EP1040495B1 - Coupe-circuit electrique - Google Patents

Coupe-circuit electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1040495B1
EP1040495B1 EP19980966375 EP98966375A EP1040495B1 EP 1040495 B1 EP1040495 B1 EP 1040495B1 EP 19980966375 EP19980966375 EP 19980966375 EP 98966375 A EP98966375 A EP 98966375A EP 1040495 B1 EP1040495 B1 EP 1040495B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
fuse
current path
fuse according
fusible element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980966375
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1040495A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH filed Critical Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP1040495A1 publication Critical patent/EP1040495A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1040495B1 publication Critical patent/EP1040495B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/041—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges characterised by the type
    • H01H85/048—Fuse resistors
    • H01H2085/0483—Fuse resistors with temperature dependent resistor, e.g. thermistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical fuse according to the preamble of claim 1 (DE-A-19504561), where the power cut in In the case of e.g. short-circuit-related overcurrent occurs through a melting element.
  • Such fuses are e.g. also to secure the high current supply of the Vehicle electrical system used.
  • the input terminal of the fuse is thereby with the positive pole of the vehicle battery, whose output connection is with the Vehicle electrical system connected.
  • Tripping behavior is a problem with fuses in general.
  • the length of time until the fuse is triggered or until the melting element melts passes depends among other things depends on the size of the overcurrent. The bigger it is the shorter the release time.
  • the trip time also depends on the size of the fuse or from their security value. With the same overcurrent triggers, for example a 70 A fuse will blow faster than a 100 A fuse.
  • One not only in the Vehicle electrics desired shortening of the tripping time by using weaker ones Fuses are due to the associated risk of false tripping conventional fuses not possible.
  • Another problem is that, for example, due to high-resistance line connections or a damaged or insufficiently charged battery the current flowing through the fuse is not sufficient to the melting element Bring melting or that the current is too low to melt in to effect a sufficiently short time.
  • the electrical system is damaged Episode.
  • an electrical fuse which shows an improved trigger behavior.
  • This task is accomplished by a Fuse solved with the features of claim 1.
  • two are parallel, connecting the input and output connection of the fuse Current paths, namely a main current path and a partial current path, a single melting element and a switch is provided, the fuse element in the main current path and the switch is arranged in the partial current path.
  • the switch is designed so that it if the specified limit values of the flowing through the fuse are exceeded Current and / or the temperature of the melting element opens. While conventional Fuses with a fuse element the total current through the fuse element flows out, according to the invention there is a current division.
  • the one about the The main current path or current flowing through the fusible element is around the current Partial current path current decreased.
  • a fuse can thus be placed in the main current path can be used with a lower fuse rating. If, for example for protecting a consumer or an electrical system, a 100 A fuse an 80 A fuse can be used if the partial current path is designed so that 20% of the total current flows through it. With the same Current value, the tripping time for a weaker fuse is shorter than for a stronger fuse.
  • the switch of the partial current path is now designed so that it is in the In the case of a short circuit in the electrical system, for example Overcurrent opens. When the switch is open, all overcurrent overflows the melting element.
  • the switch in the partial current path can in principle be designed so that it either if a specified current value is exceeded or if a predetermined maximum temperature of the melting element opens. But it can also both parameters - temperature and current value - simultaneously as criteria for the Opening of the switch.
  • Suitable switches are, for example Bimetallic switches, semiconductor switches or switching elements labeled "Polyswitch", whose resistance increases suddenly when heated.
  • the fuse and the switch arranged in the partial current path are, in particular if the opening criterion for the switch is the temperature of the melting element is sandwiched, the switch and the fusible element having two Contact surfaces lie against each other and are in thermal contact.
  • switches are e.g. the switches mentioned above, i.e. bimetallic switches, semiconductors and polyswitch elements.
  • switches are e.g. the switches mentioned above, i.e. bimetallic switches, semiconductors and polyswitch elements.
  • this has the following advantage: If in In the event of a short circuit the power supply of the vehicle electrical system has failed, it is a non-specialist usually cannot defective fuse against one exchange new ones. If only because of the high-load safety devices of a motor vehicle usually only accessible to the specialist personnel of a motor vehicle workshop are. Because of the shutdown electrical system, important vehicle functions are such as the hazard warning lights or the like. disabled. However, if after melting the fuse of the switch closes again after the short circuit has been eliminated the electrical system is powered. The current flowing through the switch is reduced because of the increased resistance of the partial current path. But it is enough usually out to facilities such as the hazard lights or an on-board telephone To be able to operate.
  • thermo-sensitive switch In the event of a persistent short circuit in the vehicle electrical system, a thermo-sensitive switch is activated open again after a certain time, if an excessive one due to the short circuit Current flows over the partial current path. However, if the source for the short circuit removed, an uninterrupted supply of the on-board electrical system is available, what with conventional fuse systems only after replacing the fusible element the case is.
  • a microprocessor This can control the switch. For example, it does not need to be thermosensitive be designed.
