EP1019170A1 - Regenerable filter for liquids, in particular food liquids - Google Patents

Regenerable filter for liquids, in particular food liquids

Info

Publication number
EP1019170A1
EP1019170A1 EP98946513A EP98946513A EP1019170A1 EP 1019170 A1 EP1019170 A1 EP 1019170A1 EP 98946513 A EP98946513 A EP 98946513A EP 98946513 A EP98946513 A EP 98946513A EP 1019170 A1 EP1019170 A1 EP 1019170A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
cartridge
filtration device
polymer
filtration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98946513A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xavier Jacquet
Bertrand Carbonel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boccard
Original Assignee
Boccard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boccard filed Critical Boccard
Publication of EP1019170A1 publication Critical patent/EP1019170A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/007—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with multiple filtering elements in series connection
    • B01D24/008—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with multiple filtering elements in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/04—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls
    • B01D24/08—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls the filtering material being supported by at least two pervious coaxial walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new filtration device using a regenerable material and more particularly although not exclusively, intended for “edible” liquids, such as in particular wine, beer, non-alcoholic drinks and in particular the products obtained by fermentation, from which we want to extract cell residues, especially yeast, as well as water.
  • “edible” liquids such as in particular wine, beer, non-alcoholic drinks and in particular the products obtained by fermentation, from which we want to extract cell residues, especially yeast, as well as water.
  • filter cartridges are provided with a central tube intended to allow the evacuation of the filtrate, around which is placed a filtering medium generally in pleated form.
  • the liquid to be filtered is conveyed perpendicularly, that is to say radially with respect to the crown, in the context of a frontal filtration, and the filtrate is collected in the central core, coaxial with the constituent crown of the cartridge.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a filter for edible liquid, including water, capable of being regenerated and in the form of a cartridge, capable of being placed at a level conventional type filtration stage.
  • This filtration device for food liquids consists of at least one cartridge comprising a volume in the form of a cylindrical crown defined by a cylindrical external grid, at the level of which the liquid to be filtered arrives, and an internal support grid concentric with the grid exterior, said volume being completely filled with a regenerable filter medium.
  • the filtering medium consists of glass or polymer microbeads, optionally supplemented with fibers based on cellulose or polymer, the whole being coated with a hydrophobic polymer insoluble in aqueous phase.
  • this insoluble polymer is chosen from the group comprising ethylcellulose, carboxylmethylcellulose and polyethylene.
  • the size of the beads is between 1 and 150 micrometers and advantageously between 20 and 80 micrometers.
  • a method for ensuring the coating of such microbeads is, for example, taught in document EP-A-0 462 003.
  • a method is described by which spherical microparticles are coated with an enteric material, based on the implementation of a drying phase by atomization or nebulization of an emulsion of the oil-in-water type obtained from the oily liquid with which the microparticles are to be coated, and from an aqueous solution of polymers of materials d 'gastro-resistant coating mixed with at least one emulsifying agent.
  • the coating technique uses an organic solution of hydrophobic polymers containing from 1 to 10% by weight of polymers. This solution also comprises between 22 and 25% by weight of microbeads, and preferably between 7 and 20% by weight of cellulose fibers.
  • the aqueous phase preferably contains between 1 and 15% by weight of fibers, in particular cellulose.
  • a first mixture of the hydrophobic polymer solution is made with the microbeads, for example made of glass and cellulose fibers, and a second mixture of fibers, in particular cellulose with water, then these are mixed together two compositions.
  • spray drying is carried out using an atomizer of a dispersion of the mixture thus obtained in an aqueous cellulose solution.
  • This dispersion is finely sprayed by passing through a nozzle or a turbine.
  • the droplets thus formed pass through an air flow established co-current or counter-current and brought to a controlled temperature, in particular 180 ° C at the inlet and 90 ° C at the outlet of the atomizer.
  • the powder made up of microbeads with coated fibers is collected at the base of the atomizer.
  • the external grid includes orifices or pores flaring towards the interior of the crown and advantageously being in the form of juxtaposed cones or pyramids, the base of which constitutes the external surface of the grid, and the top is directed radially towards the inside of the cartridge.
  • the internal grid of traditional structure also provides the support or spacer function between the two ends of the cartridge and is also intended to receive at each of its ends a plastic tip. or metallic ensuring the cohesion of the whole.
  • This grid is coated on the one hand, with an internal membrane, also of filtration, in particular made of polymers, capable of resisting diluted acids and bases of washing, and at a temperature of 80 ° C., such as for example the polysulfones.
  • This membrane is in turn advantageously coated with a protective grid.
  • the external grid of a traditional type for example made of stainless steel
  • a porous filter medium the pores of which are relatively large, and such as for example a sleeve made of polyethylene or porous polypropylene.
  • the invention also provides a filter using a plurality of concentric cartridges capable of optimizing the filtration properties of the final cartridge thus obtained.
  • the external cartridge is intended above all to ensure coarse filtration of the liquid to be filtered and the internal cartridge to ensure a finishing filtration.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a front mode filtration cartridge, placed at a housing.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 according to a mixed tangential / frontal filtration mode.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, of an inverted mixed filter cartridge with double strainer, of which FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the central zone of a variant.
  • FIGS 5, 6 and 7 are schematic representations in detail of filter cartridges according to the invention, respectively implemented according to a tangential, frontal filtration mode and a double coaxial cartridge.
  • the present invention is more particularly described in connection with the filtration of edible liquids, in particular of wines.
  • the scope of this cannot be limited to this single application, and any other possible application of filtration using a cartridge of the type of those described below is of course covered by the present invention.
  • the circuit for circulating the liquid to be filtered is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 at the level of a cartridge according to the invention installed at the level of a casing.
  • This cartridge referenced (1), is inserted within a casing (2) constituting the filtration tank.
  • the liquid to be filtered is introduced at the upper end of the casing (2) through an inlet (3) supplied by a pump (4).
  • the liquid to be filtered passes through the cartridge (1) substantially radially from the outside towards the inside and the filtrate is collected in the central channel (5), in order to be evacuated at the outlet (6) formed at the lower end of the tank housing (2).
  • the direction of circulation of the liquid is reversed.
  • the washing liquid is introduced through the outlet (6) and passes through the cylindrical filter cartridge substantially radially from the inside to the outside, collecting a certain number of the particles in suspension and other yeasts.
  • the washing liquid thus loaded is evacuated from the casing (2) by the inlet (3), the direction of operation of the pump (4) then being reversed.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the operating mode of a tangential / frontal mixed filtration implementing a filtration cartridge.
  • the liquid to be filtered is conveyed in lower zones (7) of the casing, the liquid to be filtered propagates in a vertical direction tangentially with respect to the external surface of the cartridge (1).
  • the width of the space (8) defined between the cartridge (1) and the external wall of the casing (2) is reduced to optimize tangential filtration.
  • this tangential filtration makes it possible mainly to eliminate particles and other materials in suspension of larger dimensions, this tangential filtration being accompanied in parallel by a frontal filtration within the filtering medium contained in the cartridge (2) by effect. depth. This gives a filfrat devoid of suspended particles, or even colloids, which is also collected in the central channel (5) of the cartridge, and which is evacuated at the upper outlet (9), as can be seen. '' observe in figure 2.
  • the liquid to be filtered having undergone tangential filtration is recycled, by means of a pipe (10) and a pump (11), redirecting it to the level of the inlet (7) of the casing.
  • the recycled filter liquid is also refilled with raw filter liquid by means of a pump (12) and a pipe (13).
  • a drain valve (14) allows the evacuation of the concentrate obtained after a plurality of tangential filtration cycles.
  • the cartridge is regenerated by subjecting it to washing, possibly adding a treatment in an appropriate medium, for example alkaline, acid or neutral.
  • the washing liquid follows an opposite path to that of the liquid to be filtered.
  • the filter medium placed at the level of the cartridge is a regenerable filter medium.
  • this filtering medium consists of glass or polyethylene microbeads coated or encapsulated with a hydrophobic polymer, in particular consisting of ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or even polyethylene.
  • the filtering medium not only consists of microbeads but also comprises other constituents, for example in the form of fibers, such as cellulose or polyethylene fibers, or even polypropylene, l 'microbeads plus fibers assembly being in turn coated or encapsulated in the hydrophobic polymer.
  • fibers such as cellulose or polyethylene fibers, or even polypropylene, l 'microbeads plus fibers assembly being in turn coated or encapsulated in the hydrophobic polymer.
