EP1040495B1 - Electric fuse - Google Patents
Electric fuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1040495B1 EP1040495B1 EP19980966375 EP98966375A EP1040495B1 EP 1040495 B1 EP1040495 B1 EP 1040495B1 EP 19980966375 EP19980966375 EP 19980966375 EP 98966375 A EP98966375 A EP 98966375A EP 1040495 B1 EP1040495 B1 EP 1040495B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- fuse
- current path
- fuse according
- fusible element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
- H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
- H01H85/048—Fuse resistors
- H01H2085/0483—Fuse resistors with temperature dependent resistor, e.g. thermistor
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical fuse according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-A-19504561), where the power cut in In the case of e.g. short-circuit-related overcurrent occurs through a melting element.
- Such fuses are e.g. also to secure the high current supply of the Vehicle electrical system used.
- the input terminal of the fuse is thereby with the positive pole of the vehicle battery, whose output connection is with the Vehicle electrical system connected.
- Tripping behavior is a problem with fuses in general.
- the length of time until the fuse is triggered or until the melting element melts passes depends among other things depends on the size of the overcurrent. The bigger it is the shorter the release time.
- the trip time also depends on the size of the fuse or from their security value. With the same overcurrent triggers, for example a 70 A fuse will blow faster than a 100 A fuse.
- One not only in the Vehicle electrics desired shortening of the tripping time by using weaker ones Fuses are due to the associated risk of false tripping conventional fuses not possible.
- Another problem is that, for example, due to high-resistance line connections or a damaged or insufficiently charged battery the current flowing through the fuse is not sufficient to the melting element Bring melting or that the current is too low to melt in to effect a sufficiently short time.
- the electrical system is damaged Episode.
- an electrical fuse which shows an improved trigger behavior.
- This task is accomplished by a Fuse solved with the features of claim 1.
- two are parallel, connecting the input and output connection of the fuse Current paths, namely a main current path and a partial current path, a single melting element and a switch is provided, the fuse element in the main current path and the switch is arranged in the partial current path.
- the switch is designed so that it if the specified limit values of the flowing through the fuse are exceeded Current and / or the temperature of the melting element opens. While conventional Fuses with a fuse element the total current through the fuse element flows out, according to the invention there is a current division.
- the one about the The main current path or current flowing through the fusible element is around the current Partial current path current decreased.
- a fuse can thus be placed in the main current path can be used with a lower fuse rating. If, for example for protecting a consumer or an electrical system, a 100 A fuse an 80 A fuse can be used if the partial current path is designed so that 20% of the total current flows through it. With the same Current value, the tripping time for a weaker fuse is shorter than for a stronger fuse.
- the switch of the partial current path is now designed so that it is in the In the case of a short circuit in the electrical system, for example Overcurrent opens. When the switch is open, all overcurrent overflows the melting element.
- the switch in the partial current path can in principle be designed so that it either if a specified current value is exceeded or if a predetermined maximum temperature of the melting element opens. But it can also both parameters - temperature and current value - simultaneously as criteria for the Opening of the switch.
- Suitable switches are, for example Bimetallic switches, semiconductor switches or switching elements labeled "Polyswitch", whose resistance increases suddenly when heated.
- the fuse and the switch arranged in the partial current path are, in particular if the opening criterion for the switch is the temperature of the melting element is sandwiched, the switch and the fusible element having two Contact surfaces lie against each other and are in thermal contact.
- switches are e.g. the switches mentioned above, i.e. bimetallic switches, semiconductors and polyswitch elements.
- switches are e.g. the switches mentioned above, i.e. bimetallic switches, semiconductors and polyswitch elements.
- this has the following advantage: If in In the event of a short circuit the power supply of the vehicle electrical system has failed, it is a non-specialist usually cannot defective fuse against one exchange new ones. If only because of the high-load safety devices of a motor vehicle usually only accessible to the specialist personnel of a motor vehicle workshop are. Because of the shutdown electrical system, important vehicle functions are such as the hazard warning lights or the like. disabled. However, if after melting the fuse of the switch closes again after the short circuit has been eliminated the electrical system is powered. The current flowing through the switch is reduced because of the increased resistance of the partial current path. But it is enough usually out to facilities such as the hazard lights or an on-board telephone To be able to operate.
- thermo-sensitive switch In the event of a persistent short circuit in the vehicle electrical system, a thermo-sensitive switch is activated open again after a certain time, if an excessive one due to the short circuit Current flows over the partial current path. However, if the source for the short circuit removed, an uninterrupted supply of the on-board electrical system is available, what with conventional fuse systems only after replacing the fusible element the case is.