  • the temperature of the melting element can be determined by a Thermal sensor tapped and reported to the microprocessor, this activates the switch when a temperature limit is exceeded.
  • the fuse includes a current measuring device that measures the value of the current passes the fuse flowing through total current to the microprocessor, this controls the switch when a limit current value is exceeded.
  • the Using a microprocessor also has the advantage that it is connected to the control and monitoring system of a vehicle can be connected.
  • the Switch is opened to one in the event of a short circuit in the on-board electrical system to achieve early melting of the melting element.
  • one Microprocessor can be used, for example, a temperature increase in the Area of the input or output connection of the fuse using a thermal sensor to detect. If the connections mentioned, for example as a result of Corrosion a too high resistance and accordingly an elevated temperature this can be communicated to the driver via a display on the dashboard, so that he is warned and can go to a workshop.
  • a fuse according to the invention comprises an input connection 1, an output port 2, two parallel between the two ports arranged current paths, namely a main current path 3 and a partial current path or bypass 4, a melting element 5 and a switch 6.
  • the melting element 5 is arranged in the main current path 3 and the switch 6 in the bypass 4.
  • the Melting element 5 and the switch 6 together form a sandwich-like component, whereby they adjoin one another with two contact surfaces 7, 8.
  • the thermal coupling can done in any way. It can be useful, for example, between the melting element 5 and the switch 6, the contact surfaces 7 and 8 with each other connecting thermal coupling element 9, for example in paste or foil form.
  • the technical implementation of the switch is in principle arbitrary. It just has to be designed like this be that when a limit current value or a limit temperature is exceeded opens.
  • the mode of operation of a fuse according to the invention will now be explained with reference to the representations according to FIGS. 2-4:
  • the fuse element 6 is intact in the initial state of the fuse and ensures a connection of the input connection 1 to the output connection 2 via the main current path 3.
  • the switch 6, a thermosensitive switch of the above type is closed.
  • the current I tot taken from a current source 10, for example a vehicle battery, is divided into the partial currents I bypass and I fuse .
  • the division is in principle chosen so that the partial flow flowing through the bypass is less than the current flowing through the main current path 3.
  • the switch 6 is a semiconductor element, for example, via two signal lines 12, 13 are connected to the microprocessor 11.
  • the switch 6 is thermosensitive and is in direct thermal contact with the melting element 5.
  • the status message about the current temperature of the melting element is issued Via the signal line 12.
  • the switch 6 is activated via the signal line 13.
  • the microprocessor is connected to the bus system 14 of the control and monitoring system connected to a motor vehicle. In this way, vehicle-specific Data can be used as parameters for opening switch 5.
  • the switch 6 can be prophylactic in the event of an airbag being triggered be opened. The same applies if the vehicle is in a head position.
  • 1.2 thermal sensors are attached in the area of the connections are with which an inadmissible heating of the connections 1,2 as a result of for example, corrosion-related increase in resistance is detectable.
  • thermo-sensitive switch In general, it can be useful in the case of a thermo-sensitive switch the amount of heat necessary to heat it is not only the melting element itself, but related areas of security, especially that The area of the input and output connection 1, 2 can be seen. If necessary thermal contact between the switch and the fusible element can also occur entirely can be avoided, in which case the mentioned connection areas or others Areas of the fuse serve as a heat source for the switch.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Coupe-circuit électrique équipé d'une borne d'entrée (1), d'une borne de sortie (2), deux trajets de courant reliant les deux bornes entre elles, à savoir un trajet, de courant principal (3) et un trajet de courant partiel, un unique élément de fusion (5) et un interrupteur (6) et dans lequel l'interrupteur (6) est dimensionné de sorte qu'il s'ouvre lors du dépassement de valeurs limites prescrites du courant traversant le coupe-circuit et/ou de la température de l'élément de fusion, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fusion est disposé dans le trajet de courant principal (3) et l'interrupteur dans le trajet de courant partiel.
  2. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par un dimensionnement de la résistance du trajet de courant partiel de telle sorte qu'au moins 10% du courant total la traversent.
  3. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par un interrupteur (6) qui se ferme à nouveau à la suite d'une coupure provoquée par exemple par un court-circuit de l'élément de fusion (3).
  4. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par une structure en sandwich, l'interrupteur (6) et l'élément de fusion (5) se trouvant en contact thermique entre eux par deux surfaces de contact (7, 8).
  5. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par un microprocesseur (11) relié par signaux à l'interrupteur (6), en particulier commandant celui-ci.
  6. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'en tant que critère de commutation en vue de la commande de l'interrupteur (6) est utilisée la température de l'élément de fusion (5) prélevée par un capteur de température (non représenté).
  7. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le microprocesseur (11) est relié côté entrée au système de commande et de surveillance d'une automobile.
  8. Utilisation d'un coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 en vue de la protection du réseau de bord électrique d'une automobile.
EP19980966375 1997-12-20 1998-12-19 Coupe-circuit electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1040495B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19757026 1997-12-20
DE19757026A DE19757026A1 (de) 1997-12-20 1997-12-20 Elektrische Sicherung
PCT/EP1998/008340 WO1999033079A1 (fr) 1997-12-20 1998-12-19 Coupe-circuit electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1040495A1 EP1040495A1 (fr) 2000-10-04
EP1040495B1 true EP1040495B1 (fr) 2002-02-13

