiles respectively integral with the shaft 10 and the sleeve 11 and imposing a tortuous path in the air. Finally, at the outer end of the sleeve 11, two rings 78, 79, in addition to keeping the bearing 14 in its housing, have parts with complementary profiles which still require the air to follow a tortuous path.
Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction pour frein bogie moteur. Les éléments communs entre ce mode de réalisation et celui des figures 1 et 2 portent les mêmes numéros de référence et ne seront pas à nouveau décrits en détail.Figures 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of a friction device for motor bogie brake. The common elements between this embodiment and that of FIGS. 1 and 2 bear the same reference numbers and will not be described again in detail.
Par rapport au dispositif décrit précédemment, celui des figures 3 et 4 se distingue notamment en ce que l'actionneur 60 est fixé à la paroi d'extrémité 52 du boîtier 50 opposée à celle située du côté de la structure de poussée 130 et l'effort de pression exercé par l'actionneur est transmis à la structure de poussée par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison mécanique à levier.Compared to the device described above, that of FIGS. 3 and 4 is distinguished in particular in that the actuator 60 is fixed to the end wall 52 of the housing 50 opposite that situated on the side of the thrust structure 130 and the pressure force exerted by the actuator is transmitted to the thrust structure via a mechanical lever connection.
La structure de poussée 130 comprend une pièce de poussée 131 ayant une partie centrale 131a de forme tubulaire et une partie périphérique annulaire 131b reliée à la partie centrale. Des coupelles 32 sont fixées à la partie périphérique 131b comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent. La partie tubulaire 131a peut coulisser parallèlement à l'axe A dans un manchon 55 logé dans une ouverture centrale de la paroi 51 et solidaire d'une jupe 55â fixée sur la paroi d'extrémité 51 du boîtier 50 par vissage. L'actionneur 60 a son corps 62 articulé, du côté de sa face arrière, autour d'un axe 63 porté par deux pattes 64 fixées sur un prolongement de la paroi d'extrémité 52 du boîtier 50. La liaison entre la partie mobile 61 de l'actionneur et la partie centrale 13 là de la pièce de poussée 131 est réalisée au moyen de deux biellettes 65. A une première extrémité, les biellettes sont articulées sur des pivots 67 situés en des emplacements diamétralement opposés à l'avant de la partie mobile 61 de l'actionneur. A leur deuxième extrémité opposée à la première, les biellettes sont articulées aux extrémités d'une tige 68 qui passe dans des trous opposés formés dans la partie 13 là de la pièce de poussée et s'étend perpendiculairement à l'?.xe A. La tige 68 traverse également des lumières de guidage 56 formées dans le manchon 55 parallèlement à l'axe A. Entre leurs extrémités, les biellettes sont articulées sur des axes 69 portés par des pattes 57 solidaires du manchon 55. Une entretoise 66 renforce l'ensemble des deux biellettes 65.The pushing structure 130 comprises a pushing piece 131 having a central part 131a of tubular shape and an annular peripheral part 131b connected to the central part. Cups 32 are fixed to the peripheral part 131b as in the previous embodiment. The tubular part 131a can slide parallel to the axis A in a sleeve 55 housed in a central opening in the wall 51 and secured to a skirt 55â fixed on the end wall 51 of the housing 50 by screwing. The actuator 60 has its body 62 articulated, on the side of its rear face, around an axis 63 carried by two legs 64 fixed on an extension of the end wall 52 of the housing 50. The connection between the movable part 61 of the actuator and the central part 13 there of the thrust piece 131 is produced by means of two rods 65. At a first end, the rods are articulated on pivots 67 situated in diametrically opposite locations at the front of the movable part 61 of the actuator. At their second end opposite to the first, the links are articulated at the ends of a rod 68 which passes through opposite holes formed in the part 13 there of the thrust piece and extends perpendicularly to the axis A. The rod 68 also passes through guide lights 56 formed in the sleeve 55 parallel to the axis A. Between their ends, the links are articulated on axes 69 carried by lugs 57 secured to the sleeve 55. A spacer 66 strengthens the set of two links 65.
