EP1040206A1 - Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing the same

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Publication number
EP1040206A1
EP1040206A1 EP98966508A EP98966508A EP1040206A1 EP 1040206 A1 EP1040206 A1 EP 1040206A1 EP 98966508 A EP98966508 A EP 98966508A EP 98966508 A EP98966508 A EP 98966508A EP 1040206 A1 EP1040206 A1 EP 1040206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steels
stainless
martensitic
rust
resistant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98966508A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1040206B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Peter Erkel
Martin Erkel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VON MOOS STAHL AG
Original Assignee
SKET Walzwerkstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SKET Walzwerkstechnik GmbH filed Critical SKET Walzwerkstechnik GmbH
Publication of EP1040206A1 publication Critical patent/EP1040206A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1040206B1 publication Critical patent/EP1040206B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/08—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B21B1/163—Rolling or cold-forming of concrete reinforcement bars or wire ; Rolls therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of stainless structural steels which can be used in a wide range of applications for sheets, strips, tubes, rods, etc.
  • a preferred field of application is the production of smooth or ribbed and also weldable reinforcing steel, i.e. of stainless reinforcement steels for reinforced concrete construction.
  • Such stainless structural steels belong to the martensitic or ferritic-martensitic class and are given their intended properties by thermomechanical treatment.
  • the intended properties of the rustproof structural steels are achieved once by thermomechanical treatment from the rolling heat, i.e. in the rolling process, and not achieved by annealing and subsequent cold forming.
  • the intended properties according to DIN 488 Tl can be achieved by hot rolling with subsequent tempering.
  • the annealing and cold forming can be omitted and stainless structural or reinforcing steel can be produced more cost-effectively.
  • the cooling of the stainless reinforcing steel takes place after rolling from the
  • Cooling pipes in water This creates a fine-grained soft martensitic or ferritic-martensitic structure of high strength and toughness, so that the requirements of the previous one
  • a preferred composition of the reinforcing steel produced according to the invention is given when using material 1.4003 according to DIN EN 10088.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing rust-resistant constructional steels which can be used for sheets, strips, pipes, bars etc., in a wide range of areas of application. One preferred use for the inventive steels is the production of smooth or ribbed, weldable concrete steels, i.e. rust-resistant reinforcement steels for reinforced concrete construction. The aim of the invention is to produce rust-resistant, weldable constructional steels which can be classified as martensitic or ferritic-martensitic, which can be manufactured without annealing and cold-forming according a simplified method, and which have at least equivalent material characteristics. According to the invention, the desired characteristics of the rust-resistant constructional steels, such as resistance and strength characteristics, weldability and resistance to corrosion are obtained by means of thermomechanical treatment using the rolling heat instead of annealing and subsequent cold-forming. On cooling, the rust-resistant martensitic or ferritic-martensitic constructional steels were found to have obtained the same or better properties directly from the rolling heat as if they had been heat-treated and then cold-formed. The invention therefore provides a method for producing rust-resistant constructional or concrete steel without annealing and cold-forming, and therefore more cheaply.

