EP1045089B1 - Structure de maçonnerie et procédé de renforcement associé - Google Patents
Structure de maçonnerie et procédé de renforcement associé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1045089B1 EP1045089B1 EP00401040A EP00401040A EP1045089B1 EP 1045089 B1 EP1045089 B1 EP 1045089B1 EP 00401040 A EP00401040 A EP 00401040A EP 00401040 A EP00401040 A EP 00401040A EP 1045089 B1 EP1045089 B1 EP 1045089B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- masonry structure
- reinforcing element
- arch
- vault
- masonry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0233—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of vaulted or arched building elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of reinforcement of masonry structures comprising at least one arc extending between two support points, for example example a vault element or a cross member, comprising a plurality of mutually compressive parts.
- the restoration of a vault or a carrier arch in the event of cracking, degradation, deformation may be carried out, either by slurry of lime, the success of this process being random, by replacing the degraded or broken elements requiring scaffolding, even a reconstruction of the structure.
- the present invention aims to remedy disadvantages of known methods.
- the present invention aims to propose a method of reinforcement of masonry structure for easy and fast implementation and inexpensive, while respecting the elements that should not be modified by reinforcement.
- the reinforcement method according to the invention is intended for a masonry structure comprising at least one arc extending between at least two support points distinct and comprising a plurality of mutually compression, each piece is now by friction on the parts adjacent.
- the element is secured with a vault of the masonry structure.
- vault means a portion of a vault bounded by ridges or ribs occupying the place of ridges.
- the structure of masonry comprising at least one arc formed of juxtaposed clavels, the element is secured to said arc.
- a vault of the Masonry structure can be caught between the bow and the element.
- the claveaux are supported by the element.
- the constraints of compression are distributed at least between the claveaux and the element. They can be divided between the claveaux, the vault of the masonry structure and element.
- the constraints compression are distributed between a roof of the structure of masonry and the element.
- the masonry structure and the reinforcing element by means of needles sealed in drilled holes in the masonry structure and protruding into the working element.
- the masonry structure comprising at least one arc according to the invention extends between two ful points and includes a plurality of pieces mutually compression. Each piece is held by friction on the parts adjacent.
- the structure comprises a reinforcement element made in materials with coefficients of expansion and elasticity close to those of the material constituting the masonry structure.
- the element of reinforcement is disposed on an upper surface of said structure of masonry to the right of the arc and is secured to said masonry structure.
- Reinforcement is achieved by increasing the section working of the structure.
- the working element has a section variable adapted to the said efforts and thus allowing a reduction of amount of material used for the realization of the working element and therefore a reduction of the cost.
- This increase of the section working environment makes it possible to reduce the constraints on the existing elements. It can even be expected that the working element will take up all the efforts and supports the parts of the masonry structure. We will be able to then provide a separation member between the working element and the existing structure, for example a sheet of felt, polyane or any other compatible material with sufficient resilience.
- the working element can be of width equal to that arc of the masonry structure or of a width greater than that of the bow, in order to increase its transverse rigidity.
- the working element may be provided on part of the surface of the existing structure, for example on some arches of a vault, on portions of arch of a vault, in console between a vault and a wall, etc.
- a plurality of rods reinforcement are embedded in the reinforcing element.
- the element of reinforcement is completed by a beam element, the element of reinforcement and the beam element being integral.
- the reinforcing element is under the form of at least one flat beam secured to at least a portion of the said masonry structure, by means of tie rods.
- At least a part of the said masonry structure is provided with tie rods capable of distributing at least part of the load towards points of support, each pulling being secured with the said part of the masonry structure and with a fulcrum.
- a tie rod is sealed in a fulcrum provided with means of distribution of the efforts of traction exerted by the said pulling.
- the means of distribution of a point of support may be formed by at least one reinforcing bar substantially perpendicular to the tie secured to said fulcrum.