  • only the microbeads are coated, or only the fibers are coated.
  • Ethylcellulose is dissolved in dichloromethane with stirring for about 15 minutes.
  • Glass microbeads the diameter of which is between 40 and 80 ⁇ m, are dispersed, as well as cellulose fibers in the solution thus obtained. At the same time, cellulose fiber fibers are dissolved in water.
  • the two solutions thus obtained are vigorously mixed, for example by means of a paddle mixer.
  • the dispersion is then atomized.
  • the atomizer is for example of the PC3 nozzle type (Niro atomizer), the compressed air pressure of which is adjusted to 3.10 5 Pa, and the inlet and outlet temperatures of which are respectively fixed at 180 ° C. and 90 ° VS .
  • this filtering medium is regenerable. In fact, it is regenerated by simple washing, which it has been found that it does not alter the filterability characteristics and does not cause contamination in particular during the recycling of the filter medium thus regenerated. Furthermore, this medium has very good mechanical resistance and a favorable adaptation of the porosity. This washing can be carried out in a conventional manner using alkaline, neutral or acid solutions, optionally in the presence of enzymes.
  • the size of the microbeads constituting the filtering medium is between 1 to 150 micrometers, and preferably, between 20 and 80 micrometers.
  • the glass or polymer beads can be solid or hollow depending on the desired density.
  • the coating product by appropriately selecting the coating product, it is possible to impart a surface or included electrical charge to the particles constituting the filtering medium. This makes it possible to create in the volume of the medium, large electric field strengths, capable of improving the filtration performance.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which it is desired to set up an inverted mixed filtration with a double strainer, that is to say with a double grid.
  • the central channel of the cartridge receives a core (16), also central, intended to reduce the section of said central channel (20), and therefore increase the tangential speed of the liquid to be filtered at the level of the internal grid (17) of the cartridge. (1), said liquid being introduced into the central zone through the inlet (15). In this case, there is first of all tangential filtration along the internal grid (17), then evacuation of the liquid to be filtered by a pipe (21) for recycling (idem figure 2).
  • this tangential filtration is accompanied by a frontal filtration, taking place substantially radially from the inside to the outside of the cartridge.
  • the filtrate resulting from this double filtration is collected at the periphery of the casing (2), then evacuated by the outlet (19) in the direction of a storage place.
  • the grids (17) and (18) consist for example of annular horizontal bars of trapezoidal section, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the base of which is directed inward and outward respectively.
  • a variant of this embodiment shown in cross section in FIG. 4, can consist in installing bars which are no longer horizontal but vertical, that is to say, parallel to the direction of movement of the liquid to be filtered.
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a mixed filtration cartridge according to the invention, that is to say allowing both frontal and tangential filtration.
  • This cylindrical cartridge basically comprises a cylindrical frame constituting support grid (29), defining a central channel (31), intended to allow the evacuation of the filtrate, symbolized by the upward arrow.
  • the cartridge also comprises an external grid (25), made up of annular bars of trapezoidal section or of a bar of trapezoidal section shaped in a spiral, defining between them an interval of determined dimension, depending on the degree of coarse filfration desired.
  • the volume defined by on the one hand, the internal grid (29) - internal membrane (28) - protective grid (27) and on the other hand by the external grid (25) is filled by a filtering medium (26 ) of the type described above.
  • the filtering medium is introduced and put in place as follows within the cartridges according to the invention.
  • the microbeads optionally added with fibers, are suspended in water, the suspension thus obtained being homogenized, in particular by stirring.
  • a pump injects the mixture thus homogenized under pressure into the volume in the form of a crown defined by the external and internal grids.
  • the microbeads are fixed on the polusulfone membrane coating the internal grid, the water in the suspension being evacuated by simple gravity through orifices not shown formed at the base of the cylindrical crown and the adjacent plug.
  • the thickness of microbeads at the level of the polysulfone membrane increases until it occupies the entire available volume, defined by the two grids, respectively internal and external.
  • the microbeads are in intimate contact with each other, leaving no gap between them, likely to allow privileged passage, and therefore, to decrease the filtration performance of the cartridge thus obtained. It is possible to play slightly on the microbead concentration, by varying the injection pressure of the mixture in the crown. However, the room for maneuver thus defined is relatively limited.
  • a thickness of filtering media is typically obtained, from 13 to 14 millimeters thick, for which a very significant change in filtration performance is observed compared to traditional cartridges.
  • these performances are at least improved by a factor of two.
  • the base of the cartridge is closed by a plastic or metal tip (33), possibly provided with a flat seal (32).
  • the upper end of the cartridge also receives a plastic or metal tip (30), provided in its center with an orifice, the diameter of which corresponds substantially to that of the internal channel (31).
  • the internal support assembly is identical to that of the previous cartridge.
  • the external grid (34) is traditional and similar to the internal grid (29). Furthermore, it is covered with an external porous filtering medium (35), in particular constituted by a sleeve made of porous polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the rest of the structure of this cartridge is identical to the cartridge described in connection with FIG. 5.
  • the filtration device in fact comprises several cartridges in accordance with the invention, mounted coaxially and concentrically with each other.
  • these cartridges there are two of these cartridges, namely an external cartridge, produced so as to allow mixed tangential and frontal filtration, mounted on the periphery of the filfration device, and more particularly intended to ensure coarse filtration, and an internal cartridge, therefore of the same axis of revolution as the external cartridge, intended to ensure a more thorough filtration.
  • the external cartridge has a structure substantially similar to that of the cartridge described in connection with FIG. 5. It comprises in particular an external grid (36), consisting of a juxtaposition of annular bars of triangular section, a regenerable filter medium (37) , consisting of glass or polymer microbeads, coated in a hydrophobic polymer, in particular based on cellulose, a porous filter medium (38) and a support grid (39), the latter constituting the external frame of the internal cartridge.
  • this in turn comprises a regenerable filter medium (40), then an internal membrane (41) and finally a support grid (42), defining a central channel (43).
  • the two filter media are different.
  • One is, for example, made up of microbeads alone, the other on the other hand, includes microbeads and fibers, or even simply made of resin.
  • the cohesion of the two cartridges according to this configuration is further ensured by two metal or plastic end pieces (44) and (45), respectively mounted at the two ends of the assembly thus formed, the end piece (45) completely closing off the central channel (43).
  • the upper end of the assembly also receives a plastic or metal plug (46), which is fixed on a member (47) emerging from the end piece (44), either by snap-fastening, or by simple screwing.
  • the plug (46) and the endpiece (44) are pierced in their center with a through hole, of diameter substantially equal to that of the central channel (43), and aligned with the latter when they are put in place.
  • the fixing member (47) is also pierced in its center with a through orifice, of the same diameter as said orifices, these different orifices being intended to allow either the passage and the evacuation of the filtrate, or the introduction of the washing liquid, when the assembly is subjected to a washing phase with a view to its regeneration.
  • This filtration device thus proves to be particularly suitable for the filtration of food liquids, such as wines, beers, non-alcoholic drinks, but more generally for the filtration of water and other food liquids, insofar as it also allows the retention of colloids and organic matter.
  • this filtration device also makes it possible to drastically limit pollution, since first of all, no more diatomaceous earth is used, and on the other hand, the washing liquids used are neutralized.
  • the filtration device according to the invention makes it possible to filter very loaded liquids without risk of clogging, and this in a very easy way and for low costs.
  • the filtration device according to the invention also proves to be particularly suitable for the treatment of effluents.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a filtering device for liquids, in particular food liquids, consisting of at least a cartridge (1) comprising a volume shaped like a cylindrical ring defined by an outer cylindrical grid (25, 34, 36), whereat the liquid to be filtered is introduced, and an inner grid support (29), concentric with the outer grid, said volume being filled with a regenerable filtering medium. Said filtering medium consists of glass or polymer microbeads, coated with a hydrophobic polymer non-soluble in an aqueous phase.

Description

FILTRE REGENERABLE POUR LIQUIDES. NOTAMMENT ALIMENTAIRESREGENERABLE FILTER FOR LIQUIDS. ESPECIALLY FOOD
L'invention concerne un nouveau dispositif de filtration mettant en œuvre un matériau régénérable et plus particulièrement bien que non exclusivement, destiné aux liquides « alimentaires », tels que notamment le vin, la bière, les boissons non alcoolisées et en particulier les produits obtenus par fermentation, dont on désire extraire les résidus cellulaires, notamment de levure, ainsi que l'eau.The invention relates to a new filtration device using a regenerable material and more particularly although not exclusively, intended for “edible” liquids, such as in particular wine, beer, non-alcoholic drinks and in particular the products obtained by fermentation, from which we want to extract cell residues, especially yeast, as well as water.