- a microprocessor This can control the switch. For example, it does not need to be thermosensitive be designed.
- the temperature of the melting element can be determined by a Thermal sensor tapped and reported to the microprocessor, this activates the switch when a temperature limit is exceeded.
- the fuse includes a current measuring device that measures the value of the current passes the fuse flowing through total current to the microprocessor, this controls the switch when a limit current value is exceeded.
- the Using a microprocessor also has the advantage that it is connected to the control and monitoring system of a vehicle can be connected.
- the Switch is opened to one in the event of a short circuit in the on-board electrical system to achieve early melting of the melting element.
- one Microprocessor can be used, for example, a temperature increase in the Area of the input or output connection of the fuse using a thermal sensor to detect. If the connections mentioned, for example as a result of Corrosion a too high resistance and accordingly an elevated temperature this can be communicated to the driver via a display on the dashboard, so that he is warned and can go to a workshop.
- a fuse according to the invention comprises an input connection 1, an output port 2, two parallel between the two ports arranged current paths, namely a main current path 3 and a partial current path or bypass 4, a melting element 5 and a switch 6.
- the melting element 5 is arranged in the main current path 3 and the switch 6 in the bypass 4.
- the Melting element 5 and the switch 6 together form a sandwich-like component, whereby they adjoin one another with two contact surfaces 7, 8.
- the thermal coupling can done in any way. It can be useful, for example, between the melting element 5 and the switch 6, the contact surfaces 7 and 8 with each other connecting thermal coupling element 9, for example in paste or foil form.
- the technical implementation of the switch is in principle arbitrary. It just has to be designed like this be that when a limit current value or a limit temperature is exceeded opens.
- the mode of operation of a fuse according to the invention will now be explained with reference to the representations according to FIGS. 2-4:
- the fuse element 6 is intact in the initial state of the fuse and ensures a connection of the input connection 1 to the output connection 2 via the main current path 3.
- the switch 6, a thermosensitive switch of the above type is closed.
- the current I tot taken from a current source 10, for example a vehicle battery, is divided into the partial currents I bypass and I fuse .
- the division is in principle chosen so that the partial flow flowing through the bypass is less than the current flowing through the main current path 3.
- the switch 6 is a semiconductor element, for example, via two signal lines 12, 13 are connected to the microprocessor 11.
- the switch 6 is thermosensitive and is in direct thermal contact with the melting element 5.
- the status message about the current temperature of the melting element is issued Via the signal line 12.
- the switch 6 is activated via the signal line 13.
- the microprocessor is connected to the bus system 14 of the control and monitoring system connected to a motor vehicle. In this way, vehicle-specific Data can be used as parameters for opening switch 5.
- the switch 6 can be prophylactic in the event of an airbag being triggered be opened. The same applies if the vehicle is in a head position.
- 1.2 thermal sensors are attached in the area of the connections are with which an inadmissible heating of the connections 1,2 as a result of for example, corrosion-related increase in resistance is detectable.
- thermo-sensitive switch In general, it can be useful in the case of a thermo-sensitive switch the amount of heat necessary to heat it is not only the melting element itself, but related areas of security, especially that The area of the input and output connection 1, 2 can be seen. If necessary thermal contact between the switch and the fusible element can also occur entirely can be avoided, in which case the mentioned connection areas or others Areas of the fuse serve as a heat source for the switch.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Sicherung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (DE-A-19504561), bei der die Stromunterbrechung im Falle eines z.B. kurzschlußbedingten Überstroms durch ein Schmelzelement erfolgt. Solche Sicherungen werden z.B. auch zur Absicherung der Hochstromversorgung des Bordnetzes von Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet. Der Eingangsanschluß der Sicherung ist dabei mit dem Pluspol der Fahrzeugbatterie, deren Ausgangsanschluß ist mit dem Bordnetz verbunden.The invention relates to an electrical fuse according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-A-19504561), where the power cut in In the case of e.g. short-circuit-related overcurrent occurs through a melting element. Such fuses are e.g. also to secure the high current supply of the Vehicle electrical system used. The input terminal of the fuse is thereby with the positive pole of the vehicle battery, whose output connection is with the Vehicle electrical system connected.