- part of the so-called masonry structure, subjected to transverse tensile forces is reinforced by crossed frames to form a traction zone homogeneous, which may include a bow part, a pillar part and a part of the intermediate block between intrados and extrados.
- the working element a material presenting a Young's modulus more or less close to that of the existing structure according to the load transfer that we wish between the existing structure and the reinforcement.
- the needles to secure the parts of the structure existing masonry and the working element are made from materials with good mechanical properties and little sensitivity to corrosion, for example fiberglass, carbon, aramid fibers. These needles are sealed in the existing structure by means of a synthetic resin, for example epoxy, filled or not with sand.
- the invention is perfectly adapted to reinforcement vaults with semicircular arches, horseshoe or not, with broken arches, basket-shaped arches, creeping arches or multilobed arches, resting on walls or pillars, and reinforcement of a masonry structure right of the kind crosses or lintel made in several pieces working in compression.
- FIG 1 there is shown the principle of a cross vault of warheads comprising two mutually perpendicular arches 1 and 2 and crossing in their centers.
- the vault is limited on its edges 3 to 6, either by walls, either by double arches or arches.
- the invention applies to all types of masonry structure resting on two points of support and working in compression, by example a vault according to Figure 1 or 2, or other types of vaults, vault of sexpartite warheads, flat vaults, or straight structure working in compression, regardless of the material in which the structure, bricks, different types of stones, granite, sandstone, limestone, etc.
- FIG 3 we see a portion of stone vault 10 supported by a side 11 surmounted by a side wall 12.
- the portion of vault 10 comprises an arc 13 formed of a succession of clavels 14 juxtaposed and whose separation planes pass through the axis of the vault 10.
- Each keyway 14 is placed in compression between the neighboring clavels and neighboring knuckles and the load of the vault. 14 are usually provided with mortar joints ensuring maximum friction between the different bells 14.
- the vault 10 also includes a vaulted portion bounded by arches and 15.
- the vault 15 is of reduced thickness compared to the arc 13 on which it rests.
- the intrados 16 of the vault 10 is visible to the public, whereas the upper surface is not, being covered with a floor or a roof.
- a working element 18, made of synthetic mortar, is cast on the extrados 17 of the vault 10 to the right of the bow 13.
- the working element 18 is firmly attached to with each key 14 by means of needles 19, for example resin epoxy filled with glass fibers.
- each keyway 14 is hollowed out less a blind hole in which we just have a needle 19 that we sealed by means of a synthetic resin composition, for example epoxide.
- a part of the needle 19 is left protruding from the 14.
- the depth of the blind hole and therefore the length of sealing of the needle 19 are determined according to the load at supported by said needle 19. In case of very heavy load, it can provide several needles 19 per key 14.
- the section of the working element 18 is calculated according to the constraints of compression to be supported.
- the working element 18 can be at variable section to adapt to the variations of the constraints.
- the element working 18 reduces the constraints to be supported by the existing elements.
- the compression constraints between the working element 18 and the arc 13 as can be seen in FIG. synthetic mortar for forming the working element 18 is then directly cast on the claveaux 14 to promote good adhesion between these two elements.
- Reinforcement frames 27 can be embedded in the working element 18 to increase its characteristics mechanical.
- the frames 27 may be made of material synthetic material, of the epoxy resin type reinforced with glass fibers or carbon.
- the working element 18 In other cases, for example if the vault is strongly degraded, the working element 18 must take up all the constraints of compression and support each keystone 14 of the bow 13. a separator 20 between the extrados 17 and the working element 18 to avoid that the bow 13 does not support efforts.
- the separator 20 can present itself in the form of a membrane, for example of felt or polyane.
- the separator 20 is arranged between the working element 18 and each keel 14 of the arc 13. has on the upper surface 17 of the roof 15 and on the outer surface of the element working 18 a glass fabric or laminate forming a veil of reinforcement 21 and which extends over part or all of the vault 15 in view of his participation in the resumption of compression constraints.