A ce jour, on connaît différentes techniques de filtration incluant la clarification de liquides alimentaires, parmi lesquelles la technique mettant en œuvre un ou plusieurs filtres à alluvionnage, faisant appel à des adjuvants ou aides de filtration tels que le Kieselguhr (constitué de manière connue de terres de diatomées), qui, s'ils donnent certes satisfaction, sont difficilement voire pas du tout régénérables. De la sorte, et compte tenu de la diminution de l'efficacité de la filtration dans le temps, il est nécessaire de procéder périodiquement au remplacement du média filtrant, qui outre les frais ainsi engendrés, constitue également une source de pollution.To date, various filtration techniques are known, including clarification of edible liquids, including the technique using one or more alluvial filters, using filter aids or aids such as Kieselguhr (constituted in a known manner of diatomaceous earth), which, if they are certainly satisfactory, are difficult or not at all regenerable. In this way, and given the decrease in filtration efficiency over time, it is necessary to periodically replace the filter media, which in addition to the costs thus generated, also constitutes a source of pollution.
Les industriels du domaine concerné souhaitent donc disposer d'un média filtrant, susceptible d'être régénérable, tout en assurant de manière aussi efficace que les filtres connus à ce jour, sa fonction de filtration ou de clarification.Industrialists in the field concerned therefore wish to have a filtering medium, capable of being regenerable, while ensuring as effectively as the filters known to date, its filtration or clarification function.
Par ailleurs, parmi les dispositifs en tant que tels utilisés à titre de filtre, il en existe un d'usage commode, à savoir les cartouches de filtration. De telles cartouches, généralement de forme cylindrique, obturées à leurs deux extrémités, sont pourvues d'un tube central destiné à permettre l'évacuation du filtrat, autour duquel est mis en place un média filtrant généralement sous forme plissée.Furthermore, among the devices as such used as a filter, there is a convenient use, namely filter cartridges. Such cartridges, generally of cylindrical shape, closed at their two ends, are provided with a central tube intended to allow the evacuation of the filtrate, around which is placed a filtering medium generally in pleated form.
Le liquide à filtrer est acheminé perpendiculairement, c'est à dire radialement par rapport à la couronne, dans le cadre d'une filtration frontale, et le filtrat est recueilli dans l'âme centrale, coaxiale à la couronne constitutive de la cartouche.The liquid to be filtered is conveyed perpendicularly, that is to say radially with respect to the crown, in the context of a frontal filtration, and the filtrate is collected in the central core, coaxial with the constituent crown of the cartridge.
Outre le fait que le média filtrant mis en œuvre dans de telles cartouches n'est pas régénérable ou difficilement régénérable, on observe également très souvent un colmatage rapide de la surface externe de la cartouche nécessitant des traitements périodiques de celle-ci, assez rapprochés dans le temps, ces traitements pouvant notamment mettre en œuvre un rinçage en milieu alcalin, puis une neutralisation en milieu acide. Par ailleurs le pouvoir filtrant développé est limité dans le temps en en volume ou débit. En tout état de cause, indépendamment du fait que l'on ne dispose pas d'un média filtrant facilement régénérable, les filtres à cartouche proposés à ce jour, bien que de mise en œuvre relativement aisée, ne sont pas satisfaisants compte-tenu de la nécessité de procéder à leurs changements périodiques et fréquents, et de par leurs performances de filtration limitées en volume ou totalement inadaptées pour des liquides fortement chargés.In addition to the fact that the filtering medium used in such cartridges is not regenerable or difficult to regenerate, there is also very often a rapid clogging of the external surface of the cartridge requiring periodic treatments of the latter, fairly close together in over time, these treatments can in particular implement rinsing in an alkaline medium, then neutralization in an acid medium. Furthermore, the developed filtering power is limited in time in volume or flow. In any event, regardless of the fact that there is no easily regenerable filter medium, the cartridge filters offered to date, although relatively easy to apply, are not satisfactory in view of the need to carry out their periodic and frequent changes, and by their filtration performance limited in volume or totally unsuitable for heavily loaded liquids.
L'objet de l'invention est de proposer un filtre pour liquide alimentaire, y compris l'eau, susceptible d'être régénéré et se présentant sous la forme d'une cartouche, susceptible d'être mise en place au niveau d'un étage de filtration de type conventionnel.The object of the invention is to provide a filter for edible liquid, including water, capable of being regenerated and in the form of a cartridge, capable of being placed at a level conventional type filtration stage.
Ce dispositif de filtration pour liquides alimentaires est constitué d'au moins une cartouche comprenant un volume en forme de couronne cylindrique définie par une grille extérieure cylindrique, au niveau de laquelle arrive le liquide à filtrer, et une grille de support interne concentrique avec la grille extérieure, ledit volume étant intégralement comblé par un média filtrant régénérable.This filtration device for food liquids consists of at least one cartridge comprising a volume in the form of a cylindrical crown defined by a cylindrical external grid, at the level of which the liquid to be filtered arrives, and an internal support grid concentric with the grid exterior, said volume being completely filled with a regenerable filter medium.
Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le média filtrant est constitué par des microbilles de verre ou de polymère, éventuellement additionnées de fibres à base de cellulose ou de polymère, l'ensemble étant enrobé par un polymère hydrophobe insoluble en phase aqueuse.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the filtering medium consists of glass or polymer microbeads, optionally supplemented with fibers based on cellulose or polymer, the whole being coated with a hydrophobic polymer insoluble in aqueous phase.
Avantageusement, ce polymère insoluble est choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'éthylcellulose, le carboxylméthylcellulose et le polyéthylène.Advantageously, this insoluble polymer is chosen from the group comprising ethylcellulose, carboxylmethylcellulose and polyethylene.
Par ailleurs, la taille des billes est comprise entre 1 et 150 micromètres et avantageusement comprise entre 20 et 80 micromètres.Furthermore, the size of the beads is between 1 and 150 micrometers and advantageously between 20 and 80 micrometers.
Un procédé pour assurer l'enrobage de telles microbilles est par exemple enseigné dans le document EP-A-0 462 003. Dans ce document, il est décrit un procédé par lequel on enrobe des microparticules sphériques d'un matériau gastro-résistant, repose sur la mise en œuvre d'une phase de séchage par atomisation ou nébulisation d'une émulsion du type huile dans l'eau obtenue à partir du liquide huileux dont on souhaite enrober les microparticules, et d'une solution aqueuse de polymères de matériaux d'enrobage gastro- résistant en mélange avec au moins un agent émulsifiant. Dans la présente invention, la technique d'enrobage met en œuvre une solution organique de polymères hydrophobes contenant de 1 à 10% en poids de polymères. Cette solution comporte en outre entre 22 et 25% en poids de microbilles, et de préférence entre 7 et 20% en poids de fibres de cellulose. La phase aqueuse contient de préférence entre 1 et 15% en poids de fibres, notamment de cellulose.A method for ensuring the coating of such microbeads is, for example, taught in document EP-A-0 462 003. In this document, a method is described by which spherical microparticles are coated with an enteric material, based on the implementation of a drying phase by atomization or nebulization of an emulsion of the oil-in-water type obtained from the oily liquid with which the microparticles are to be coated, and from an aqueous solution of polymers of materials d 'gastro-resistant coating mixed with at least one emulsifying agent. In the present invention, the coating technique uses an organic solution of hydrophobic polymers containing from 1 to 10% by weight of polymers. This solution also comprises between 22 and 25% by weight of microbeads, and preferably between 7 and 20% by weight of cellulose fibers. The aqueous phase preferably contains between 1 and 15% by weight of fibers, in particular cellulose.
On réalise un premier mélange de la solution de polymère hydrophobe avec les microbilles, par exemple en verre et les fibres de cellulose, et un deuxième mélange de fibres, notamment de cellulose avec de l'eau, puis on procède au mélange entre elles de ces deux compositions.A first mixture of the hydrophobic polymer solution is made with the microbeads, for example made of glass and cellulose fibers, and a second mixture of fibers, in particular cellulose with water, then these are mixed together two compositions.
