EP1022514A1 - Method and device for controlling the gaseous fuel flow - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling the gaseous fuel flow Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1022514A1 EP1022514A1 EP00400115A EP00400115A EP1022514A1 EP 1022514 A1 EP1022514 A1 EP 1022514A1 EP 00400115 A EP00400115 A EP 00400115A EP 00400115 A EP00400115 A EP 00400115A EP 1022514 A1 EP1022514 A1 EP 1022514A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- calorific value
- regulation
- fuel
- calorific
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/08—Controlling two or more different types of fuel simultaneously
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2499—Mixture condition maintaining or sensing
- Y10T137/2509—By optical or chemical property
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the combustion characteristics of a gaseous fuel, and more particularly the calorific power conveyed by a current of gaseous fuel, including a stream of fossil fuel from natural gas type.
- the invention relates in particular to a regulation of a current of gaseous fuel distributed by a network of supply lines to industrial plants operating a thermal process, the regulation according to the invention preferably operating at the downstream end of said network, on the site of the industrial installation or just upstream of it.
- the industrial installations more particularly targeted are: glass installations using natural gas burners to ensure the melting (and possibly refining) of glass in the broad sense, that is to say of mineral compositions used to make flat glass (lines float), hollow glass (bottles, bottles), mineral wool from glass or rock type intended for thermal and / or acoustic insulation or glass fibers used for reinforcing materials of the type polymers, called reinforcing fibers or even textile fibers.
- the ovens have the most constant and uniform operating regime possible, one parameter among others, not negligible, being the properties of the fuel that powers the burners, including its calorific value.
- the distribution network supplies natural gas whose properties fluctuate, for various reasons, the most frequent is the fact that the network is supplied with natural gas from different properties by multiple sources of supply.
- a first mode of regulation consisted in playing on the flow of the fuel, by correcting its calorific value by high value in increasing its flow, or by low value by decreasing its flow with a non-combustible gas to decrease its flow, flow corrections occurring in the same proportions as the fluctuations observed in the calorific value of the fuel.
- This regulation mode allows maintain the heat flow entering the oven at its set value. Whether this regulation is done manually or automatically, the limits were quickly reached: indeed, it was observed that a simple correction of the calorific power of the incoming gas by modulation proportional flow failed to stabilize perfectly the oven speed, all other things being equal. This could be explained by the fact that variations in fuel flows at the level of burners are also causing changes in the way the combustion takes place, in the way the flame will develop above glass bath in particular.
- the object of the invention is to achieve a regulation which best preserves the stability of the operating regime from the oven, when the fuel is intended to supply the burners of a glass oven type oven.
- the object of the invention is a method of regulating ⁇ power heat ifique of a gaseous fuel stream of the fossil gas type comprising a majority combustible gas called ⁇ A ⁇ and circulating in a conduct. It consists in operating the regulation, at least in part, by controlled addition to the stream of at least one combustible gas called ⁇ B ⁇ of calorific value higher than that of ⁇ A ⁇ .
- the gas called ⁇ A ⁇ is methane CH 4 , the majority compound of the fossil gaseous fuel known under the term of natural gas, which is therefore the stream of gaseous fuel to which the regulation according to the invention preferably applies (the invention can also be applied mutadis mutandi to other streams of combustible gas, for example manufactured gas).
- the ratio C / H of the fuel without unit, which corresponds to the ratio of the total number of carbons on the total number of hydrogen of the fuel (for example, in the case of methane CH4, this ratio C / H is 1 ⁇ 4, or 0.25).
- B Va / (d) 1 ⁇ 2 , with Va the theoretical air necessary for the combustion of one m 3 of fuel, B being a dimensionless quantity if Va is expressed in normal m3 of air per normal m 3 of fuel.
- the invention therefore adopted a regulation ⁇ by high value ⁇ , that is to say making it possible to control the calorific value of the fuel by adjusting it towards higher values using a gas more ⁇ calorific ⁇ than the fuel, or more precisely more ⁇ calorific ⁇ than the majority gas of the latter.
- a gas more ⁇ calorific ⁇ than the fuel or more precisely more ⁇ calorific ⁇ than the majority gas of the latter.
- methane which generally represents more than 80% of natural gas, the minority compounds being for example traces of inert gas type N 2 or longer chain hydrocarbons.
- the regulation is done only using such a more calorific gas. Regulation does not modify the volume flow rate of the gas stream thus regulated, or only very little.
- This type of regulation brings many advantages.
- the advantage main is that there is a marked improvement in the stability of operation of the furnace equipped with burners supplied with fuel thus regulated.
- the explanation that we can put forward is that this mode of regulation allows to control the incoming calorific flow without modifying significantly the volume flow and therefore without modifying the properties flame aeraulics (length, speed, ).
- Another important and completely unexpected advantage relates to the emission of so-called NO x gases by the ovens whose burners are thus regulated: it has been observed effectively that an upward regulation operated as in the invention allows a significant reduction in NO x emissions from ovens, which is extremely positive for the environment.
- the gas ⁇ B ⁇ is chosen from hydrocarbons having at least two carbons, whether they are saturated or have at least one unsaturation. It can be linear or branched. Preferably, it contains from 2 to 6 carbons and is in particular in the form of propane or of n-butane. In fact, we prefer to choose a fuel in gaseous form without further treatment in pressure and temperature conditions where the current is fuel to be regulated. The cost of the chosen hydrocarbon also comes into play and its availability.
- petroleum gas i.e. from petroleum refining, especially based on propane or n-butane (it being understood that these so-called petroleum gases, if they have a constituent majority such as propane or butane can also contain other minority elements, for example propene, butene, ..., as is well known).
- the response times of the mentioned loops above are, for example, a few seconds for the so-called loop ⁇ fast ⁇ , and 1 to 3 minutes for the so-called ⁇ slow ⁇ loop if using a comburimeter up to 5 to 15 minutes if using a chromatograph in gas phase.
- a measurement to within 1 to 2% with a comburimeter and with a chromatograph a measurement to 0.5 to 1%.