Problematisch bei Schmelzsicherungen allgemein ist ihr Auslöseverhalten. Die Zeitdauer, die bis zum Auslösen der Sicherung bzw. bis zum Durchschmelzen des Schmelzelements vergeht hängt u.a. von der Größe des Überstroms ab. Je größer dieser ist, desto kürzer ist die Auslösezeit. Die Auslösezeit hängt auch von der Größe der Sicherung bzw. von deren Sicherungswert ab. Bei gleichem Überstrom löst beispielsweise eine 70 A - Sicherung schneller aus als eine 100 A - Sicherung. Eine nicht nur in der Fahrzeugelektrik gewünschte Verkürzung der Auslösezeit durch Einsatz schwächerer Sicherungen ist aber wegen der damit verbundenen Gefahr von Fehlauslösungen bei herkömmlichen Sicherungen nicht möglich.Tripping behavior is a problem with fuses in general. The length of time until the fuse is triggered or until the melting element melts passes depends among other things depends on the size of the overcurrent. The bigger it is the shorter the release time. The trip time also depends on the size of the fuse or from their security value. With the same overcurrent triggers, for example a 70 A fuse will blow faster than a 100 A fuse. One not only in the Vehicle electrics desired shortening of the tripping time by using weaker ones Fuses are due to the associated risk of false tripping conventional fuses not possible.
Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, daß beispielsweise aufgrund hochohmiger Leitungsverbindungen oder einer schadhaften oder nicht ausreichend geladenen Batterie der über die Sicherung fließende Strom nicht ausreicht, um das Schmelzelement zum Schmelzen zu bringen oder dass der Strom zu gering ist, um ein Durchschmelzen in genügend kurzer Zeit zu bewirken. Eine Schädigung des elektrischen Systems ist die Folge.Another problem is that, for example, due to high-resistance line connections or a damaged or insufficiently charged battery the current flowing through the fuse is not sufficient to the melting element Bring melting or that the current is too low to melt in to effect a sufficiently short time. The electrical system is damaged Episode.
Davon ausgehend ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine elektrische Sicherung vorzuschlagen, die ein verbessertes Auslöseverhalten zeigt. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Sicherung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Danach sind zwei parallele, den Eingangs- und Ausgangsanschluß der Sicherung miteinander verbindende Strompfade, nämlich ein Hauptstrompfad und ein Teilstrompfad, ein einziges Schmelzelement und ein Schalter vorgesehen, wobei das Schmelzelement im Hauptstrompfad und der Schalter im Teilstrompfad angeordnet ist. Der Schalter ist so ausgelegt, daß er bei Überschreitung vorgegebener Grenzwerte des die Sicherung durchfließenden Stroms und/oder der Temperatur des Schmelzelements öffnet. Während bei herkömmlichen Sicherungen mit einem Schmelzelement der gesamte Strom über das Schmelzelement abfließt, erfolgt erfindungsgemäß eine Stromteilung. Der über den Hauptstrompfad bzw. über das Schmelzelement fließende Strom ist um den über den Teilstrompfad fließenden Strom verringert. Somit kann in den Hauptstrompfad eine Sicherung mit einem geringeren Sicherungswert eingesetzt werden. Wenn beispielsweise für die Absicherung eines Verbrauchers oder eines Bordnetzes, eine 100 A-Sicherung notwendig ist, so kann eine 80 A-Sicherung eingesetzt werden, wenn der Teilstrompfad so ausgelegt ist, daß 20% des Gesamtstromes über ihn abfließen. Bei gleichem Stromwert ist die Auslösezeit bei einer schwächeren Sicherung geringer als bei einer stärkeren Sicherung. Der Schalter des Teilstrompfades ist nun so ausgelegt, daß er im Falle eines beispielsweise durch einen Kurzschluß im elektrischen System bewirkten Überstroms öffnet. Wenn der Schalter geöffnet ist, fließt der gesamte Überstrom über das Schmelzelement ab. Da aber aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung das Schmelzelement einen geringeren Sicherungswert aufweisen kann als normalerweise erforderlich, ist die Auslösezeit gegenüber der sonst eingesetzten stärkeren Sicherung verkürzt. Letztlich wird also durch eine erfindungsgemäße Sicherung der gleiche Effekt erreicht, wie wenn eine Sicherung mit einem geringeren Sicherungswert als erforderlich eingesetzt wird, wobei jedoch die Gefahr von Fehlauslösungen beseitigt ist.Based on this, it is the object of the invention to propose an electrical fuse, which shows an improved trigger behavior. This task is accomplished by a Fuse solved with the features of claim 1. After that, two are parallel, connecting the input and output connection of the fuse Current paths, namely a main current path and a partial current path, a single melting element and a switch is provided, the fuse element in the main current path and the switch is arranged in the partial current path. The switch is designed so that it if the specified limit values of the flowing through the fuse are exceeded Current and / or the temperature of the melting element opens. While conventional Fuses with a fuse element the total current through the fuse element flows out, according to the invention there is a current division. The one about the The main current path or current flowing through the fusible element is around the current Partial current path current decreased. A fuse can thus be placed in the main current path can be used with a lower fuse rating. If, for example for protecting a consumer or an electrical system, a 100 A fuse an 80 A fuse can be used if the partial current path is designed so that 20% of the total current flows through it. With the same Current value, the tripping time for a weaker fuse is shorter than for a stronger fuse. The switch of the partial current path is now designed so that it is in the In the case of a short circuit in the electrical system, for example Overcurrent opens. When the switch is open, all overcurrent overflows the melting element. But because of the design according to the invention Melting element may have a lower fuse rating than normal is required, the tripping time compared to the stronger fuse otherwise used shortened. Ultimately, the same effect is achieved by securing according to the invention achieved as if a fuse with a lower fuse value than required is used, but the risk of false triggering is eliminated.