On procède alors au séchage par atomisation à l'aide d'un atomiseur d'une dispersion du mélange ainsi obtenu dans une solution aqueuse de cellulose. Cette dispersion est finement pulvérisée par passage au travers d'une buse ou d'une turbine. Les gouttelettes ainsi formées traversent un flux d'air établi à co-courant ou contre-courant et porté à une température contrôlée, notamment de 180°C à l'entrée et de 90°C à la sortie de l'atomiseur. La poudre constituée de microbilles additionnées de fibres enrobées est recueillie à la base de l'atomiseur.Then spray drying is carried out using an atomizer of a dispersion of the mixture thus obtained in an aqueous cellulose solution. This dispersion is finely sprayed by passing through a nozzle or a turbine. The droplets thus formed pass through an air flow established co-current or counter-current and brought to a controlled temperature, in particular 180 ° C at the inlet and 90 ° C at the outlet of the atomizer. The powder made up of microbeads with coated fibers is collected at the base of the atomizer.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la grille extérieure comporte des orifices ou pores s'évasant en direction de l'intérieur de la couronne et se présentant avantageusement sous la forme de cônes ou de pyramides juxtaposés, dont la base constitue la surface extérieure de la grille, et le sommet est dirigé radialement vers l'intérieur de la cartouche.According to a characteristic of the invention, the external grid includes orifices or pores flaring towards the interior of the crown and advantageously being in the form of juxtaposed cones or pyramids, the base of which constitutes the external surface of the grid, and the top is directed radially towards the inside of the cartridge.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la grille interne de structure traditionnelle, assure également la fonction de support ou d' entretoise entre les deux extrémités de la cartouche et est destinée par ailleurs à recevoir au niveau de chacune de ses extrémités un embout plastique ou métallique assurant la cohésion de l'ensemble.According to another characteristic of the invention, the internal grid of traditional structure, also provides the support or spacer function between the two ends of the cartridge and is also intended to receive at each of its ends a plastic tip. or metallic ensuring the cohesion of the whole.
Cette grille est revêtue d'une part, d'une membrane interne, également de filtration, notamment réalisée en polymères, susceptibles de résister aux acides et aux bases dilués de lavage, et à une température de 80°C, tels que par exemple les polysulfones. Cette membrane est à son tour avantageusement revêtue d'une grille de protection.This grid is coated on the one hand, with an internal membrane, also of filtration, in particular made of polymers, capable of resisting diluted acids and bases of washing, and at a temperature of 80 ° C., such as for example the polysulfones. This membrane is in turn advantageously coated with a protective grid.
Selon une autre forme de réalisation, la grille externe d'un type traditionnel, par exemple en acier inoxydable, est revêtue d'un média filtrant poreux, dont les pores sont de dimensions relativement importantes, et tel que par exemple un manchon en polyéthylène ou polypropylène poreux. L'invention propose également un filtre mettant en œuvre une pluralité de cartouches concentriques propres à ainsi optimiser les propriétés de filtration de la cartouche définitive ainsi obtenue.According to another embodiment, the external grid of a traditional type, for example made of stainless steel, is coated with a porous filter medium, the pores of which are relatively large, and such as for example a sleeve made of polyethylene or porous polypropylene. The invention also provides a filter using a plurality of concentric cartridges capable of optimizing the filtration properties of the final cartridge thus obtained.
Dans cette hypothèse, la cartouche externe est destinée avant tout à assurer une filtration grossière du liquide à filtrer et la cartouche interne à assurer une filtration de finition.In this case, the external cartridge is intended above all to ensure coarse filtration of the liquid to be filtered and the internal cartridge to ensure a finishing filtration.
La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent ressortiront mieux des exemples de réalisation qui suivent, donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif à l'appui des figures annexées.The manner in which the invention can be implemented and the advantages which ensue therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiments, given by way of indication and without limitation in support of the appended figures.
La figure 1 est une vue schématique en section d'une cartouche de filtration de mode frontal, mise en place au niveau d'un carter.Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a front mode filtration cartridge, placed at a housing.
La figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 selon un mode de filtration mixte tangentiel/ frontal.Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 according to a mixed tangential / frontal filtration mode.
La figure 3 est une représentation schématique analogue aux figures 1 et 2, d'une cartouche de filtration mixte inversée à double crépine, dont la figure 4 est une vue en section transversale de la zone centrale d'une variante.FIG. 3 is a schematic representation similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, of an inverted mixed filter cartridge with double strainer, of which FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the central zone of a variant.
Les figures 5, 6 et 7 sont des représentations schématiques en détail de cartouches de filtration conformes à l'invention, respectivement mise en œuvre selon un mode de filtration tangentiel, frontal et une double cartouche coaxiale.Figures 5, 6 and 7 are schematic representations in detail of filter cartridges according to the invention, respectively implemented according to a tangential, frontal filtration mode and a double coaxial cartridge.
La présente invention est plus particulièrement décrite en liaison avec la filtration de liquides alimentaires, notamment de vins. Cependant, la portée de celle-ci ne saurait se limiter à cette seule application, et toute autre application possible de la filtration mettant en œuvre une cartouche du type de celles décrites ci-après est bien entendu couverte par la présente invention.The present invention is more particularly described in connection with the filtration of edible liquids, in particular of wines. However, the scope of this cannot be limited to this single application, and any other possible application of filtration using a cartridge of the type of those described below is of course covered by the present invention.
On a représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1 le circuit de circulation du liquide à filtrer au niveau d'une cartouche conforme à l'invention mise en place au niveau d'un carter.The circuit for circulating the liquid to be filtered is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 at the level of a cartridge according to the invention installed at the level of a casing.
Cette cartouche, référencée (1), est insérée au sein d'un carter (2) constituant cuve de filtration. Le liquide à filtrer est introduit à l'extrémité supérieure du carter (2) par une entrée (3) alimentée par une pompe (4).This cartridge, referenced (1), is inserted within a casing (2) constituting the filtration tank. The liquid to be filtered is introduced at the upper end of the casing (2) through an inlet (3) supplied by a pump (4).
Le liquide à filtrer traverse la cartouche (1) sensiblement radialement de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur et le filtrat est recueilli dans le canal central (5), afin d'être évacué au niveau de la sortie (6) ménagée à l'extrémité inférieure du carter-cuve (2). Après un nombre de cycles de filtration déterminé, il convient de procéder à la régénération de la cartouche de filtration (1) mise en place au sein du carter (2). Pour ce faire, on inverse le sens de circulation du liquide. Dans ce cas là, le liquide de lavage est introduit par la sortie (6) et traverse la cartouche de filtration cylindrique sensiblement radialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, recueillant un certain nombre des particules en suspension et autres levures. Le liquide de lavage ainsi chargé est évacué hors du carter (2) par l'entrée (3), le sens de fonctionnement de la pompe (4) étant alors inversé.The liquid to be filtered passes through the cartridge (1) substantially radially from the outside towards the inside and the filtrate is collected in the central channel (5), in order to be evacuated at the outlet (6) formed at the lower end of the tank housing (2). After a determined number of filtration cycles, it is necessary to regenerate the filter cartridge (1) placed within the housing (2). To do this, the direction of circulation of the liquid is reversed. In this case, the washing liquid is introduced through the outlet (6) and passes through the cylindrical filter cartridge substantially radially from the inside to the outside, collecting a certain number of the particles in suspension and other yeasts. The washing liquid thus loaded is evacuated from the casing (2) by the inlet (3), the direction of operation of the pump (4) then being reversed.
La figure 2 est une représentation schématique du mode de fonctionnement d'une filfration mixte tangentielle/frontale mettant en œuvre une cartouche de filtration. Dans cette hypothèse, le liquide à filtrer est acheminé en zones inférieures (7) du carter, le liquide à filtrer se propageant en direction verticale tangentiellement par rapport à la surface externe de la cartouche (1). De fait, et afin d'accélérer la vitesse tangentielle au niveau de la paroi périphérique externe de la cartouche (1), la largeur de l'espace (8) défini entre la cartouche (1) et la paroi externe du carter (2) est réduite afin d'optimiser la filtration tangentielle. De manière connue, cette filfration tangentielle permet d'éliminer principalement les particules et autres matériaux en suspension de plus grandes dimensions, cette filtration tangentielle s'accompagnant parallèlement d'une filtration frontale au sein du média filtrant contenu dans la cartouche (2) par effet de profondeur. On obtient de la sorte un filfrat dépourvu de particules en suspension, voire de colloïdes, qui est également recueilli dans le canal central (5) de la cartouche, et qui est évacué en sortie supérieure (9), tel qu'on peut bien l'observer sur la figure 2.FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the operating mode of a tangential / frontal mixed filtration implementing a filtration cartridge. In this hypothesis, the liquid to be filtered is conveyed in lower zones (7) of the casing, the liquid to be filtered propagates in a vertical direction tangentially with respect to the external surface of the cartridge (1). In fact, and in order to accelerate the tangential speed at the level of the external peripheral wall of the cartridge (1), the width of the space (8) defined between the cartridge (1) and the external wall of the casing (2) is reduced to optimize tangential filtration. In known manner, this tangential filtration makes it possible mainly to eliminate particles and other materials in suspension of larger dimensions, this tangential filtration being accompanied in parallel by a frontal filtration within the filtering medium contained in the cartridge (2) by effect. depth. This gives a filfrat devoid of suspended particles, or even colloids, which is also collected in the central channel (5) of the cartridge, and which is evacuated at the upper outlet (9), as can be seen. '' observe in figure 2.