- the chromatograph is therefore a little more precise, but does not allow continuous measurement.
- use Chromatograph allows them to be taken into account without problem.
- the invention also relates to the application of the method and the previously described device to regulate the calorific value a fuel stream in a pipe at the end a power network with one or more sources of supply, and more particularly of a current of fuel in a line supplying fuel to one or several burners used in an industrial installation of the type glass installation.
- the invention also relates to the glass furnace itself, equipped burners at least part of which is supplied with fuel regulated according to the invention.
- Simplicity means that regulation takes place on the pipe main supplying fuel to all the burners of the installation, nothing, however, prevents regulation on secondary pipes, at the level of each of the burners or only at the level of certain of them.
- the invention however applies more generally to any type of glass furnace using natural gas burners, such as so-called loop regenerators, the ovens for flat glass operating without regenerators and generally using oxidant burners under form of oxygen (an example of which is described in patent EP-0 650 934). They may be ovens also intended for the manufacture of hollow glass of mineral wool or reinforcing yarn.
- the ovens that can benefit from the invention can also use so-called "submerged” gas burners, that is, configured so that the combustion flame or the gases from combustion develop within the batch material in fusion (an example being described in patents US-3,260,587 and US-3 738,792).
- the invention proposes to regulate the Wobbe index (or the PCS) of the flow of natural gas in this pipeline on the industrial site.
- a tapping where we will be able to take a sample at a given frequency of fuel to measure its properties (the Wobbe index or the PCS), either directly using a measuring device of the type described in the aforementioned patent EP-0 326 494 A1, either using a gas chromatograph.
- the optimal measurement frequency is three minutes, which allows you to react very quickly to any rapid fluctuation in the calorific value of the natural gas supplied, and to control the efficiency of the driving regulation.
- a pipe is provided secondary propane injection fitted with a flow control means, this secondary pipe being supplied either by a network of propane distribution either by a propane storage enclosure (the propane in question is commercial propane, derived from the refining of petroleum and which can contain, for example, up to 10 or 20% of other minority compounds, usually other hydrocarbons such as propene).
- IT means control both the measurement means of Wobbe index of natural gas flow and means of flow control of propane: a set value of Wobbe index (or of PCS) maximum.
- IT resources by comparison between the index of Wobbe (or the PCS) measured and that of the setpoint, control so continues to increase or decrease the flow rate of propane injected in the main line, so that the measurement is equal to the instructions.
- the regulation according to the invention promotes a drop in the specific energy consumption of the oven: increase the efficiency the thermal effect of the oven reduces its operating cost and thus cover, at least in part, the additional cost linked to the injection of propane.
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif en vue de réguler les caractéristiques de combustion d'un combustible gazeux, et plus particulièrement la puissance calorifique véhiculée par un courant de combustible gazeux, notamment un courant de combustible fossile du type gaz naturel.The invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the combustion characteristics of a gaseous fuel, and more particularly the calorific power conveyed by a current of gaseous fuel, including a stream of fossil fuel from natural gas type.
L'invention se rapporte notamment à une régulation d'un courant de combustible gazeux distribué par un réseau de conduites d'alimentation à des installations industrielles exploitant un processus thermique, la régulation selon l'invention s'opérant de préférence à l'extrémité aval dudit réseau, sur le site de l'installation industrielle ou juste en amont de celui-ci.The invention relates in particular to a regulation of a current of gaseous fuel distributed by a network of supply lines to industrial plants operating a thermal process, the regulation according to the invention preferably operating at the downstream end of said network, on the site of the industrial installation or just upstream of it.
Les installations industrielles plus particulièrement visées sont les installations verrières utilisant des brûleurs au gaz naturel pour assurer la fusion (et éventuellement l'affinage) du verre au sens large, c'est-à-dire de compositions minérales utilisées pour fabriquer du verre plat (lignes float), du verre creux (bouteilleries, flaconnage), de la laine minérale du type verre ou roche destinée à l'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique ou des fibres de verre utilisées pour le renforcement de matériaux de type polymères, appelées fibres de renforcement ou encore fibres textile.The industrial installations more particularly targeted are: glass installations using natural gas burners to ensure the melting (and possibly refining) of glass in the broad sense, that is to say of mineral compositions used to make flat glass (lines float), hollow glass (bottles, bottles), mineral wool from glass or rock type intended for thermal and / or acoustic insulation or glass fibers used for reinforcing materials of the type polymers, called reinforcing fibers or even textile fibers.
Dans tous ces types d'installations, il est important que les fours aient un régime de fonctionnement le plus constant et uniforme possible, un paramètre parmi d'autres, non négligeable, étant les propriétés du combustible qui alimente les brûleurs, notamment son pouvoir calorifique. Or, il peut arriver que le réseau de distribution fournisse un gaz naturel dont les propriétés fluctuent, ceci pour différentes raisons dont la plus fréquente est le fait que le réseau se trouve alimenté en gaz naturels de propriétés différentes par plusieurs sources d'approvisionnement.In all these types of installations, it is important that the ovens have the most constant and uniform operating regime possible, one parameter among others, not negligible, being the properties of the fuel that powers the burners, including its calorific value. However, it may happen that the distribution network supplies natural gas whose properties fluctuate, for various reasons, the most frequent is the fact that the network is supplied with natural gas from different properties by multiple sources of supply.
Il s'est donc avéré nécessaire de mettre en oeuvre des actions correctrices pour compenser ces variations de pouvoir calorifique.It therefore proved necessary to implement actions corrective measures to compensate for these variations in calorific value.