Description

Nichtrostender Baustahl und Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungStainless structural steel and process for its manufacture
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Herstellung von nichtrostenden Baustählen, die in einem breiten Anwendungsbereich für Bleche, Bänder, Rohre, Stäbe usw. einsetzbar sind. Ein bevorzugtes Einsatzgebiet ist die Herstellung von glatten oder gerippten und dabei auch schweißbaren Betonstählen, d.h. von nichtrostenden Bewehrungsstählen für den Stahlbetonbau. Derartige nichtrostende Baustähle gehören der martensitischen oder ferritisch- martensitischen Klasse an und sie erhalten durch thermomechanische Behandlung ihre bestimmungsgemäßen Eigenschaften.The invention relates to the production of stainless structural steels which can be used in a wide range of applications for sheets, strips, tubes, rods, etc. A preferred field of application is the production of smooth or ribbed and also weldable reinforcing steel, i.e. of stainless reinforcement steels for reinforced concrete construction. Such stainless structural steels belong to the martensitic or ferritic-martensitic class and are given their intended properties by thermomechanical treatment.
Es ist aus DIN 488 bekannt, daß Betonstähle, wie BSt 500 S und Bst 500 M nach DIN 488, Tl neben anderen Gebrauchseigenschaften zur Bewehrung ausreichend hohe Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitseigenschaften, wieIt is known from DIN 488 that reinforcing steels, such as BSt 500 S and Bst 500 M according to DIN 488, Tl, in addition to other usage properties for reinforcement, have sufficiently high strength and toughness properties, such as
Streckgrenze Re >500 N/mm2 Zugfestigkeit Rm > 550 N/mm2 Bruchdehnung A10 ≥ 10 % aufweisen müssen.Yield strength Re> 500 N / mm 2 tensile strength Rm> 550 N / mm 2 elongation at break A 10 ≥ 10%.
Weiter ist bekannt, daß in den letzten Jahren verstärkt nichtrostende Stähle als Betonstähle erprobt und eingesetzt wurden, da sie je nach Legierungsgehalt bzw. Wirksumme gegen Korrosion, die bei normalem Betonstahl zu den gefürchteten Betonabplatzungen führt, beständig sind (U. Nürnberger: Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz im Bauwesen, Bauverlag GmbH Wiesbaden und Berlin 1995, S. 1013 ff, Nichtrostende Stähle im Betonbau und U. Nürnberger / W. Beul / G. Onuseit: Korrosionsverhalten geschweißter nichtrostender Bewehrungsstähle in Beton. In: Bauingenieur 70(1995) S. 73-81, Springer-Verlag). Da die temtischen, austenitisch-ferritischen und austenitischen Betonstähle nach DIN EN 10088 im wärmebehandelten Zustand geringere Streckgrenzen als die nach DIN 488 Tl für BSt 500 geforderten 500 N/mm2 aufweisen, wurden diese Stähle einer Kaltverformung unterworfen und als kaltgerippte Bewehrungsstähle mit Festigkeitseigenschaften nach DIN 488 Tl entwickelt, vgl. auch Nirosta Bond: Nichtrostende Bewehrungsstähle für den Stahlbetonbau und für Verankerungen, Werkstoffblatt der Krupp Sigma Stahl AG, Duisburg.It is also known that, in recent years, increasingly stainless steels have been tested and used as reinforcing bars, because depending on the alloy content or the effective amount they are resistant to corrosion, which leads to the feared spalling of concrete in normal reinforcing steel (U. Nürnberger: Corrosion and corrosion protection in construction, Bauverlag GmbH Wiesbaden and Berlin 1995, p. 1013 ff, stainless steel in concrete construction and U. Nürnberger / W. Beul / G. Onuseit: corrosion behavior of welded stainless reinforcement steel in concrete. In: Bauingenieur 70 (1995) p. 73- 81, Springer publishing house). Since the thermal, austenitic-ferritic and austenitic reinforcing steels according to DIN EN 10088 have lower yield strengths in the heat-treated state than the 500 N / mm 2 required for BSt 500 according to DIN 488 Tl, these steels were subjected to cold deformation and as cold-ribbed reinforcement steels with strength properties according to DIN 488 Tl developed, cf. also Nirosta Bond: stainless reinforcing steel for reinforced concrete construction and for anchoring, material sheet from Krupp Sigma Stahl AG, Duisburg.
Abgeleitet aus dem vorliegenden Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Herstellung nichtrostender, schweißbarer Baustähle zu ermöglichen, die einmal der martensitischen bzw. ferritisch-martensitischen Klasse angehören, nach einem vereinfachten Verfahren ohne Glühen und Kaltumformung gefertigt werden können und zum anderen mindestens gleichwertige Materialeigenschaften aufweisen.Derived from the present state of the art, it is the object of the invention to enable the production of rustproof, weldable structural steels which on the one hand belong to the martensitic or ferritic-martensitic class, can be manufactured according to a simplified process without annealing and cold forming and on the other hand are at least equivalent Have material properties.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 und 2 angegeben. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.An inventive solution to this problem is specified in claims 1 and 2. Developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Nach der Konzeption der Erfindung werden die bestimmungsgemäßen Eigenschaften der nichtrostenden Baustähle, wie Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitseigenschaften, Schweißbarkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit einmal durch thermomechanische Behandlung aus der Walzhitze, d.h. im Walzprozeß, und nicht durch Glühen und anschließende Kaltumformung erzielt.According to the conception of the invention, the intended properties of the rustproof structural steels, such as strength and toughness properties, weldability and corrosion resistance, are achieved once by thermomechanical treatment from the rolling heat, i.e. in the rolling process, and not achieved by annealing and subsequent cold forming.