- the reinforcement veil 21 can be made by a succession of layers of canvas fiberglass and resin, possibly including panels honeycomb sandwich.
- stiffeners 22 arranged between a part of the reinforcing veil 21 to the right of the roof 15 and another part of the reinforcement veil 21 in contact with the working element 18.
- the stiffeners 22 may be arranged at regular intervals, for example on the cob with a predetermined angle with respect to the working element 18 and can be made of any inert material capable of withstanding tensile stresses, for example aramid fibers.
- FIG. 6 The variant illustrated in FIG. 6 is to be compared with FIG. 3.
- a separator 20 is placed between the upper surface 17 of the arc 13 and the element working 18.
- Reinforcement frames 27 are arranged in the working element 18.
- the frames 27 are in the form of straight bars rigid, substantially cylindrical in diameter of the order of 10 to 30 mm.
- We have several frames 27 so as to follow the general shape of the working element 18 while maintaining the said reinforcement 27 drowned in the working element 18 and intersecting in the cutting plane while being shifted in depth.
- FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate a particular embodiment of the invention.
- An arch 28 covering a square-shaped piece is supported at its center by a pillar 29 and on its outer edges by walls 30.
- the upper surface 31 of the vault 28 is formed by the floor of the floor superior.
- the intrados 32 is formed by arches and vaults.
- a blockage 33 Enter the upper surface 31 and the lower surface 32, or more precisely between the floor of the floor superior and the arches and vaults, a blockage 33, often heterogeneous, is disposed and used to fill the space and to load the vault 28. In this type of structure, there is often a deformation of the intrados 32 and a settlement of the pillar 29.
- a working element 34 in the form of one or more beams is arranged in one or more recesses dug in the upper surface 31 and extends into the walls 30. Needles, no represented, can be arranged to secure the working element 34 and / or the arches or vaults of the underside 32.
- Tie rods 35 are attached to an upper end in the working member 34 and at one end in the pillar 29, for example at a height between the intrados 32 and the extrados 31.
- the tie rods 35 are distributed over all or part the length of the working element 34.
- the tie rods 35 are formed in the same material as the needles and sealed in the same way.
- the portion 29a of the pillar 29 in which the ends are fixed lower tie rods 35 is subject to important constraints of traction in a horizontal plane.
- many tie rods 35 are fixed by sealing in the portion 29a.
- an armed complex 36 (FIG. 11) is formed in said portion 29a and in his neighborhood.
- the armed complex 36 comprises a plurality of rods 39 crosses comprising glass, carbon or other fibers and possessing mechanical characteristics adapted to traction.
- the rods 39 are arranged in substantially horizontal holes drilled from the intrados 32 at the portion 29a.
- the rods 39 are sealed from the same as the needles, in the portion 29a, blocking 33 and arches or vaults of the intrados 32.
- the armed complex 36 forms an area suitable for withstand transverse tensile forces and receive anchorage from the lower end of the tie rods 35.
- Tie-rods 37 or tablecloths tie rods, are attached to an upper end in the walls 30 and to a bottom end in pillar 29 at the armed complex. holes are drilled in the walls 30.
- the upper end of the tie rods 37 is sealed on almost the entire wall thickness. are in a material similar to that of the needles and can reach sections of several square centimeters to recover efforts important. The sealing is done in the same way as for the needles. Prestressing may be applied to tie rods 37.
- a wall 30 is a heterogeneous set of stones or bricks of varied dimensions and mortar. Its resistance to traction forces exerted by a tie 37 is difficult to model and, a priori, weak. To avoid the tearing of stones or bricks of said walls 30, one plans to reinforce it in the following way, prior to the laying of tie rods 37.
- One or more horizontal holes are drilled in the direction of the length of a wall 30 substantially perpendicular to future tie rods 37.
- Stems 38 of the same type as tie rods 37 are of suitable dimensions. Prestressing can be applied to them.