Parallèlement, le liquide à filtrer ayant subi une filtration tangentielle est recyclé, par le biais d'une canalisation (10) et d'une pompe (11), le réacheminant au niveau de l'entrée (7) du carter. Le liquide à filtrer recyclé est également rechargé en liquide à filtrer brut par le biais d'une pompe (12) et d'une canalisation (13). Par ailleurs, une vanne (14) de vidange permet l'évacuation du concentrât obtenu après une pluralité de cycles de filtration tangentielle.At the same time, the liquid to be filtered having undergone tangential filtration is recycled, by means of a pipe (10) and a pump (11), redirecting it to the level of the inlet (7) of the casing. The recycled filter liquid is also refilled with raw filter liquid by means of a pump (12) and a pipe (13). Furthermore, a drain valve (14) allows the evacuation of the concentrate obtained after a plurality of tangential filtration cycles.
Comme dans le cas précédent, après plusieurs cycles de filtration, la cartouche est régénérée en la soumettant à un lavage, éventuellement additionné d'un traitement en milieu approprié, par exemple alcalin, acide ou neutre. Le liquide de lavage suit un trajet inverse à celui du liquide à filtrer.As in the previous case, after several filtration cycles, the cartridge is regenerated by subjecting it to washing, possibly adding a treatment in an appropriate medium, for example alkaline, acid or neutral. The washing liquid follows an opposite path to that of the liquid to be filtered.
Dans cette forme de réalisation, il est possible de refroidir le liquide à filtrer lors de la filtration tangentielle, en munissant la cuve d'une enveloppe externe dans laquelle circule un liquide de refroidissement, et notamment de l'eau. Ce refroidissement intervient donc directement à l'endroit au réchauffement inhérent à la filtration risque d'affecter le liquide à filtrer, et notamment le vin.In this embodiment, it is possible to cool the liquid to be filtered during tangential filtration, by providing the tank with an external envelope in which circulates a cooling liquid, and in particular water. This cooling therefore occurs directly in the place of the heating inherent in the filtration risks to affect the liquid to be filtered, and in particular the wine.
Ainsi que déjà précisé, le média filtrant mis en place au niveau de la cartouche est un média filtrant régénérable. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, ce média filtrant est constitué de microbilles de verre ou de polyéthylène enrobées ou encapsulées par un polymère hydrophobe, notamment constitué par de l'éthylcellulose, du carboxyméthyl- cellulose voire du polyéthylène.As already specified, the filter medium placed at the level of the cartridge is a regenerable filter medium. According to a characteristic of the invention, this filtering medium consists of glass or polyethylene microbeads coated or encapsulated with a hydrophobic polymer, in particular consisting of ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or even polyethylene.
Dans une forme avantageuse de l'invention, le média filtrant est non seulement constitué de microbilles mais également comprend d'autres constituants se présentant par exemple sous la forme de fibres, telles que des fibres de cellulose ou de polyéthylène, voire de polypropylène, l'ensemble microbilles plus fibres étant à son tour enrobé ou encapsulé dans le polymère hydrophobe. Dans d'autres variantes, seules les microbilles sont enrobées, ou seules les fibres sont enrobées.In an advantageous form of the invention, the filtering medium not only consists of microbeads but also comprises other constituents, for example in the form of fibers, such as cellulose or polyethylene fibers, or even polypropylene, l 'microbeads plus fibers assembly being in turn coated or encapsulated in the hydrophobic polymer. In other variants, only the microbeads are coated, or only the fibers are coated.
Ainsi que déjà précisé, le procédé d'encapsulage est plus particulièrement décrit dans le document EP-A-0 460 003, de sorte qu'il n'y a pas lieu de l'écrire ici plus en détail.As already specified, the encapsulation process is more particularly described in document EP-A-0 460 003, so that there is no need to write it here in more detail.
Cependant, il va être précisé ci-après un exemple de réalisation d'un tel média filtrant.However, an embodiment of such a filtering medium will be specified below.
On met en solution de l'éthylcellulose dans du dichlorométhane en agitant pendant environ 15 minutes.Ethylcellulose is dissolved in dichloromethane with stirring for about 15 minutes.
On disperse des microbilles de verres, dont le diamètre est compris entre 40 et 80 μm, ainsi que des fibres de cellulose dans la solution ainsi obtenue. Parallèlement, on met en solution des fibres fibres de cellulose dans l'eau.Glass microbeads, the diameter of which is between 40 and 80 μm, are dispersed, as well as cellulose fibers in the solution thus obtained. At the same time, cellulose fiber fibers are dissolved in water.
On mélange vigoureusement les deux solutions ainsi obtenues, par exemple au moyen d'un mixer à pales.The two solutions thus obtained are vigorously mixed, for example by means of a paddle mixer.
On procède ensuite à l'atomisation de la dispersion.The dispersion is then atomized.
Préalablement, on stabilise la température de la chambre d'atomisation. L'atomiseur est par exemple du type PC3 à buse (Niro atomiseur), dont la pression d'air comprimé est réglée sur 3.105 Pa, et dont les températures respectivement d'entrée et de sortie sont fixées à l80°C et 90°C .Beforehand, the temperature of the atomization chamber is stabilized. The atomizer is for example of the PC3 nozzle type (Niro atomizer), the compressed air pressure of which is adjusted to 3.10 5 Pa, and the inlet and outlet temperatures of which are respectively fixed at 180 ° C. and 90 ° VS .
Par ailleurs, ainsi que déjà précisé, ce média filtrant est régénérable. De fait, il est régénéré par simple lavage, dont on a pu constater que celui-ci n'altère pas les caractéristiques de filtrabilité et n'entraîne pas de contamination en particulier lors du recyclage du média filtrant ainsi régénéré. Par ailleurs, ce média présente une très bonne résistance mécanique et une adaptation favorable de la porosité. Ce lavage peut s'effectuer de manière classique à l'aide de solutions alcalines, neutres ou acides, éventuellement en présence d'enzymes.Furthermore, as already mentioned, this filtering medium is regenerable. In fact, it is regenerated by simple washing, which it has been found that it does not alter the filterability characteristics and does not cause contamination in particular during the recycling of the filter medium thus regenerated. Furthermore, this medium has very good mechanical resistance and a favorable adaptation of the porosity. This washing can be carried out in a conventional manner using alkaline, neutral or acid solutions, optionally in the presence of enzymes.
Avantageusement la taille des microbilles constitutives du média filtrant est comprise entre 1 à 150 micromètres, et de manière préférentielle, comprise entre 20 et 80 micromètre. Les billes de verre ou de polymère peuvent être pleines ou creuses en fonction de la densité désirée.Advantageously, the size of the microbeads constituting the filtering medium is between 1 to 150 micrometers, and preferably, between 20 and 80 micrometers. The glass or polymer beads can be solid or hollow depending on the desired density.
Parallèlement, en sélectionnant de manière appropriée le produit d'enrobage, il est possible de conférer une charge électrique superficielle ou incluse aux particules constituants le média filtrant. Ceci permet de créer dans le volume du média, des forces de champ électrique importantes, susceptibles d'améliorer les performances de filtration.At the same time, by appropriately selecting the coating product, it is possible to impart a surface or included electrical charge to the particles constituting the filtering medium. This makes it possible to create in the volume of the medium, large electric field strengths, capable of improving the filtration performance.