Lorsque le fonctionnement de l'actionneur est commandé, le pivotement des biellettes 65, 66 autour des axes 69 provoque le déplacement en translation de la pièce de poussée 131, guidé par les lumières 56, et par là même, l'application d'un effort de pression sur les disques 21 à 25. Les biellettes 65, 66, par l'effet de levier, amplifient la pression engendrée par l'actionneur. Pendant son déploiement, le corps 62 de l'actionneur pivote légèrement autour de l'axe 63. H peut être supporté au moyen d'un berceau articulé 58 monté sur une platine 59 fixée à la paroi d'extrémité 52 du boîtier. Le berceau 58 présente deux fourches 58a dans lesquelles sont supportés des ergots 62a situés en des emplacements diamétralement opposés du corps 62 de l'actionneur, du côté avant du corps.When the operation of the actuator is controlled, the pivoting of the rods 65, 66 around the axes 69 causes the translational movement of the thrust piece 131, guided by the lights 56, and thereby, the application of a pressure force on the discs 21 to 25. The links 65, 66, by leverage, amplify the pressure generated by the actuator. During its deployment, the body 62 of the actuator pivots slightly around the axis 63. H can be supported by means of an articulated cradle 58 mounted on a plate 59 fixed to the end wall 52 of the housing. The cradle 58 has two forks 58a in which are supported lugs 62a located at diametrically opposite locations of the body 62 of the actuator, on the front side of the body.
La liaison entre l'arbre 50 et les disques rotors 22, 24 est réalisée au moyen d'une pièce 115 dont la partie centrale a une forme de manchon tronconique 115a emmanché à force sur une partie d'extrémité 10â de forme tronconique correspondante de l'arbre 10. Le manchon 115a est immobilisé axialement par un écrou 117 vissé sur l'extrémité de l'arbre 10. Le manchon 115a est solidaire d'une pluralité de branches 116 régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe A. Comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent, la liaison des branches 116 avec les disques rotors 22, 24 est réalisée au moyen de cavaliers 17 rivetés sur les branches 116 et pénétrant dans les encoches de la couronne intérieure des disques.The connection between the shaft 50 and the rotor discs 22, 24 is produced by means of a part 115, the central part of which has the shape of a frustoconical sleeve 115a force-fitted onto an end part 10a of corresponding frustoconical shape of the 'shaft 10. The sleeve 115a is immobilized axially by a nut 117 screwed onto the end of the shaft 10. The sleeve 115a is integral with a plurality of branches 116 regularly distributed around the axis A. As in the mode previous embodiment, the connection of the branches 116 with the rotor discs 22, 24 is achieved by means of jumpers 17 riveted on the branches 116 and penetrating into the notches of the inner ring of the discs.
La structure d'appui 40, avec la pièce d'appui 41 et les deux ensembles de coupelles 42, 43, de même que le palier 11, avec les roulement 13, 14 et les barrières thermiques situées le long du palier, sont identiques à ceux du mode de réalisation précédent. De façon similaire à ce qui est prévu dans ce dernier, un écran thermique 170 est interposé entre l'ensemble de disques et le palier l i a l'intérieur du boîtier. L'écran 170 est à parois multiples formé de deux tôles 171, 172 séparées par une lame d'air 173. L'écran 170 est maintenu par serrage de sa partie périphérique entre les ensembles de coupelles 42, 43. Sa forme est telle qu'il s'étend depuis les coupelles 42, 43, jusqu'au voisinage de la pièce de liaison 115. Un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de friction selon l'invention utilisé comme frein de transmission pour un véhicule poids lourd est illustré par les figures 5 à 7.The support structure 40, with the support piece 41 and the two sets of cups 42, 43, as well as the bearing 11, with the bearings 13, 14 and the thermal barriers located along the bearing, are identical to those of the previous embodiment. Similarly to what is provided in the latter, a heat shield 170 is interposed between the disk assembly and the bearing 1 i inside the housing. The screen 170 is multi-walled formed of two sheets 171, 172 separated by an air space 173. The screen 170 is held by clamping its peripheral part between the sets of cups 42, 43. Its shape is such that 'It extends from the cups 42, 43, to the vicinity of the connecting piece 115. An embodiment of a friction device according to the invention used as a transmission brake for a heavy vehicle is illustrated by Figures 5 to 7.