Zum anderen können die bestimmungsgemäßen Eigenschaften nach DIN 488 Tl durch Warmwalzen mit anschließenden Anlassen erzielt werden.On the other hand, the intended properties according to DIN 488 Tl can be achieved by hot rolling with subsequent tempering.
Es wurde gefunden, daß bei der Abkühlung der nichtrostenden martensitischen bzw. ferritisch-martensitischen Stähle direkt aus der Walzhitze oder durch Warmwalzen mit anschließendem Anlassen Eigenschaften entstehen, die gleich gut oder besser sind als jene nach Wärmebehandlung und anschließender Kaltumformung.It has been found that when the stainless martensitic or ferritic-martensitic steels are cooled directly from the rolling heat or by hot rolling with subsequent tempering, properties arise which are as good as or better than those after heat treatment and subsequent cold forming.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird erreicht, daß das Glühen und die Kaltumformung entfallen können und nichtrostender Bau- bzw. Betonstahl kostengünstiger produziert werden kann. Die Abkühlung des nichtrostenden Betonstahles erfolgt nach dem Walzen aus demWith the method according to the invention it is achieved that the annealing and cold forming can be omitted and stainless structural or reinforcing steel can be produced more cost-effectively. The cooling of the stainless reinforcing steel takes place after rolling from the
Temperaturgebiet γ (Austenit) oder γ + (Austenit + Ferrit) an Luft, bewegter Luft oder inTemperature range γ (austenite) or γ + (austenite + ferrite) in air, moving air or in
Kühlrohren in Wasser. Dadurch entsteht ein feinkörniges weichmartensitisches oder ferritisch- martensitisches Gefüge hoher Festigkeit und Zähigkeit, sodaß die Anforderungen bisherigerCooling pipes in water. This creates a fine-grained soft martensitic or ferritic-martensitic structure of high strength and toughness, so that the requirements of the previous one
Vorschriften für Betonstahl erfüllt oder übertroffen werden .Regulations for reinforcing steel are met or exceeded.
Eine bevorzugte Zusammensetzung des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Betonstahls ist bei Anwendung des Werkstoffes 1.4003 nach DIN EN 10088 gegeben.A preferred composition of the reinforcing steel produced according to the invention is given when using material 1.4003 according to DIN EN 10088.
Weiter ist bei entsprechender Steuerung der Walz- und Kühlparameter ein höherfester nichtrostender Betonstahl mit Re > 600 N/mm2 (= Bst 600), einer Zugfestigkeit Rm > 750 N/mm2 und einer Bruchdehnung Aj0 > 10 % herstellbar.Furthermore, with appropriate control of the rolling and cooling parameters, a higher-strength stainless reinforcing steel with Re> 600 N / mm 2 (= Bst 600), a tensile strength Rm> 750 N / mm 2 and an elongation at break Aj 0 > 10% can be produced.
Bei Anwendung höherer Nickelgehalte bei ferritisch-martensitischen bzw. martensitischen Chromstählen und entsprechender Steuerung der Walz- und Kühlparameter ist sogar ein hochfester nichtrostender Betonstahl mit Re ≥ 700N/mm2 (= BSt 700), einer Zugfestigkeit Rm > 900N/mm2 und einer Bruchdehnung Aι0 > 8% herstellbar.When using higher nickel contents with ferritic-martensitic or martensitic chrome steels and appropriate control of the rolling and cooling parameters, even a high-strength stainless reinforcing steel with Re ≥ 700N / mm 2 (= BSt 700), a tensile strength Rm> 900N / mm 2 and an elongation at break Aι 0 > 8% producible.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Angaben in den Patentansprüchen. Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following information in the patent claims.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung nichtrostender Baustähle der martensitischen bzw. ferritisch- martensitischen Klasse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stähle einer thermomechanischen Behandlung aus dem Temperaturgebiet γ oder γ + α unterzogen werden, die unmittelbar aus dem Walzprozeß heraus zur Erzielung der bestimmungsgemäßen Eigenschaften nach DIN 488 Tl erfolgt.1. Process for the production of stainless structural steels of the martensitic or ferritic-martensitic class, characterized in that the steels are subjected to a thermomechanical treatment from the temperature range γ or γ + α, which are carried out directly from the rolling process to achieve the intended properties in accordance with DIN 488 Tl is done.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung nichtrostender Baustähle der martensitischen bzw. ferritisch- martensitischen Klasse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung der Stähle durch Warmwalzen aus dem Temperaturgebiet γ oder γ + mit anschließendem Anlassen im Temperaturbereich von 650 - 720 °C zur Erzielung der bestimmungsgemäßen Eigenschaften nach DIN 488 Tl erfolgt.2. Process for the production of stainless structural steels of the martensitic or ferritic-martensitic class, characterized in that the treatment of the steels by hot rolling from the temperature range γ or γ + with subsequent tempering in the temperature range from 650 - 720 ° C to achieve the intended properties DIN 488 Tl takes place.