Un premier mode de régulation a consisté à jouer sur le débit du combustible, en corrigeant son pouvoir calorifique par valeur haute en augmentant son débit, ou par valeur basse en diminuant son débit avec un gaz non combustible pour diminuer son débit, les corrections de débit se faisant dans les mêmes proportions que les fluctuations observées dans le pouvoir calorifique du combustible. Ce mode de régulation permet de maintenir le débit calorifique entrant dans le four à sa valeur de consigne. Que cette régulation se fasse manuellement ou de façon automatisée, les limites en ont été vite atteintes: en effet, on a observé qu'une simple correction de la puissance calorifique du gaz entrant par modulation proportionnelle du débit ne parvenait pas à stabiliser parfaitement le régime du four, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Cela pourrait s'expliquer par le fait que des variations dans les débits de combustible au niveau des brûleurs engendrent par ailleurs des modifications dans la façon dont la combustion s'opère, dans la façon dont la flamme va se développer au-dessus du bain de verre notamment.A first mode of regulation consisted in playing on the flow of the fuel, by correcting its calorific value by high value in increasing its flow, or by low value by decreasing its flow with a non-combustible gas to decrease its flow, flow corrections occurring in the same proportions as the fluctuations observed in the calorific value of the fuel. This regulation mode allows maintain the heat flow entering the oven at its set value. Whether this regulation is done manually or automatically, the limits were quickly reached: indeed, it was observed that a simple correction of the calorific power of the incoming gas by modulation proportional flow failed to stabilize perfectly the oven speed, all other things being equal. This could be explained by the fact that variations in fuel flows at the level of burners are also causing changes in the way the combustion takes place, in the way the flame will develop above glass bath in particular.
Le but que s'est fixée l'invention est alors la mise au point d'un mode de régulation amélioré du pouvoir calorifique d'un courant de combustible gazeux, visant notamment à minimiser toute modification induite par la régulation elle-même dans la façon dont la combustion s'opère. Plus précisément, le but de l'invention est de parvenir à une régulation qui préserve au mieux la stabilité du régime de fonctionnement du four, quand le combustible est destiné à alimenter les brûleurs d'un four de type four verrier.The goal that the invention set for itself is then the development of a improved regulation mode of the calorific value of a gaseous fuel, aimed in particular at minimizing any modification induced by regulation itself in the way that combustion takes place. More specifically, the object of the invention is to achieve a regulation which best preserves the stability of the operating regime from the oven, when the fuel is intended to supply the burners of a glass oven type oven.
L'objet de l'invention est un procédé de régulation du 〈〈 pouvoir calorifique 〉〉 d'un courant de combustible gazeux du type gaz fossile comportant un gaz combustible majoritaire dit 〈〈 A 〉〉 et circulant dans une conduite. Il consiste à opérer la régulation, au moins pour partie, par ajout contrôlé dans le courant d'au moins un gaz combustible dit 〈〈 B 〉〉 de pouvoir calorifique supérieur à celui de 〈〈 A 〉〉.The object of the invention is a method of regulating 〈〈 power heat ifique of a gaseous fuel stream of the fossil gas type comprising a majority combustible gas called 〈〈 A 〉〉 and circulating in a conduct. It consists in operating the regulation, at least in part, by controlled addition to the stream of at least one combustible gas called 〈〈 B 〉〉 of calorific value higher than that of 〈〈 A 〉〉.
Avantageusement, le gaz dit 〈〈 A 〉〉 est du méthane CH4, composé majoritaire du combustible gazeux fossile connu sous le terme de gaz naturel, qui est donc le courant de combustible gazeux auquel la régulation selon l'invention s'applique préférentiellement (l'invention peut aussi s'appliquer mutadis mutandi à d'autres courants de gaz combustible, par exemple du gaz manufacturé).Advantageously, the gas called 〈〈 A 〉〉 is methane CH 4 , the majority compound of the fossil gaseous fuel known under the term of natural gas, which is therefore the stream of gaseous fuel to which the regulation according to the invention preferably applies ( the invention can also be applied mutadis mutandi to other streams of combustible gas, for example manufactured gas).
Au sens de l'invention, le terme 〈〈 pouvoir calorifique 〉〉 est à prendre
au sens large et non stricto senso : il peut être tout paramètre connu dans
le domaine de la fourniture de gaz combustible pour apprécier
quantitativement la performance thermique du combustible lors de la
combustion. Il peut s'agir du pouvoir calorifique supérieur (PCS), bien
connu dans le domaine, qui s'exprime en kwh/m3 normal, que l'on relie à
la puissance calorifique Pu par la relation
Il peut aussi s'agir du rapport C/H du combustible, sans unité, qui
correspond au rapport du nombre de carbones total sur le nombre
d'hydrogènes total du combustible (par exemple, dans le cas du méthane
CH4, ce rapport C/H est de ¼, soit 0,25). Il peut encore s'agir de l'indice
de Wobbe W que l'on peut relier au PCS par la relation :
On peut aussi envisager d'utiliser l'indice de comburité B se définissant par :It is also possible to consider using the combustion index B se defining by:
Il a en effet été vérifié une bonne corrélation dans les régulations, quelque soit le paramètre choisi, avec peut être une préférence pour la régulation utilisant l'indice de Wobbe qui prend aussi en compte les variations de densité du gaz contrairement au PCS.A good correlation has indeed been verified in the regulations, whatever the chosen parameter, with maybe a preference for the regulation using the Wobbe index which also takes into account gas density variations unlike PCS.
L'invention a donc adopté une régulation 〈〈 par valeur haute 〉〉, c'est-à-dire permettant de contrôler le pouvoir calorifique du combustible en l'ajustant vers des valeurs supérieures à l'aide d'un gaz plus 〈〈 calorifique 〉〉 que le combustible, ou plus précisément plus 〈〈 calorifique 〉〉 que le gaz majoritaire de ce dernier. (Il est en effet bien connu que dans le cas du gaz naturel, celui-ci comporte un gaz largement majoritaire, le méthane, qui représente généralement plus de 80% du gaz naturel, les composés minoritaires étant par exemple des traces de gaz inerte type N2 ou d'hydrocarbures à chaínes plus longues). De préférence, la régulation ne se fait qu'à l'aide d'un tel gaz plus calorifique. La régulation ne modifie pas ou très peu le débit volumique du courant gazeux ainsi régulé.The invention therefore adopted a regulation 〈〈 by high value 〉〉, that is to say making it possible to control the calorific value of the fuel by adjusting it towards higher values using a gas more 〈〈 calorific 〉〉 than the fuel, or more precisely more 〈〈 calorific 〉〉 than the majority gas of the latter. (It is indeed well known that in the case of natural gas, this comprises a largely majority gas, methane, which generally represents more than 80% of natural gas, the minority compounds being for example traces of inert gas type N 2 or longer chain hydrocarbons). Preferably, the regulation is done only using such a more calorific gas. Regulation does not modify the volume flow rate of the gas stream thus regulated, or only very little.