Family

ID=7852839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980966375 Expired - Lifetime EP1040495B1 (fr) 1997-12-20 1998-12-19 Coupe-circuit electrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6492747B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1040495B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE213358T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19757026A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2172260T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1040495E (fr)
WO (1) WO1999033079A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8450881B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2013-05-28 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Apparatus and method for protecting an electric line

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JP2007502005A (ja) 2003-08-08 2007-02-01 デルファイ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド 回路遮断装置
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JP2006339290A (ja) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-14 Nec Electronics Corp ヒューズ切断テスト回路及びヒューズ切断テスト方法並びに半導体回路
US8174351B2 (en) * 2007-05-16 2012-05-08 Group Dekko, Inc. Thermal assembly coupled with an appliance
DE102012022083B4 (de) 2012-11-09 2022-12-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisches Versorgungsnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US9490093B2 (en) * 2013-07-12 2016-11-08 Eaton Corporation Fuse and trip mechanism therefor
US20150092311A1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Abb Technology Ag Methods, systems, and computer readable media for protection of direct current building electrical systems
US9755433B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-09-05 Abb Schweiz Ag Hybrid alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) distribution for multiple-floor buildings
US9853536B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-12-26 Abb Schweiz Ag Methods, systems, and computer readable media for managing the distribution of power from a photovoltaic source in a multiple-floor building
US10598703B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2020-03-24 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electric fuse current sensing systems and monitoring methods
DE202015106793U1 (de) 2015-12-14 2016-01-14 Kromberg & Schubert Gmbh Schmelzsicherung
US11070049B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-07-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited System, method, and apparatus for power distribution in an electric mobile application using a combined breaker and relay
US11052784B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-07-06 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Power distribution unit and fuse management for an electric mobile application
JP6784252B2 (ja) * 2017-11-09 2020-11-11 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 出力装置及び電源システム
US11289298B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2022-03-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Monitoring systems and methods for estimating thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical fuse
US11143718B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2021-10-12 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Monitoring systems and methods for estimating thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical fuse
US11670937B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2023-06-06 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Coolant connector having a chamfered lip and fir tree axially aligned with at least one o-ring
JP7117744B2 (ja) * 2019-09-17 2022-08-15 国立大学法人埼玉大学 電流遮断装置及び電流遮断方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8450881B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2013-05-28 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Apparatus and method for protecting an electric line

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19757026A1 (de) 1999-07-01
EP1040495A1 (fr) 2000-10-04
ES2172260T3 (es) 2002-09-16
ATE213358T1 (de) 2002-02-15
US6492747B1 (en) 2002-12-10
PT1040495E (pt) 2002-07-31
WO1999033079A1 (fr) 1999-07-01
DE59803106D1 (de) 2002-03-21

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