Le frein de transmission est monté entre un arbre 202 de sortie de boîte de vitesses et un arbre de transmission 204 d'axe commun C qui sont liés en rotation au moyen d'une pièce de liaison 206, ou bol. L'arbre 202 est supporté par un palier central 208 prévu en sortie du carter 210 de la boîte de vitesses et comprenant un roulement 212 logé entre la partie d'extrémité 210â du carter 210 et une bague 214 montée sur l'arbre 202.The transmission brake is mounted between a gearbox output shaft 202 and a transmission shaft 204 of common axis C which are linked in rotation by means of a connecting piece 206, or bowl. The shaft 202 is supported by a central bearing 208 provided at the outlet of the casing 210 of the gearbox and comprising a bearing 212 housed between the end portion 210â of the casing 210 and a ring 214 mounted on the shaft 202.
Le dispositif de friction comprend un ensemble de trois disques coaxiaux comportant un disque rotor 220 disposés entre deux disques stators 222, 224. L'ensemble de disques est logé à l'intérieur d'un boîtier fixe 226, entre une plaque annulaire de poussée 228 et une surface d'appui formée par le fond 226a du boîtier 226.The friction device comprises a set of three coaxial discs comprising a rotor disc 220 arranged between two stator discs 222, 224. The disc set is housed inside a fixed housing 226, between a annular thrust plate 228 and a bearing surface formed by the bottom 226a of the housing 226.
Le disque rotor d'axe C présente dans sa couronne intérieure des encoches parallèles à l'axe C dans lesquelles pénètrent des branches 206a formées à la périphérie du bol 206.The rotor disc of axis C has in its inner ring notches parallel to the axis C into which branches 206a formed at the periphery of the bowl 206 penetrate.
L'appui de la plaque de poussée 228 contre la face externe du disque stator 222 est réalisé au moyen d'une structure de poussée 230, par l'intermédiaire de coupelles 232. La structure de poussée 230 a une partie centrale 230a en forme de bague traversée par l'arbre de transmission 204 raccordée à une partie périphé- rique annulaire 230≤ en forme de couronne.The support of the thrust plate 228 against the external face of the stator disc 222 is produced by means of a thrust structure 230, by means of cups 232. The thrust structure 230 has a central part 230a in the form of ring through which the transmission shaft 204 is connected to an annular peripheral part 230 en in the form of a crown.
Chaque coupelle 232 a une base sur laquelle s'appuie la couronne 230c. avec interposition d'une entretoise 235 formant barrière thermique. Chaque coupelle 232, qui s'évase en direction de la plaque de poussée 228, prend appui sur celle-ci par son bord extérieur. Le boîtier 226 se situe à l'intérieur d'une cage formée par le carter de boîte 210, une plaque 240 formant paroi d'extrémité et sur laquelle est fixée par vissage un manchon 244, et des longerons 242 parallèles à l'axe C sur lesquels la plaque 240 est vissée. A sa partie périphérique, le manchon 244 présente une couronne 244â contre laquelle la plaque de poussée 228 peut venir en butée, avec interposition d'un écran thermique 250. Dans sa partie centrale 244h, le manchon 244 présente un passage axial pour la bague 230a de la structure de poussée. Le manchon 244 présente en outre des ouvertures de ventilation 244ç.Each cup 232 has a base on which the crown 230c rests. with the interposition of a spacer 235 forming a thermal barrier. Each cup 232, which widens in the direction of the push plate 228, bears on the latter by its outer edge. The housing 226 is located inside a cage formed by the box casing 210, a plate 240 forming the end wall and on which a sleeve 244 is fixed by screwing, and longitudinal members 242 parallel to the axis C on which the plate 240 is screwed. At its peripheral part, the sleeve 244 has a crown 244â against which the push plate 228 can come into abutment, with the interposition of a heat shield 250. In its central part 244h, the sleeve 244 has an axial passage for the ring 230a of the thrust structure. The sleeve 244 also has ventilation openings 244c.