Ce type de régulation apporte beaucoup d'avantages. L'avantage principal est qu'on observe une nette amélioration dans la stabilité de fonctionnement du four équipé des brûleurs alimentés avec le combustible ainsi régulé. L'explication que l'on peut avancer est que ce mode de régulation permet de contrôler le débit calorifique entrant sans modifier significativement le débit volumique et donc sans modifier les propriétés aérauliques de la flamme (longueur, vitesse, ...).This type of regulation brings many advantages. The advantage main is that there is a marked improvement in the stability of operation of the furnace equipped with burners supplied with fuel thus regulated. The explanation that we can put forward is that this mode of regulation allows to control the incoming calorific flow without modifying significantly the volume flow and therefore without modifying the properties flame aeraulics (length, speed, ...).
Un autre avantage important et tout-à-fait inattendu concerne l'émission de gaz dits NOx par les fours dont les brûleurs sont ainsi régulés : il a été observé effectivement qu'une régulation à la hausse opérée comme dans l'invention permettait une réduction significative de l'émission des NOx par les fours, ce qui est un point extrêmement positif pour l'environnement.Another important and completely unexpected advantage relates to the emission of so-called NO x gases by the ovens whose burners are thus regulated: it has been observed effectively that an upward regulation operated as in the invention allows a significant reduction in NO x emissions from ovens, which is extremely positive for the environment.
Par ailleurs, en régulant ainsi le pouvoir calorifique du combustible par valeur haute, on peut diminuer la consommation spécifique en énergie du four, du type four verrier, que l'on exprime de manière connue en kilowatt heure par tonne de verre. Ce gain énergétique constitue un troisième avantage notable apporté par l'invention, et cela d'autant plus qu'il permet de minimiser notablement le coût induit par la régulation selon l'invention, notamment celui du gaz 〈〈 B 〉〉 de type propane injecté.Furthermore, thereby regulating the calorific value of the fuel by high value, we can decrease the specific energy consumption of the furnace, of the glass furnace type, which is expressed in a known manner in kilowatt hour per ton of glass. This energy gain constitutes a third notable advantage provided by the invention, and all the more so that it makes it possible to significantly minimize the cost induced by regulation according to the invention, in particular that of gas 〈〈 B 〉〉 of propane type injected.
Avantageusement le gaz 〈〈 B 〉〉 est choisi parmi les hydrocarbures ayant au moins deux carbones, qu'ils soient saturés ou qu'ils présentent au moins une insaturation. Il peut être linéaire ou ramifié. De préférence, il comporte de 2 à 6 carbones et est notamment sous forme de propane ou de n-butane. En fait, on choisit de préférence un combustible se présentant sous forme gazeuse sans traitement supplémentaire dans les conditions de pression et de température où se trouve le courant de combustible à réguler. Interviennent aussi le coût de l'hydrocarbure choisi et sa disponibilité.Advantageously, the gas 〈〈 B 〉〉 is chosen from hydrocarbons having at least two carbons, whether they are saturated or have at least one unsaturation. It can be linear or branched. Preferably, it contains from 2 to 6 carbons and is in particular in the form of propane or of n-butane. In fact, we prefer to choose a fuel in gaseous form without further treatment in pressure and temperature conditions where the current is fuel to be regulated. The cost of the chosen hydrocarbon also comes into play and its availability.
Il peut s'agir plus généralement de gaz dit gaz de pétrole, c'est-à-dire issu du raffinage du pétrole, notamment à base de propane ou de n-butane (étant entendu que ces gaz dits de pétrole, s'ils ont un constituant majoritaire tel que le propane ou le butane peuvent également contenir d'autres éléments minoritaires, par exemple du propène, du butène, ..., comme cela est bien connu).More generally, it may be gas called petroleum gas, i.e. from petroleum refining, especially based on propane or n-butane (it being understood that these so-called petroleum gases, if they have a constituent majority such as propane or butane can also contain other minority elements, for example propene, butene, ..., as is well known).
Sans rentrer dans le détail d'un organigramme de régulation, on
peut dire que la régulation selon l'invention fait de préférence intervenir
les étapes suivantes :
Beaucoup de variantes de réalisation sont ensuite possibles.Many variant embodiments are then possible.
Ainsi, on peut choisir d'injecter en permanence au moins un débit minimal en gaz 〈〈 B 〉〉 dans le courant de combustible ou non, et donc de réguler avec un ajout de 〈〈 B 〉〉 dans une gamme de débit allant de Qmin (débit minimum) à Qmax (débit maximum), avec Qmin égal à zéro ou à une valeur positive de débit.Thus, one can choose to permanently inject at least a minimum gas flow rate 〈〈 B 〉〉 into the fuel stream or not, and therefore to regulate with an addition of 〈〈 B 〉〉 in a range of flow rates ranging from Q min (minimum flow) to Q max (maximum flow), with Q min equal to zero or to a positive value for flow.
Selon un mode de réalisation non limitatif, la régulation selon
l'invention peut posséder les caractéristiques suivantes :
En ce qui concerne la mesure du pouvoir calorifique du courant de
combustible, deux façons d'opérer sont notamment possibles :
On a intérêt à ajuster le pouvoir calorifique le plus fréquemment possible, en restant dépendant des moyens que l'on a à disposition, notamment ceux mesurant le pouvoir calorifique du combustible.It is best to adjust the calorific value most frequently possible, while remaining dependent on the means available, especially those measuring the calorific value of the fuel.