Der Schalter im Teilstrompfad kann grundsätzlich so ausgelegt sein, daß er entweder bei Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Stromwertes oder bei Überschreitung einer vorgegebenen maximalen Temperatur des Schmelzelements öffnet. Es können aber auch beide Parameter - Temperatur und Stromwert - gleichzeitig als Kriterien für das Öffnen des Schalters herangezogen werden. Als Schalter eignen sich beispielsweise Bimetallschalter, Halbleiterschalter oder mit "Polyswitch" bezeichnete Schaltelemente, deren Widerstand sich bei Erwärmung sprunghaft erhöht. The switch in the partial current path can in principle be designed so that it either if a specified current value is exceeded or if a predetermined maximum temperature of the melting element opens. But it can also both parameters - temperature and current value - simultaneously as criteria for the Opening of the switch. Suitable switches are, for example Bimetallic switches, semiconductor switches or switching elements labeled "Polyswitch", whose resistance increases suddenly when heated.
Die Schmelzsicherung und der im Teilstrompfad angeordnete Schalter sind, insbesondere wenn das Öffnungskriterium für den Schalter die Temperatur des Schmelzelementes ist, sandwichartig angeordnet, wobei der Schalter und das Schmelzelement mit zwei Kontaktflächen aneinanderliegen und in thermischen Kontakt stehen.The fuse and the switch arranged in the partial current path are, in particular if the opening criterion for the switch is the temperature of the melting element is sandwiched, the switch and the fusible element having two Contact surfaces lie against each other and are in thermal contact.
Vorzugsweise werden allgemein solche Elemente verwendet, die nach dem Durchschmelzen des Schmelzelements bzw. nach Abkühlung selbsttätig wieder schließen. Solche Schalter sind z.B. die oben erwähnten Schalter, also Bimetallschalter, Halbleiter und Polyswitch-Elemente. Bei einem Kraftfahrzeug hat dies folgenden Vorteil: Wenn im Falle eines Kurzschlusses die Stromversorgung des Bordnetzes ausgefallen ist, ist es einem Nichtfachmann in der Regel nicht möglich, die defekte Sicherung gegen eine neue auszutauschen. Dies schon allein deshalb nicht, weil die Hochlastsicherungen eines Kraftfahrzeuges in der Regel nur für das Fachpersonal einer Kfz-Werkstatt zugänglich sind. Wegen des stillgelegten Bordnetzes sind wichtige Fahrzeugfunktionen, etwa die Warnblinkanlage o.dgl. außer Betrieb gesetzt. Wenn jedoch nach dem Durchschmelzen der Sicherung der Schalter wieder schließt, ist nach Beseitigung der Kurzschlußursache das Bordnetz mit Strom versorgt. Der über den Schalter fließende Strom ist zwar wegen des erhöhten Widerstands des Teilstrompfades reduziert. Er reicht aber in der Regel aus, um Einrichtungen wie die Warnblinkanlage oder ein Bordtelefon in Betrieb nehmen zu können.In general, those elements are preferably used that are after melting close the melting element or automatically after cooling. Such switches are e.g. the switches mentioned above, i.e. bimetallic switches, semiconductors and polyswitch elements. In a motor vehicle, this has the following advantage: If in In the event of a short circuit the power supply of the vehicle electrical system has failed, it is a non-specialist usually cannot defective fuse against one exchange new ones. If only because of the high-load safety devices of a motor vehicle usually only accessible to the specialist personnel of a motor vehicle workshop are. Because of the shutdown electrical system, important vehicle functions are such as the hazard warning lights or the like. disabled. However, if after melting the fuse of the switch closes again after the short circuit has been eliminated the electrical system is powered. The current flowing through the switch is reduced because of the increased resistance of the partial current path. But it is enough usually out to facilities such as the hazard lights or an on-board telephone To be able to operate.