On a représenté sur la figure 3 une vue analogue aux figures 1 et 2, dans laquelle on souhaite mettre en place une filfration mixte inversée à double crépine, c'est à dire à double grille. Le canal central de la cartouche reçoit un noyau (16), également central, destiné à réduire la section dudit canal central (20), et partant augmenter la vitesse tangentielle du liquide à filfrer au niveau de la grille interne (17) de la cartouche (1), ledit liquide étant introduit en zone centrale par l'entrée (15). Dans ce cas là, il y a tout d'abord filtration tangentielle le long de la grille interne (17), puis évacuation du liquide à filfrer par une canalisation (21) pour recyclage (idem figure 2). Parallèlement, cette filfration tangentielle s'accompagne d'une filfration frontale, s'effectuant sensiblement radialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la cartouche. Le filtrat résultant de cette double filfration est recueilli à la périphérie du carter (2), puis évacué par la sortie (19) en direction d'un lieu de stockageFIG. 3 shows a view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which it is desired to set up an inverted mixed filtration with a double strainer, that is to say with a double grid. The central channel of the cartridge receives a core (16), also central, intended to reduce the section of said central channel (20), and therefore increase the tangential speed of the liquid to be filtered at the level of the internal grid (17) of the cartridge. (1), said liquid being introduced into the central zone through the inlet (15). In this case, there is first of all tangential filtration along the internal grid (17), then evacuation of the liquid to be filtered by a pipe (21) for recycling (idem figure 2). At the same time, this tangential filtration is accompanied by a frontal filtration, taking place substantially radially from the inside to the outside of the cartridge. The filtrate resulting from this double filtration is collected at the periphery of the casing (2), then evacuated by the outlet (19) in the direction of a storage place.
Les grilles (17) et (18) sont par exemple constituées de barreaux horizontaux annulaires de section trapézoïdale, ainsi qu'on peut l'observer sur la figure 2, dont la base est respectivement dirigée vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur. Dans une variante, il n'y a qu'un seul barreau continu conformé en spirale. Ce ou ces barreaux définissent un intervalle au niveau de la zone de tangence avec le liquide à filtrer inférieure ou égale à 20 micromètres. De la sorte, il est possible de filtrer dans les deux sens, à savoir de manière centripète ou centrifuge.The grids (17) and (18) consist for example of annular horizontal bars of trapezoidal section, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the base of which is directed inward and outward respectively. In a variant, there is only one continuous bar shaped in a spiral. This or these bars define an interval at the tangency zone with the liquid to be filtered less than or equal to 20 micrometers. In this way, it is possible to filter in both directions, namely in a centripetal or centrifugal manner.
Une variante de cette forme de réalisation, représentée en section transversale sur la figure 4, peut consister à mettre en place des barreaux non plus horizontaux mais verticaux, c'est à dire, parallèlement au sens de déplacement du liquide à filtrer. De la même manière que pour l'installation représentée en figure 2, il est possible de refroidir le liquide à filtrer lors de sa filtration tangentielle, en faisant circuler dans le noyau (16) un liquide de refroidissement.A variant of this embodiment, shown in cross section in FIG. 4, can consist in installing bars which are no longer horizontal but vertical, that is to say, parallel to the direction of movement of the liquid to be filtered. In the same way as for the installation shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to cool the liquid to be filtered during its tangential filtration, by circulating in the core (16) a cooling liquid.
On a représenté au sein de la figure 5 une vue de détail d'une cartouche de filtration mixte conforme à l'invention, c'est à dire permettant à la fois une filtration frontale et tangentielle. Cette cartouche de forme cylindrique, comprend fondamentalement une armature cylindrique constituant grille support (29), définissant un canal central (31), destiné à permettre l'évacuation du filtrat, symbolisée par la flèche ascendante.FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a mixed filtration cartridge according to the invention, that is to say allowing both frontal and tangential filtration. This cylindrical cartridge basically comprises a cylindrical frame constituting support grid (29), defining a central channel (31), intended to allow the evacuation of the filtrate, symbolized by the upward arrow.
Cette grille support (29), réalisée en acier inoxydable, est revêtue au niveau de sa face externe d'une membrane interne (28) réalisée en polysulfone ou un autre polymère, elle- même recouverte d'une grille de protection (27), réalisée en plastique soudé ou en un maillage métallique.This support grid (29), made of stainless steel, is coated at its external face with an internal membrane (28) made of polysulfone or another polymer, itself covered with a protective grid (27), made of welded plastic or a metallic mesh.
La cartouche comporte également une grille externe (25), constituée de barreaux annulaires de section trapézoïdale ou d'un barreau de section trapézoïdale conformé en spirale, définissant entre eux un intervalle de dimension déterminée, fonction du degré de filfration grossière souhaité.The cartridge also comprises an external grid (25), made up of annular bars of trapezoidal section or of a bar of trapezoidal section shaped in a spiral, defining between them an interval of determined dimension, depending on the degree of coarse filfration desired.
Le volume défini par d'une part, l'ensemble grille interne (29) - membrane interne (28) - grille de protection (27) et d'autre part par la grille externe (25) est comblé par un média filtrant (26) du type de celui décrit précédemment.The volume defined by on the one hand, the internal grid (29) - internal membrane (28) - protective grid (27) and on the other hand by the external grid (25) is filled by a filtering medium (26 ) of the type described above.
Le média filtrant est introduit et mis en place de la manière suivante au sein des cartouches conformes à l'invention. Les microbilles, éventuellement additionnées de fibres, sont mises en suspension dans l'eau, la suspension ainsi obtenue étant homogénéisée, notamment par agitation. Une pompe injecte sous pression le mélange ainsi homogénéisé dans le volume en forme de couronne défini par les grilles externes et internes. Les microbilles viennent se fixer sur la membrane en polusulfone revêtant la grille interne, l'eau de la suspension s'évacuant par simple gravité par des orifices non représentés ménagés au niveau de la base de la couronne cylindrique et du bouchon adjacent. L'épaisseur de microbilles au niveau de la membrane de polysulfone augmente jusqu'à venir occuper l'intégralité du volume disponible, défini par les deux grilles, respectivement internes et externes. De la sorte, les microbilles sont en contact intime les unes avec les autres, ne laissant subsister aucune lacune entre elles, susceptibles de permettre de passage privilégier, et partant, de diminuer les performances de filtration de la cartouche ainsi obtenue. Il est possible de jouer légèrement sur la concentration en microbilles, en faisant varier la pression d'injection du mélange dans la couronne. Toutefois, la marge de manoeuvre ainsi définie s'avère relativement limitée.The filtering medium is introduced and put in place as follows within the cartridges according to the invention. The microbeads, optionally added with fibers, are suspended in water, the suspension thus obtained being homogenized, in particular by stirring. A pump injects the mixture thus homogenized under pressure into the volume in the form of a crown defined by the external and internal grids. The microbeads are fixed on the polusulfone membrane coating the internal grid, the water in the suspension being evacuated by simple gravity through orifices not shown formed at the base of the cylindrical crown and the adjacent plug. The thickness of microbeads at the level of the polysulfone membrane increases until it occupies the entire available volume, defined by the two grids, respectively internal and external. In this way, the microbeads are in intimate contact with each other, leaving no gap between them, likely to allow privileged passage, and therefore, to decrease the filtration performance of the cartridge thus obtained. It is possible to play slightly on the microbead concentration, by varying the injection pressure of the mixture in the crown. However, the room for maneuver thus defined is relatively limited.
De la sorte, une fois le média filtrant confiné dans la couronne cylindrique constitutive de la cartouche, on obtient une épaisseur de média filtrant typiquement de 13 à 14 millimètres d'épaisseur, pour lequel on observe une évolution très importante des performances de filtration par rapport à des cartouches traditionnelles. Ainsi, à débit constant, ces performances sont au moins améliorées d'un facteur deux.In this way, once the filtering media is confined in the cylindrical ring constituting the cartridge, a thickness of filtering media is typically obtained, from 13 to 14 millimeters thick, for which a very significant change in filtration performance is observed compared to traditional cartridges. Thus, at constant flow, these performances are at least improved by a factor of two.