Avantageusement, les temps de réponse des boucles mentionnées ci-dessus sont, par exemple, de quelques secondes pour la boucle dite 〈〈 rapide 〉〉, et de 1 à 3 minutes pour la boucle dite 〈〈 lente 〉〉 si l'on utilise un comburimètre jusqu'à 5 à 15 minutes si l'on utilise un chromatographe en phase gazeuse. Pour donner un ordre de grandeur, on peut dire que l'on obtient avec un comburimètre une mesure à 1 à 2% près et avec un chromatographe une mesure à 0,5 à 1% près. Le chromatographe est donc un peu plus précis, mais ne permet pas de mesure en continu. Cependant, comme il a été observé que généralement les variations dans les propriétés de combustion des courants de combustible du type gaz naturel les plus rapides ont lieu en au moins 15 à 20 minutes, l'utilisation du chromatographe permet donc de les prendre en compte sans problème.Advantageously, the response times of the mentioned loops above are, for example, a few seconds for the so-called loop 〈〈 fast 〉〉, and 1 to 3 minutes for the so-called 〈〈 slow 〉〉 loop if using a comburimeter up to 5 to 15 minutes if using a chromatograph in gas phase. To give an order of magnitude, we can say that we obtains a measurement to within 1 to 2% with a comburimeter and with a chromatograph a measurement to 0.5 to 1%. The chromatograph is therefore a little more precise, but does not allow continuous measurement. However, as it has been observed that generally the variations in the combustion properties of gas-type fuel streams fastest natural take place in at least 15 to 20 minutes, use Chromatograph allows them to be taken into account without problem.
L'invention a également pour objet le dispositif de régulation du
〈〈 pouvoir calorifique 〉〉 d'un courant de combustible gazeux du type gaz
fossile comportant un gaz majoritaire dit 〈〈 A 〉〉 et circulant dans une
conduite, le dispositif comportant :
L'invention a également pour objet l'application du procédé et du dispositif décrits précédemment à une régulation du pouvoir calorifique d'un courant de combustible dans une conduite se situant à l'extrémité d'un réseau d'alimentation muni d'une ou plusieurs sources d'approvisionnement, et plus particulièrement d'un courant de combustible dans une conduite alimentant en combustible un ou plusieurs brûleurs utilisés dans une installation industrielle du type installation verrière.The invention also relates to the application of the method and the previously described device to regulate the calorific value a fuel stream in a pipe at the end a power network with one or more sources of supply, and more particularly of a current of fuel in a line supplying fuel to one or several burners used in an industrial installation of the type glass installation.
L'invention a également pour objet le four verrier lui-même, équipé des brûleurs dont au moins une partie est alimentée en combustible régulé selon l'invention.The invention also relates to the glass furnace itself, equipped burners at least part of which is supplied with fuel regulated according to the invention.
La simplicité veut que la régulation s'opère sur la conduite principale alimentant en combustible tous les brûleurs de l'installation, rien n'empêchant cependant la régulation sur des conduites secondaires, au niveau de chacun des brûleurs ou seulement au niveau de certains d'entre eux.Simplicity means that regulation takes place on the pipe main supplying fuel to all the burners of the installation, nothing, however, prevents regulation on secondary pipes, at the level of each of the burners or only at the level of certain of them.
L'invention sera décrite ci-après plus en détails à l'aide d'un mode de réalisation non limitatif qui concerne un four verrier du type de ceux utilisés dans la fabrication du verre plat du type float. Il s'agit, de manière bien connue, d'un four fonctionnant en inversion, équipé de deux régénérateurs latéraux et présentant substantiellement une symétrie axiale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du four dans la répartition des brûleurs, qui fonctionnent ici avec du gaz naturel comme combustible. Pour plus de détails, on pourra notamment se reporter au brevet WO-98/02386.The invention will be described below in more detail using a mode non-limiting embodiment which relates to a glass furnace of the type of those used in the manufacture of flat glass of the float type. It is, in a way well known, an oven operating in inversion, equipped with two lateral regenerators and having substantially symmetry axial with respect to the longitudinal axis of the oven in the distribution of burners, which work here with natural gas as fuel. For more details, reference may in particular be made to patent WO-98/02386.
L'invention s'applique cependant plus généralement à tout type de four de verrerie utilisant des brûleurs au gaz naturel, comme les fours à régénérateurs dits à boucle, les fours pour le verre plat fonctionnant sans régénérateurs et généralement utilisant des brûleurs à comburant sous forme d'oxygène (dont un exemple est décrit dans le brevet EP-0 650 934). Il peut s'agir de fours destinés aussi à la fabrication de verre creux de laine minérale ou de fils de renforcement. Les fours pouvant bénéficier de l'invention peuvent également utiliser des brûleurs à gaz dits 〈〈 immergés 〉〉, c'est-à-dire configurés de façon à ce que la flamme de combustion ou les gaz issus de la combustion se développe au sein de la matière vitrifiable en fusion (un exemple étant décrit dans les brevets US-3 260 587 et US-3 738 792).The invention however applies more generally to any type of glass furnace using natural gas burners, such as so-called loop regenerators, the ovens for flat glass operating without regenerators and generally using oxidant burners under form of oxygen (an example of which is described in patent EP-0 650 934). They may be ovens also intended for the manufacture of hollow glass of mineral wool or reinforcing yarn. The ovens that can benefit from the invention can also use so-called "submerged" gas burners, that is, configured so that the combustion flame or the gases from combustion develop within the batch material in fusion (an example being described in patents US-3,260,587 and US-3 738,792).
La conception même des brûleurs de verrerie n'est pas non plus limitative, et est connue de l'homme de l'art.The design of glassware burners is also not limiting, and is known to those skilled in the art.
On expose ci-après de façon très schématique la façon dont la régulation selon l'invention s'opère.We set out very schematically below the way in which the regulation according to the invention takes place.