Bei einem andauernden Kurzschluß im Bordnetz wird ein thermosensitiver Schalter nach einer gewissen Zeit wieder öffnen, wenn aufgrund des Kurzschlusses ein überhöhter Strom über den Teilstrompfad fließt. Wenn jedoch die Quelle für den Kurzschluß entfernt ist, steht eine unterbrechungsfreie Versorgung des Bordnetz zur Verfügung, was bei herkömmlichen Sicherungssystemen nur nach Austausch des Schmelzelements der Fall ist.In the event of a persistent short circuit in the vehicle electrical system, a thermo-sensitive switch is activated open again after a certain time, if an excessive one due to the short circuit Current flows over the partial current path. However, if the source for the short circuit removed, an uninterrupted supply of the on-board electrical system is available, what with conventional fuse systems only after replacing the fusible element the case is.
Besondere Vorteile ergeben sich im Zusammenhang mit einem Mikroprozessor. Dieser kann zum einen den Schalter steuern. Dieser braucht somit beispielsweise nicht thermosensitiv ausgelegt sein. Die Temperatur des Schmelzelements kann durch einen Thermosensor abgegriffen und an den Mikroprozessor gemeldet werden, wobei dieser bei Überschreiten eines Temperatur-Grenzwertes den Schalter ansteuert. Denkbar ist auch, dass die Sicherung eine Strom-Meßvorrichtung umfaßt, die den Wert des aktuellen, die Sicherung durchffießenden Gesamtstroms an den Mikroprozessor weitergibt, wobei dieser bei Überschreiten eines Grenz-Stromwertes den Schalter ansteuert. Die Verwendung eines Mikroprozessors hat weiterhin den Vorteil, dass dieser an das Kontroll- und Überwachungssystem eines Fahrzeuges angeschlossen werden kann. So ist es beispielsweise denkbar, dass im Falle einer Airbag-Auslösung gleichzeitig auch der Schalter geöffnet wird, um im Falle eines Kurzschlusses im Bordnetz ein möglichst frühzeitiges Durchschmelzen des Schmelzelements zu erreichen. Schließlich kann ein Mikroprozessor dazu verwendet werden, beispielsweise eine Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich des Eingangs- bzw. Ausgangsanschlusses der Sicherung mit Hilfe eines Thermosensors zu detektieren. Wenn die genannten Anschlüsse beispielsweise infolge von Korrosion einen zu hohen Widerstand und dementsprechend eine erhöhte Temperatur aufweisen, kann dies dem Fahrer über ein Display am Armaturenbrett mitgeteilt werden, so dass dieser vorgewarnt ist und eine Werkstatt aufsuchen kann.There are particular advantages in connection with a microprocessor. This can control the switch. For example, it does not need to be thermosensitive be designed. The temperature of the melting element can be determined by a Thermal sensor tapped and reported to the microprocessor, this activates the switch when a temperature limit is exceeded. Is conceivable also that the fuse includes a current measuring device that measures the value of the current passes the fuse flowing through total current to the microprocessor, this controls the switch when a limit current value is exceeded. The Using a microprocessor also has the advantage that it is connected to the control and monitoring system of a vehicle can be connected. So is it is conceivable, for example, that in the event of an airbag deployment, the Switch is opened to one in the event of a short circuit in the on-board electrical system to achieve early melting of the melting element. Finally, one Microprocessor can be used, for example, a temperature increase in the Area of the input or output connection of the fuse using a thermal sensor to detect. If the connections mentioned, for example as a result of Corrosion a too high resistance and accordingly an elevated temperature this can be communicated to the driver via a display on the dashboard, so that he is warned and can go to a workshop.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention will now be illustrated by means of one in the accompanying drawings Embodiment explained in more detail.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Die schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherung,
- Fig. 2
- ein Ersatzschaltbild der Sicherung bei geschlossenem Schalter
- Fig. 3
- ein Ersatzschaltbild der Sicherung bei geöffnetem Schalter,
- Fig. 4
- das Auslöseverhalten einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherung wiedergebende Diagramme, und
- Fig. 5
- ein Schaltbild einer Sicherung mit Mikroprozessor-Steuerung.
- Fig. 1
- The schematic representation of a fuse according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- an equivalent circuit diagram of the fuse with the switch closed
- Fig. 3
- an equivalent circuit diagram of the fuse with the switch open,
- Fig. 4
- the trigger behavior of a fuse according to the invention reproducing diagrams, and
- Fig. 5
- a circuit diagram of a fuse with microprocessor control.