La base de la cartouche est obturée par un embout plastique ou métal (33), éventuellement muni d'un joint plat (32). L'extrémité supérieure de la cartouche reçoit également un embout plastique ou métal (30), pourvu en son centre d'un orifice, dont le diamètre correspond sensiblement à celui du canal interne (31). Ces deux embouts permettent d'assurer la fixation de la cartouche au niveau de l'étage de filtration, et confèrent en outre une certaine cohésion mécanique à l'ensemble.The base of the cartridge is closed by a plastic or metal tip (33), possibly provided with a flat seal (32). The upper end of the cartridge also receives a plastic or metal tip (30), provided in its center with an orifice, the diameter of which corresponds substantially to that of the internal channel (31). These two tips make it possible to ensure the fixing of the cartridge at the level of the filtration stage, and furthermore give a certain mechanical cohesion to the assembly.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté en figure 6, plus particulièrement destiné à un mode de filtration frontal, l'ensemble support interne est identique à celui de la cartouche précédente. En revanche, la grille extérieure (34) est traditionnelle et similaire à la grille interne (29). Par ailleurs, elle est recouverte d'un média filtrant poreux extérieur (35), notamment constitué par un manchon en polyéthylène ou polypropylène poreux. Le reste de la structure de cette cartouche est identique à la cartouche décrite en liaison avec la figure 5.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, more particularly intended for a frontal filtration mode, the internal support assembly is identical to that of the previous cartridge. On the other hand, the external grid (34) is traditional and similar to the internal grid (29). Furthermore, it is covered with an external porous filtering medium (35), in particular constituted by a sleeve made of porous polyethylene or polypropylene. The rest of the structure of this cartridge is identical to the cartridge described in connection with FIG. 5.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation plus particulièrement décrite en liaison avec la figure 7, le dispositif de filtration comporte en fait plusieurs cartouches conformes à l'invention, montées coaxiallement et concentriquement les unes par rapport aux autres. Dans l'exemple décrit, ces cartouches sont au nombre de deux, à savoir, une cartouche externe, réalisée de telle sorte à permettre une filtration mixte tangentielle et frontale, montée à la périphérie du dispositif de filfration, et plus particulièrement destinée à assurer une filtration grossière, et une cartouche interne, donc de même axe de révolution que la cartouche externe, destinée à assurer une filtration plus poussée.In another embodiment more particularly described in connection with FIG. 7, the filtration device in fact comprises several cartridges in accordance with the invention, mounted coaxially and concentrically with each other. In the example described, there are two of these cartridges, namely an external cartridge, produced so as to allow mixed tangential and frontal filtration, mounted on the periphery of the filfration device, and more particularly intended to ensure coarse filtration, and an internal cartridge, therefore of the same axis of revolution as the external cartridge, intended to ensure a more thorough filtration.
La cartouche externe présente une structure sensiblement analogue à celle de la cartouche décrite en liaison avec la figure 5. Elle comporte notamment une grille externe (36), constituée d'une juxtaposition de barreaux annulaires de section triangulaire, un média filtrant régénérable (37), constitué de microbilles de verre ou de polymère, enrobées dans un polymère hydrophobe, notamment à base de cellulose, un média filtrant poreux (38) et une grille support (39), cette dernière constituant l'armature extérieure de la cartouche interne. De fait, celle-ci comprend à son tour un média filtrant régénérable (40), puis une membrane interne (41) et enfin une grille support (42), définissant un canal central (43). Dans une variante, les deux médias filtrant sont différents. L'un est, par exemple, constitué des seuls microbilles, l'autre en revanche, comprend des microbilles et des fibres, voire simplement en résine.The external cartridge has a structure substantially similar to that of the cartridge described in connection with FIG. 5. It comprises in particular an external grid (36), consisting of a juxtaposition of annular bars of triangular section, a regenerable filter medium (37) , consisting of glass or polymer microbeads, coated in a hydrophobic polymer, in particular based on cellulose, a porous filter medium (38) and a support grid (39), the latter constituting the external frame of the internal cartridge. In fact, this in turn comprises a regenerable filter medium (40), then an internal membrane (41) and finally a support grid (42), defining a central channel (43). In a variant, the two filter media are different. One is, for example, made up of microbeads alone, the other on the other hand, includes microbeads and fibers, or even simply made of resin.
La cohésion des deux cartouches selon cette configuration est assurée en outre par deux embouts métalliques ou en plastique (44) et (45), respectivement montés aux deux extrémités de l'ensemble ainsi constitué, l'embout (45) obturant complètement le canal central (43). En revanche, l'extrémité supérieure de l'ensemble reçoit également un bouchon plastique ou métal (46), venant se fixer sur un organe (47) émergeant de l'embout (44), soit par encliquetage, soit par simple vissage. Le bouchon (46) et l'embout (44) sont percés en leur centre d'un orifice traversant, de diamètre sensiblement égal à celui du canal central (43), et alignés avec celui-ci lorsqu'ils sont mis en place. De la même manière, l'organe de fixation (47), est également percé en son centre d'un orifice traversant, de même diamètre que lesdits orifices, ces différents orifices étant destinés à permettre soit le passage et l'évacuation du filtrat, soit l'introduction du liquide de lavage, lorsque l'ensemble est soumis à une phase de lavage en vue de sa régénération.The cohesion of the two cartridges according to this configuration is further ensured by two metal or plastic end pieces (44) and (45), respectively mounted at the two ends of the assembly thus formed, the end piece (45) completely closing off the central channel (43). On the other hand, the upper end of the assembly also receives a plastic or metal plug (46), which is fixed on a member (47) emerging from the end piece (44), either by snap-fastening, or by simple screwing. The plug (46) and the endpiece (44) are pierced in their center with a through hole, of diameter substantially equal to that of the central channel (43), and aligned with the latter when they are put in place. In the same way, the fixing member (47) is also pierced in its center with a through orifice, of the same diameter as said orifices, these different orifices being intended to allow either the passage and the evacuation of the filtrate, or the introduction of the washing liquid, when the assembly is subjected to a washing phase with a view to its regeneration.
On conçoit tout l'intérêt d'un tel filtre, mettant en œuvre des cartouches à média filtrant régénérable. Outre la grande souplesse d'utilisation des cartouches, on allie également la possibilité de régénérer leur contenu, sans nécessiter une installation particulière.We understand the value of such a filter, using cartridges with regenerable filter media. In addition to the great flexibility of use of the cartridges, the possibility of regenerating their content is also combined, without requiring any particular installation.
On permet également de réduire les coûts de filtration par unité de volume, de par le caractère régénérable du média filfrant.It also reduces the filtration costs per unit volume, due to the regenerable nature of the filtering media.
Ce dispositif de filfration s'avère ainsi tout particulièrement adapté à la filtration des liquides alimentaires, tels que vins, bières, boissons non alcoolisées, mais de manière plus générale à la filtration de l'eau et autres liquides alimentaires, dans la mesure où il permet également la rétention des colloïdes et des matières organiques.This filtration device thus proves to be particularly suitable for the filtration of food liquids, such as wines, beers, non-alcoholic drinks, but more generally for the filtration of water and other food liquids, insofar as it also allows the retention of colloids and organic matter.
Par ailleurs, ce dispositif de filtration permet également de drastiquement limiter la pollution, puisque tout d'abord, on n'utilise plus de terres de diatomées, et d'autre part, les liquides de lavages utilisés sont neutralisés.Furthermore, this filtration device also makes it possible to drastically limit pollution, since first of all, no more diatomaceous earth is used, and on the other hand, the washing liquids used are neutralized.
Il peut également être souligné la qualité de la filfration obtenue avec un tel dispositif. On peut notamment mentionner la conservation de l'effet de profondeur lors de la filtration des vins et de la bière, de par la conservation des molécules à longues chaînes, qui confèrent à ces boissons leur moelleux. De plus, on n'observe pas avec un tel dispositif de filtration de dessèchement du vin, de par la faible durée de la filtration, et notamment la faible durée du contact entre le vin et le média filtrant, annulant tout phénomène d'absorption, et partant n'altérant pas les arômes.It can also be emphasized the quality of the filtration obtained with such a device. We can notably mention the conservation of the depth effect during the filtration of wines and beer, by the conservation of long-chain molecules, which give these drinks their softness. In addition, we do not observe with such a wine drying filtration device, because of the short duration of the filtration, and in particular the short duration of the contact between the wine and the filtering medium, canceling any absorption phenomenon, and therefore not altering the aromas.
On peut également citer l'absence de risque de traversée du média filtrant au niveau du liquide filtré, de par le confinement dudit média.Mention may also be made of the absence of risk of the filter media passing through the filtered liquid, due to the confinement of said media.