Si l'on part d'un four à régénérateurs latéraux, on a donc deux séries d'injecteurs de combustible se faisant face dans les deux parois latérales du four. Ceux-ci sont alimentés par une conduite principale en gaz naturel, se situant à l'extrémité d'un réseau de distribution national. L'invention se propose de réguler l'indice de Wobbe (ou le PCS) du flux de gaz naturel dans cette conduite sur le site industriel.If we start from an oven with side regenerators, we therefore have two series of fuel injectors facing each other in the two walls sides of the oven. These are supplied by a main pipe in natural gas, located at the end of a national distribution network. The invention proposes to regulate the Wobbe index (or the PCS) of the flow of natural gas in this pipeline on the industrial site.
Concrètement, on prévoit sur la conduite d'alimentation du four un piquage où l'on va pouvoir prélever à une fréquence donnée un échantillon de combustible pour en mesurer les propriétés (l'indice de Wobbe ou le PCS), soit directement à l'aide d'un appareil de mesure du type de celui décrit dans le brevet EP-0 326 494 A1 précité, soit à l'aide d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse. Avec l'utilisation d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse, la fréquence optimale de mesure est de trois minutes, ce qui permet de réagir très rapidement à toute fluctuation rapide dans le pouvoir calorifique du gaz naturel fourni, et de contrôler l'efficacité de la régulation sur la conduite. En amont de ce piquage nécessaire pour mesurer les propriétés du flux de combustible, on prévoit une conduite secondaire d'injection de propane munie d'un moyen de contrôle de débit, cette conduite secondaire étant alimentée soit par un réseau de distribution de propane soit par une enceinte de stockage de propane (le propane en question est un propane commercial, issu du raffinage du pétrole et qui peut contenir, par exemple, jusqu'à 10 ou 20% d'autres composés minoritaires, généralement d'autres hydrocarbures tels que le propène).Concretely, there is provided on the furnace supply line a tapping where we will be able to take a sample at a given frequency of fuel to measure its properties (the Wobbe index or the PCS), either directly using a measuring device of the type described in the aforementioned patent EP-0 326 494 A1, either using a gas chromatograph. With the use of a chromatograph in the gas phase, the optimal measurement frequency is three minutes, which allows you to react very quickly to any rapid fluctuation in the calorific value of the natural gas supplied, and to control the efficiency of the driving regulation. Upstream of this pricking necessary for measure the properties of the fuel flow, a pipe is provided secondary propane injection fitted with a flow control means, this secondary pipe being supplied either by a network of propane distribution either by a propane storage enclosure (the propane in question is commercial propane, derived from the refining of petroleum and which can contain, for example, up to 10 or 20% of other minority compounds, usually other hydrocarbons such as propene).
Des moyens informatiques pilotent à la fois le moyen de mesure de l'indice de Wobbe du flux de gaz naturel et le moyen de contrôle du débit du propane : on impose une valeur de consigne d'indice de Wobbe (ou de PCS) maximal. Les moyens informatiques, par comparaison entre l'indice de Wobbe (ou le PCS) mesuré et celui de la consigne, pilotent de façon continue l'augmentation ou la diminution de débit du propane injecté dans la conduite principale, de façon à ce que la mesure soit égale à la consigne.IT means control both the measurement means of Wobbe index of natural gas flow and means of flow control of propane: a set value of Wobbe index (or of PCS) maximum. IT resources, by comparison between the index of Wobbe (or the PCS) measured and that of the setpoint, control so continues to increase or decrease the flow rate of propane injected in the main line, so that the measurement is equal to the instructions.
Economiquement, il est préférable de limiter au maximum la quantité de propane à injecter, car son coût est nettement supérieur à celui du gaz naturel. On privilégie ainsi une régulation par valeur haute, où, hors fluctuations, on n'ajoute aucun propane au courant de gaz naturel. Il faut donc caler correctement la valeur-consigne maximum en fonction de la gamme de variations connue de l'indice de Wobbe (ou de PCS) (détermination d'une 〈〈 fenêtre de régulation 〉〉 appropriée).Economically, it is preferable to limit the quantity of propane to inject, because its cost is much higher than that of natural gas. We therefore favor a regulation by high value, where, apart from fluctuations, no propane is added to the gas stream natural. It is therefore necessary to correctly set the maximum setpoint in function of the known range of variations of the Wobbe index (or PCS) (determination of an appropriate "control window").
Comme évoqué plus haut, on a vérifié que stabiliser ainsi l'indice de Wobbe (le même raisonnement pouvant se faire sur le PCS ou le rapport C/H par exemple) permettait de mieux préserver la stabilité dans le régime du four. En effet, le pouvoir calorifique du propane commercial étant environ 2,5 fois plus grand que celui du CH4, composant largement majoritaire du gaz naturel, les débit de propane nécessaires à assurer la régulation sont faibles et peu perturbateurs sur le courant de combustible.As mentioned above, it has been verified that thus stabilizing the Wobbe index (the same reasoning that can be done on the PCS or the C / H ratio for example) makes it possible to better preserve the stability in the regime of the oven. Indeed, the calorific value of commercial propane being approximately 2.5 times greater than that of CH 4 , a largely majority component of natural gas, the propane flow rates necessary to ensure regulation are low and not very disturbing on the fuel stream.
En outre, on a pu aussi vérifier que ce type de régulation tendait à diminuer les émissions de NOx du four par rapport à des régulations standards consistant par exemple à diluer le gaz naturel à l'air ou à en augmenter le débit. Une régulation par valeur haute du pouvoir calorifique au sens large du combustible est donc favorable à la préservation de l'environnement.In addition, it was also possible to verify that this type of regulation tended to reduce NOx emissions from the oven compared to regulations standards such as diluting natural gas with air or increase the flow. Regulation by high value of the calorific value in the broad sense of fuel is therefore favorable to the preservation of the environment.