Wie Fig. 1 zu entnehmen ist, umfaßt eine erfindungsgemäße Sicherung einen Eingangsanschluß
1, einen Ausgangsanschluß 2, zwei parallele zwischen den beiden Anschlüssen
angeordnete Strompfade, nämlich einen Hauptstrompfad 3 und einen Teilstrompfad
bzw. Bypass 4, ein Schmelzelement 5 und einen Schalter 6. Das Schmelzelement
5 ist im Hauptstrompfad 3 und der Schalter 6 im Bypass 4 angeordnet. Das
Schmelzelement 5 und der Schalter 6 bilden zusammen ein sandwichartiges Bauteil,
wobei sie mit zwei Kontaktflächen 7,8 aneinandergrenzen. Im Falle eines thermosensitiven
Schalters dient diese Ausgestaltung dazu, den Wärmeübergang vom Schmelzelement
5 zum Schalter 6 zu erleichtern. Die thermische Kopplung kann jedoch prinzipiell
auf beliebige Weise erfolgen. Es kann beispielsweise zweckmäßig sein, zwischen
dem Schmelzelement 5 und dem Schalter 6 ein die Kontaktflächen 7 und 8 miteinander
verbindendes thermisches Kopplungselement 9, etwa in Pasten- oder Folienform anzuordnen.1, a fuse according to the invention comprises an input connection
1, an
Die technische Realisierung des Schalters ist prinzipiell beliebig. Er muß nur so ausgestaltet sein, daß er bei Überschreitung eines Grenz-Stromwertes oder einer Grenztemperatur öffnet.The technical implementation of the switch is in principle arbitrary. It just has to be designed like this be that when a limit current value or a limit temperature is exceeded opens.
Anhand der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 2-4 wird nun die Funktionsweise einer erfindungsgemäßen
Sicherung erläutert: Das Schmelzelement 6 ist im Ausgangszustand
der Sicherung unversehrt und gewährleistet eine Verbindung des Eingangsanschlusses
1 mit dem Ausgangsanschluß 2 über den Hauptstrompfad 3. Der Schalter 6, ein
thermosensitiver Schalter der obengenannten Art, ist geschlossen. Der von einer
Stromquelle 10, etwa einer Fahrzeugbatterie entnommene Strom Iges teilt sich in die
Teilströme IBypass und IFuse auf. Die Aufteilung ist prinzipiell so gewählt, dass der über
den Bypass fließende Teilstrom geringer ist als der über den Hauptstrompfad 3 fließende
Strom.The mode of operation of a fuse according to the invention will now be explained with reference to the representations according to FIGS. 2-4: The
Den in Fig. 4 dargestellten Diagrammen liegen Messungen an einer Sicherung zugrunde,
bei der eine 60A-Schmelzsicherung mit mittlerer Trägheit verwendet wurde. Die
Messungen wurden bei einer Umgebungstemperatur von ca. 25°C und einem Überstrom
von 90A durchgeführt. Die Widerstände der Teilstrompfade 3 und 4 wurden so
gewählt, dass 60A den Hauptstrompfad 3 und 30A über den Bypass 4 fließen. Bei den
gewählten Versuchsparametern wird nach etwa 140 Sekunden im Schmelzelement 5
eine Temperatur erreicht, die ein Öffnen des Schalters 6 bewirkt. Nachdem der Schalter
geöffnet ist (Fig. 3, t = 140 in Fig. 4) fließt auch der Teilstrom IBypass über den
Hauptstrompfad, so daß nunmehr 90A durch das Schmelzelement abfließen. Die für
60A ausgelegte Sicherung wird nun mit insgesamt 90A belastet, was zu einem schnellen
Durchschmelzen innerhalb von etwa 30 Sekunden führt.The diagrams shown in FIG. 4 are based on measurements on a fuse in which a 60A fuse with medium inertia was used. The measurements were carried out at an ambient temperature of approx. 25 ° C and an overcurrent of 90A. The resistances of the partial
In Fig. 5 ist das schematische Schaltbild einer Sicherung mit integriertem Mikroprozessor
11 dargestellt. Der Schalter 6 ist ein Halbleiterelement, das beispielsweise über
zwei Signalleitungen 12,13 mit dem Mikroprozessor 11 verbunden ist. Der Schalter 6 ist
thermosensitiv ausgebildet und steht in direktem Wärmekontakt mit dem Schmelzelement
5. Die Statusmeldung über die aktuelle Temperatur des Schmelzelements erfolgt
über die Signalleitung 12. Die Ansteuerung des Schalters 6 erfolgt über die Signalleitung
13. Der Mikroprozessor ist mit dem Bussystem 14 des Kontroll- und Überwachungssystems
eines Kraftfahrzeuges verbunden. Auf diese Weise können fahrzeugspezifische
Daten als Parameter für das Öffnen des Schalters 5 herangezogen werden.