- the zone in which the rods 38 are arranged has a cohesion high.
- the forces exerted by the tie rods 37 can be distributed in the said area without risk of tearing stones or bricks. Thanks to the stems 38, one forms a kind of horizontal beam inserted into each wall 30 and constituting an effort splitter.
- the zone in which the rods 38 are arranged is, of all ways, stabilized by the mass of the parts of walls 30 located at a level superior and exerting a compressive stress. To favor still the distribution of efforts, we can increase the number of ties 37 by decreasing their unit section and arranging them as a fan from the armed complex 36.
- one has a method of reinforcement and a structure of masonry extending between two points of support and comprising a reinforcing element made with materials of expansion coefficients and elasticity close to those of the material constituting the structure of masonry, solidarisé with the said structure of masonry, at least a part of the said masonry structure being provided with suitable tie rods to distribute at least part of the load to support points, each pulling being secured to the said part of the masonry structure and with a fulcrum. It can thus reduce the compression load exercising on a fulcrum and postponing it on others.
- a tie rod may be sealed in a fulcrum provided splitters of the tensile forces exerted by the said pulling.
- a masonry structure is obtained considerably strengthened in so far as its stiffness is proportional to the cube of the height of its working section.
- the invention is perfectly adapted to any structure whose bottom surface must be protected, both during the work of the reinforcement only at the end of these.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Description
Claims (17)
- Procédé de renforcement d'une structure de maçonnerie comprenant au moins un arc s'étendant entre au moins deux points d'appui distincts et comprenant une pluralité de pièces mutuellement en compression, chaque pièce se maintenant par frottement sur les pièces adjacentes, dans lequel on ajoute seulement sur la surface supérieure de la structure de maçonnerie au droit de l'arc un élément à base de résine synthétique réalisé dans des matériaux de coefficients de dilatation et d'élasticité proches de ceux du matériau constituant la structure de maçonnerie, et solidarisé avec la dite structure de maçonnerie.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, la structure de maçonnerie comportant un voûtain, l'élément est solidarisé avec le dit voûtain.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, la structure de maçonnerie comprenant au moins un arc formé de claveaux juxtaposés, l'élément est solidarisé avec le dit arc.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un voûtain de la structure de maçonnerie est pris entre l'arc et l'élément.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, dans lequel les claveaux sont supportés par l'élément.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, dans lequel les contraintes de compression sont réparties au moins entre les claveaux et l'élément.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les contraintes de compression sont réparties entre les claveaux, le voûtain de la structure de maçonnerie et l'élément.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les contraintes de compression sont réparties entre un voûtain de la structure de maçonnerie et l'élément.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on solidarise la structure de maçonnerie et l'élément de renforcement au moyen d'aiguilles scellées dans des trous forés dans la structure de maçonnerie et en saillie dans l'élément.
- Structure de maçonnerie (10) comprenant au moins un arc s'étendant entre deux points d'appui (11) et comprenant une pluralité de pièces (14) mutuellement en compression, chaque pièce se maintenant par frottement sur les pièces adjacentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend un élément de renforcement (18) réalisé à base de résine synthétique avec des matériaux de coefficients de dilatation et d'élasticité proches de ceux du matériau constituant la structure de maçonnerie, disposé seulement sur une surface supérieure (17) de la structure de maçonnerie au droit de l'arc, et solidarisé avec la dite structure de maçonnerie.
- Structure selon la revendication 10, caractérisée par le fait qu'une pluralité de tiges d'armature sont noyées dans l'élément de renforcement.
- Structure selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisée par le fait que l'élément de renforcement est complété par un élément de poutre, l'élément de renforcement et l'élément de poutre étant solidaires.
- Structure selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisée par le fait que l'élément de renforcement se présente sous la forme d'au moins une poutre plane solidarisée avec au moins une partie de la dite structure de maçonnerie, au moyen de tirants.
- Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisée par le fait qu'au moins une partie de la dite structure de maçonnerie est pourvue de tirants aptes à répartir au moins une partie de la charge vers des points d'appui, chaque tirant étant solidarisé avec la dite partie de la structure de maçonnerie et avec un point d'appui.
- Structure selon la revendication 14, caractérisée par le fait qu'un tirant est scellé dans un point d'appui pourvu de moyens de répartition des efforts de traction exercés par le dit tirant.
- Structure selon la revendication 15, caractérisée par le fait que les moyens de répartition d'un point d'appui sont formés par au moins une barre de renforcement sensiblement perpendiculaire au tirant solidarisé avec le dit point d'appui.
- Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 16, caractérisée par le fait qu'une partie de la dite structure de maçonnerie, soumise à des efforts de traction transversaux est renforcée par des armatures croisées pour former une zone de traction homogène.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9904842A FR2792354B1 (fr) | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | Structure de maconnerie et procede de renforcement associe |
FR9904842 | 1999-04-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1045089A1 EP1045089A1 (fr) | 2000-10-18 |
EP1045089B1 true EP1045089B1 (fr) | 2005-02-09 |
Family
ID=9544532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00401040A Expired - Lifetime EP1045089B1 (fr) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-14 | Structure de maçonnerie et procédé de renforcement associé |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1045089B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE288979T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60017965D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2792354B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2690988C2 (ru) * | 2014-05-02 | 2019-06-07 | Солетанш Фрейссине С.А.С. | Способ увеличения пространства под каменным арочным мостом и каменный арочный мост |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2817575B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-05 | 2003-02-21 | Lefevre Sa M | Structure de maconnerie et procede de renforcement associe |
FR2851781B1 (fr) * | 2003-02-28 | 2006-04-14 | Lefevre Sa M | Procede de renforcement d'un element de construction et element de construction |
RU2471943C2 (ru) * | 2011-04-11 | 2013-01-10 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КазГАСУ | Способ усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания |
CN103397604B (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2016-06-08 | 重庆交通大学 | 用槽形拱肋复合增强的石拱桥构造 |
CZ2014193A3 (cs) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-07-08 | Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně | Konstrukce statického zajištění obloukové klenby pomocí prostorově uspořádané předpínací výztuže |
CZ305689B6 (cs) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | ÄŚeskĂ© vysokĂ© uÄŤenĂ technickĂ© v Praze, Fakulta stavebnĂ, Katedra konstrukcĂ pozemnĂch staveb | Systém stabilizace a zpevnění valených kleneb |
CZ306367B6 (cs) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-12-21 | efl Josef Ĺ | Způsob obnovy deformované klenby do původního tvaru |
RU169130U1 (ru) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-03-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" | Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания |
RU169131U1 (ru) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-03-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КГАСУ) | Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания |
RU171928U1 (ru) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КГАСУ | Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2036290C1 (ru) * | 1991-06-27 | 1995-05-27 | Сергей Владимирович Снятков | Устройство для усиления реконструируемого сводчатого перекрытия здания |
GB2302896B (en) * | 1995-07-01 | 1997-11-05 | William George Edscer | Arch reinforcement |
ATE219543T1 (de) * | 1995-08-18 | 2002-07-15 | Protec Ind Ltd | Verstärkung von mauerwerkstrukturen |
-
1999
- 1999-04-16 FR FR9904842A patent/FR2792354B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00401040A patent/EP1045089B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AT AT00401040T patent/ATE288979T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-14 DE DE60017965T patent/DE60017965D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2690988C2 (ru) * | 2014-05-02 | 2019-06-07 | Солетанш Фрейссине С.А.С. | Способ увеличения пространства под каменным арочным мостом и каменный арочный мост |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2792354A1 (fr) | 2000-10-20 |
EP1045089A1 (fr) | 2000-10-18 |
ATE288979T1 (de) | 2005-02-15 |
DE60017965D1 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
FR2792354B1 (fr) | 2007-10-12 |
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