Enfin, la régulation selon l'invention favorise une baisse de la consommation spécifique en énergie du four : augmenter le rendement thermique du four permet d'en diminuer le coût de fonctionnement et de prendre ainsi en charge, au moins en partie, le surcoût lié à l'injection du propane.Finally, the regulation according to the invention promotes a drop in the specific energy consumption of the oven: increase the efficiency the thermal effect of the oven reduces its operating cost and thus cover, at least in part, the additional cost linked to the injection of propane.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9900680 | 1999-01-22 | ||
FR9900680A FR2788839B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 1999-01-22 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGULATING A GAS FUEL CURRENT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1022514A1 true EP1022514A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
EP1022514B1 EP1022514B1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
Family
ID=9541111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00400115A Expired - Lifetime EP1022514B1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2000-01-18 | Method and device for controlling the gaseous fuel flow |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6495731B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1022514B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000220820A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE244857T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ297204B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60003729T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1022514T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2203402T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2788839B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL190981B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1022514E (en) |
SK (1) | SK284947B6 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003062618A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a gas turbine group |
FR2847659A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-28 | Air Liquide | Combustion procedure for use in industrial site e.g. chemical factory, involves adding oxygen to air in order to avail source of fuel with thirty percent oxygen volume, and making oxidant to react with fuel |
WO2017152845A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | 西门子公司 | Combustion monitoring method, device and system for natural gas burner |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ300482B6 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2009-05-27 | Method and apparatus for controlling heating gas efficiency | |
US20050124836A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-06-09 | Sutton William H. | Method of dissolving a gaseous hydrocarbon into a liquid hydrocarbon |
US7117862B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2006-10-10 | Dresser, Inc. | Adaptive engine control |
EP1645804A1 (en) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a burner, especially a gas turbine burner, and apparatus for executing the method |
US8108128B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-01-31 | Dresser, Inc. | Controlling exhaust gas recirculation |
JP5843578B2 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-01-13 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Gas mixture supply system |
JP7080083B2 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2022-06-03 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Calorific value measuring device and calorific value measuring method |
IT202100023858A1 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-16 | Sacmi Forni & Filter S P A | METHOD AND KILN FOR FIRING SUBSTANTIALLY FLAT BASIC CERAMIC ITEMS |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3260587A (en) | 1962-12-05 | 1966-07-12 | Selas Corp Of America | Method of melting glass with submerged combustion heaters and apparatus therefor |
DE1234160B (en) * | 1964-05-09 | 1967-02-16 | Gaselan Veb | Wobbe number controller |
US3738792A (en) | 1972-02-11 | 1973-06-12 | Selas Corp Of America | Industrial burner |
JPS586321A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method to feed mixed gas fuel with its air-fuel ratio made constant into wide range of combustion equipment |
EP0075369A1 (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1983-03-30 | N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie | Method and device for keeping the heat load on gas-fired equipment constant |
JPS63153315A (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-25 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Control of combustibility of fuel gas and its device |
EP0326494A1 (en) | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-02 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Apparatus for measuring the calorific power carried by a flow of combustible matter |
JPH0571729A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | Combustion control method for mixed gas |
EP0650934A1 (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-03 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Apparatus for melting glass |
JPH07197053A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-01 | Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd | Production of city gas |
WO1998002386A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSION IN A GLASS FURNACE |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2547970A (en) * | 1948-02-28 | 1951-04-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Controlling heating valve of natural gas |
NL170923C (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1983-01-17 | Estel Hoogovens Bv | GAS MIXER. |
WO1990010222A1 (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1990-09-07 | Precision Measurement, Inc. | Instrument and method for heating value measurement by stoichiometric combustion |
JPH0686598B2 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1994-11-02 | 西部瓦斯株式会社 | High calorific city gas production method |
US5288149A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1994-02-22 | Panametrics, Inc. | Gas calorimeter and wobbe index meter |
US5900515A (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1999-05-04 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | High energy density storage of methane in light hydrocarbon solutions |
-
1999
- 1999-01-22 FR FR9900680A patent/FR2788839B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-01-18 DK DK00400115T patent/DK1022514T3/en active
- 2000-01-18 DE DE60003729T patent/DE60003729T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-18 PT PT00400115T patent/PT1022514E/en unknown
- 2000-01-18 AT AT00400115T patent/ATE244857T1/en active
- 2000-01-18 EP EP00400115A patent/EP1022514B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-18 ES ES00400115T patent/ES2203402T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-01-21 SK SK82-2000A patent/SK284947B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-21 CZ CZ20000247A patent/CZ297204B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-21 PL PL337960A patent/PL190981B1/en unknown
- 2000-01-24 JP JP2000017916A patent/JP2000220820A/en active Pending
- 2000-01-24 US US09/489,838 patent/US6495731B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-09-04 US US10/233,511 patent/US20030000574A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3260587A (en) | 1962-12-05 | 1966-07-12 | Selas Corp Of America | Method of melting glass with submerged combustion heaters and apparatus therefor |
DE1234160B (en) * | 1964-05-09 | 1967-02-16 | Gaselan Veb | Wobbe number controller |
US3738792A (en) | 1972-02-11 | 1973-06-12 | Selas Corp Of America | Industrial burner |
JPS586321A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method to feed mixed gas fuel with its air-fuel ratio made constant into wide range of combustion equipment |
EP0075369A1 (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1983-03-30 | N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie | Method and device for keeping the heat load on gas-fired equipment constant |
JPS63153315A (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-25 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Control of combustibility of fuel gas and its device |
EP0326494A1 (en) | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-02 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Apparatus for measuring the calorific power carried by a flow of combustible matter |
JPH0571729A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | Combustion control method for mixed gas |
EP0650934A1 (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-03 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Apparatus for melting glass |
JPH07197053A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-01 | Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd | Production of city gas |
WO1998002386A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-22 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSION IN A GLASS FURNACE |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 079 (M - 204) 31 March 1983 (1983-03-31) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 416 (M - 759) 4 November 1988 (1988-11-04) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 395 (M - 1451) 23 July 1993 (1993-07-23) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 095, no. 011 26 December 1995 (1995-12-26) * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003062618A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a gas turbine group |