Un actionneur pneumatique 260 est monté sur une platine 246 solidaire du boîtier 226. La partie mobile de l'actionneur est articulée à une extrémité d'une biellette 262 en forme de fourche. Les parties terminales des branches 262^, 262b. de la biellette sont engagées sur des ergots 263 solidaires de la bague 230â de la structure de poussée et diamétralement opposés. Entre ses extrémités, la biellette 262 est montée pivotante sur un axe 264 supporté à ses extrémités par des flasques 248 portés par le manchon 244 (voir figure 6). Lorsque le fonctionnement de l'actionneur 260 est commandé, le pivotement de la biellette 262 autour de l'axe 264 provoque le déplacement en translation de la structure de poussée et, par l'intermédiaire des coupelles 232 et de la plaque de poussée 228, l'application d'un effort de pression sur les disques 222, 220, 224 qui réalise le freinage ou ralentissement désiré par la liaison entre le disque rotor 220 et les axes 202, 204. Les efforts en rotation exercés sur le fond du boîtier 226 par le disque stator 222 lors du freinage ou ralentissement sont repris par liaisons à baïonnette 245 entre le boîtier 226, à son extrémité axiale opposée au fond, et la couronne 244a du manchon, comme le montre en détail la figure 7. Une partie significative de la chaleur engendrée par le frottement est évacuée à travers des lumières 226ç formées à la périphérie du boîtier 226 et les ouvertures 243 entre les longerons 242 (figure 6). Les coupelles 232 et les entretoises 235 limitent le transfert de chaleur par conduction entre la plaque de poussée 228 et la structure de poussée 230. L'écran thermique 250 limite le transfert de chaleur par conduction entre la plaque de poussée 228 et le manchon 244. Le transfert par conduction entre le disque rotor 220 et le bol 206 peut être limité en munissant les branches de liaison 206a de cavaliers en un matériau faiblement conducteur, comme dans les modes de réalisation précédents.A pneumatic actuator 260 is mounted on a plate 246 secured to the housing 226. The movable part of the actuator is articulated at one end of a rod 262 in the form of a fork. The terminal parts of branches 262 ^, 262b. of the rod are engaged on lugs 263 integral with the ring 230â of the thrust structure and diametrically opposite. Between its ends, the rod 262 is pivotally mounted on a pin 264 supported at its ends by flanges 248 carried by the sleeve 244 (see Figure 6). When the operation of the actuator 260 is controlled, the pivoting of the rod 262 around the axis 264 causes the displacement structure to move in translation and, via the cups 232 and the thrust plate 228, the application of a pressure force on the discs 222, 220, 224 which achieves the desired braking or deceleration by the connection between the rotor disc 220 and the axes 202, 204. The rotational forces exerted on the bottom of the housing 226 by the stator disc 222 during braking or deceleration are taken up by bayonet connections 245 between the housing 226, at its axial end opposite the bottom, and the ring 244a of the sleeve, like the shows in detail Figure 7. A significant part of the heat generated by the friction is discharged through apertures 226c formed at the periphery of the housing 226 and the openings 243 between the side members 242 (Figure 6). The cups 232 and the spacers 235 limit the heat transfer by conduction between the push plate 228 and the push structure 230. The heat shield 250 limits the heat transfer by conduction between the push plate 228 and the sleeve 244. The transfer by conduction between the rotor disk 220 and the bowl 206 can be limited by providing jumpers 206a with jumpers made of a weakly conductive material, as in the previous embodiments.