Enfin, compte tenu de la possibilité d'une double filtration tangentielle/frontale, le dispositif de filtration conforme à l'invention rend possible la filtration de liquides très chargés sans risque de colmatage, et ce de manière très facile et pour des coûts faibles.Finally, taking into account the possibility of a tangential / frontal double filtration, the filtration device according to the invention makes it possible to filter very loaded liquids without risk of clogging, and this in a very easy way and for low costs.
Le dispositif de filtration conforme à l'invention s'avère en outre tout particulièrement adapté au traitement des effiuents.The filtration device according to the invention also proves to be particularly suitable for the treatment of effluents.
De la même manière, de par sa capacité à retenir les colloïdes et autres matières organiques, il peut être avantageusement mis en œuvre à la filtration de l'eau, tel que par exemple en étage d'entrée des osmoseurs ou des dispositifs d'ultrafiltration. Son utilisation dans une telle application permet d'engendrer des gains très conséquents en termes de frais de fonctionnement, dans la mesure où les systèmes mis en œuvre à ce jour pour éliminer les colloïdes dans de telles installations sont d'un coût très élevé et sont tout particulièrement encombrants. In the same way, by its capacity to retain colloids and other organic matter, it can be advantageously used for the filtration of water, such as for example in the input stage of osmosis units or ultrafiltration devices. . Its use in such an application makes it possible to generate very substantial savings in terms of operating costs, insofar as the systems implemented to date for eliminating colloids in such installations are very high cost and are especially bulky.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Dispositif de filfration pour liquides, notamment alimentaires constitué d'au moins une cartouche (1) comprenant un volume en forme de couronne cylindrique définie par une grille extérieure cylindrique (25, 34, 36), au niveau de laquelle arrive le liquide à filtrer, et une grille de support interne (29), concentrique avec la grille extérieure, ledit volume étant comblé par un média filtrant régénérable, caractérisé en ce que ledit média filtrant est constitué par des microbilles de verre ou de polymère, enrobées par un polymère hydrophobe insoluble en phase aqueuse.1 / Filfration device for liquids, in particular food liquids consisting of at least one cartridge (1) comprising a volume in the form of a cylindrical crown defined by a cylindrical external grid (25, 34, 36), at the level of which the liquid arrives filter, and an internal support grid (29), concentric with the external grid, said volume being filled with a regenerable filter medium, characterized in that said filter medium consists of glass or polymer microbeads, coated with a polymer hydrophobic insoluble in aqueous phase.
2/ Dispositif de filtration selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les microbilles sont additionnées de fibres à base de cellulose ou de polymère.2 / filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that the microbeads are supplemented with fibers based on cellulose or polymer.
3/ Dispositif de filtration selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le polymère insoluble est choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'éthylcellulose, le carboxylméthyl-cellulose et le polyéthylène.3 / A filtration device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the insoluble polymer is chosen from the group comprising ethylcellulose, carboxylmethyl-cellulose and polyethylene.
4/ Dispositif de filfration selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la taille des microbilles est comprise entre 1 et 150 micromètres, et de préférence comprise entre 20 et 80 micromètres.4 / Filfration device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the size of the microbeads is between 1 and 150 micrometers, and preferably between 20 and 80 micrometers.
5/ Dispositif de filtration selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la grille extérieure (25, 34, 36) comporte des orifices ou pores s'évasant en direction de l'intérieur de la couronne et se présentant avantageusement sous la forme de cônes ou de pyramides juxtaposés, dont la base constitue la surface extérieure de la grille, et le sommet est dirigé radialement vers l'intérieur de la cartouche.5 / filtration device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer grid (25, 34, 36) has orifices or pores flaring towards the interior of the crown and advantageously appearing in the form of juxtaposed cones or pyramids, the base of which constitutes the external surface of the grid, and the apex is directed radially towards the interior of the cartridge.
6/ Dispositif de filtration selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices ou pores de la grille extérieure sont constitués par les intervalles séparant la base de barreaux annulaires de section trapézoïdale juxtaposés ou d'un barreau de section trapézoïdale conformé en spirale continue.6 / A filtration device according to claim 5, characterized in that the orifices or pores of the external grid are constituted by the intervals separating the base of annular bars of trapezoidal section juxtaposed or of a bar of trapezoidal section shaped in a continuous spiral.
Il Dispositif de filtration selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la grille interne (29) de structure traditionnelle, assure également la fonction de support ou d'entretoise entre les deux extrémités de la cartouche et est destinée par ailleurs à recevoir au niveau de chacune de ses extrémités un embout plastique ou métallique assurant la cohésion de l'ensemble. 8/ Dispositif de filtration selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de cartouches concentriques, notamment deux, montées coaxiallement et concentriquement l'une par rapport à l'autre, chacune desdites cartouches intégrant entre ses grilles support un média filtrant régénérable constitué par 5 des microbilles de verre ou de polymère, éventuellement additionnées de fibres à base de cellulose ou de polymère, l'ensemble étant enrobé par un polymère hydrophobe insoluble en phase aqueuse.Il Filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal grid (29) of traditional structure, also performs the function of support or spacer between the two ends of the cartridge and is also intended to receive at each of its ends a plastic or metal tip ensuring the cohesion of the assembly. 8 / filtration device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of concentric cartridges, in particular two, mounted coaxially and concentrically with respect to each other, each of said cartridges integrating between its grids support a regenerable filtering medium consisting of glass or polymer microbeads, optionally supplemented with fibers based on cellulose or polymer, the whole being coated with a hydrophobic polymer insoluble in aqueous phase.
9/ Dispositif de filtration selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la 10 grille interne de la cartouche présente des orifices ou pores s'évasant en direction de l'extérieur de la couronne et se présente avantageusement sous la forme de cônes ou de pyramides juxtaposés, dont la base constitue la surface extérieure de la grille, et le sommet est dirigé radialement vers l'intérieur de la cartouche.9 / filtration device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the internal grid of the cartridge has orifices or pores flaring towards the outside of the crown and is advantageously in the form juxtaposed cones or pyramids, the base of which constitutes the external surface of the grid, and the apex is directed radially towards the interior of the cartridge.
15 10/ Dispositif de filtration selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les orifices ou pores de la grille extérieure sont constitués par les intervalles séparant la base de barreaux annulaires de section trapézoïdale montés de manière adjacente les uns par rapport aux autres ou d'un barreau unique de section trapézoïdale conformé en spirale.15 10 / filtration device according to claim 9, characterized in that the orifices or pores of the external grid consist of the intervals separating the base of annular bars of trapezoidal section mounted adjacent to each other or from a single bar of trapezoidal section shaped in a spiral.
20 11/ Dispositif de filtration selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les orifices ou pores de la grille extérieure sont constitués par les intervalles séparant la base de barreaux longitudinaux de section trapézoïdale s'étendant parallèlement au sens de l'écoulement du liquide à filtrer.20 11 / filtration device according to claim 9, characterized in that the orifices or pores of the external grid are constituted by the intervals separating the base of longitudinal bars of trapezoidal section extending parallel to the direction of flow of the liquid to filter.
25 12/ Dispositif de filtration selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la grille interne (29) est revêtue d'une membrane en un polymère, notamment polysulfone (28), éventuellement revêtue d'une grille de protection (27). 25 12 / filtration device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the internal grid (29) is coated with a membrane of a polymer, in particular polysulfone (28), optionally coated with a protective grid (27).
EP98946513A 1997-09-29 1998-09-28 Regenerable filter for liquids, in particular food liquids Withdrawn EP1019170A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9712304A FR2768940B1 (en) 1997-09-29 1997-09-29 REGENERABLE FILTER FOR LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY FOOD
FR9712304 1997-09-29
PCT/FR1998/002072 WO1999016528A1 (en) 1997-09-29 1998-09-28 Regenerable filter for liquids, in particular food liquids

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CA2577034C (en) * 2007-02-02 2015-06-30 Torr Canada Inc. Cartridge assembly
CN104773854A (en) * 2015-03-19 2015-07-15 无锡市宏腾塑胶厂 Diatomite filter core for water purifier

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EP0071961A3 (en) * 1981-08-06 1986-03-19 Kojicic, Djurdjina Double walled screen-filter with perforated joints
DE3943249C2 (en) * 1989-12-29 1993-11-18 Seitz Filter Werke Closed filter element

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WO2022162517A1 (en) * 2021-01-28 2022-08-04 Netafim Ltd Liquid filtration system

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AU9353698A (en) 1999-04-23
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WO1999016528A1 (en) 1999-04-08

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