3. Nichtrostender Baustahl, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren gemäß Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stähle Gehalte an3. Stainless structural steel, produced by the method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the steels have contents
Cr 10,5-14,0 %,Cr 10.5-14.0%,
Ni = 0,01-4,0 %,Ni = 0.01-4.0%,
Mn = 0,01-3,0 %,Mn = 0.01-3.0%,
Mo = 0,01-2,0 % ,Mo = 0.01-2.0%,
Cu = 0,01-2,0 %,Cu = 0.01-2.0%,
C < 0,03 %,C <0.03%,
N < 0,03 % - vorzugsweise Summe C + N < 0,03%,N <0.03% - preferably sum C + N <0.03%,
Ti < 0,2 % aufweisen und in ihnen Si, P und S in technisch üblichen Grenzen als Verunreinigungen enthalten sind. Have Ti <0.2% and contain Si, P and S as impurities within the usual limits.
4. JNicntrostenαer öaustahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach erfindungsgemäßer thermomechanischer Behandlung ein höherfester, schweißbarer nichtrostender Betonstahl mit Eigenschaften, wie4. JNicntrostenαer öaustahl according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after the thermomechanical treatment according to the invention a higher strength, weldable stainless reinforcing steel with properties such as
Streckgrenze Re > 600 N/mm2 ,Yield strength Re> 600 N / mm 2 ,
Zugfestigkeit Rm > 750 N/mm2 undTensile strength Rm> 750 N / mm 2 and
Bruchdehnung AJO > 10 % herstellbar ist.Elongation at break A JO > 10% can be produced.
5. Nichtrostender Baustahl nach Anspruch 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anlassen im Temperaturbereich von 600 - 660 °C erfolgt.5. Stainless structural steel according to claim 2 and 4, characterized in that the tempering takes place in the temperature range of 600 - 660 ° C.
6. Nichtrostender Baustahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nickelgehalt Ni > 0,5% beträgt, so daß nach thermomechanischer Behandlung ein hochfester schweißbarer nichtrostender Betonstahl mit Eigenschaften, wie6. Stainless structural steel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nickel content Ni> 0.5%, so that after thermomechanical treatment a high-strength weldable stainless reinforcing steel with properties such as
Streckgrenze Re > 700 N/mm2 ,Yield strength Re> 700 N / mm 2 ,
Zugfestigkeit Rm > 850 N/mm2 undTensile strength Rm> 850 N / mm 2 and
Bruchdehnung A-0 > 8% herstellbar ist.Elongation at break A- 0 > 8% can be produced.
7. Nichtrostender Baustahl nach Anspruch 2 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anlassen im Temperaturbereich von 550 - 600 °C erfolgt.7. Stainless structural steel according to claim 2 and 6, characterized in that the tempering takes place in the temperature range of 550-600 ° C.
8. Nichtrostender Baustahl nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er für die Bewehrung von Porenbeton bzw. Leichtbeton verwendbar ist. 8. Stainless steel according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it can be used for the reinforcement of cellular concrete or lightweight concrete.
9. Nichtrostender Baustahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten nichtrostenden Betonstähle gleiche Schweißbarkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit wie ein geglühter und kaltumgeformter Betonstahl gleicher chemischer Zusammensetzung aufweisen. 9. Stainless steel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the stainless reinforcing steel produced according to the invention have the same weldability and corrosion resistance as an annealed and cold-formed reinforcing steel of the same chemical composition.
EP98966508A 1997-12-12 1998-12-07 Method for producing rust-resistant ferritic or ferritic-martensitic constructional steel Expired - Lifetime EP1040206B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19755409A DE19755409A1 (en) 1997-12-12 1997-12-12 Stainless structural steel and process for its manufacture
DE19755409 1997-12-12
PCT/DE1998/003583 WO1999031283A1 (en) 1997-12-12 1998-12-07 Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing the same

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EP1040206A1 true EP1040206A1 (en) 2000-10-04
EP1040206B1 EP1040206B1 (en) 2002-03-06

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EP (1) EP1040206B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1281514A (en)
AT (1) ATE214107T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9813553A (en)
DE (2) DE19755409A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1040206T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2172262T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1999031283A1 (en)

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ATE214107T1 (en) 2002-03-15
ES2172262T3 (en) 2002-09-16
BR9813553A (en) 2000-10-03
DE59803308D1 (en) 2002-04-11
EP1040206B1 (en) 2002-03-06
DE19755409A1 (en) 1999-06-17
CN1281514A (en) 2001-01-24
WO1999031283A1 (en) 1999-06-24
DK1040206T3 (en) 2002-06-17

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