Du côté boîte de vitesses, le bol 206 présente une jupe 206b qui entoure la partie de palier 208 du carter 210 en s'engageant dans une ouverture centrale du fond du boîtier 226, et forme ainsi une barrière thermique en imposant un trajet tortueux à l'air entre l'intérieur du boîtier 226 et l'intérieur du carter 210. Le trajet tortueux peut être complété par des profils complémentaires de l'extrémité du palier 208 et de la bague 214. Un joint à lèvre 215 peut en outre être monté à l'extrémité extérieure du palier 208. Du côté intérieur du roulement 212, le transfert de chaleur par convection peut encore être limité au moyen d'une bague 213 fixée au carter 210 et traversée pratiquement sans jeu par l'arbre 202. On the gearbox side, the bowl 206 has a skirt 206b which surrounds the bearing part 208 of the casing 210 by engaging in a central opening in the bottom of the housing 226, and thus forms a thermal barrier by imposing a tortuous path on the air between the interior of the housing 226 and the interior of the housing 210. The tortuous path can be completed by complementary profiles of the end of the bearing 208 and of the ring 214. A lip seal 215 can also be mounted at the outer end of the bearing 208. On the inner side of the bearing 212, the heat transfer by convection can also be limited by means of a ring 213 fixed to the casing 210 and traversed practically without play by the shaft 202.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N SR E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1 Dispositif de friction pour le freinage ou le ralentissement d'un arbre rotatif moteur ou de transmission, comportant : - un boîtier non rotatif (50 ; 226, 244) ayant au moins une paroi d'extrémité munie d'un palier (11 ; 208) pour l'arbre rotatif (10 ; 202),1 Friction device for braking or slowing down a rotary motor or transmission shaft, comprising: - a non-rotary housing (50; 226, 244) having at least one end wall provided with a bearing (11; 208) for the rotary shaft (10; 202),
- un ensemble de disques coaxiaux annulaires (21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ; 222, 220, 224) dont au moins des parties de friction sont en matériau composite thermostrutural, les disques étant logés à l'intérieur du boîtier et comportant au moins un disque rotor (22, 24 ; 220) solidaire en rotation de l'arbre rotatif et au moins deux disques stators (21, 23, 25 ; 222, 224) situés de part et d'autre du disque rotor et immobilisés en rotation par rapport au boîtier,- a set of annular coaxial discs (21, 22, 23, 24, 25; 222, 220, 224) of which at least friction parts are made of thermostrutural composite material, the discs being housed inside the housing and comprising at at least one rotor disc (22, 24; 220) integral in rotation with the rotary shaft and at least two stator discs (21, 23, 25; 222, 224) located on either side of the rotor disc and immobilized in rotation relative to the housing,
- une structure de poussée (30 ; 130 ; 230, 228) située en regard d'une face externe d'un premier disque stator (21 ; 222) à une première extrémité de l'ensemble de disques,a thrust structure (30; 130; 230, 228) situated opposite an external face of a first stator disc (21; 222) at a first end of the disc assembly,
- des moyens d'actionnement (60 ; 260) reliés à la structure de poussée, et- actuation means (60; 260) connected to the thrust structure, and
- une structure d'appui (40 ; 226a) supportée par le boîtier et située en regard d'une face externe d'un deuxième disque stator (23 ; 224) à une deuxième extrémité de l'ensemble de disques, caractérisé en ce que :- a support structure (40; 226a) supported by the housing and located opposite an external face of a second stator disc (23; 224) at a second end of the disc assembly, characterized in that :
- le boîtier (50 ; 226, 244) a une forme de cage dans laquelle sont logés la structure de poussée (30 ; 130 ; 230, 228), l'ensemble de disques (21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ; 222, 220, 224) et la structure d'appui (40 ; 226â), et comprend une première paroi d'extrémité (51 ; 244) du côté de la structure de poussée, une deuxième paroi d'extrémité (52 ; 226â) du côté de la structure d'appui et une paroi périphérique munie d'ouvertures de ventilation (54 ; 226c),- the housing (50; 226, 244) has a cage shape in which are housed the thrust structure (30; 130; 230, 228), the disc assembly (21, 22, 23, 24, 25; 222 , 220, 224) and the support structure (40; 226â), and comprises a first end wall (51; 244) on the side of the thrust structure, a second end wall (52; 226â) of the side of the support structure and a peripheral wall provided with ventilation openings (54; 226c),
- les moyens d'actionnement sont constitués par un actionneur pneumatique (60 ; 260) relié mécaniquement à une partie centrale de la structure de poussée, à travers une ouverture centrale de la première paroi d'extrémité (51 ;- the actuation means consist of a pneumatic actuator (60; 260) mechanically connected to a central part of the thrust structure, through a central opening in the first end wall (51;
244) du boîtier, et244) of the housing, and
- des moyens d'isolation thermique sont agencés entre l'ensemble de disques (21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ; 222, 220, 224) et l'extérieur du boîtier du côté de la paroi d'extrémité munie du palier (11 ; 208) pour l'arbre rotatif, comprenant au moins une barrière thermique (76-77, 78-79 ; 226 - 206b ; 206b_ - 208)) située au niveau du palier (11 ; 208). - thermal insulation means are arranged between the disc assembly (21, 22, 23, 24, 25; 222, 220, 224) and the exterior of the housing on the side of the end wall provided with the bearing ( 11; 208) for the rotary shaft, comprising at least one thermal barrier (76-77, 78-79; 226 - 206b; 206b_ - 208)) located at the level of the bearing (11; 208).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur pneumatique (60) est fixé à la première paroi d'extrémité (51) du boîtier.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic actuator (60) is fixed to the first end wall (51) of the housing.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur pneumatique (60) est fixé à la deuxième paroi d'extrémité (52) du boîtier. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic actuator (60) is fixed to the second end wall (52) of the housing.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur pneumatique (60 ; 260) est relié à la partie centrale de la structure de poussée (130) par au moins un levier (65).4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pneumatic actuator (60; 260) is connected to the central part of the thrust structure (130) by at least one lever (65).