Beispielsweise kann im Falle eines ausgelösten Airbags der Schalter 6 prophylaktisch
geöffnet werden. Gleiches gilt, wenn sich das Fahrzeug in einer Kopflage befindet.
Weiterhin ist es denkbar, dass im Bereich der Anschlüsse 1,2 Thermosensoren angebracht
sind, mit denen eine unzulässige Erwärmung der Anschlüsse 1,2 infolge einer
beispielsweise korrosionsbedingten Widerstandserhöhung detektierbar ist.5 is the schematic circuit diagram of a fuse with an
Ganz allgemein kann es zweckmäßig sein, die im Falle eines thermo-sensitiven Schalters
zu dessen Erwärmung notwendige Wärmemenge nicht allein dem Schmelzelement
selbst, sondern sich daran anschließenden Bereichen der Sicherung , vor allem dem
Bereich des Eingangs- und Ausgangsanschlusses 1,2 zu entnehmen. Falls erforderlich
kann ein Wärmekontakt zwischen dem Schalter und dem Schmelzelement auch ganz
vermieden werden, wobei dann die genannten Anschlußbereiche oder auch andere
Bereiche der Sicherung als Wärmequelle für den Schalter dienen. In general, it can be useful in the case of a thermo-sensitive switch
the amount of heat necessary to heat it is not only the melting element
itself, but related areas of security, especially that
The area of the input and
- 11
- Eingangsanschlußinput terminal
- 22
- Ausgangsanschlußoutput terminal
- 33
- HauptstrompfadMain current path
- 44
- Bypassbypass
- 55
- Schmelzelementfuse
- 66
- Schalterswitch
- 77
- Kontaktflächecontact area
- 88th
- Kontaktflächecontact area
- 99
- Kopplungselementcoupling element
- 1010
- Stromquellepower source
- 1111
- Mikroprozessormicroprocessor
- 1212
- Signalleitungsignal line
- 1313
- Signalleitungsignal line
- 1414
- Bussystembus system
Claims (8)
- Electrical fuse having an input connection (1), an output connection (2), two parallel current paths which connect the two connections to one another, namely a main current path (3) and a partial current path, a single fusible element (5) and a switch (6), and with the switch (6) being designed such that it opens when the current flowing through the fuse and/or the temperature of the fusible element exceed/exceeds predetermined limit values, characterized in that the fusible element is arranged in the main current path (3), and the switch is arranged in the partial current path.
- Fuse according to Claim 1,
characterized by
a resistance configuration in the partial current path such that at least 10% of the total current flows via it. - Fuse according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized by
a switch (6) which closes again following the fusible element (5) having been blown, for example by a short circuit. - Fuse according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
a sandwich construction, with the switch (6) and the fusible element (5) having two contact surfaces (7,8) which make thermal contact with one another. - Fuse according to one of Claims 1 - 4,
characterized by
a microprocessor (11) which is connected to the switch (6) for signalling and, in particular controls said switch (6). - Fuse according to Claim 5,
characterized in that the temperature of the fusible element (5), as tapped off by a temperature sensor (not illustrated) is used as the switching criterion for actuating the switch (6). - Fuse according to Claim 5 or 6,
characterized in that the microprocessor (11) is connected on the input side to a control and monitoring system in a motor vehicle. - Use of a fuse according to one of Claims 1 - 7 for protection of the electrical vehicle power supply system in a motor vehicle.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19757026 | 1997-12-20 | ||
| DE19757026A DE19757026A1 (en) | 1997-12-20 | 1997-12-20 | Electrical fuse |
| PCT/EP1998/008340 WO1999033079A1 (en) | 1997-12-20 | 1998-12-19 | Electric fuse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1040495A1 EP1040495A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| EP1040495B1 true EP1040495B1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
Family
ID=7852839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19980966375 Expired - Lifetime EP1040495B1 (en) | 1997-12-20 | 1998-12-19 | Electric fuse |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6492747B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1040495B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE213358T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19757026A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2172260T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1040495E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999033079A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8450881B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2013-05-28 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Apparatus and method for protecting an electric line |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7875997B2 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2011-01-25 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Circuit interruption device |
| ES2253065B1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2007-07-16 | Jose Luis Diaz Mejia | DEVICE AND METHOD OF EXTENDED PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL LINES. |
| JP2006339290A (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Nec Electronics Corp | Fuse-cut test circuit and fuse-cut testing method and semiconductor circuit |
| US7920044B2 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2011-04-05 | Group Dekko, Inc. | Appliance assembly with thermal fuse and temperature sensing device assembly |
| DE102012022083B4 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2022-12-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical supply network for a motor vehicle |
| US9490093B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2016-11-08 | Eaton Corporation | Fuse and trip mechanism therefor |
| US20150092311A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Abb Technology Ag | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for protection of direct current building electrical systems |
| US9755433B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2017-09-05 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Hybrid alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) distribution for multiple-floor buildings |
| US9853536B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2017-12-26 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for managing the distribution of power from a photovoltaic source in a multiple-floor building |