US7216486B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2007-05-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for operating a turbine group |
CN100460644C (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2009-02-11 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | Method for operating a turbine group |
FR2847659A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-28 | Air Liquide | Combustion procedure for use in industrial site e.g. chemical factory, involves adding oxygen to air in order to avail source of fuel with thirty percent oxygen volume, and making oxidant to react with fuel |
WO2017152845A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | 西门子公司 | Combustion monitoring method, device and system for natural gas burner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ2000247A3 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
FR2788839B1 (en) | 2001-04-20 |
CZ297204B6 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
FR2788839A1 (en) | 2000-07-28 |
ATE244857T1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
PL337960A1 (en) | 2000-07-31 |
US6495731B1 (en) | 2002-12-17 |
SK822000A3 (en) | 2000-09-12 |
DE60003729D1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
JP2000220820A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
US20030000574A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
DE60003729T2 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
ES2203402T3 (en) | 2004-04-16 |
EP1022514B1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
SK284947B6 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
PL190981B1 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
PT1022514E (en) | 2003-11-28 |
DK1022514T3 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1022514B1 (en) | Method and device for controlling the gaseous fuel flow | |
FR2928697B1 (en) | ACTIVE THERMAL DIFFERENCE COEFFICIENT REGULATION FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINE | |
RU2557819C2 (en) | Gas-turbine engine operating mode and gas-turbine plant for implementation of named method | |
EP2091872B1 (en) | Combustion method for glass melting | |
JP2012041926A (en) | Method, apparatus and system for delivery of wide range of turbine fuels for combustion | |
EP2507551B1 (en) | Method for correcting the combustion settings of a set of radiant tube combustion chambers and apparatus implementing the method | |
FR2781039A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR COMBUSTING FUEL WITH OXYGEN-RICH FUEL | |
EP1618334B1 (en) | Staged combustion method for a liquid fuel and an oxidant in a furnace | |
FR2924201A1 (en) | HEATING PROCESS BY MEANS OF AN OXYBURNER INCLUDING AN INJECTOR PROVIDED INSIDE A BLOCK | |
EP3715717B1 (en) | Combustion method and burner for implementing the same | |
US8936005B2 (en) | Method for operating a stationary power generating plant | |
EP1834131A1 (en) | Method for burning a liquid fuel by variable speed spraying | |
WO2006117336A1 (en) | Method for the smelting of a ferrous load | |
BRPI0409830A (en) | method for treating aluminum in a furnace and using laser diode | |
WO2023186748A1 (en) | Glass wool fibre-drawing burner | |
WO2002088680A1 (en) | Method for controlling a product treated in an oven and oven equipped with control means | |
FR2922217A1 (en) | Storable liquefied gas composition, useful for feeding domestic equipment such as boiler, stove and heater, around the used burner, comprises dimethylether in mixture with hydrocarbon mixture having propane and butane | |
FR3071276A1 (en) | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUPPLYING GAS WITH METHANE INDEX OPTIMIZED BY AT LEAST ONE THERMAL MOTOR, IN PARTICULAR A LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSPORT SHIP | |
EP2864704B1 (en) | Method for conducting combustion in a furnace in order to limit the production of nitrogen oxides, and installation for implementing said method | |
JP2008002272A (en) | Internal combustion engine and control method | |
FR2944336A1 (en) | Burner for rapid combustion of a pre-mixture of gaseous fuel and an oxidant gas, comprises a mixture device having a fuel inlet, a gas inlet and a mixture outlet, a chamber, an injection opening for the mixture, and a back flame | |
WO2016135407A1 (en) | Monitoring of temperature in a steam reforming furnace by controlling the incoming thermal power | |
FR2859467A1 (en) | Control of melting of glass in furnace comprises use of laser diodes to measure water and oxygen concentrations and temperature above molten glass charge | |
FR2914953A1 (en) | Fuel oxidizer or fuel ratio adjusting method, involves generating control signal under constant integration speed, and generating control signal using different values and tapered chronological of integration speed |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT PAYMENT 20000127;LV PAYMENT 20000127;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20001222 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AXX | Extension fees paid |
Free format text: LT PAYMENT 20000127;LV PAYMENT 20000127 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010903 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
RAX | Requested extension states of the european patent have changed |
Free format text: LT PAYMENT 20000127;LV PAYMENT 20000127;RO PAYMENT 20000223 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SAINT-GOBAIN VITRAGE Owner name: GAZ DE FRANCE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE Owner name: GAZ DE FRANCE |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: LT LV RO |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030709 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030709 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: GAZ DE FRANCE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 60003729 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20030814 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: LONZA A.G. |
|
NLT2 | Nl: modifications (of names), taken from the european patent patent bulletin |
Owner name: GAZ DE FRANCE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031009 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031009 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20031021 |
|
LTIE | Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension |
Effective date: 20030709 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2203402 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040414 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Owner name: GDF SUEZ SOCIETE ANONYME Free format text: GAZ DE FRANCE#23, RUE PHILIBERT DELORME#75017 PARIS (FR) -TRANSFER TO- GDF SUEZ SOCIETE ANONYME#12-26 RUE DU DOCTEUR LANCEREAUX#75008 PARIS (FR) |
|
NLT1 | Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1 |
Owner name: GDF SUEZ |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CJ Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CA Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: PC2A Owner name: GDF SUEZ Effective date: 20110616 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 60003729 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: WSL PATENTANWAELTE PARTNERSCHAFTSGESELLSCHAFT, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 60003729 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: WSL PATENTANWAELTE PARTNERSCHAFT MBB, DE Effective date: 20111028 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 60003729 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: GDF SUEZ S.A., FR Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GAZ DE FRANCE, PARIS, FR Effective date: 20111028 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: PC Ref document number: 244857 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Owner name: GDF SUEZ, FR Effective date: 20130328 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20181220 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20181219 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20181221 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20181221 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20181221 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20181219 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20181221 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20181220 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20181218 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20190102 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20190201 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20181219 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20190102 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 60003729 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EUP Effective date: 20200118 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20200117 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20200117 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MK9A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK07 Ref document number: 244857 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20200118 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20200118 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20200118 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20200117 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20200130 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20210129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20200119 |