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la partie centrale de la structure de poussée forme un renfoncement (31a) qui est logé à l'intérieur d'un passage axial (18) entouré par les disques, de sorte que la liaison mécanique entre l'actionneur (60) et la structure de poussée s'étend au moins en partie dans ledit passage axial.5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the central part of the thrust structure forms a recess (31a) which is housed inside an axial passage (18) surrounded by the discs, so that the mechanical connection between the actuator (60) and the thrust structure extends at least partially in said axial passage.
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la structure de poussée comprend une pièce de poussée (31 ; 131 ; 230) ayant une partie centrale reliée à l'actionneur et une partie périphérique annulaire (31b ; 131b ; 231b) et un ensemble de coupelles (32 ; 232) fixées sur la partie périphérique annulaire de la pièce de poussée et s'appuyant contre la face externe du premier disque stator (21 ; 222).6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the thrust structure comprises a thrust piece (31; 131; 230) having a central part connected to the actuator and an annular peripheral part (31b ; 131b; 231b) and a set of cups (32; 232) fixed on the annular peripheral part of the thrust piece and pressing against the external face of the first stator disc (21; 222).
7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caracté- risé en ce que la structure d'appui comprend une pièce d'appui annulaire (41) et un ensemble de coupelles (42, 43) fixées sur la pièce d'appui annulaire et s'appuyant contre la face externe du deuxième disque stator (25).7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support structure comprises an annular support piece (41) and a set of cups (42, 43) fixed on the piece d 'annular support and pressing against the external face of the second stator disc (25).
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou chaque disque rotor (22, 24) présente des encoches à sa périphérie intérieure et est relié à l'arbre rotatif par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce (15 ; 115) fixée sur l'arbre et munie de cavaliers (17) qui pénètrent dans les encoches et qui sont en un matériau faiblement conducteur de la chaleur.8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the or each rotor disc (22, 24) has notches at its inner periphery and is connected to the rotary shaft by means of a part (15; 115) fixed on the shaft and provided with jumpers (17) which penetrate into the notches and which are made of a material which is slightly conductive of heat.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'isolation thermique comprennent en outre au moins un écran thermique (70 ; 170) situé à l'intérieur du boîtier (50) entre l'ensemble de disques (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) et le palier (11) pour l'arbre rotatif.9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thermal insulation means further comprise at least one heat shield (70; 170) located inside the housing (50) between the set of discs (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) and the bearing (11) for the rotary shaft.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'écran thermique (70 ; 170) est porté par la structure d'appui (40).10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat shield (70; 170) is carried by the support structure (40).
11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la barrière thermique située au niveau du palier est constituée par au moins une chicane (76-77, 78-79 ; 226-206b, 206b-208) imposant un trajet tortueux à l'air circulant le long du palier. 11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the thermal barrier located at the level of the bearing is constituted by at least one baffle (76-77, 78-79; 226-206b, 206b-208) imposing a tortuous path for the air circulating along the landing.
EP99956117A 1998-11-25 1999-11-23 Disk brake with high thermal resistance Withdrawn EP1049885A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9814824A FR2786239B1 (en) 1998-11-25 1998-11-25 PNEUMATICALLY CONTROLLED DISC FRICTION DEVICE FOR TRANSMISSION
FR9814824 1998-11-25
PCT/FR1999/002875 WO2000031430A1 (en) 1998-11-25 1999-11-23 Disk brake with high thermal resistance

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JP (1) JP2002530605A (en)
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FR2786239A1 (en) 2000-05-26
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WO2000031430A1 (en) 2000-06-02
FR2786239B1 (en) 2001-02-16

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