| US10598703B2 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2020-03-24 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Electric fuse current sensing systems and monitoring methods |
| DE202015106793U1 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2016-01-14 | Kromberg & Schubert Gmbh | fuse |
| US11052784B2 (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2021-07-06 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Power distribution unit and fuse management for an electric mobile application |
| US11070049B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2021-07-20 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | System, method, and apparatus for power distribution in an electric mobile application using a combined breaker and relay |
| JP6784252B2 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-11-11 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Output device and power supply system |
| US11143718B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2021-10-12 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Monitoring systems and methods for estimating thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical fuse |
| US11289298B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2022-03-29 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Monitoring systems and methods for estimating thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical fuse |
| US11689010B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2023-06-27 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Coolant fitting promoting turbulent flow |
| EP4033505A4 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2023-10-25 | National University Corporation Saitama University | Current interruption device and current interruption method |
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| US2012215A (en) * | 1934-01-20 | 1935-08-20 | Walter J Barthe | Time delay fuse |
| DE706948C (en) * | 1938-12-08 | 1941-06-09 | Aeg | Overcurrent carrier fuse |
| GB1214659A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1970-12-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | A current limiting device |
| US3828289A (en) * | 1973-07-23 | 1974-08-06 | American Thermostat Corp | Combined current and temperature sensitive fuse assembly |
| US3958206A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1976-05-18 | General Electric Company | Chemically augmented electrical fuse |
| US4023133A (en) * | 1976-03-15 | 1977-05-10 | The Chase-Shawmut Company | Blown fuse indicator |
| US4114968A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1978-09-19 | Gte Sylvania Incorporated | Method of processing fluorescent lamp |
| US4065741A (en) * | 1977-03-29 | 1977-12-27 | New Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Thermal fuse with a fusible temperature sensitive pellet |
| US4336521A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1982-06-22 | Kozacka Frederick J | Electric fuse |
| SE451743B (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1987-10-26 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT |
| US4631626A (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1986-12-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Temperature controller with temperature limiting sensor |
| DE3710510A1 (en) | 1987-03-30 | 1988-10-20 | Bauknecht Hausgeraete | Thermostat |
| US4894633A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-01-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Fuse Apparatus |
| JP2820703B2 (en) | 1989-01-25 | 1998-11-05 | 株式会社オリエント | Temperature current sensor |
| US5105178A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-04-14 | Krumme John F | Over-current/over-temperature protection device |
| AT397003B (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1994-01-25 | Holly Rudolf | DEVICE FOR DISCONNECTING A HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT |
| US5463366A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-10-31 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Current limiting fuse and dropout fuseholder |
| DE4406533A1 (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-15 | Tridonic Bauelemente Ges Mbh | Temperature protection circuit for an inductor |
| DE59403366D1 (en) * | 1993-08-21 | 1997-08-21 | Ingbuero Fuer Elektrotechnik U | Electrical isolation device |
| DE19504561A1 (en) * | 1995-02-11 | 1996-08-14 | Meuleman Andre | Electrical low voltage fuse system |
| DE19527997C2 (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Safety device for a circuit in vehicles |
| US5667711A (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1997-09-16 | Eaton Corporation | Circuit breaker incorporating trip coil as shunt resistor in parallel with current limiting polymer |
| JP3017950B2 (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 2000-03-13 | 東洋システム株式会社 | Current / temperature composite fuse |
| DE19835781C2 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2002-10-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Method and device for triggering a fuse for electrical conductors in a motor vehicle |
-
1997
- 1997-12-20 DE DE19757026A patent/DE19757026A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-12-19 AT AT98966375T patent/ATE213358T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-19 DE DE59803106T patent/DE59803106D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-19 ES ES98966375T patent/ES2172260T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-19 EP EP19980966375 patent/EP1040495B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-19 PT PT98966375T patent/PT1040495E/en unknown
- 1998-12-19 US US09/581,962 patent/US6492747B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-19 WO PCT/EP1998/008340 patent/WO1999033079A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8450881B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2013-05-28 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Apparatus and method for protecting an electric line |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE213358T1 (en) | 2002-02-15 |
| US6492747B1 (en) | 2002-12-10 |
| DE19757026A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
| ES2172260T3 (en) | 2002-09-16 |
| EP1040495A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| PT1040495E (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| WO1999033079A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
| DE59803106D1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
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